John R. Twiss, Robert J. Hofman, and John E. Reynolds III
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195309454
- eISBN:
- 9780199871261
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309454.003.0014
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter focuses on the US Marine Mammal Commission, the principles of marine mammal management and conservation associated with it, and the status and conservation issues involved with varying ...
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This chapter focuses on the US Marine Mammal Commission, the principles of marine mammal management and conservation associated with it, and the status and conservation issues involved with varying groups of marine mammals. It shows that much of the past several decades' history of marine mammal conservation is reflected in the background, content, and implementation of, and changes to, the US Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA). Key provisions of the MMPA are described, including the functions and composition of the Marine Mammal Commission and its Committee of Scientific Advisors, both of which the act established. How the optimum sustainable population determinations evolved, and the development of the ecosystem approach to marine conservation are discussed.Less
This chapter focuses on the US Marine Mammal Commission, the principles of marine mammal management and conservation associated with it, and the status and conservation issues involved with varying groups of marine mammals. It shows that much of the past several decades' history of marine mammal conservation is reflected in the background, content, and implementation of, and changes to, the US Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA). Key provisions of the MMPA are described, including the functions and composition of the Marine Mammal Commission and its Committee of Scientific Advisors, both of which the act established. How the optimum sustainable population determinations evolved, and the development of the ecosystem approach to marine conservation are discussed.
Desmond King
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292494
- eISBN:
- 9780191599682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829249X.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Explores segregation in the military and resistance to its abolition ever since the founding of the country and the War of Independence to President Truman's 1947 Committee on Civil Rights and well ...
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Explores segregation in the military and resistance to its abolition ever since the founding of the country and the War of Independence to President Truman's 1947 Committee on Civil Rights and well into the 1960s. King examines original transcripts of testimony before Truman's committee and other investigations into segregation especially prior to and during the Second World War. He also looks at the policies and reports of the American Navy, Marine Corps, and the Army as well as those of Black American soldiers stationed abroad in Britain and Europe. Throughout the chapter, he traces the tensions arising from the war's premise to promote democracy in the new global community while tolerating the suppression of civil rights domestically.Less
Explores segregation in the military and resistance to its abolition ever since the founding of the country and the War of Independence to President Truman's 1947 Committee on Civil Rights and well into the 1960s. King examines original transcripts of testimony before Truman's committee and other investigations into segregation especially prior to and during the Second World War. He also looks at the policies and reports of the American Navy, Marine Corps, and the Army as well as those of Black American soldiers stationed abroad in Britain and Europe. Throughout the chapter, he traces the tensions arising from the war's premise to promote democracy in the new global community while tolerating the suppression of civil rights domestically.
Michael L. Weber
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195309454
- eISBN:
- 9780199871261
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309454.003.0015
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter focuses on the ideologies that underlie and play a major role in determining the policies of government, management, and even science. Ideology is defined as “the body of doctrines, ...
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This chapter focuses on the ideologies that underlie and play a major role in determining the policies of government, management, and even science. Ideology is defined as “the body of doctrines, myths, and beliefs that guides an individual, social movement, institution, class, or large group”. Prior to the 1970s, the policies for marine wildlife were dominated by an ideology of abundance. The passage of the MMPA introduced a counterideology, the ideology of scarcity. The factors leading to the passage of the MMPA are discussed.Less
This chapter focuses on the ideologies that underlie and play a major role in determining the policies of government, management, and even science. Ideology is defined as “the body of doctrines, myths, and beliefs that guides an individual, social movement, institution, class, or large group”. Prior to the 1970s, the policies for marine wildlife were dominated by an ideology of abundance. The passage of the MMPA introduced a counterideology, the ideology of scarcity. The factors leading to the passage of the MMPA are discussed.
Frederick Rowe Davis
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195310771
- eISBN:
- 9780199790098
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310771.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
By the 1960s, Carr's activities for international sea turtle conservation developed along several pathways. The Caribbean Conservation Corporation and support from the US Navy facilitated Operation ...
