Anne Stott
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199699391
- eISBN:
- 9780191739132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199699391.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The chapter contrasts the portrayal of Wilberforce in George Cruikshank’s caricature, Making Decent!’ with the drawing of the Wilberforces at Battersea Rise. It summarises the three marriages ...
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The chapter contrasts the portrayal of Wilberforce in George Cruikshank’s caricature, Making Decent!’ with the drawing of the Wilberforces at Battersea Rise. It summarises the three marriages described in the book, those of William and Barbara Wilberforce, Henry and Marianne Thornton, and Zachary and Selina Macaulay, pointing out their differences as well as their similarities. William Wilberforce’s death is seen to mark the passing of the great age of the Clapham sect, a fact lamented by Sir James Stephen, the first chronicler of the sect.Less
The chapter contrasts the portrayal of Wilberforce in George Cruikshank’s caricature, Making Decent!’ with the drawing of the Wilberforces at Battersea Rise. It summarises the three marriages described in the book, those of William and Barbara Wilberforce, Henry and Marianne Thornton, and Zachary and Selina Macaulay, pointing out their differences as well as their similarities. William Wilberforce’s death is seen to mark the passing of the great age of the Clapham sect, a fact lamented by Sir James Stephen, the first chronicler of the sect.
Terence Ball
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198279952
- eISBN:
- 9780191598753
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198279957.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Here, I re‐examine the sources of John Stuart Mill's feminist sympathies. After looking closely at two oft‐touted candidates—Jeremy Bentham and Harriet Taylor Mill—I conclude that neither played the ...
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Here, I re‐examine the sources of John Stuart Mill's feminist sympathies. After looking closely at two oft‐touted candidates—Jeremy Bentham and Harriet Taylor Mill—I conclude that neither played the role attributed to them by some modern feminists. A third and heretofore unsuspected thinker—namely his own father, James Mill—proves to be a much more plausible and probable source of the younger Mill's feminist views.Less
Here, I re‐examine the sources of John Stuart Mill's feminist sympathies. After looking closely at two oft‐touted candidates—Jeremy Bentham and Harriet Taylor Mill—I conclude that neither played the role attributed to them by some modern feminists. A third and heretofore unsuspected thinker—namely his own father, James Mill—proves to be a much more plausible and probable source of the younger Mill's feminist views.
William Bain
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199260263
- eISBN:
- 9780191600975
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199260265.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The idea of trusteeship in international society originates in late 18th century British India. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the emergence of trusteeship as a justification of political ...
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The idea of trusteeship in international society originates in late 18th century British India. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the emergence of trusteeship as a justification of political power in territories administered by the East India Company. The chapter has five sections: From Merchant to Sovereign in British India; The Claim to Rule; The Relations of Ruler and Subject; The Purpose of the Office of Government; and Providing Protection, Directing Improvement.Less
The idea of trusteeship in international society originates in late 18th century British India. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the emergence of trusteeship as a justification of political power in territories administered by the East India Company. The chapter has five sections: From Merchant to Sovereign in British India; The Claim to Rule; The Relations of Ruler and Subject; The Purpose of the Office of Government; and Providing Protection, Directing Improvement.
T. P. Wiseman
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199239764
- eISBN:
- 9780191716836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239764.003.0006
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
So much of our detailed knowledge of late-republican politics comes from Cicero that there is a constant danger of being over-influenced by Cicero's own political views. In order to counter that, ...
