Alan Graham
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226544151
- eISBN:
- 9780226544328
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226544328.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
The New World has been connected to and separated from distant lands by five land bridges that during the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic periodically served as barriers and pathways for migration: the ...
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The New World has been connected to and separated from distant lands by five land bridges that during the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic periodically served as barriers and pathways for migration: the Bering Land Bridge, the North Atlantic Land Bridge, the Antillean Land Bridge, the Central American Land Bridge, and the Magellan Land Bridge. New World land bridges constitute an important means whereby organisms interchanged and separated from those of adjacent lands explaining some widespread similarities and disjunct distributions (e.g., between eastern Asia and eastern North America). Other factors in addition to physiographic and climatic conditions through time include former (early) positions of continents, edaphic features of the target and source areas, pathogens, pollinators, and the distribution potential of the propagules allowing for dispersal over, around, and through the connections (e.g., by birds, migrating land animals, wind, and marine currents). Understanding the complexity of past and present distributions (e.g., of plants) requires a comprehensive array of methods with results interpreted within the broadest context of geological, climatological, and biological (faunal) information for adequate explanation.Less
The New World has been connected to and separated from distant lands by five land bridges that during the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic periodically served as barriers and pathways for migration: the Bering Land Bridge, the North Atlantic Land Bridge, the Antillean Land Bridge, the Central American Land Bridge, and the Magellan Land Bridge. New World land bridges constitute an important means whereby organisms interchanged and separated from those of adjacent lands explaining some widespread similarities and disjunct distributions (e.g., between eastern Asia and eastern North America). Other factors in addition to physiographic and climatic conditions through time include former (early) positions of continents, edaphic features of the target and source areas, pathogens, pollinators, and the distribution potential of the propagules allowing for dispersal over, around, and through the connections (e.g., by birds, migrating land animals, wind, and marine currents). Understanding the complexity of past and present distributions (e.g., of plants) requires a comprehensive array of methods with results interpreted within the broadest context of geological, climatological, and biological (faunal) information for adequate explanation.
Harry Kelsey
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300217780
- eISBN:
- 9780300220865
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300217780.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Prior histories of the first Spanish mariners to circumnavigate the globe in the sixteenth century have focused on Ferdinand Magellan and the other illustrious leaders of these daring expeditions. ...
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Prior histories of the first Spanish mariners to circumnavigate the globe in the sixteenth century have focused on Ferdinand Magellan and the other illustrious leaders of these daring expeditions. This book is the first to concentrate on the hitherto anonymous sailors, slaves, adventurers, and soldiers who manned the ships. The book contends that these initial transglobal voyages occurred by chance, beginning with the launch of Magellan's armada in 1519, when the crews dispatched by the king of Spain to claim the Spice Islands in the western Pacific were forced to seek a longer way home, resulting in bitter confrontations with rival Portuguese. The book's enthralling history, based on more than thirty years of research in European and American archives, offers fascinating stories of treachery, greed, murder, desertion, sickness, and starvation but also of courage, dogged persistence, leadership, and loyalty.Less
Prior histories of the first Spanish mariners to circumnavigate the globe in the sixteenth century have focused on Ferdinand Magellan and the other illustrious leaders of these daring expeditions. This book is the first to concentrate on the hitherto anonymous sailors, slaves, adventurers, and soldiers who manned the ships. The book contends that these initial transglobal voyages occurred by chance, beginning with the launch of Magellan's armada in 1519, when the crews dispatched by the king of Spain to claim the Spice Islands in the western Pacific were forced to seek a longer way home, resulting in bitter confrontations with rival Portuguese. The book's enthralling history, based on more than thirty years of research in European and American archives, offers fascinating stories of treachery, greed, murder, desertion, sickness, and starvation but also of courage, dogged persistence, leadership, and loyalty.
Robert F. Rogers
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824833343
- eISBN:
- 9780824870287
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824833343.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This revised edition of the standard history of Guam is intended for general readers and students of the history, politics, and government of the Pacific region. Its narrative spans more than 450 ...