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By the 1960s, Carr's activities for international sea turtle conservation developed along several pathways. The Caribbean Conservation Corporation and support from the US Navy facilitated Operation Green Turtle which aimed to re-establish nesting colonies of green turtles all across the Caribbean. As chairman of the Marine Turtle Group of the IUCN, Carr envisioned an ambitious program of international activism on behalf of sea turtles worldwide, but IUCN followed a more conservative path and focused on smaller, regional initiatives. The long and arduous process of establishing Tortuguero National Park revealed the challenges of sea turtle conservation. Finally, despite his early support for sea turtle farming as a possible conservation strategy, Carr criticized efforts to develop the commercial turtle farming on the grounds that in the short run it would stimulate international demand for sea turtle products without significantly increasing supply to circumvent poaching of wild stocks.Less
By the 1960s, Carr's activities for international sea turtle conservation developed along several pathways. The Caribbean Conservation Corporation and support from the US Navy facilitated Operation Green Turtle which aimed to re-establish nesting colonies of green turtles all across the Caribbean. As chairman of the Marine Turtle Group of the IUCN, Carr envisioned an ambitious program of international activism on behalf of sea turtles worldwide, but IUCN followed a more conservative path and focused on smaller, regional initiatives. The long and arduous process of establishing Tortuguero National Park revealed the challenges of sea turtle conservation. Finally, despite his early support for sea turtle farming as a possible conservation strategy, Carr criticized efforts to develop the commercial turtle farming on the grounds that in the short run it would stimulate international demand for sea turtle products without significantly increasing supply to circumvent poaching of wild stocks.
Barbara Goldoftas
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195135114
- eISBN:
- 9780199868216
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195135114.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
In the mid-1990s, a proposal by the Pangasinan Cement Corporation to build a cement plant and sprawling industrial center in Bolinao, Pangasinan, split the fishing town, which is the home of the ...
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In the mid-1990s, a proposal by the Pangasinan Cement Corporation to build a cement plant and sprawling industrial center in Bolinao, Pangasinan, split the fishing town, which is the home of the University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute. The undersecretary responsible for the case at the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Antonio La Vina, focused the decision about the necessary Environmental Compliance Certificate on the principal of social acceptability: whether or not the rapid industrialization would be acceptable to the community. This case study provides an important example of how difficult decisions about sustainable development can be made at the local level, how they can be made with transparency and community involvement, and how a community may respond to the potential changes brought about by rapid industrialization.Less
In the mid-1990s, a proposal by the Pangasinan Cement Corporation to build a cement plant and sprawling industrial center in Bolinao, Pangasinan, split the fishing town, which is the home of the University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute. The undersecretary responsible for the case at the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Antonio La Vina, focused the decision about the necessary Environmental Compliance Certificate on the principal of social acceptability: whether or not the rapid industrialization would be acceptable to the community. This case study provides an important example of how difficult decisions about sustainable development can be made at the local level, how they can be made with transparency and community involvement, and how a community may respond to the potential changes brought about by rapid industrialization.
Poul Holm, Tim D. Smith, and David J. Starkey (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780973007312
- eISBN:
- 9781786944733
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973007312.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
The book combines the approaches of maritime history and ecological science to explore the evolution of life-forms and eco-systems in the ocean from a historical perspective, in order to establish ...
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The book combines the approaches of maritime history and ecological science to explore the evolution of life-forms and eco-systems in the ocean from a historical perspective, in order to establish and develop the sub-discipline of marine environmental history. Documentary records relating to the human activity, such as fishing, plus naturally occurring paleo-ecological data are analysed in order to determine the structure and function of exploited ecosystems. The book is divided into four chapter groups, the first concerned with Newfoundland and Grand Banks’ fisheries, the second with the potential of historical sources to provide a history of marine animal populations, the third explores the development of fisheries in the southern hemisphere during the twentieth century, and the final section explores the limitations of data and existing analysis of whale populations. The epilogue reiterates the suggestion that collaboration between historians and biologists is the key to furthering the sub-discipline.Less
The book combines the approaches of maritime history and ecological science to explore the evolution of life-forms and eco-systems in the ocean from a historical perspective, in order to establish and develop the sub-discipline of marine environmental history. Documentary records relating to the human activity, such as fishing, plus naturally occurring paleo-ecological data are analysed in order to determine the structure and function of exploited ecosystems. The book is divided into four chapter groups, the first concerned with Newfoundland and Grand Banks’ fisheries, the second with the potential of historical sources to provide a history of marine animal populations, the third explores the development of fisheries in the southern hemisphere during the twentieth century, and the final section explores the limitations of data and existing analysis of whale populations. The epilogue reiterates the suggestion that collaboration between historians and biologists is the key to furthering the sub-discipline.
Melissa T. Brown
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199842827
- eISBN:
- 9780199933105
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199842827.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, International Relations and Politics
Chapter 5 provides background material on the Marine Corps’ culture and recruiting history, before presenting an analysis of the recruiting materials. Over the course of the all-volunteer force, ...
