Lewis R. Fischer and Even Lange (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780986497360
- eISBN:
- 9781786944481
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497360.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This book is a wide-reaching study of Norwegian maritime history and developments within the discipline. It brings together the research efforts of a University of Oslo project aiming to further ...
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This book is a wide-reaching study of Norwegian maritime history and developments within the discipline. It brings together the research efforts of a University of Oslo project aiming to further understand Norwegian shipping history between 1814 and 2014, and the work of a new generation of maritime historians. Structured into three sections - global integration, political issues, and success and failure - the volume covers a broad range of maritime topics that have influenced both Norwegian economic development and Norwegian cultural identity. Through analysis it discovers that in the last few decades Norwegian shipping has been plagued by multiple troubles, whilst simultaneously becoming less crucial to the Norwegian economy in favour of offshore petroleum production. However, it reiterates the historical importance of shipping to the economic development of Norway, and asserts that historians have begun to treat it as the centre from which other industries grew.Less
This book is a wide-reaching study of Norwegian maritime history and developments within the discipline. It brings together the research efforts of a University of Oslo project aiming to further understand Norwegian shipping history between 1814 and 2014, and the work of a new generation of maritime historians. Structured into three sections - global integration, political issues, and success and failure - the volume covers a broad range of maritime topics that have influenced both Norwegian economic development and Norwegian cultural identity. Through analysis it discovers that in the last few decades Norwegian shipping has been plagued by multiple troubles, whilst simultaneously becoming less crucial to the Norwegian economy in favour of offshore petroleum production. However, it reiterates the historical importance of shipping to the economic development of Norway, and asserts that historians have begun to treat it as the centre from which other industries grew.
Torsten Feys
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781927869000
- eISBN:
- 9781786944443
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869000.003.0100
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This section studies the rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870, and the ways in which the two intersected. It explores the successes and failures ...
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This section studies the rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870, and the ways in which the two intersected. It explores the successes and failures in establishing migration networks, and contrasts activity at the ports of Rotterdam and Antwerp to better understand the impact of commercial networks on the path dependency of migrants. It also considers the organisation of transport and the influence of government policies on both sail and steam shipping during the period. It examines chain migration; business networks; American migration legislation; the rise of Nativism; and migration as an international trade issue, before concluding that steamship lines targeted migrants with full knowledge of their financial value.Less
This section studies the rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870, and the ways in which the two intersected. It explores the successes and failures in establishing migration networks, and contrasts activity at the ports of Rotterdam and Antwerp to better understand the impact of commercial networks on the path dependency of migrants. It also considers the organisation of transport and the influence of government policies on both sail and steam shipping during the period. It examines chain migration; business networks; American migration legislation; the rise of Nativism; and migration as an international trade issue, before concluding that steamship lines targeted migrants with full knowledge of their financial value.
Silvia Marzagalli, James R. Sofka, and John McCusker (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780986497346
- eISBN:
- 9781786944504
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497346.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This study analyses the presence of American ships, merchants, and interests in the Mediterranean region in the first decades following the independence of the United States, and seeks to understand ...
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This study analyses the presence of American ships, merchants, and interests in the Mediterranean region in the first decades following the independence of the United States, and seeks to understand whether or not the English, Dutch, Scandinavians, and Americans invaded the region and its shipping industry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It considers the following topics: the benefit of American neutrality during the French Revolutionary wars which enabled the growth of their shipping activities; the organisation of protection for American ships post-independence, particularly from Barbary privateers; the diplomatic efforts of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson and the relationships of convenience fostered by American powers when requesting European assistance; the development of American consular services to assist merchants and captains; the avoidance of incidents through peace and commercial treaties through to ship seizures and crew enslavement; and the impact of the Tripolitanian War (or Barbary War) on American-Mediterranean shipping. The works in this volume attempt to determine whether or not these actions can be considered an ‘invasion’. They explore the mutually beneficial aspects of American-Mediterranean trade whilst also considering the strength of the Mediterranean trade (particularly Greek) prior to American interference. It concludes by confirming the dual objectives of the American presence - to ensure open markets for their goods, and to enhance their political and military power against British, French, and North African regencies.Less
This study analyses the presence of American ships, merchants, and interests in the Mediterranean region in the first decades following the independence of the United States, and seeks to understand whether or not the English, Dutch, Scandinavians, and Americans invaded the region and its shipping industry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It considers the following topics: the benefit of American neutrality during the French Revolutionary wars which enabled the growth of their shipping activities; the organisation of protection for American ships post-independence, particularly from Barbary privateers; the diplomatic efforts of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson and the relationships of convenience fostered by American powers when requesting European assistance; the development of American consular services to assist merchants and captains; the avoidance of incidents through peace and commercial treaties through to ship seizures and crew enslavement; and the impact of the Tripolitanian War (or Barbary War) on American-Mediterranean shipping. The works in this volume attempt to determine whether or not these actions can be considered an ‘invasion’. They explore the mutually beneficial aspects of American-Mediterranean trade whilst also considering the strength of the Mediterranean trade (particularly Greek) prior to American interference. It concludes by confirming the dual objectives of the American presence - to ensure open markets for their goods, and to enhance their political and military power against British, French, and North African regencies.
Stig Tenold
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780973893427
- eISBN:
- 9781786944627
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973893427.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter uses a supply and demand framework to analyse the cause of the rapid decline of the tanker sector. The increase in the price of oil, plus the spatial shifts in oil production and changes ...