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This revised edition of the standard history of Guam is intended for general readers and students of the history, politics, and government of the Pacific region. Its narrative spans more than 450 years, beginning with the initial written records of Guam by members of Magellan 1521 expedition and concluding with the impact of the recent global recession on Guam’s fragile economy. The book presents a historical and geographical overview of Guam and its significance in international affairs. It remains one of the world’s last colonies and continues to fulfill the geopolitical role imposed on it by outsiders centuries ago. The book looks into Guam’s current political situation and claims that the country is a special case of colonialism that will go on for years in a postcolonial world unless a compromise is reached that meets the needs of all sides to end the colonial status of the island. Currently, Guam’s economic viability remains dependent on its strategic location and its enduring military value.Less
This revised edition of the standard history of Guam is intended for general readers and students of the history, politics, and government of the Pacific region. Its narrative spans more than 450 years, beginning with the initial written records of Guam by members of Magellan 1521 expedition and concluding with the impact of the recent global recession on Guam’s fragile economy. The book presents a historical and geographical overview of Guam and its significance in international affairs. It remains one of the world’s last colonies and continues to fulfill the geopolitical role imposed on it by outsiders centuries ago. The book looks into Guam’s current political situation and claims that the country is a special case of colonialism that will go on for years in a postcolonial world unless a compromise is reached that meets the needs of all sides to end the colonial status of the island. Currently, Guam’s economic viability remains dependent on its strategic location and its enduring military value.
Eric Hayot
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199926695
- eISBN:
- 9780199980499
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199926695.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter discusses two significant events which are most literally relevant to world-making. These are, first, the series of cosmological and geographical revolutions leading from Ptolemy through ...
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This chapter discusses two significant events which are most literally relevant to world-making. These are, first, the series of cosmological and geographical revolutions leading from Ptolemy through Copernicus (On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres, 1543) to Galileo and Newton; second, the circumnavigation of the planet and the European discovery of the Americas, hermetically figured by Magellan (who did not complete his voyage, which ended in 1522) and Christopher Columbus. In subsequent imaginaries, the two events are readily conjoined.Less
This chapter discusses two significant events which are most literally relevant to world-making. These are, first, the series of cosmological and geographical revolutions leading from Ptolemy through Copernicus (On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres, 1543) to Galileo and Newton; second, the circumnavigation of the planet and the European discovery of the Americas, hermetically figured by Magellan (who did not complete his voyage, which ended in 1522) and Christopher Columbus. In subsequent imaginaries, the two events are readily conjoined.
James Lockhart
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474435611
- eISBN:
- 9781474465243
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474435611.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter assesses Chile's emergence as a modern nation in the early nineteenth century. It describes its evolution into an influential power in southern South America, aligned with liberals in ...
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This chapter assesses Chile's emergence as a modern nation in the early nineteenth century. It describes its evolution into an influential power in southern South America, aligned with liberals in Latin America, the United States, and Europe in at the end of that century. It introduces Chileans as internationalists involved in the construction of modern Latin America and the inter-American and transatlantic communities.Less
This chapter assesses Chile's emergence as a modern nation in the early nineteenth century. It describes its evolution into an influential power in southern South America, aligned with liberals in Latin America, the United States, and Europe in at the end of that century. It introduces Chileans as internationalists involved in the construction of modern Latin America and the inter-American and transatlantic communities.
Ricardo Padrón
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780226455679
- eISBN:
- 9780226689623
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226689623.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
Magellan’s discovery that the distance from the New World to the Spice Islands was much greater than anyone had expected it to be is often identified as a crucial turning point in the ongoing ...
