Patrick Beauchesne and Sabrina C. Agarwal
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056807
- eISBN:
- 9780813053653
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056807.003.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Methodology and Techniques
This introduction begins with a review of bioarchaeological studies of children and childhood in the past in order to contextualize the advances that have been made in recent decades and also to ...
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This introduction begins with a review of bioarchaeological studies of children and childhood in the past in order to contextualize the advances that have been made in recent decades and also to outline theoretical shortcomings in these studies. This chapter then proceeds with an argument for further integration of biological and social streams of research in order to produce a more holistic bioarchaeology of children. Life course theory, interdisciplinary approaches, and an accounting of developmental plasticity are central to this vision. The chapter concludes with detailed summaries and contextualization of the remaining chapters in the volume.Less
This introduction begins with a review of bioarchaeological studies of children and childhood in the past in order to contextualize the advances that have been made in recent decades and also to outline theoretical shortcomings in these studies. This chapter then proceeds with an argument for further integration of biological and social streams of research in order to produce a more holistic bioarchaeology of children. Life course theory, interdisciplinary approaches, and an accounting of developmental plasticity are central to this vision. The chapter concludes with detailed summaries and contextualization of the remaining chapters in the volume.
Anna Boucher
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099458
- eISBN:
- 9781526104212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099458.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Chapter 1 defends the need for new indicators of ‘gender awareness’ within skilled immigration policy. It draws upon research from feminist industrial relations, sociology, economics and ...
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Chapter 1 defends the need for new indicators of ‘gender awareness’ within skilled immigration policy. It draws upon research from feminist industrial relations, sociology, economics and intersectional feminist studies, to this end. The chapter focuses upon three key areas of the scholarship: Gender mainstreaming processes and institutions, life course differences between men and women and gendered definitions of ‘skill’, bringing in feminist critiques of human capital theory that predominates within skilled immigration debates.Less
Chapter 1 defends the need for new indicators of ‘gender awareness’ within skilled immigration policy. It draws upon research from feminist industrial relations, sociology, economics and intersectional feminist studies, to this end. The chapter focuses upon three key areas of the scholarship: Gender mainstreaming processes and institutions, life course differences between men and women and gendered definitions of ‘skill’, bringing in feminist critiques of human capital theory that predominates within skilled immigration debates.
Raelene M. Inglis and Siân E. Halcrow
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056807
- eISBN:
- 9780813053653
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056807.003.0002
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Methodology and Techniques
Over the past two decades, there has been a rapid increase of research in the study of children and childhood in the past from anthropological, archaeological, and bioarchaeological perspectives. ...
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Over the past two decades, there has been a rapid increase of research in the study of children and childhood in the past from anthropological, archaeological, and bioarchaeological perspectives. Despite recent research and theoretical developments, the advancement of research into childhood in the past continues to be somewhat hampered by the disparate theoretical approaches that are applied. This chapter reviews both the development of the bioarchaeological study of childhood and the important theoretical issues – including age, gender, and biocultural approaches – and offers suggestions for the development of approaches that “speak” between the different theoretical perspectives in the study of childhood in the past. Suggested future research directions include the integration of biological aspects into the social life course approach, by incorporating aspects of the biologically underpinned life history theoretical approach. Another imperative is to critically evaluate the attribution and meaning of “agency” in the bioarchaeology of childhood.Less
Over the past two decades, there has been a rapid increase of research in the study of children and childhood in the past from anthropological, archaeological, and bioarchaeological perspectives. Despite recent research and theoretical developments, the advancement of research into childhood in the past continues to be somewhat hampered by the disparate theoretical approaches that are applied. This chapter reviews both the development of the bioarchaeological study of childhood and the important theoretical issues – including age, gender, and biocultural approaches – and offers suggestions for the development of approaches that “speak” between the different theoretical perspectives in the study of childhood in the past. Suggested future research directions include the integration of biological aspects into the social life course approach, by incorporating aspects of the biologically underpinned life history theoretical approach. Another imperative is to critically evaluate the attribution and meaning of “agency” in the bioarchaeology of childhood.