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Chapter 5 provides background material on the Marine Corps’ culture and recruiting history, before presenting an analysis of the recruiting materials. Over the course of the all-volunteer force, Marine Corps advertising has consistently emphasized elitism and sent the message that the Marines will demand that a recruit prove his worth, but once he has, he’s part of an exclusive warrior brotherhood. The Marines offer a rite of passage into manhood. Based on their structure and personnel needs, the Marines need to use only one version of masculinity—traditional warrior masculinity—in their appeals. The chapter also gives a brief history of women in the Marines and examines their portrayal in recruiting materials. The Marines have the smallest percentage of women of any of the services. Marine recruiting advertisements rarely show women and make no attempt to use gender-inclusive language. The few Marine ads that feature women are published only in magazines aimed at women.Less
Chapter 5 provides background material on the Marine Corps’ culture and recruiting history, before presenting an analysis of the recruiting materials. Over the course of the all-volunteer force, Marine Corps advertising has consistently emphasized elitism and sent the message that the Marines will demand that a recruit prove his worth, but once he has, he’s part of an exclusive warrior brotherhood. The Marines offer a rite of passage into manhood. Based on their structure and personnel needs, the Marines need to use only one version of masculinity—traditional warrior masculinity—in their appeals. The chapter also gives a brief history of women in the Marines and examines their portrayal in recruiting materials. The Marines have the smallest percentage of women of any of the services. Marine recruiting advertisements rarely show women and make no attempt to use gender-inclusive language. The few Marine ads that feature women are published only in magazines aimed at women.
Karl S. Matlin, Jane Maienschein, and Rachel A. Ankeny (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226672762
- eISBN:
- 9780226673097
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226673097.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This book explores why researchers since the mid-nineteenth century have spent time at the seaside, as well as what questions motivated their work and what opportunities appeared as a result of ...
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This book explores why researchers since the mid-nineteenth century have spent time at the seaside, as well as what questions motivated their work and what opportunities appeared as a result of working by the sea. Two key themes consider: first, how movements from the beach to laboratory bench became possible only with the development of institutions to house equipment, people, organisms, and research projects; and second, how these institutions enabled a variety of different kinds of research questions and practices. The chapters explore processes associated with institutionalization, with focus on the Marine Biological Laboratory due to its unique, long-standing combination of commitment to research and education and their intersection. Marine institutions have embraced a wide range of scientific practices with diverse tools, locations, organisms, and materials. Bringing researchers and students to work closely together for short concentrated periods of time by the sea has also led to controversies. Chapters examine historic and contemporary research involving both marine organisms and comparative studies with non-marine organisms, as well as use of microscopy and other technologies and techniques, locations for research including intertidal zones or ecosystems as well as coral reefs and other offshore locales, materials utilized such as living processes and preserved specimens, and the different levels explored ranging from molecules and genes to complex systems. This historical analysis reveals the tremendous capacity of marine institutions for facilitating different kinds of research, bringing together diverse groups of researchers at different career stages, and allowing sharing of ideas and ways of working.Less
This book explores why researchers since the mid-nineteenth century have spent time at the seaside, as well as what questions motivated their work and what opportunities appeared as a result of working by the sea. Two key themes consider: first, how movements from the beach to laboratory bench became possible only with the development of institutions to house equipment, people, organisms, and research projects; and second, how these institutions enabled a variety of different kinds of research questions and practices. The chapters explore processes associated with institutionalization, with focus on the Marine Biological Laboratory due to its unique, long-standing combination of commitment to research and education and their intersection. Marine institutions have embraced a wide range of scientific practices with diverse tools, locations, organisms, and materials. Bringing researchers and students to work closely together for short concentrated periods of time by the sea has also led to controversies. Chapters examine historic and contemporary research involving both marine organisms and comparative studies with non-marine organisms, as well as use of microscopy and other technologies and techniques, locations for research including intertidal zones or ecosystems as well as coral reefs and other offshore locales, materials utilized such as living processes and preserved specimens, and the different levels explored ranging from molecules and genes to complex systems. This historical analysis reveals the tremendous capacity of marine institutions for facilitating different kinds of research, bringing together diverse groups of researchers at different career stages, and allowing sharing of ideas and ways of working.
James C. Mohr
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195162318
- eISBN:
- 9780199788910
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162318.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter introduces and offers background on the principal medical figures involved in this drama: Nathaniel B. Emerson, Francis R. Day, and Clifford B. Wood, the three American-trained ...