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Magellan’s discovery that the distance from the New World to the Spice Islands was much greater than anyone had expected it to be is often identified as a crucial turning point in the ongoing invention of America as a continent separate and different from Asia. This chapter examines how Antonio Pigafetta’s narrative of the first circumnavigation of the Earth invented the Pacific as a vast, empty space that separated America from Asia, and how the Spanish crown responded to Magellan’s invention with ideologically-charged maps and narratives that minimized the potential implications posed by the breadth of the South Sea (i.e., the Pacific) for physical and human geography, as well as for the perceived viability of transpacific imperialism on the part of Spain. These narratives nevertheless reveal some of the anxieties at work in this imperfect effort to contain the broad Pacific within the narrow confines of a largely imaginary South Sea.Less
Magellan’s discovery that the distance from the New World to the Spice Islands was much greater than anyone had expected it to be is often identified as a crucial turning point in the ongoing invention of America as a continent separate and different from Asia. This chapter examines how Antonio Pigafetta’s narrative of the first circumnavigation of the Earth invented the Pacific as a vast, empty space that separated America from Asia, and how the Spanish crown responded to Magellan’s invention with ideologically-charged maps and narratives that minimized the potential implications posed by the breadth of the South Sea (i.e., the Pacific) for physical and human geography, as well as for the perceived viability of transpacific imperialism on the part of Spain. These narratives nevertheless reveal some of the anxieties at work in this imperfect effort to contain the broad Pacific within the narrow confines of a largely imaginary South Sea.
Peter J. Westwick
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300110753
- eISBN:
- 9780300134582
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300110753.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
In the decades since the mid-1970s, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, has led the quest to explore the farthest reaches of the solar system. JPL spacecraft, including the ...
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In the decades since the mid-1970s, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, has led the quest to explore the farthest reaches of the solar system. JPL spacecraft, including the Voyager, Magellan, Galileo, and the Mars rovers, have brought the planets into close view. JPL satellites and instruments also shed new light on the structure and dynamics of earth itself, while their orbiting observatories opened new vistas on the cosmos. This book recounts the extraordinary story of the lab's accomplishments, failures, and evolution from 1976 to the present day. This history of JPL encompasses far more than the story of the events and individuals that have shaped the institution. It also engages wider questions about relations between civilian and military space programs, the place of science and technology in American politics, and the impact of the work at JPL on the way we imagine the place of humankind in the universe.Less
In the decades since the mid-1970s, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, has led the quest to explore the farthest reaches of the solar system. JPL spacecraft, including the Voyager, Magellan, Galileo, and the Mars rovers, have brought the planets into close view. JPL satellites and instruments also shed new light on the structure and dynamics of earth itself, while their orbiting observatories opened new vistas on the cosmos. This book recounts the extraordinary story of the lab's accomplishments, failures, and evolution from 1976 to the present day. This history of JPL encompasses far more than the story of the events and individuals that have shaped the institution. It also engages wider questions about relations between civilian and military space programs, the place of science and technology in American politics, and the impact of the work at JPL on the way we imagine the place of humankind in the universe.
Peter J. Westwick
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300110753
- eISBN:
- 9780300134582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300110753.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter shows that despite the failure of the SSEC plan—the bloated Mars Observer, the deferral of Mariner Mark II—the decade of the 1980s closed on a generally upbeat note. The optimism of ...
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This chapter shows that despite the failure of the SSEC plan—the bloated Mars Observer, the deferral of Mariner Mark II—the decade of the 1980s closed on a generally upbeat note. The optimism of 1985, dashed by Challenger, returned. Mars Observer and CRAF/Cassini, although expanding beyond austerity, were still under way. Voyager meanwhile continued to sustain the lab with encounters with Uranus in 1986 and Neptune in 1989, and together with Galileo and Magellan it combined to restore confidence at JPL. Amid the drought in planetary launches, the main sustenance for planetary scientists in this period came from Voyager 2's encounters at Uranus and Neptune, which extended Voyager's triumphal tour of the outer solar system. The encounters, however, did not simply entail sitting back and waiting for the spacecraft to get there but required much new work.Less
This chapter shows that despite the failure of the SSEC plan—the bloated Mars Observer, the deferral of Mariner Mark II—the decade of the 1980s closed on a generally upbeat note. The optimism of 1985, dashed by Challenger, returned. Mars Observer and CRAF/Cassini, although expanding beyond austerity, were still under way. Voyager meanwhile continued to sustain the lab with encounters with Uranus in 1986 and Neptune in 1989, and together with Galileo and Magellan it combined to restore confidence at JPL. Amid the drought in planetary launches, the main sustenance for planetary scientists in this period came from Voyager 2's encounters at Uranus and Neptune, which extended Voyager's triumphal tour of the outer solar system. The encounters, however, did not simply entail sitting back and waiting for the spacecraft to get there but required much new work.