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So much of our detailed knowledge of late-republican politics comes from Cicero that there is a constant danger of being over-influenced by Cicero's own political views. In order to counter that, this chapter draws attention to the judgements made on Cicero's life and work by Thomas Babington Macaulay in his letters, his journals, and the margins of his books. Macaulay constantly re-read the classical authors, and his phenomenal memory gave him an unrivalled mastery of the literary sources for the ancient world; as an orator and a statesman as well, he was ideally placed to give an informed judgement on Cicero's politics. He was critical of Cicero's cultivation of the optimates after 63 BC, and what shocked him most was Cicero's praise of the men who killed the Gracchi, and his delight at the murder of Caesar.Less
So much of our detailed knowledge of late-republican politics comes from Cicero that there is a constant danger of being over-influenced by Cicero's own political views. In order to counter that, this chapter draws attention to the judgements made on Cicero's life and work by Thomas Babington Macaulay in his letters, his journals, and the margins of his books. Macaulay constantly re-read the classical authors, and his phenomenal memory gave him an unrivalled mastery of the literary sources for the ancient world; as an orator and a statesman as well, he was ideally placed to give an informed judgement on Cicero's politics. He was critical of Cicero's cultivation of the optimates after 63 BC, and what shocked him most was Cicero's praise of the men who killed the Gracchi, and his delight at the murder of Caesar.
Anne Stott
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199699391
- eISBN:
- 9780191739132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199699391.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter introduces the third part of the book. It opens with a discussion of the Clapham sect. Though much of the information is gained from the letters written by the women, especially Marianne ...
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This chapter introduces the third part of the book. It opens with a discussion of the Clapham sect. Though much of the information is gained from the letters written by the women, especially Marianne Sykes Thornton (Mrs Henry Thornton) it shown that the wives of the sect did not necessarily have much in common with each other. The death of the Thorntons’ baby in 1798 is used to illustrate the Evangelical theology of infant deaths. Other incidents described include the early life of James Stephen, his marriage to Wilberforce’s sister, Sarah, the marriage of Zachary Macaulay and Selina Mills, and Barbara Wilberforce’s dangerous illness while on holiday. The chapter ends with an account of the birth of Thomas Babington Macaulay.Less
This chapter introduces the third part of the book. It opens with a discussion of the Clapham sect. Though much of the information is gained from the letters written by the women, especially Marianne Sykes Thornton (Mrs Henry Thornton) it shown that the wives of the sect did not necessarily have much in common with each other. The death of the Thorntons’ baby in 1798 is used to illustrate the Evangelical theology of infant deaths. Other incidents described include the early life of James Stephen, his marriage to Wilberforce’s sister, Sarah, the marriage of Zachary Macaulay and Selina Mills, and Barbara Wilberforce’s dangerous illness while on holiday. The chapter ends with an account of the birth of Thomas Babington Macaulay.
Anne Stott
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199699391
- eISBN:
- 9780191739132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199699391.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The chapter contains anecdotes of the children of the Clapham sect. It relates Wilberforce’s move from Clapham to Kensington Gore. It describes the childhood of Marianne Thornton and moves on to a ...
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The chapter contains anecdotes of the children of the Clapham sect. It relates Wilberforce’s move from Clapham to Kensington Gore. It describes the childhood of Marianne Thornton and moves on to a more general account of the education of the Clapham girls. There is a discussion of the educational theories of the period, showing the influence of John Locke’s writings. The chapter points out the conflicts between Evangelical views of original sin and the influence of Enlightenment views of childhood. It is argued that in sending their sons away to school, Evangelical fathers unwittingly undermined their association of virtuous masculinity with domesticity. Thomas Babington Macaulay’s experiences at Maurice Preston’s school are described in some detail. There are analyses of William Wilberforce’s and Zachary Macaulay’s difficult relationships with their eldest sons.Less
The chapter contains anecdotes of the children of the Clapham sect. It relates Wilberforce’s move from Clapham to Kensington Gore. It describes the childhood of Marianne Thornton and moves on to a more general account of the education of the Clapham girls. There is a discussion of the educational theories of the period, showing the influence of John Locke’s writings. The chapter points out the conflicts between Evangelical views of original sin and the influence of Enlightenment views of childhood. It is argued that in sending their sons away to school, Evangelical fathers unwittingly undermined their association of virtuous masculinity with domesticity. Thomas Babington Macaulay’s experiences at Maurice Preston’s school are described in some detail. There are analyses of William Wilberforce’s and Zachary Macaulay’s difficult relationships with their eldest sons.
Herbert F. Tucker
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199232987
- eISBN:
- 9780191716447
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232987.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
This chapter proposes that the 1840s tendency to expatriate British epics to foreign parts reflected a postnationalist turn in the construction of British identity. Even heavy-duty royal heroes like ...