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This chapter introduces and offers background on the principal medical figures involved in this drama: Nathaniel B. Emerson, Francis R. Day, and Clifford B. Wood, the three American-trained physicians on the Board of Health; Duncan A. Carmichael, who represented the US Marine Hospital Service; and Walter Hoffman, the Honolulu city bacteriologist.Less
This chapter introduces and offers background on the principal medical figures involved in this drama: Nathaniel B. Emerson, Francis R. Day, and Clifford B. Wood, the three American-trained physicians on the Board of Health; Duncan A. Carmichael, who represented the US Marine Hospital Service; and Walter Hoffman, the Honolulu city bacteriologist.
Clive Scott
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198151593
- eISBN:
- 9780191672750
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198151593.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature, Poetry
This chapter is devoted to commentaries on Rimbaud's poems, the ‘Marine’ and the ‘Mouvement’. Rimbaud's poems are generally accepted as the first samples of free verse in France. However this ...
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This chapter is devoted to commentaries on Rimbaud's poems, the ‘Marine’ and the ‘Mouvement’. Rimbaud's poems are generally accepted as the first samples of free verse in France. However this recognition as the first examples of free verse was met by many criticisms as these poems are largely exceptional and seemed merely to have acted as a stepping stone to the prose poems of Illuminations. Several commentators found grounds for disqualifying them as free verse. Among the critics of Rimbaud discussed here are Guyaux and Plessen and their scansion, reading, and rhythmic structure of the two poems are carefully examined and discussed.Less
This chapter is devoted to commentaries on Rimbaud's poems, the ‘Marine’ and the ‘Mouvement’. Rimbaud's poems are generally accepted as the first samples of free verse in France. However this recognition as the first examples of free verse was met by many criticisms as these poems are largely exceptional and seemed merely to have acted as a stepping stone to the prose poems of Illuminations. Several commentators found grounds for disqualifying them as free verse. Among the critics of Rimbaud discussed here are Guyaux and Plessen and their scansion, reading, and rhythmic structure of the two poems are carefully examined and discussed.
John P. Herron
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195383546
- eISBN:
- 9780199870523
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195383546.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century, American History: 20th Century
This chapter focuses on the life of Rachel Carson. In late summer of 1929, 22-year-old Rachel Carson arrived at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. A recent graduate ...
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This chapter focuses on the life of Rachel Carson. In late summer of 1929, 22-year-old Rachel Carson arrived at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. A recent graduate of the Pennsylvania College for Women, Carson came to the MBL as a “beginning investigator”, to study reptilian nerve systems. By the time Carson left Woods Hole, biology and its social implications were well known. When Carson established herself as natural scientist, her role as a scientist defined her social position. Her scientific credibility was (and often still is) debated, an issue greatly affected by the contemporary politics of gender, but her acceptance of the social responsibility of the scientist was not. Promoting a socially engaged understanding of natural science was something she had anticipated and prepared for much of her life.Less
This chapter focuses on the life of Rachel Carson. In late summer of 1929, 22-year-old Rachel Carson arrived at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. A recent graduate of the Pennsylvania College for Women, Carson came to the MBL as a “beginning investigator”, to study reptilian nerve systems. By the time Carson left Woods Hole, biology and its social implications were well known. When Carson established herself as natural scientist, her role as a scientist defined her social position. Her scientific credibility was (and often still is) debated, an issue greatly affected by the contemporary politics of gender, but her acceptance of the social responsibility of the scientist was not. Promoting a socially engaged understanding of natural science was something she had anticipated and prepared for much of her life.
Ellen D. Tillman
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469626956
- eISBN:
- 9781469628127
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469626956.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
The U.S. policy of “Dollar Diplomacy” was designed to replace “dollars for bullets,” to guarantee economic and political stability in the Caribbean without intrusive and increasingly controversial ...