Diana Kuh, Rebecca Hardy, Catharine Gale, Jane Elliott, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, and Rachel Cooper
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447314721
- eISBN:
- 9781447314745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447314721.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
This chapter describes the Healthy Ageing across the Life Course (HALCyon) NDA collaborative research project, the aim of which was to investigate biological and social factors from early life that ...
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This chapter describes the Healthy Ageing across the Life Course (HALCyon) NDA collaborative research project, the aim of which was to investigate biological and social factors from early life that influence healthy ageing in later life. Healthy ageing was studied as optimal functioning at the individual level, in terms of physical and cognitive capability and wellbeing. The roles of lifetime socioeconomic circumstances, cognitive development and education, body size and diet were investigated, as well as underlying biology (the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, telomeres and genes). The project undertook: systematic reviews and meta-analyses of all available studies; comparative analysis using harmomised data across nine British cohort studies; in depth analysis of single cohorts with unique data; and qualitative interviews with sub-samples of participants from three of these cohorts.Less
This chapter describes the Healthy Ageing across the Life Course (HALCyon) NDA collaborative research project, the aim of which was to investigate biological and social factors from early life that influence healthy ageing in later life. Healthy ageing was studied as optimal functioning at the individual level, in terms of physical and cognitive capability and wellbeing. The roles of lifetime socioeconomic circumstances, cognitive development and education, body size and diet were investigated, as well as underlying biology (the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, telomeres and genes). The project undertook: systematic reviews and meta-analyses of all available studies; comparative analysis using harmomised data across nine British cohort studies; in depth analysis of single cohorts with unique data; and qualitative interviews with sub-samples of participants from three of these cohorts.
Carsten Jensen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199678419
- eISBN:
- 9780191757822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199678419.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization, Comparative Politics
The fundamental proposition of the book is that there are two types of social risks, and voters of the Right are mainly exposed to one of them, namely the so-called life-course risks. These risks ...
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The fundamental proposition of the book is that there are two types of social risks, and voters of the Right are mainly exposed to one of them, namely the so-called life-course risks. These risks stem from biological life itself, above all else sickness and old age. The other type of risks relate to the labor market and is much more the poor man's burden. Life-course-related social programs will enjoy much more support among voters of the Right than social programs meeting labor market-related risks. This in turn implies that governments of the Right will be much more supportive of the former than the latter type of programs. The basic argument is complicated by the fact that governments of the Right need to employ complex reform strategies when pursuing their policy goals. These are called marketization via layering and erode and attack, respectively.Less
The fundamental proposition of the book is that there are two types of social risks, and voters of the Right are mainly exposed to one of them, namely the so-called life-course risks. These risks stem from biological life itself, above all else sickness and old age. The other type of risks relate to the labor market and is much more the poor man's burden. Life-course-related social programs will enjoy much more support among voters of the Right than social programs meeting labor market-related risks. This in turn implies that governments of the Right will be much more supportive of the former than the latter type of programs. The basic argument is complicated by the fact that governments of the Right need to employ complex reform strategies when pursuing their policy goals. These are called marketization via layering and erode and attack, respectively.
Jerry Flores
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520284876
- eISBN:
- 9780520960541
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520284876.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
Caught Up follows the lives of 50 Latina girls in “El Valle” Juvenile Detention Center and “Legacy” community school located 40 miles outside of Los Angeles, CA. Their path through these two ...
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Caught Up follows the lives of 50 Latina girls in “El Valle” Juvenile Detention Center and “Legacy” community school located 40 miles outside of Los Angeles, CA. Their path through these two institutions reveals the accelerated fusion of California schools and institutions of confinement. For example, the connection between both of these sites is a concerted effort between Legacy Community School and El Valle administrators to provide young people with wraparound services. These well-intentioned services are designed to provide youth with support at home, at school and in the actual detention center. However, I argue that wraparound services more closely resemble a phenomenon that I call wraparound incarceration, where students cannot escape the surveillance of formal detention despite leaving the actual detention center. For young people in Legacy school, returning to El Valle became an unavoidable consequence of wraparound services.Less
Caught Up follows the lives of 50 Latina girls in “El Valle” Juvenile Detention Center and “Legacy” community school located 40 miles outside of Los Angeles, CA. Their path through these two institutions reveals the accelerated fusion of California schools and institutions of confinement. For example, the connection between both of these sites is a concerted effort between Legacy Community School and El Valle administrators to provide young people with wraparound services. These well-intentioned services are designed to provide youth with support at home, at school and in the actual detention center. However, I argue that wraparound services more closely resemble a phenomenon that I call wraparound incarceration, where students cannot escape the surveillance of formal detention despite leaving the actual detention center. For young people in Legacy school, returning to El Valle became an unavoidable consequence of wraparound services.