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This chapter uses a supply and demand framework to analyse the cause of the rapid decline of the tanker sector. The increase in the price of oil, plus the spatial shifts in oil production and changes to the chartering policies of oil companies worked to both spread and prolong the crisis. Another core contributing factor was the failure of shipowners to recognise the imbalance of supply and demand as a lasting rather than cyclical concern. The chapter concludes by asserting that shipowners, financial institutions, and government intervention all played significant roles in escalating the crisis further.Less
This chapter uses a supply and demand framework to analyse the cause of the rapid decline of the tanker sector. The increase in the price of oil, plus the spatial shifts in oil production and changes to the chartering policies of oil companies worked to both spread and prolong the crisis. Another core contributing factor was the failure of shipowners to recognise the imbalance of supply and demand as a lasting rather than cyclical concern. The chapter concludes by asserting that shipowners, financial institutions, and government intervention all played significant roles in escalating the crisis further.
John Armstrong and David M. Williams
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780986497377
- eISBN:
- 9781786944474
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497377.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter explores the government reaction to steam power and the issues of public safety that surrounded it. In particular, it questions the lack of prominent government intervention until the ...
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This chapter explores the government reaction to steam power and the issues of public safety that surrounded it. In particular, it questions the lack of prominent government intervention until the middle of the nineteenth century. It studies the economic advantages of steam over sail; the new hazards associated with steam power and the causes and rates of accidents; the call for government intervention which grew out of these hazards; an analysis of the lack of government response to this pressure for close to thirty years; and a study and assessment of the action eventually taken. It concludes by bringing these points together and places them into the wider context of maritime safety, the role of government, the problematic aspects of laissez-faire politics, and the difficulties inherent in the transition to new technology.Less
This chapter explores the government reaction to steam power and the issues of public safety that surrounded it. In particular, it questions the lack of prominent government intervention until the middle of the nineteenth century. It studies the economic advantages of steam over sail; the new hazards associated with steam power and the causes and rates of accidents; the call for government intervention which grew out of these hazards; an analysis of the lack of government response to this pressure for close to thirty years; and a study and assessment of the action eventually taken. It concludes by bringing these points together and places them into the wider context of maritime safety, the role of government, the problematic aspects of laissez-faire politics, and the difficulties inherent in the transition to new technology.
Ralph Davis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780986497384
- eISBN:
- 9781786944467
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497384.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter explores the level of involvement of the British government in mercantile shipping during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It provides the history behind the 1651 Navigation Act ...
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This chapter explores the level of involvement of the British government in mercantile shipping during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It provides the history behind the 1651 Navigation Act and the previous instances of British trade being restricted to British vessels, which date as far back as the fourteenth century and were also present during the reign of Elizabeth I. It then analyses the competition between British and Dutch shipping and the escalating tensions that caused the passing of the 1651 Navigation Act and the outbreak of the Dutch wars. It lists the Navigation Act provisions that applied to shipping, and attempts to answer what scope foreign ships had to trade with England as a result of its implementation. Though the bulk of the chapter discusses the Navigation Acts and their fallout, it also considers the increase of government intervention in maritime activity during the eighteenth century which included law-making efforts concerning the Navy, and investment in docks and ports. It concludes that government intervention, when present, was often beneficial to the industry, particularly when it came to employment issues and working conditions.Less
This chapter explores the level of involvement of the British government in mercantile shipping during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It provides the history behind the 1651 Navigation Act and the previous instances of British trade being restricted to British vessels, which date as far back as the fourteenth century and were also present during the reign of Elizabeth I. It then analyses the competition between British and Dutch shipping and the escalating tensions that caused the passing of the 1651 Navigation Act and the outbreak of the Dutch wars. It lists the Navigation Act provisions that applied to shipping, and attempts to answer what scope foreign ships had to trade with England as a result of its implementation. Though the bulk of the chapter discusses the Navigation Acts and their fallout, it also considers the increase of government intervention in maritime activity during the eighteenth century which included law-making efforts concerning the Navy, and investment in docks and ports. It concludes that government intervention, when present, was often beneficial to the industry, particularly when it came to employment issues and working conditions.
Gordon Boyce
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780986497391
- eISBN:
- 9781786944450
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497391.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter assesses the entrepreneurship of Christopher Furness with regard to shaping both the internal organisation and external activity of the Furness Group. It provides a thorough account of ...
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This chapter assesses the entrepreneurship of Christopher Furness with regard to shaping both the internal organisation and external activity of the Furness Group. It provides a thorough account of his personal reputation and cultivated image, his creative talent within the business, his approaches to product development, cost-effective technologies, and sales deficiencies, and the way he generated productive opportunities in the external shipping environment. It considers how he structured and organised the Group and worked to ensure his successors would follow the same format. Finally, it identifies the way in which he attempted to modify environmental constraints to nullify the threat of external market uncertainty. Furness’ business and political writings are core sources for this study. It concludes that his style of entrepreneurship was liberal, laissez-faire, waste-resistant, reputation dependent, expansive, and, above all else, concerned with sustaining a business empire. His dynastic sensibilities led him to leave the business to his nephews rather than his son, whom he did not consider qualified to run the business.Less
This chapter assesses the entrepreneurship of Christopher Furness with regard to shaping both the internal organisation and external activity of the Furness Group. It provides a thorough account of his personal reputation and cultivated image, his creative talent within the business, his approaches to product development, cost-effective technologies, and sales deficiencies, and the way he generated productive opportunities in the external shipping environment. It considers how he structured and organised the Group and worked to ensure his successors would follow the same format. Finally, it identifies the way in which he attempted to modify environmental constraints to nullify the threat of external market uncertainty. Furness’ business and political writings are core sources for this study. It concludes that his style of entrepreneurship was liberal, laissez-faire, waste-resistant, reputation dependent, expansive, and, above all else, concerned with sustaining a business empire. His dynastic sensibilities led him to leave the business to his nephews rather than his son, whom he did not consider qualified to run the business.