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The U.S. policy of “Dollar Diplomacy” was designed to replace “dollars for bullets,” to guarantee economic and political stability in the Caribbean without intrusive and increasingly controversial military interventions. Using military and government records from Dominican and US archives, this work investigates the extent to which early twentieth-century U.S. involvement in the Dominican Republic fundamentally changed the course of Dominican history and the conduct of U.S. foreign policy. In the Dominican Republic, successive interventions contributed to a drastic shifting of the social order, as well as centralized state power through the military, which Rafael Trujillo leveraged in his rise to dictatorship in the 1920s. Ultimately, this study demonstrates, the overthrow of the social order resulted not from military planning, but from the unplanned and uncoordinated interactions and negotiations between U.S. Marine Corps military occupation initiatives and Dominican society. This work provides insight into Dominican history and early U.S. attempts to use military force to reform other nations, but also offers a unique view of the power and goals of U.S. Navy officers and administrators during a period of expansive naval growth and concern about Caribbean security.Less
The U.S. policy of “Dollar Diplomacy” was designed to replace “dollars for bullets,” to guarantee economic and political stability in the Caribbean without intrusive and increasingly controversial military interventions. Using military and government records from Dominican and US archives, this work investigates the extent to which early twentieth-century U.S. involvement in the Dominican Republic fundamentally changed the course of Dominican history and the conduct of U.S. foreign policy. In the Dominican Republic, successive interventions contributed to a drastic shifting of the social order, as well as centralized state power through the military, which Rafael Trujillo leveraged in his rise to dictatorship in the 1920s. Ultimately, this study demonstrates, the overthrow of the social order resulted not from military planning, but from the unplanned and uncoordinated interactions and negotiations between U.S. Marine Corps military occupation initiatives and Dominican society. This work provides insight into Dominican history and early U.S. attempts to use military force to reform other nations, but also offers a unique view of the power and goals of U.S. Navy officers and administrators during a period of expansive naval growth and concern about Caribbean security.
Susana Sueiro Seoane
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780252042744
- eISBN:
- 9780252051609
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252042744.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter analyzes Cultura Obrera (Labor Culture), published in New York City from 1911 to 1927. Pedro Esteve, the primary editor, gave expression to his ideas in this newspaper and while it ...
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This chapter analyzes Cultura Obrera (Labor Culture), published in New York City from 1911 to 1927. Pedro Esteve, the primary editor, gave expression to his ideas in this newspaper and while it represented Spanish firemen and marine workers, it reported on many other workers’ struggles in different parts of the world, for example, supporting and collecting funds for the Mexican revolutionary brothers Flores Magón. This newspaper, as all the anarchist press, was part of a transnational network and had a circulation not only in many parts of the United States but also in Latin American countries, including Argentina and Cuba, as well as on the other side of the Atlantic, in Spain and various European countries.Less
This chapter analyzes Cultura Obrera (Labor Culture), published in New York City from 1911 to 1927. Pedro Esteve, the primary editor, gave expression to his ideas in this newspaper and while it represented Spanish firemen and marine workers, it reported on many other workers’ struggles in different parts of the world, for example, supporting and collecting funds for the Mexican revolutionary brothers Flores Magón. This newspaper, as all the anarchist press, was part of a transnational network and had a circulation not only in many parts of the United States but also in Latin American countries, including Argentina and Cuba, as well as on the other side of the Atlantic, in Spain and various European countries.
Wray R. Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813177045
- eISBN:
- 9780813177076
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813177045.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This book is an in-depth exploration of the experience of the US Marine Corps during the so-called small wars era, 1915–1934, with an emphasis on the marines’ employment of aviation. The introduction ...
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This book is an in-depth exploration of the experience of the US Marine Corps during the so-called small wars era, 1915–1934, with an emphasis on the marines’ employment of aviation. The introduction to the book provides a brief history of the Marine Corps up to World War I, an explanation of small wars as a concept, and terms and definitions. The chapters are chronological, addressing the origins of Marine Corps aviation prior to and during American involvement in World War I and the Marine Corps’ interventions in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, northern China, and Nicaragua. The chapters explore the development of tactics, techniques, and procedures in the employment of aircraft during interventional operations; the evolution of aviation technology, including engine technology; and what the marines accomplished, failed to accomplish, and learned about the employment of aviation in combat against guerrillas and other irregulars. The conclusion addresses why it all matters in terms of the present (today, small wars are more commonly referred to as irregular warfare) and the future. The book includes numerous photographs never published before, as well as maps, appendices, and an extensive bibliography.Less
This book is an in-depth exploration of the experience of the US Marine Corps during the so-called small wars era, 1915–1934, with an emphasis on the marines’ employment of aviation. The introduction to the book provides a brief history of the Marine Corps up to World War I, an explanation of small wars as a concept, and terms and definitions. The chapters are chronological, addressing the origins of Marine Corps aviation prior to and during American involvement in World War I and the Marine Corps’ interventions in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, northern China, and Nicaragua. The chapters explore the development of tactics, techniques, and procedures in the employment of aircraft during interventional operations; the evolution of aviation technology, including engine technology; and what the marines accomplished, failed to accomplish, and learned about the employment of aviation in combat against guerrillas and other irregulars. The conclusion addresses why it all matters in terms of the present (today, small wars are more commonly referred to as irregular warfare) and the future. The book includes numerous photographs never published before, as well as maps, appendices, and an extensive bibliography.