Harry Kelsey
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300217780
- eISBN:
- 9780300220865
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300217780.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter details the voyage of Ferdinand Magellan, arguably the first man to circumnavigate the globe. In 1518, Magellan was appointed by Spain's King Charles to command a fleet of five ships for ...
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This chapter details the voyage of Ferdinand Magellan, arguably the first man to circumnavigate the globe. In 1518, Magellan was appointed by Spain's King Charles to command a fleet of five ships for a journey to the Spice Islands. The voyage itself was fraught with problems including mutinies, desertions, and deaths of captains and crew alike, which eventually reduced the fleet to three ships. On November 28, 1520, after weeks of searching, Magellan finally reached the channel that would lead to the Pacific Ocean. On April 7, 1521, the fleet reached Cebu where Magellan developed a cordial relationship with local king, Humabon. The ruler, his family, and most of the people in Cebu later converted to Christianity. Pleased with his success as a missionary, Magellan decided to establish a trading station on Cebu and to make all the local chieftains accept Humabon as their sovereign. One who refused was the chief of Lapulapu on Mactan Island. On the morning of April 27, 1521, Magellan took sixty men to subdue what he thought would be a poorly defended village. Instead, he found his small force battling a huge body of men, armed with spears and poisoned arrows. Magellan was killed, as were half a dozen others.Less
This chapter details the voyage of Ferdinand Magellan, arguably the first man to circumnavigate the globe. In 1518, Magellan was appointed by Spain's King Charles to command a fleet of five ships for a journey to the Spice Islands. The voyage itself was fraught with problems including mutinies, desertions, and deaths of captains and crew alike, which eventually reduced the fleet to three ships. On November 28, 1520, after weeks of searching, Magellan finally reached the channel that would lead to the Pacific Ocean. On April 7, 1521, the fleet reached Cebu where Magellan developed a cordial relationship with local king, Humabon. The ruler, his family, and most of the people in Cebu later converted to Christianity. Pleased with his success as a missionary, Magellan decided to establish a trading station on Cebu and to make all the local chieftains accept Humabon as their sovereign. One who refused was the chief of Lapulapu on Mactan Island. On the morning of April 27, 1521, Magellan took sixty men to subdue what he thought would be a poorly defended village. Instead, he found his small force battling a huge body of men, armed with spears and poisoned arrows. Magellan was killed, as were half a dozen others.
Robert F. Rogers
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824833343
- eISBN:
- 9780824870287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824833343.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This chapter describes the initial contact between the Europeans and the indigenous peoples of the Mariana Islands. It begins with Magellan’s 1521 encounter with the islanders, which would set a ...
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This chapter describes the initial contact between the Europeans and the indigenous peoples of the Mariana Islands. It begins with Magellan’s 1521 encounter with the islanders, which would set a precedent that became a tragic pattern in later Spanish–Chamorro relations. The great cultural differences in the values and behavior of the two sides led repeatedly to hostility and armed conflict. At the same time tensions arose between Spain and Portugal over a dispute regarding access to the Moluccas, setting off a wave of European explorers into the far Pacific and an age of exploration and conquest that would extend itself to Magellan’s final destination—the Philippines.Less
This chapter describes the initial contact between the Europeans and the indigenous peoples of the Mariana Islands. It begins with Magellan’s 1521 encounter with the islanders, which would set a precedent that became a tragic pattern in later Spanish–Chamorro relations. The great cultural differences in the values and behavior of the two sides led repeatedly to hostility and armed conflict. At the same time tensions arose between Spain and Portugal over a dispute regarding access to the Moluccas, setting off a wave of European explorers into the far Pacific and an age of exploration and conquest that would extend itself to Magellan’s final destination—the Philippines.
