Gastone Gilli and Paola Gilli
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199558964
- eISBN:
- 9780191720949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558964.003.0004
- Subject:
- Physics, Crystallography: Physics
Crystallographic databases collect some 300,000 structures, tens of thousands including one or more H-bonds. This impressive archive take in all varieties of inter- and intra-molecular H-bonds of any ...
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Crystallographic databases collect some 300,000 structures, tens of thousands including one or more H-bonds. This impressive archive take in all varieties of inter- and intra-molecular H-bonds of any strength made by all possible atoms and can be asked any question on the H-bond nature provided we know how to do it. This chapter selects appropriate methods (crystal-structure correlations, Pauling's bond number, bond-number conservation, and Lippincott and Schroeder's method) and applies them to large sets of structural data representative of the most important H-bond classes. Particular attention is paid to strong O-H···O, N-H···N, and N-H···O/O-H···N resonance-assisted H-bonds (RAHBs) and their interpretation by different theoretical models. Three other classes of strong charge-assisted H-bonds (CAHBs) are identified and the H-bond classification is completed in six classes (the chemical leitmotifs). Results are interpreted in terms of electrostatic-covalent H-bond model (ECHBM) and PA/pKa equalization principle. A general equation linking H-bond energies and geometries is attempted.Less
Crystallographic databases collect some 300,000 structures, tens of thousands including one or more H-bonds. This impressive archive take in all varieties of inter- and intra-molecular H-bonds of any strength made by all possible atoms and can be asked any question on the H-bond nature provided we know how to do it. This chapter selects appropriate methods (crystal-structure correlations, Pauling's bond number, bond-number conservation, and Lippincott and Schroeder's method) and applies them to large sets of structural data representative of the most important H-bond classes. Particular attention is paid to strong O-H···O, N-H···N, and N-H···O/O-H···N resonance-assisted H-bonds (RAHBs) and their interpretation by different theoretical models. Three other classes of strong charge-assisted H-bonds (CAHBs) are identified and the H-bond classification is completed in six classes (the chemical leitmotifs). Results are interpreted in terms of electrostatic-covalent H-bond model (ECHBM) and PA/pKa equalization principle. A general equation linking H-bond energies and geometries is attempted.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226276519
- eISBN:
- 9780226276540
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226276540.003.0019
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
When William Chambers arrived in Boston, he visited Gould & Lincoln, and the two firms were still doing business occasionally in the late 1850s. Unlike Boston and New York, Philadelphia had trade ...
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When William Chambers arrived in Boston, he visited Gould & Lincoln, and the two firms were still doing business occasionally in the late 1850s. Unlike Boston and New York, Philadelphia had trade connections to the southern states, and the old Northeast and the expanding West. The William Chambers–Joshua Lippincott relationship flourished through several generations of both families. W. & R. Chambers had become far more confident in their dealings with the United States by the middle of the 1850s. The Chambers–Lippincott relationship of the 1850s was an ideal opportunity to examine the role by the transatlantic steamship services in British publishers' efforts to do business with the United States.Less
When William Chambers arrived in Boston, he visited Gould & Lincoln, and the two firms were still doing business occasionally in the late 1850s. Unlike Boston and New York, Philadelphia had trade connections to the southern states, and the old Northeast and the expanding West. The William Chambers–Joshua Lippincott relationship flourished through several generations of both families. W. & R. Chambers had become far more confident in their dealings with the United States by the middle of the 1850s. The Chambers–Lippincott relationship of the 1850s was an ideal opportunity to examine the role by the transatlantic steamship services in British publishers' efforts to do business with the United States.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226276519
- eISBN:
- 9780226276540
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226276540.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter discusses how Joshua Lippincott imported all of Chambers' instructive serials and many of the book publications, and his experiences of importing the Chambers's Journal. The speed with ...
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This chapter discusses how Joshua Lippincott imported all of Chambers' instructive serials and many of the book publications, and his experiences of importing the Chambers's Journal. The speed with which the imports crossed the Atlantic suddenly became critical, and the difficulties William Chambers and Lippincott faced in dealing with Peter Orvis showed the ambivalent utility of steamships to British publishers. Orvis had no recorded involvement with the book trade before establishing the New York Journal. In advertising his reprint of Chambers's Journal, he made the most of the the Chambers' reputation. Four years after the City of Philadelphia was wrecked, the North American telegraph system had been extended to Newfoundland. On the surface, the transatlantic steamship services presented similar advantages to the railways in terms of increased speed and reliability.Less
This chapter discusses how Joshua Lippincott imported all of Chambers' instructive serials and many of the book publications, and his experiences of importing the Chambers's Journal. The speed with which the imports crossed the Atlantic suddenly became critical, and the difficulties William Chambers and Lippincott faced in dealing with Peter Orvis showed the ambivalent utility of steamships to British publishers. Orvis had no recorded involvement with the book trade before establishing the New York Journal. In advertising his reprint of Chambers's Journal, he made the most of the the Chambers' reputation. Four years after the City of Philadelphia was wrecked, the North American telegraph system had been extended to Newfoundland. On the surface, the transatlantic steamship services presented similar advantages to the railways in terms of increased speed and reliability.