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This chapter proposes that the 1840s tendency to expatriate British epics to foreign parts reflected a postnationalist turn in the construction of British identity. Even heavy-duty royal heroes like Fitchett's Alfred and Bulwer-Lytton's Arthur evidently earn the crown by executing Continental, incipiently Eurasian tours that fill out their poems'plot. Epic work from this decade was typically built to travel light, as the surest way home to a readership that was getting used to global-commercial mobility. Maginn on Homer's grounds and Macaulay on Virgil's set up heroic figurines in balladic pastiche that simultaneously affirmed ancient values and enjoyed their supersession. Although Tennyson's poker-faced pentameters and Clough's hexametric honky-tonk played with epic norms, the poets were not trifling when it came to securing modern ideals through a reclamation of hierogamy as the salvation of the race.Less
This chapter proposes that the 1840s tendency to expatriate British epics to foreign parts reflected a postnationalist turn in the construction of British identity. Even heavy-duty royal heroes like Fitchett's Alfred and Bulwer-Lytton's Arthur evidently earn the crown by executing Continental, incipiently Eurasian tours that fill out their poems'plot. Epic work from this decade was typically built to travel light, as the surest way home to a readership that was getting used to global-commercial mobility. Maginn on Homer's grounds and Macaulay on Virgil's set up heroic figurines in balladic pastiche that simultaneously affirmed ancient values and enjoyed their supersession. Although Tennyson's poker-faced pentameters and Clough's hexametric honky-tonk played with epic norms, the poets were not trifling when it came to securing modern ideals through a reclamation of hierogamy as the salvation of the race.
Rama Sundari Mantena
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199584727
- eISBN:
- 9780191595301
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584727.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter examines the uses of classical scholarship in the conceptualization of Britain's Indian empire (1780–1890), as well as the influence of Britain's experiences in India for guiding and ...
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This chapter examines the uses of classical scholarship in the conceptualization of Britain's Indian empire (1780–1890), as well as the influence of Britain's experiences in India for guiding and shaping classical scholarship. In particular, it is concerned with British use of the historical past in the search for imperial legitimacy—especially their past in relation to Rome. Through an engagement with the writings of T. B. Macaulay, Charles Trevelyan, and J. R. Seeley, the chapter examines how classical models of empire, in particular the Roman model of empire, served as a template for the British to formulate a relationship with people of different cultures and societies that they encountered in India.Less
This chapter examines the uses of classical scholarship in the conceptualization of Britain's Indian empire (1780–1890), as well as the influence of Britain's experiences in India for guiding and shaping classical scholarship. In particular, it is concerned with British use of the historical past in the search for imperial legitimacy—especially their past in relation to Rome. Through an engagement with the writings of T. B. Macaulay, Charles Trevelyan, and J. R. Seeley, the chapter examines how classical models of empire, in particular the Roman model of empire, served as a template for the British to formulate a relationship with people of different cultures and societies that they encountered in India.
Anne Stott
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199274888
- eISBN:
- 9780191714962
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199274888.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter links Hannah More to her friends in the Evangelical Clapham Sect, notably William Wilberforce, Henry Thornton, Zachary Macaulay, and James Stephen. The foundation of the Church ...
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This chapter links Hannah More to her friends in the Evangelical Clapham Sect, notably William Wilberforce, Henry Thornton, Zachary Macaulay, and James Stephen. The foundation of the Church Missionary Society shows how the Clapham sect was involving itself in the spread of Christianity overseas. More was friendly with one of the Clapham sect wives, Marianne Thornton, née Sykes, but never became close to Barbara Wilberforce, née Spooner. She was for a while greatly distressed when her protégée, the Bristol schoolteacher, Selina Mills, became engaged to Zachary Macaulay, the governor of Sierra Leone. In 1798 the Cheap Repository was wound up, but not until William Cobbett had circulated them in Philadelphia.Less
This chapter links Hannah More to her friends in the Evangelical Clapham Sect, notably William Wilberforce, Henry Thornton, Zachary Macaulay, and James Stephen. The foundation of the Church Missionary Society shows how the Clapham sect was involving itself in the spread of Christianity overseas. More was friendly with one of the Clapham sect wives, Marianne Thornton, née Sykes, but never became close to Barbara Wilberforce, née Spooner. She was for a while greatly distressed when her protégée, the Bristol schoolteacher, Selina Mills, became engaged to Zachary Macaulay, the governor of Sierra Leone. In 1798 the Cheap Repository was wound up, but not until William Cobbett had circulated them in Philadelphia.