Liz Lloyd
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781861349194
- eISBN:
- 9781447307600
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861349194.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
In the context of global ageing societies, there are few challenges to the underlying assumption that policies should promote functional health and independence in older people and contain the costs ...
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In the context of global ageing societies, there are few challenges to the underlying assumption that policies should promote functional health and independence in older people and contain the costs of care. This important book offers such a challenge. It provides a critical analysis of the limitations of contemporary policies and calls for a fuller understanding of the relationship between health and care throughout the life-course. Located within the tradition of the feminist ethic of care, the book provides a fresh insight into global policy debates and the impact that these have on people's experiences of ageing. Including international evidence on health inequalities, health promotion and health care, this book will be of interest to a range of social scientists, particularly specialists in gerontology and social policy.Less
In the context of global ageing societies, there are few challenges to the underlying assumption that policies should promote functional health and independence in older people and contain the costs of care. This important book offers such a challenge. It provides a critical analysis of the limitations of contemporary policies and calls for a fuller understanding of the relationship between health and care throughout the life-course. Located within the tradition of the feminist ethic of care, the book provides a fresh insight into global policy debates and the impact that these have on people's experiences of ageing. Including international evidence on health inequalities, health promotion and health care, this book will be of interest to a range of social scientists, particularly specialists in gerontology and social policy.
Clary Krekula and Sarah Vickerstaff
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447325116
- eISBN:
- 9781447325161
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447325116.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
The policy debate on older people's extended participation in working life is not based on a social movement, such as the one putting forward demands on job opportunities for women, and has, by means ...
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The policy debate on older people's extended participation in working life is not based on a social movement, such as the one putting forward demands on job opportunities for women, and has, by means of categorical stereotypes, mostly characterised older people as the problem. This narrative of individual choices and decisions presents older workers as de-gendered, de-classed individuals, shorn of their individual biographies and social contexts. It also treats the issue of extending working life as a phenomenon disconnected from surrounding society and trends. This line of reasoning points to the need for more sophisticated theoretical foundations. This chapter therefore provides a more encompassing framework for the discussion of extending working lives and outlines a new research agenda, including a power perspective with potential to shed light on age-based inequality, an intersectional perspective and a masculinity perspective which challenges the homogenous descriptions of older workers, a feminist understanding of work and a life course perspective which provides a framework which links the previous three.Less
The policy debate on older people's extended participation in working life is not based on a social movement, such as the one putting forward demands on job opportunities for women, and has, by means of categorical stereotypes, mostly characterised older people as the problem. This narrative of individual choices and decisions presents older workers as de-gendered, de-classed individuals, shorn of their individual biographies and social contexts. It also treats the issue of extending working life as a phenomenon disconnected from surrounding society and trends. This line of reasoning points to the need for more sophisticated theoretical foundations. This chapter therefore provides a more encompassing framework for the discussion of extending working lives and outlines a new research agenda, including a power perspective with potential to shed light on age-based inequality, an intersectional perspective and a masculinity perspective which challenges the homogenous descriptions of older workers, a feminist understanding of work and a life course perspective which provides a framework which links the previous three.
Ann L. W. Stodder and Ann M. Palkovich (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813038070
- eISBN:
- 9780813043135
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813038070.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
This book is a compilation of osteobiographies: life histories of individuals whose remains were recovered from archaeological sites all over the world. The essays include contributions by some forty ...