A.B. Dickinson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780973893441
- eISBN:
- 9781786944603
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973893441.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This study offers a chronological history of seal fishing in the Falkland Islands and Dependencies from the eighteenth century to the early twenty-first. It concerns the fluctuating seal population ...
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This study offers a chronological history of seal fishing in the Falkland Islands and Dependencies from the eighteenth century to the early twenty-first. It concerns the fluctuating seal population due to sealing; the Atlantic and global demand for seal fur and oil; the competition between American, British, and Canadian sealers over the territory’s seal stocks; and the attempts by various ruling governments to prioritise domestic sealing, maintain sufficient seal stocks, and continue to make profit. It is comprised of nine chapters, the first and last chapters of which serve as introduction and conclusion. The study also includes eight appendices presenting tabled statistics, and a select bibliography. The appendices concern seal skin imports into London; vessel details at Puerto Soledad; the value and amount of seal products exported from the Falklands; Canadian sealing vessels entering Port Stanley; seal catch and oil yield in South Georgia; South Georgian seal catch summaries; South Georgian commercial catches by sealing division; and marine mammal products landed in the Newfoundland fisheries region.Less
This study offers a chronological history of seal fishing in the Falkland Islands and Dependencies from the eighteenth century to the early twenty-first. It concerns the fluctuating seal population due to sealing; the Atlantic and global demand for seal fur and oil; the competition between American, British, and Canadian sealers over the territory’s seal stocks; and the attempts by various ruling governments to prioritise domestic sealing, maintain sufficient seal stocks, and continue to make profit. It is comprised of nine chapters, the first and last chapters of which serve as introduction and conclusion. The study also includes eight appendices presenting tabled statistics, and a select bibliography. The appendices concern seal skin imports into London; vessel details at Puerto Soledad; the value and amount of seal products exported from the Falklands; Canadian sealing vessels entering Port Stanley; seal catch and oil yield in South Georgia; South Georgian seal catch summaries; South Georgian commercial catches by sealing division; and marine mammal products landed in the Newfoundland fisheries region.
Patrick Warfield
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037795
- eISBN:
- 9780252095078
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037795.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
John Philip Sousa's mature career as the indomitable leader of his own touring band is well known, but the years leading up to his emergence as a celebrity have escaped serious attention. This ...
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John Philip Sousa's mature career as the indomitable leader of his own touring band is well known, but the years leading up to his emergence as a celebrity have escaped serious attention. This revealing biography explains how the March King came to be by documenting Sousa's early life and career. Covering the period 1854–1893, the book focuses on the community and training that created Sousa, exploring the musical life of late nineteenth-century Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia as a context for Sousa's development. The book examines Sousa's wide-ranging experience composing, conducting, and performing in the theater, opera house, concert hall, and salons, as well as his leadership of the United States Marine Band and the later Sousa Band, early twentieth-century America's most famous and successful ensemble. Sousa composed not only marches during this period but also parlor, minstrel, and art songs; parade, concert, and medley marches; schottisches, waltzes, and polkas; and incidental music, operettas, and descriptive pieces. The book's examination of Sousa's output reveals a versatile composer much broader in stylistic range than the bandmaster extraordinaire remembered as the March King. It presents the story of Sousa as a self-made business success, a gifted performer and composer who deftly capitalized on his talents to create one of the most entertaining, enduring figures in American music.Less
John Philip Sousa's mature career as the indomitable leader of his own touring band is well known, but the years leading up to his emergence as a celebrity have escaped serious attention. This revealing biography explains how the March King came to be by documenting Sousa's early life and career. Covering the period 1854–1893, the book focuses on the community and training that created Sousa, exploring the musical life of late nineteenth-century Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia as a context for Sousa's development. The book examines Sousa's wide-ranging experience composing, conducting, and performing in the theater, opera house, concert hall, and salons, as well as his leadership of the United States Marine Band and the later Sousa Band, early twentieth-century America's most famous and successful ensemble. Sousa composed not only marches during this period but also parlor, minstrel, and art songs; parade, concert, and medley marches; schottisches, waltzes, and polkas; and incidental music, operettas, and descriptive pieces. The book's examination of Sousa's output reveals a versatile composer much broader in stylistic range than the bandmaster extraordinaire remembered as the March King. It presents the story of Sousa as a self-made business success, a gifted performer and composer who deftly capitalized on his talents to create one of the most entertaining, enduring figures in American music.