Glenn W. Most
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199588541
- eISBN:
- 9780191741845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588541.003.0020
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This concluding chapter reconsiders some of the main claims of the volume by emphasizing the importance of the ancient Romans for German and British Romanticism. It then surveys some of the reasons ...
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This concluding chapter reconsiders some of the main claims of the volume by emphasizing the importance of the ancient Romans for German and British Romanticism. It then surveys some of the reasons why subsequent scholarship and literature has tended to focus so much more on Romantic images of ancient Greece than on those of ancient Rome. From there, it illustrates the fascinating complicities, but also the tensions, between Rome and Romanticism by considering the examples of the Römische Geschichte of the German professor Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1776–1831) and the Lays of Ancient Rome by the English poet, historian, and politician Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800–59).Less
This concluding chapter reconsiders some of the main claims of the volume by emphasizing the importance of the ancient Romans for German and British Romanticism. It then surveys some of the reasons why subsequent scholarship and literature has tended to focus so much more on Romantic images of ancient Greece than on those of ancient Rome. From there, it illustrates the fascinating complicities, but also the tensions, between Rome and Romanticism by considering the examples of the Römische Geschichte of the German professor Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1776–1831) and the Lays of Ancient Rome by the English poet, historian, and politician Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800–59).
Paul Turner
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198122395
- eISBN:
- 9780191671401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198122395.003.0014
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter explores four notable authors: Thomas Babington Macaulay, Harriet Martineau, John Stuart Mill, and Samuel Butler. Macaulay’s computer-like mind gave his writings a tone of slightly ...
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This chapter explores four notable authors: Thomas Babington Macaulay, Harriet Martineau, John Stuart Mill, and Samuel Butler. Macaulay’s computer-like mind gave his writings a tone of slightly insensitive dogmatism, and encouraged a method of argument. He was thus ideally qualified for a legal or political career. Harriet Martineau worked against obstacles of poverty and chronic ill health that make Macaulay’s life seem relatively easy. Deaf from the age of fourteen, and left penniless at twenty-seven, she made herself one of the best-known authors in her period. For John Stuart Mill open-mindedness was a basic principle. His textbook of capitalist economics included arguments for socialism, his last sceptical essay on religion tolerated ‘simple Hope’ of an afterlife, and his feminist manifesto admitted the existence of domination. Samuel Butler was more than a satirist of Victorian conventions. He was also a kind of Democritus, a laughing philosopher, whose best ideas came from jocular reversals of the orthodox.Less
This chapter explores four notable authors: Thomas Babington Macaulay, Harriet Martineau, John Stuart Mill, and Samuel Butler. Macaulay’s computer-like mind gave his writings a tone of slightly insensitive dogmatism, and encouraged a method of argument. He was thus ideally qualified for a legal or political career. Harriet Martineau worked against obstacles of poverty and chronic ill health that make Macaulay’s life seem relatively easy. Deaf from the age of fourteen, and left penniless at twenty-seven, she made herself one of the best-known authors in her period. For John Stuart Mill open-mindedness was a basic principle. His textbook of capitalist economics included arguments for socialism, his last sceptical essay on religion tolerated ‘simple Hope’ of an afterlife, and his feminist manifesto admitted the existence of domination. Samuel Butler was more than a satirist of Victorian conventions. He was also a kind of Democritus, a laughing philosopher, whose best ideas came from jocular reversals of the orthodox.