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This book is a compilation of osteobiographies: life histories of individuals whose remains were recovered from archaeological sites all over the world. The essays include contributions by some forty individuals and provide richly textured accounts of life in the past and of the process of bioarchaeological inquiry. Skeletal and dental analysis is augmented by information from oral history and legends, sagas, ethnography and ethnohistory, ancient DNA, bone chemistry, and the abundance of the archaeological record-all carefully woven into interpretations of the lives of artisans, healers, craftsmen, and farmers. Amply illustrated, the chapters present research results in a manner accessible to students and non-professionals, without glossing over the scientific aspects of the methods or oversimplifying the problems and limitations inherent in the research. The range of research methods and trajectories presented in these chapters exemplifies the creative, interdisciplinary nature of bioarchaeology and the unique contribution of this field to our understanding of the breadth of human experience.Less
This book is a compilation of osteobiographies: life histories of individuals whose remains were recovered from archaeological sites all over the world. The essays include contributions by some forty individuals and provide richly textured accounts of life in the past and of the process of bioarchaeological inquiry. Skeletal and dental analysis is augmented by information from oral history and legends, sagas, ethnography and ethnohistory, ancient DNA, bone chemistry, and the abundance of the archaeological record-all carefully woven into interpretations of the lives of artisans, healers, craftsmen, and farmers. Amply illustrated, the chapters present research results in a manner accessible to students and non-professionals, without glossing over the scientific aspects of the methods or oversimplifying the problems and limitations inherent in the research. The range of research methods and trajectories presented in these chapters exemplifies the creative, interdisciplinary nature of bioarchaeology and the unique contribution of this field to our understanding of the breadth of human experience.
Jon Kvist
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447332497
- eISBN:
- 9781447332534
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447332497.003.0010
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
Globally, policymakers are promoted social investments as a reform strategy to increase individuals’ capacities and national economic growth. This chapter establishes a framework consisting of ...
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Globally, policymakers are promoted social investments as a reform strategy to increase individuals’ capacities and national economic growth. This chapter establishes a framework consisting of generational, life-course perspectives on social investments and inclusive growth. The generational perspective brings out that social investments involve horizontal redistribution, underpin the productive and reproductive social contract between generations, and the increased diversity within generations. The life-course perspective demonstrates how social issues and social investments in one life stage depend on the situation in prior life stages and affect the situation in later life stages and, possibly, in multiple dimensions.Less
Globally, policymakers are promoted social investments as a reform strategy to increase individuals’ capacities and national economic growth. This chapter establishes a framework consisting of generational, life-course perspectives on social investments and inclusive growth. The generational perspective brings out that social investments involve horizontal redistribution, underpin the productive and reproductive social contract between generations, and the increased diversity within generations. The life-course perspective demonstrates how social issues and social investments in one life stage depend on the situation in prior life stages and affect the situation in later life stages and, possibly, in multiple dimensions.
David M. Day and Margit Wiesner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479880058
- eISBN:
- 9781479888276
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479880058.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This book is a nontechnical, accessible, scholarly volume about criminal trajectories within a developmental context. The book provides a comprehensive overview of criminal trajectories as a concept ...
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This book is a nontechnical, accessible, scholarly volume about criminal trajectories within a developmental context. The book provides a comprehensive overview of criminal trajectories as a concept and methodology. It addresses the complexities, controversies, findings, and applications from the rich criminal trajectory literature. It synthesizes material from the current literature in a range of fields, including developmental psychology, developmental and life-course criminology, quantitative methods, and crime prevention, to illustrate the theoretical, empirical, and practical utility of considering the heterogeneity underlying offender populations (i.e., of criminal trajectories) in the conceptualization, response to, and prevention of crime. Each chapter ends with suggested supplemental readings.Less
This book is a nontechnical, accessible, scholarly volume about criminal trajectories within a developmental context. The book provides a comprehensive overview of criminal trajectories as a concept and methodology. It addresses the complexities, controversies, findings, and applications from the rich criminal trajectory literature. It synthesizes material from the current literature in a range of fields, including developmental psychology, developmental and life-course criminology, quantitative methods, and crime prevention, to illustrate the theoretical, empirical, and practical utility of considering the heterogeneity underlying offender populations (i.e., of criminal trajectories) in the conceptualization, response to, and prevention of crime. Each chapter ends with suggested supplemental readings.