David M Williams and Andrew P White (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780969588504
- eISBN:
- 9781786944931
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780969588504.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This book provides a bibliography of a wide scope of British and Irish post-graduate theses of maritime economic and social history. Its intent is to make these informative, under-utilised texts more ...
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This book provides a bibliography of a wide scope of British and Irish post-graduate theses of maritime economic and social history. Its intent is to make these informative, under-utilised texts more accessible for scholars, in response to the deep expansion of subject as a historical discipline. It aims to keep these texts, often unpublished, from lapsing into obscurity. The author takes a broad approach to the subject area, including strands more particular to science than the humanities, and history as recent as the year of publication, intending the resource to be as comprehensive as possible, and of maximum use to present and future scholars. The material is primarily gathered and cross-referenced from Roger R. Bilboul’s Restrospective Index to Theses of Great Britain and Ireland 1716-1950, the ASLIB Index, and the Institute of Historical Research of the University of London. Each entry comprises Surname, Thesis Title (truncated for length where necessary), Degree Awarded, Awarding Institution, and Date. The database comprises 2500 entries, subdivided into twenty-five sections concerning:- the shipping business and all commercial/mercantile aspects of operation; exploration, cartography, and navigation; shipping and shipbuilding technologies; docks and harbours; maritime labour; maritime medical issues; naval history, piracy, privateering; international relations; maritime law; pollution and the maritime environment; fishing; sea-port communities; culture, literature, and art; maritime economics; marine architecture; coastal planning; tourism; and off-shore oil. The sections are further subdivided by location, and a geographical index is included for ease of reference. The author assures that the majority of theses are readily accessible.Less
This book provides a bibliography of a wide scope of British and Irish post-graduate theses of maritime economic and social history. Its intent is to make these informative, under-utilised texts more accessible for scholars, in response to the deep expansion of subject as a historical discipline. It aims to keep these texts, often unpublished, from lapsing into obscurity. The author takes a broad approach to the subject area, including strands more particular to science than the humanities, and history as recent as the year of publication, intending the resource to be as comprehensive as possible, and of maximum use to present and future scholars. The material is primarily gathered and cross-referenced from Roger R. Bilboul’s Restrospective Index to Theses of Great Britain and Ireland 1716-1950, the ASLIB Index, and the Institute of Historical Research of the University of London. Each entry comprises Surname, Thesis Title (truncated for length where necessary), Degree Awarded, Awarding Institution, and Date. The database comprises 2500 entries, subdivided into twenty-five sections concerning:- the shipping business and all commercial/mercantile aspects of operation; exploration, cartography, and navigation; shipping and shipbuilding technologies; docks and harbours; maritime labour; maritime medical issues; naval history, piracy, privateering; international relations; maritime law; pollution and the maritime environment; fishing; sea-port communities; culture, literature, and art; maritime economics; marine architecture; coastal planning; tourism; and off-shore oil. The sections are further subdivided by location, and a geographical index is included for ease of reference. The author assures that the majority of theses are readily accessible.
Daniel C. O'Neill
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9789888455966
- eISBN:
- 9789888455461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888455966.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter first provides an overview of the history of Sino-Philippine relations, noting the strong improvement during Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s term as president from 2001-2010. It uses each ...
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This chapter first provides an overview of the history of Sino-Philippine relations, noting the strong improvement during Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s term as president from 2001-2010. It uses each president’s annual State of the Nation Address (SONA) as well as data on the number of state visits to and from China to illustrate the relative strength of these relations over time. The chapter then provides evidence that, despite much closer relations with the Arroyo administration, major investments from China agreed to by Arroyo were halted due to strong domestic opposition. Given the Philippine’s relatively democratic institutions, opposition in the courts, the legislature, the media, and civil society was able to force the administration to halt these Chinese projects and end efforts at cooperation between the two governments in the South China Sea. The chapter also presents the Philippines case against Chinese claims and activities in the South China Sea before the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague, which the Philippines instituted partially due to the inability of ASEAN to act collectively regarding the disputes. It concludes by noting efforts of Rodrigo Duterte’s administration to improve relations with China but suggests that these too may be hampered by domestic political opposition.Less
This chapter first provides an overview of the history of Sino-Philippine relations, noting the strong improvement during Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s term as president from 2001-2010. It uses each president’s annual State of the Nation Address (SONA) as well as data on the number of state visits to and from China to illustrate the relative strength of these relations over time. The chapter then provides evidence that, despite much closer relations with the Arroyo administration, major investments from China agreed to by Arroyo were halted due to strong domestic opposition. Given the Philippine’s relatively democratic institutions, opposition in the courts, the legislature, the media, and civil society was able to force the administration to halt these Chinese projects and end efforts at cooperation between the two governments in the South China Sea. The chapter also presents the Philippines case against Chinese claims and activities in the South China Sea before the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague, which the Philippines instituted partially due to the inability of ASEAN to act collectively regarding the disputes. It concludes by noting efforts of Rodrigo Duterte’s administration to improve relations with China but suggests that these too may be hampered by domestic political opposition.