Paul Turner
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198122395
- eISBN:
- 9780191671401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198122395.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
‘Reform, that you may preserve’, Thomas Babington Macaulay urged the House of Commons in 1831. The alternative was to ‘persist in a hopeless struggle against the spirit of the age’. John Stuart Mill ...
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‘Reform, that you may preserve’, Thomas Babington Macaulay urged the House of Commons in 1831. The alternative was to ‘persist in a hopeless struggle against the spirit of the age’. John Stuart Mill thought so too. His articles on ‘The Spirit of the Age’, published the same year, described the age as one of ‘transition’, in which ‘worldly power’ must cease to be monopolized by ‘the landed gentry, and the monied class’. Thirty years later another student of the Zeitgeist, Matthew Arnold, announced: ‘Democracy is trying to affirm its own essence; to live, to enjoy, to possess the world as aristocracy has tried, and successfully tried, before it’. The affirmation was most explicit in a series of Reform Acts, which enfranchised first the industrial middle class, then some working men in towns, and finally agricultural labourers, but democratic feeling was shown in many other ways, and drew strength from sources not purely political.Less
‘Reform, that you may preserve’, Thomas Babington Macaulay urged the House of Commons in 1831. The alternative was to ‘persist in a hopeless struggle against the spirit of the age’. John Stuart Mill thought so too. His articles on ‘The Spirit of the Age’, published the same year, described the age as one of ‘transition’, in which ‘worldly power’ must cease to be monopolized by ‘the landed gentry, and the monied class’. Thirty years later another student of the Zeitgeist, Matthew Arnold, announced: ‘Democracy is trying to affirm its own essence; to live, to enjoy, to possess the world as aristocracy has tried, and successfully tried, before it’. The affirmation was most explicit in a series of Reform Acts, which enfranchised first the industrial middle class, then some working men in towns, and finally agricultural labourers, but democratic feeling was shown in many other ways, and drew strength from sources not purely political.
William Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208648
- eISBN:
- 9780191678103
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208648.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Ideas
This is the story of one of the great literary rows of the 19th century, between one of its greatest historians and one of its sharpest critics. The quarrel began in the House of Commons during the ...
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This is the story of one of the great literary rows of the 19th century, between one of its greatest historians and one of its sharpest critics. The quarrel began in the House of Commons during the debates of 1831–2 on parliamentary reform and was continued in the quarterly reviews. Even in a political setting, it had a historical dimension. Croker taunted Macaulay for being ignorant of the French Revolution. Macaulay replied by pouring scorn on Croker's accuracy as editor of Boswell's Johnson. The bitterness of the clash made subsequent compromise impossible. Sixteen years later, Croker wrote a long damning review of the first two volumes of Macaulay's History of England. Posterity admires success, and as Macaulay's writings have eclipsed Croker's it has usually been assumed that Croker was moved by mere political spite. This book shows that this verdict is unfair, that Croker's political opinions were both less rancorous and more interesting, and that Macaulay's own scholarship was far from faultless. It also considers each man's historical writing alongside his politics and argues that, while Croker's critical method was sharpened by his politics, Macaulay's political opinions were much more independent of party, and that he is not the typical Whig historian of legend. The book illustrates how the two men actually had many ideas in common, and how the commentators who have seen only political dislike have missed the real purpose of the History of England and what made it the most successful historical work in English literature.Less
This is the story of one of the great literary rows of the 19th century, between one of its greatest historians and one of its sharpest critics. The quarrel began in the House of Commons during the debates of 1831–2 on parliamentary reform and was continued in the quarterly reviews. Even in a political setting, it had a historical dimension. Croker taunted Macaulay for being ignorant of the French Revolution. Macaulay replied by pouring scorn on Croker's accuracy as editor of Boswell's Johnson. The bitterness of the clash made subsequent compromise impossible. Sixteen years later, Croker wrote a long damning review of the first two volumes of Macaulay's History of England. Posterity admires success, and as Macaulay's writings have eclipsed Croker's it has usually been assumed that Croker was moved by mere political spite. This book shows that this verdict is unfair, that Croker's political opinions were both less rancorous and more interesting, and that Macaulay's own scholarship was far from faultless. It also considers each man's historical writing alongside his politics and argues that, while Croker's critical method was sharpened by his politics, Macaulay's political opinions were much more independent of party, and that he is not the typical Whig historian of legend. The book illustrates how the two men actually had many ideas in common, and how the commentators who have seen only political dislike have missed the real purpose of the History of England and what made it the most successful historical work in English literature.