David M. Day and Margit Wiesner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479880058
- eISBN:
- 9781479888276
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479880058.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter presents the history and theoretical underpinnings of criminal trajectory research. The chapter distinguishes between a short historical view and long historical view of theoretical ...
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This chapter presents the history and theoretical underpinnings of criminal trajectory research. The chapter distinguishes between a short historical view and long historical view of theoretical contributions. The key concepts, theories, and studies discussed are drawn from the criminal career notion, Moffitt's dual taxonomy model, important longitudinal investigations, developmental criminology, developmental psychopathology, and the life-course sociological and life-span psychological theoretical frameworks of Glen Elder and Paul Baltes, respectively.Less
This chapter presents the history and theoretical underpinnings of criminal trajectory research. The chapter distinguishes between a short historical view and long historical view of theoretical contributions. The key concepts, theories, and studies discussed are drawn from the criminal career notion, Moffitt's dual taxonomy model, important longitudinal investigations, developmental criminology, developmental psychopathology, and the life-course sociological and life-span psychological theoretical frameworks of Glen Elder and Paul Baltes, respectively.
Ann L. W. Stodder and Ann M. Palkovich
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813038070
- eISBN:
- 9780813043135
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813038070.003.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
The introductory chapter to the volume The Bioarchaeology of Individuals situates the work in the past several decades of methodological and theoretical development of the role of skeletal remains in ...
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The introductory chapter to the volume The Bioarchaeology of Individuals situates the work in the past several decades of methodological and theoretical development of the role of skeletal remains in reconstructing the biological and social history of the human species. The authors advocate that the study of individual lives in the past, through well-crafted and contextualized osteobiography, is an essential and enriching part of bioarchaeology and that the study of individuals is a necessary complement to the population-level research that dominated the first decades of bioarchaeology as a distinct field.Less
The introductory chapter to the volume The Bioarchaeology of Individuals situates the work in the past several decades of methodological and theoretical development of the role of skeletal remains in reconstructing the biological and social history of the human species. The authors advocate that the study of individual lives in the past, through well-crafted and contextualized osteobiography, is an essential and enriching part of bioarchaeology and that the study of individuals is a necessary complement to the population-level research that dominated the first decades of bioarchaeology as a distinct field.
Elizabeth Brooke
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447325116
- eISBN:
- 9781447325161
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447325116.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
This chapter analyses the empirical landscape of older women's working lives, which is shaped by connected structural disadvantages constituted by neoliberal institutions. It initially explains the ...
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This chapter analyses the empirical landscape of older women's working lives, which is shaped by connected structural disadvantages constituted by neoliberal institutions. It initially explains the recent Australian political discourse of 'intergenerational equity', which rationalises the government's policy of prolonging working lives until the revised pension age of 70 in 2035. Yet older women are cumulatively disadvantaged within a 'de-accumulation trajectory' over the life course by a trinity of pillars: comparatively lower wages then men, institutional arrangements of pensions and government supported superannuation. The data analysis shows that gender wage gaps cascaded to increased pension dependency and superannuation gender gaps. Globalisation supported gendered industry career trajectories, with the highest gender wage gaps found in male-dominated professional and financial sector industries, while older women were concentrated in low-waged service industries. Finally, women's lower participation within unemployment programs further limited their economic participation, undermining government policy directions of extending working lives.Less
This chapter analyses the empirical landscape of older women's working lives, which is shaped by connected structural disadvantages constituted by neoliberal institutions. It initially explains the recent Australian political discourse of 'intergenerational equity', which rationalises the government's policy of prolonging working lives until the revised pension age of 70 in 2035. Yet older women are cumulatively disadvantaged within a 'de-accumulation trajectory' over the life course by a trinity of pillars: comparatively lower wages then men, institutional arrangements of pensions and government supported superannuation. The data analysis shows that gender wage gaps cascaded to increased pension dependency and superannuation gender gaps. Globalisation supported gendered industry career trajectories, with the highest gender wage gaps found in male-dominated professional and financial sector industries, while older women were concentrated in low-waged service industries. Finally, women's lower participation within unemployment programs further limited their economic participation, undermining government policy directions of extending working lives.
