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Juan Bautista Sancho: Tracing the Mallorcan Connection

Craig H. Russell

in From Serra to Sancho: Music and Pageantry in the California Missions

Among the friars, few rival Juan Bautista Sancho (1772?–1830) in musical expertise. This chapter maps out Sancho's family tree and his early life in Artà, Mallorca. It explores his development as a ... More

Among the friars, few rival Juan Bautista Sancho (1772?–1830) in musical expertise. This chapter maps out Sancho's family tree and his early life in Artà, Mallorca. It explores his development as a Franciscan, including his musical accomplishments as music director at the Convent de Sant Francesc in Palma de Mallorca. Sancho and his best friend, Pedro Cabot, left for Mexico in 1803 to continue their missionary training and arrived in California in 1804. Sancho translated sacred texts into local indigenous languages. After the Mexican War of Independence, Sancho refused to swear allegiance to the new government but instead remained loyal to King Fernando VII. While at the San Antonio Mission, Sancho and the neophyte population created a flourishing community. They developed a magnificent orchestra and choir, capable of playing music in the Classical, or galant, style. Sancho's Credo Artanense and Misa en sol (Mass in G) are explored in detail.Less

Feeding Bodies and Souls: Kairos Prison Ministry International

Kristy Nabhan-Warren

in The Cursillo Movement in America: Catholics, Protestants, and Fourth-Day Spirituality

This chapter discusses Kairos Prison Ministry International (KPMI), which was founded in Florida in 1976 by Catholic cursillista and attorney Tom Johnson. It is currently active in thirty-three U.S. ... More

This chapter discusses Kairos Prison Ministry International (KPMI), which was founded in Florida in 1976 by Catholic cursillista and attorney Tom Johnson. It is currently active in thirty-three U.S. states, as well as in Australia, Canada, Costa Rica, and South Africa. According to John Thompson, Kairos's executive director from July 2001 to April 2012, 250,000 incarcerated men and women had been through a KI weekend in 350 KPMI communities. As of December 2012, there were 400 active KPMI communities in 32 U.S. states and 50 international communities in 9 other countries. Each year, 25,000 inmates and family members in the United States and abroad experience a KI or Kairos Outside (KO) weekend. The KI weekends, retreats held inside medium- to maximum-security prisons, last from Thursday to Sunday evening and are based on the Catholic Cursillo de Cristiandad method that originated in Mallorca in 1944 and came to the United States in 1957.Less

Baedeker and Beyond: Tourism and Colonialism

Kirsty Hooper

in The Edwardians and the Making of a Modern Spanish Obsession

Explores the emergence of mass tourism to Spain during the late Victorian and Edwardian period, and its intersection with British quasi-colonial infrastructure-building in the country. Considers the ... More

Explores the emergence of mass tourism to Spain during the late Victorian and Edwardian period, and its intersection with British quasi-colonial infrastructure-building in the country. Considers the transformation in tourist guidebooks in the wake of the first Baedeker guide to Spain in 1898, and the emergence of an discourse of ‘anti-tourism’. Explores the proactive role of Spanish regional tourism associations in expanding British imagined geographies of Spain.Less

Junípero Serra: New Contexts and Emerging Interpretations

Steven W. Hackel

in Worlds of Junipero Serra: Historical Contexts and Cultural Representations

In the Introduction to the book, editor Steven W. Hackel provides an overview of the volume, a discussion of the themes and arguments pursued in the individual chapters, and the events surrounding ... More

In the Introduction to the book, editor Steven W. Hackel provides an overview of the volume, a discussion of the themes and arguments pursued in the individual chapters, and the events surrounding the canonization of Junípero Serra in 2015. Less

Junípero Serra’s Mallorcan Origins

José Juan Vidal

in Worlds of Junipero Serra: Historical Contexts and Cultural Representations

As Josep Juan Vidals demonstrates, Serra’s formative years were influenced by the imposition in Mallorca of the Castilian language and Bourbon institutions in the wake of Philip Vs victory over the ... More

As Josep Juan Vidals demonstrates, Serra’s formative years were influenced by the imposition in Mallorca of the Castilian language and Bourbon institutions in the wake of Philip Vs victory over the Habsburg’s in the Spanish War of Succession. The Mallorca of Serra’s youth and early adulthood was one that experienced cultural change and grinding poverty in the wake of the collapse of Habsburg rule. Nevertheless, communal life—as in Petra—and institutions—such as the Catholic Church—provided stability and structure.Less

Inside the Cloister: Exploring the Life of Fray Junípero Serra in the College of San Fernando

David Rex Galindo

in Worlds of Junipero Serra: Historical Contexts and Cultural Representations

As David Rex Galindo shows in Chapter 5, by 1750 the College of San Fernando, which recruited Serra to New Spain and oversaw the missions of California, was an institution with a rich institutional ... More

As David Rex Galindo shows in Chapter 5, by 1750 the College of San Fernando, which recruited Serra to New Spain and oversaw the missions of California, was an institution with a rich institutional life and a large contingent of Spanish friars. Rex Galindo’s careful study of the records of the college yields insight into Serra’s place atop the college hierarchy and the ways in which a regimented daily schedule was intended to impart among missionaries the discipline they needed for life in the field. Less

The Public Consumption of Junípero Serra

Michael K. Komanecky

in Worlds of Junipero Serra: Historical Contexts and Cultural Representations

As Michael Komanecky reveals in Chapter 12, Serra’s notoriety was embodied and spread through a proliferation of largely laudatory images. Public representations of Serra and Spanish culture ... More

As Michael Komanecky reveals in Chapter 12, Serra’s notoriety was embodied and spread through a proliferation of largely laudatory images. Public representations of Serra and Spanish culture abounded after the late 19th century with the most notable examples being Bierstadt’s monumental landscape of the Spanish landing in Monterey that now hangs in the grand stairwell of the East Front of the Capital, McGroarty’s “Mission Play” that played before millions in San Gabriel, and the monumental statue of Serra placed in the U.S. Statuary Hall in 1931. Less

The Stain of Spain in Some of Stein

in Empire on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown

When Gertrude Stein wrote ‘What is Spain’ in ‘Lifting Belly’, she stated ‘declarative question’ and developed a new grammatical trope that poses a question and states a fact at the same time. Stein ... More

When Gertrude Stein wrote ‘What is Spain’ in ‘Lifting Belly’, she stated ‘declarative question’ and developed a new grammatical trope that poses a question and states a fact at the same time. Stein started writing ‘Lifting Belly’ in Mallorca in 1915, and completed it in 1917. ‘Lifting Belly’ was a text about a specific kind of sexual relationship, in a specific time and place, in contexts of national war and domestic peace. ‘What is Spain’ stated the physical mystery that ‘In the midst of writing there is merriment’. Spain in ‘Lifting Belly’ built a plan of allusion that represents an unmerged simultaneity of erotic, political and aesthetic meaning. Like ‘Lifting Belly’, St. Teresa and Avila made new ways of remaking love and war.Less