Anne Stott
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199699391
- eISBN:
- 9780191739132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199699391.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter introduces the second part of the book, which deals with the courtships of Wilberforce, Henry Thornton, and Zachary Macaulay. It discusses Wilberforce’s personal and political life in ...
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This chapter introduces the second part of the book, which deals with the courtships of Wilberforce, Henry Thornton, and Zachary Macaulay. It discusses Wilberforce’s personal and political life in the period 1793-96. It covers the familiar story of his ambivalent attitude to the Revolutionary war and the consequent straining of his friendship with Pitt, which recovered after his defence of the Gagging Acts of 1795. Using archive material that has up to now not been fully exploited it shows the turmoil in his personal life. His ineffectual and inconsistent courtship of Mary Ann Hammond, the sister-in-law of Henry Addington, then Commons’ speaker was followed by other semi-courtships, all equally abortive. The chapter sheds a new light on Wilberforce’s character, in particular his troubled relationship with his sexuality.Less
This chapter introduces the second part of the book, which deals with the courtships of Wilberforce, Henry Thornton, and Zachary Macaulay. It discusses Wilberforce’s personal and political life in the period 1793-96. It covers the familiar story of his ambivalent attitude to the Revolutionary war and the consequent straining of his friendship with Pitt, which recovered after his defence of the Gagging Acts of 1795. Using archive material that has up to now not been fully exploited it shows the turmoil in his personal life. His ineffectual and inconsistent courtship of Mary Ann Hammond, the sister-in-law of Henry Addington, then Commons’ speaker was followed by other semi-courtships, all equally abortive. The chapter sheds a new light on Wilberforce’s character, in particular his troubled relationship with his sexuality.
Anne Stott
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199699391
- eISBN:
- 9780191739132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199699391.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter opens with an account of Selina Mills, the daughter of a Quaker bookseller in Bristol. It shows how she took over the running of the school set up by Hannah More and her sisters. The ...
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This chapter opens with an account of Selina Mills, the daughter of a Quaker bookseller in Bristol. It shows how she took over the running of the school set up by Hannah More and her sisters. The school was nearly destroyed when an heiress pupil, Clementina Clerke, eloped with the surgeon, Richard Vining Perry. The case came to trial in 1794 when Perry was acquitted of the charge of abducting a minor. The chapter then recounts the early career of Zachary Macaulay showing how his experiences in Jamaica made him an implacable opponent of the slave trade. His period as governor of the Sierra Leone colony is described. His courtship of Selina Mills was frustrated by the hostility of Hannah More and her sister Patty, and also by Selina’s reluctance to go with him to Sierra Leone.Less
This chapter opens with an account of Selina Mills, the daughter of a Quaker bookseller in Bristol. It shows how she took over the running of the school set up by Hannah More and her sisters. The school was nearly destroyed when an heiress pupil, Clementina Clerke, eloped with the surgeon, Richard Vining Perry. The case came to trial in 1794 when Perry was acquitted of the charge of abducting a minor. The chapter then recounts the early career of Zachary Macaulay showing how his experiences in Jamaica made him an implacable opponent of the slave trade. His period as governor of the Sierra Leone colony is described. His courtship of Selina Mills was frustrated by the hostility of Hannah More and her sister Patty, and also by Selina’s reluctance to go with him to Sierra Leone.
Anne Stott
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199699391
- eISBN:
- 9780191739132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199699391.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter briefly summarizes the debate on separate spheres by relating the concept to the lives of the Clapham sect. It is argued that though the men lived public lives, they spent their private ...