Robert F. Rogers
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824833343
- eISBN:
- 9780824870287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824833343.003.0018
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This introductory chapter presents a historical and geographical overview of Guam and its enduring significance in international affairs. Even in the twenty-first century, Americanized, modern, ...
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This introductory chapter presents a historical and geographical overview of Guam and its enduring significance in international affairs. Even in the twenty-first century, Americanized, modern, multiethnic, and still one of the world’s last colonies, Guam continues to fulfill the geopolitical role imposed on it by outsiders centuries ago. In place of Spanish galleons, Guam now serves international airlines, nuclear-powered submarines, space satellites, and all the other creations of modern humans that have followed for good or bad in Magellan’s momentous wake. From here the rest of the chapter discusses the routes Magellan had taken in his voyage which would eventually land him in Guam.Less
This introductory chapter presents a historical and geographical overview of Guam and its enduring significance in international affairs. Even in the twenty-first century, Americanized, modern, multiethnic, and still one of the world’s last colonies, Guam continues to fulfill the geopolitical role imposed on it by outsiders centuries ago. In place of Spanish galleons, Guam now serves international airlines, nuclear-powered submarines, space satellites, and all the other creations of modern humans that have followed for good or bad in Magellan’s momentous wake. From here the rest of the chapter discusses the routes Magellan had taken in his voyage which would eventually land him in Guam.
Doloris Coulter Cogan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824830892
- eISBN:
- 9780824869212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824830892.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This chapter describes the geography, history, and culture of Guam. Guam is the southernmost and largest of the fifteen islands in the Marianas archipelago. With 209 square miles of landmass, Guam ...
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This chapter describes the geography, history, and culture of Guam. Guam is the southernmost and largest of the fifteen islands in the Marianas archipelago. With 209 square miles of landmass, Guam constitutes 20 percent of the entire dry land of Micronesia and is the most useful for shipping, communications, and military purposes. Guam's first contact with the West occurred in March 1521 when Ferdinand Magellan and his crew spotted land that would later come to be known as Rota and Guam. It was almost 150 years after the arrival of Magellan that Spain laid claim to the Mariana Islands in 1665; serious colonizing began in 1668. On August 12, 1898, a protocol was signed Spain agreed to give up Cuba, cede Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States, and permit the United States to occupy the city, bay, and harbor at Manila pending a peace treaty to determine the control, disposition, and government of the Philippines.Less
This chapter describes the geography, history, and culture of Guam. Guam is the southernmost and largest of the fifteen islands in the Marianas archipelago. With 209 square miles of landmass, Guam constitutes 20 percent of the entire dry land of Micronesia and is the most useful for shipping, communications, and military purposes. Guam's first contact with the West occurred in March 1521 when Ferdinand Magellan and his crew spotted land that would later come to be known as Rota and Guam. It was almost 150 years after the arrival of Magellan that Spain laid claim to the Mariana Islands in 1665; serious colonizing began in 1668. On August 12, 1898, a protocol was signed Spain agreed to give up Cuba, cede Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States, and permit the United States to occupy the city, bay, and harbor at Manila pending a peace treaty to determine the control, disposition, and government of the Philippines.
Christina H. Lee
- Published in print:
- 2022
- Published Online:
- October 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190916145
- eISBN:
- 9780190916176
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190916145.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
Santo Niño de Cebu is one of the most revered saints in the Philippines and draws tens of thousands of devotees during his fiestas, like few others. Santo Niño’s origins and cult formation can be ...