Jane Maienschein
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226672762
- eISBN:
- 9780226673097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226673097.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Biologists have travelled to the seashore since the mid nineteenth century, for a number of different reasons that have changed over time. Throughout, the diversity of organisms and the opportunities ...
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Biologists have travelled to the seashore since the mid nineteenth century, for a number of different reasons that have changed over time. Throughout, the diversity of organisms and the opportunities for interacting with both nature and naturalists has lured researchers and students. This chapter provides a reminder of reasons why biologists have studied at the seashore in different times and places. It then focuses on the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, as an exemplar in its emphasis on integration of research and education, its search for independence guided by scientists, and its adaptation to changing demands while retaining its commitment to core values and thereby its unique character. The MBL provided a welcoming place for biologists to convene in the summers to carry out research in the laboratories or to attend or teach a course. They brought their families and returned, often over decades, and some began to stay year round. Research programs have evolved, centers have emerged, and the courses continue to train generations of excited new researchers. This chapter and this volume explore why biologists studied at the seashore and what difference their work there has made.Less
Biologists have travelled to the seashore since the mid nineteenth century, for a number of different reasons that have changed over time. Throughout, the diversity of organisms and the opportunities for interacting with both nature and naturalists has lured researchers and students. This chapter provides a reminder of reasons why biologists have studied at the seashore in different times and places. It then focuses on the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, as an exemplar in its emphasis on integration of research and education, its search for independence guided by scientists, and its adaptation to changing demands while retaining its commitment to core values and thereby its unique character. The MBL provided a welcoming place for biologists to convene in the summers to carry out research in the laboratories or to attend or teach a course. They brought their families and returned, often over decades, and some began to stay year round. Research programs have evolved, centers have emerged, and the courses continue to train generations of excited new researchers. This chapter and this volume explore why biologists studied at the seashore and what difference their work there has made.
Christiane Groeben
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226672762
- eISBN:
- 9780226673097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226673097.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
The German zoologist Anton Dohrn (1840-1909) belonged to the beach to bench generation. He had absorbed and experienced the discomfort of his teacher’s (Ernst Haeckel) generation in getting research ...
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The German zoologist Anton Dohrn (1840-1909) belonged to the beach to bench generation. He had absorbed and experienced the discomfort of his teacher’s (Ernst Haeckel) generation in getting research material from the beach to the bench. Seven years after Dohrn’s first contact with marine fauna at Helgoland (1865) the foundations of a zoological station were laid in Naples (1872). An unusual variety of personal and academic experiences and encounters, of inspirations, roadblocks and opportunities helped Dohrn to shape his initial idea of a modest research facility open to travelling scientists in Messina into a solid research infrastructure in Naples-soon recognized as a model of its kind. The interaction of scientific, personal and cultural factors usually made a research stay at the Naples Station a very special experience for scientists coming from many national, scientific and cultural backgrounds. The abundance of live research material and the improvement of research methods were two essential requirements for finding convincing answers about biodiversity and the origin and processes of life. Hence, the need to be close to the sea and to rely on a host such as Anton Dohrn capable to make the institution function like an independent organism.Less
The German zoologist Anton Dohrn (1840-1909) belonged to the beach to bench generation. He had absorbed and experienced the discomfort of his teacher’s (Ernst Haeckel) generation in getting research material from the beach to the bench. Seven years after Dohrn’s first contact with marine fauna at Helgoland (1865) the foundations of a zoological station were laid in Naples (1872). An unusual variety of personal and academic experiences and encounters, of inspirations, roadblocks and opportunities helped Dohrn to shape his initial idea of a modest research facility open to travelling scientists in Messina into a solid research infrastructure in Naples-soon recognized as a model of its kind. The interaction of scientific, personal and cultural factors usually made a research stay at the Naples Station a very special experience for scientists coming from many national, scientific and cultural backgrounds. The abundance of live research material and the improvement of research methods were two essential requirements for finding convincing answers about biodiversity and the origin and processes of life. Hence, the need to be close to the sea and to rely on a host such as Anton Dohrn capable to make the institution function like an independent organism.