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This chapter briefly summarizes the debate on separate spheres by relating the concept to the lives of the Clapham sect. It is argued that though the men lived public lives, they spent their private time in the company of their wives and children rather than in the masculine world of clubs. The chapter shows that Barbara Wilberforce, Selina Macaulay, and Marianne (Sykes) Thornton (Mrs Henry Thornton) did not become close friends and had different views on wifely responsibilities, with Marianne Thornton the most actively engaged in her husband’s public career. The passing of the abolition act in 1807 and Wilberforce’s Yorkshire election campaign of that year are discussed mainly from her point of view. The chapter ends with a discussion of the childbearing histories of the three women.Less
This chapter briefly summarizes the debate on separate spheres by relating the concept to the lives of the Clapham sect. It is argued that though the men lived public lives, they spent their private time in the company of their wives and children rather than in the masculine world of clubs. The chapter shows that Barbara Wilberforce, Selina Macaulay, and Marianne (Sykes) Thornton (Mrs Henry Thornton) did not become close friends and had different views on wifely responsibilities, with Marianne Thornton the most actively engaged in her husband’s public career. The passing of the abolition act in 1807 and Wilberforce’s Yorkshire election campaign of that year are discussed mainly from her point of view. The chapter ends with a discussion of the childbearing histories of the three women.
Anne Stott
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199699391
- eISBN:
- 9780191739132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199699391.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter looks at Elizabeth Wilberforce, William Wilberforce’s surviving daughter. It shows her limited life choices compared with those available to her brothers, her emotional and spiritual ...
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This chapter looks at Elizabeth Wilberforce, William Wilberforce’s surviving daughter. It shows her limited life choices compared with those available to her brothers, her emotional and spiritual difficulties in the wake of her sister’s death and her difficult relationship with her mother. The chapter also describes Robert Wilberforce’s friendship with John Keble. There are accounts of Thomas Babington Macaulay’s speech at the anti-slavery meeting in 1824, Wilberforce’s serious illness in the same year, and his retirement from parliament in 1825. The rest of the chapter looks at Elizabeth’s abortive engagement to the Bristol merchant, Charles Pinney, who came from a family of slave-owners and held mortgages on slave estates on Nevis. The episode demonstrates Wilberforce’s naivety, but also the frequently unavoidable connections between emancipationists and the owners of slave estates.Less
This chapter looks at Elizabeth Wilberforce, William Wilberforce’s surviving daughter. It shows her limited life choices compared with those available to her brothers, her emotional and spiritual difficulties in the wake of her sister’s death and her difficult relationship with her mother. The chapter also describes Robert Wilberforce’s friendship with John Keble. There are accounts of Thomas Babington Macaulay’s speech at the anti-slavery meeting in 1824, Wilberforce’s serious illness in the same year, and his retirement from parliament in 1825. The rest of the chapter looks at Elizabeth’s abortive engagement to the Bristol merchant, Charles Pinney, who came from a family of slave-owners and held mortgages on slave estates on Nevis. The episode demonstrates Wilberforce’s naivety, but also the frequently unavoidable connections between emancipationists and the owners of slave estates.
Anne Stott
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199699391
- eISBN:
- 9780191739132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199699391.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter charts William Wilberforce’s later years. In 1825, against Barbara Wilberforce’s better judgement, he purchased the estate of Highwood in Middlesex and began plans to build a chapel at ...
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This chapter charts William Wilberforce’s later years. In 1825, against Barbara Wilberforce’s better judgement, he purchased the estate of Highwood in Middlesex and began plans to build a chapel at Mill Hill. In the following year his son William Wilberforce junior entered into a risky business venture. In 1827, prior to his ordination Samuel Wilberforce married Emily Sargent, the daughter of the Revd. John Sargent, rector of Lavington, and in 1830 he was appointed to the living of Brightstone on the Isle of Wight. In the same year Thomas Babington Macaulay entered Parliament. In 1831 Wilberforce’s debts forced him to leave Highwood. Elizabeth Wilberforce married the Revd. John James and died from tuberculosis in 1832. In 1833 Wilberforce’s health deteriorated still further and he died on 29 July.Less
This chapter charts William Wilberforce’s later years. In 1825, against Barbara Wilberforce’s better judgement, he purchased the estate of Highwood in Middlesex and began plans to build a chapel at Mill Hill. In the following year his son William Wilberforce junior entered into a risky business venture. In 1827, prior to his ordination Samuel Wilberforce married Emily Sargent, the daughter of the Revd. John Sargent, rector of Lavington, and in 1830 he was appointed to the living of Brightstone on the Isle of Wight. In the same year Thomas Babington Macaulay entered Parliament. In 1831 Wilberforce’s debts forced him to leave Highwood. Elizabeth Wilberforce married the Revd. John James and died from tuberculosis in 1832. In 1833 Wilberforce’s health deteriorated still further and he died on 29 July.
William Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208648
- eISBN:
- 9780191678103
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208648.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Ideas
This book tells the story of a quarrel, which began in the House of Commons during the debates on the great Reform Bill, and was carried over into the reviews and the newspapers in the 1830s and ...
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This book tells the story of a quarrel, which began in the House of Commons during the debates on the great Reform Bill, and was carried over into the reviews and the newspapers in the 1830s and 1840s. The clash in the Commons left an abiding mutual dislike and a rivalry which long outlasted the political argument. Both men were skilled writers of invective, but while Macaulay sought a wider fame as a narrative historian, Croker remained fascinated by the political arena and in so far as he could separate politics from history proper, he concentrated on leaving accurate records of the past. This study explains why Croker and Macaulay disagreed, and argues that hasty commentators have misread each man's real motives and substituted others which they could not possibly have professed. Macaulay is a historian every reader can enjoy, but Croker is a historian the professional must respect.Less
This book tells the story of a quarrel, which began in the House of Commons during the debates on the great Reform Bill, and was carried over into the reviews and the newspapers in the 1830s and 1840s. The clash in the Commons left an abiding mutual dislike and a rivalry which long outlasted the political argument. Both men were skilled writers of invective, but while Macaulay sought a wider fame as a narrative historian, Croker remained fascinated by the political arena and in so far as he could separate politics from history proper, he concentrated on leaving accurate records of the past. This study explains why Croker and Macaulay disagreed, and argues that hasty commentators have misread each man's real motives and substituted others which they could not possibly have professed. Macaulay is a historian every reader can enjoy, but Croker is a historian the professional must respect.
William Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208648
- eISBN:
- 9780191678103
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208648.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Ideas
The leading figures of the Clapham Sect who formed Macaulay's first ideals and impressions of public life were mostly members of the established Church, but they were not dogged defenders of its ...
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The leading figures of the Clapham Sect who formed Macaulay's first ideals and impressions of public life were mostly members of the established Church, but they were not dogged defenders of its political privileges. The man who influenced him most was Charles Austin, who is said to have enjoyed expressing the doctrines of utilitarianism in their most paradoxical form. Macaulay's early essays show that he had absorbed the whole utilitarian system. When he made his debut as an Edinburgh reviewer, and began to meet prominent Whigs, Macaulay was more impressed by the writers than by the politicians. In February 1830, Lord Lansdowne offered Macaulay the seat for Calne. Being MP for Calne was promotion for Macaulay, but it intensified his dislike and suspicion of Brougham, who had no intention of leaving the Edinburgh Review to the political direction of his former protégé.Less
The leading figures of the Clapham Sect who formed Macaulay's first ideals and impressions of public life were mostly members of the established Church, but they were not dogged defenders of its political privileges. The man who influenced him most was Charles Austin, who is said to have enjoyed expressing the doctrines of utilitarianism in their most paradoxical form. Macaulay's early essays show that he had absorbed the whole utilitarian system. When he made his debut as an Edinburgh reviewer, and began to meet prominent Whigs, Macaulay was more impressed by the writers than by the politicians. In February 1830, Lord Lansdowne offered Macaulay the seat for Calne. Being MP for Calne was promotion for Macaulay, but it intensified his dislike and suspicion of Brougham, who had no intention of leaving the Edinburgh Review to the political direction of his former protégé.