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Santo Niño de Cebu is one of the most revered saints in the Philippines and draws tens of thousands of devotees during his fiestas, like few others. Santo Niño’s origins and cult formation can be traced to the very first instances of the Spanish conquest. This chapter analyzes the documentary genealogy of the colonial discourse that figures Santo Niño as the symbol for the predestined Christianization of the Philippines and tracks the rise of a native counter-narrative at the end of the sixteenth century that denies his Spanish origins. Its argues that for the Cebuano subjects, as well as other natives of the colonized Philippines, to speak of the pre-Hispanic origins of Santo Niño could have been a means to maintain their own collective memory of the material and spiritual pillage that arose with the Spanish conquest.Less
Santo Niño de Cebu is one of the most revered saints in the Philippines and draws tens of thousands of devotees during his fiestas, like few others. Santo Niño’s origins and cult formation can be traced to the very first instances of the Spanish conquest. This chapter analyzes the documentary genealogy of the colonial discourse that figures Santo Niño as the symbol for the predestined Christianization of the Philippines and tracks the rise of a native counter-narrative at the end of the sixteenth century that denies his Spanish origins. Its argues that for the Cebuano subjects, as well as other natives of the colonized Philippines, to speak of the pre-Hispanic origins of Santo Niño could have been a means to maintain their own collective memory of the material and spiritual pillage that arose with the Spanish conquest.
Heather Dalton
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199672059
- eISBN:
- 9780191773747
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199672059.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
The chapter begins in December 1524 when Sebastian Cabot, Robert Thorne, and five Genoese merchants agreed to raise funds to finance a voyage—to send a fleet to the Moluccas. The group were keen to ...
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The chapter begins in December 1524 when Sebastian Cabot, Robert Thorne, and five Genoese merchants agreed to raise funds to finance a voyage—to send a fleet to the Moluccas. The group were keen to find a passage to the source of spice that was easier and faster than Magellan’s route. The voyage exemplified how entangled Atlantic history can be. Although the voyage had the support of the Spanish Crown, it was initiated by a Genoese and English consortium and relied on funds, expertise, and labour from around Europe. The chapter examines the conflicting agendas that hampered the voyage from the beginning and looks at how Roger Barlow, the supercargo on the flagship, prepared. It charts the path of the fleet from April to June 1526; from when the four ships left San Lucar, stopping in the Canary Islands before crossing the Atlantic, and reaching Pernambuco on the Brazilian coast.Less
The chapter begins in December 1524 when Sebastian Cabot, Robert Thorne, and five Genoese merchants agreed to raise funds to finance a voyage—to send a fleet to the Moluccas. The group were keen to find a passage to the source of spice that was easier and faster than Magellan’s route. The voyage exemplified how entangled Atlantic history can be. Although the voyage had the support of the Spanish Crown, it was initiated by a Genoese and English consortium and relied on funds, expertise, and labour from around Europe. The chapter examines the conflicting agendas that hampered the voyage from the beginning and looks at how Roger Barlow, the supercargo on the flagship, prepared. It charts the path of the fleet from April to June 1526; from when the four ships left San Lucar, stopping in the Canary Islands before crossing the Atlantic, and reaching Pernambuco on the Brazilian coast.
Peter Swirski
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781781381205
- eISBN:
- 9781781382141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Discontinued
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381205.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
Accompanied by first-time sample translations from Lem’s first three novels: Man From Mars, The Astronauts, and The Magellan Nebula, this chapter systematically surveys the contents, themes, and ...
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Accompanied by first-time sample translations from Lem’s first three novels: Man From Mars, The Astronauts, and The Magellan Nebula, this chapter systematically surveys the contents, themes, and problematics of these virtually unknown books in an effort to bring them closer to English-speaking readers. Contextualizing their science fiction storylines and characters in terms of Stanislaw Lem’s entire oeuvre, it critically evaluates these pioneering novels in literary-stylistic as well as popular-scientific terms.Less
Accompanied by first-time sample translations from Lem’s first three novels: Man From Mars, The Astronauts, and The Magellan Nebula, this chapter systematically surveys the contents, themes, and problematics of these virtually unknown books in an effort to bring them closer to English-speaking readers. Contextualizing their science fiction storylines and characters in terms of Stanislaw Lem’s entire oeuvre, it critically evaluates these pioneering novels in literary-stylistic as well as popular-scientific terms.