Ann Nilsen, Julia Brannen, and Suzan Lewis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781847428646
- eISBN:
- 9781447307563
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428646.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
The chapter introduces the study and the main topics addressed. The discussion focuses on research on the transition to motherhood and fatherhood and the ways in which these life course transitions ...
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The chapter introduces the study and the main topics addressed. The discussion focuses on research on the transition to motherhood and fatherhood and the ways in which these life course transitions intersect with other life course transitions. The chapter highlights the comparative multi-layered case study design. The importance and uniqueness of the design and the life course perspective is outlined. The chapter presents the design of the book and highlights the rationale for discussing the life course perspective as an overarching theoretical framework in a separate chapter (2). The complex methodological design also merits a separate chapter (3), and the comparative cross-national analysis in the empirical chapters adds analytical strength to the discussions and demonstrates the usefulness of the methodology.Less
The chapter introduces the study and the main topics addressed. The discussion focuses on research on the transition to motherhood and fatherhood and the ways in which these life course transitions intersect with other life course transitions. The chapter highlights the comparative multi-layered case study design. The importance and uniqueness of the design and the life course perspective is outlined. The chapter presents the design of the book and highlights the rationale for discussing the life course perspective as an overarching theoretical framework in a separate chapter (2). The complex methodological design also merits a separate chapter (3), and the comparative cross-national analysis in the empirical chapters adds analytical strength to the discussions and demonstrates the usefulness of the methodology.
David M. Day and Margit Wiesner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479880058
- eISBN:
- 9781479888276
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479880058.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Prior reviews of the criminal trajectory literature mostly excluded findings on the relation of criminal trajectory groups to later life outcomes, turning points, and desistance. To set the stage for ...
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Prior reviews of the criminal trajectory literature mostly excluded findings on the relation of criminal trajectory groups to later life outcomes, turning points, and desistance. To set the stage for the review of this literature, the chapter first draws on the broader literature to define key terms, such as desistance and turning points, and to describe influential theories of desistance from crime and empirical findings. It is argued that criminal trajectory research needs to better integrate with these independent strands of research to advance the understanding of desisting offender trajectory groups. The chapter also details how emerging, innovative methodological approaches for the examination of turning point effects can help strengthen future criminal trajectory research on these issues. Next, the findings of criminal trajectory studies on later life outcomes and desistance are reviewed. Future research needs are identified to move the field forward. Last, the chapter seeks to make the case for a programmatic agenda that ties criminal trajectory research to developmental science models of intentional self-regulation across the life span, such as tripartite Selection, Optimization, and Compensation theory from Paul Baltes, to help explore the role of human agency in the development of crime.Less
Prior reviews of the criminal trajectory literature mostly excluded findings on the relation of criminal trajectory groups to later life outcomes, turning points, and desistance. To set the stage for the review of this literature, the chapter first draws on the broader literature to define key terms, such as desistance and turning points, and to describe influential theories of desistance from crime and empirical findings. It is argued that criminal trajectory research needs to better integrate with these independent strands of research to advance the understanding of desisting offender trajectory groups. The chapter also details how emerging, innovative methodological approaches for the examination of turning point effects can help strengthen future criminal trajectory research on these issues. Next, the findings of criminal trajectory studies on later life outcomes and desistance are reviewed. Future research needs are identified to move the field forward. Last, the chapter seeks to make the case for a programmatic agenda that ties criminal trajectory research to developmental science models of intentional self-regulation across the life span, such as tripartite Selection, Optimization, and Compensation theory from Paul Baltes, to help explore the role of human agency in the development of crime.
Melanie J. Miller, Sabrina C. Agarwal, and Carl H. Langebaek
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056807
- eISBN:
- 9780813053653
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056807.003.0009
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Methodology and Techniques
Chapter 8 reviews some of the stable isotope analysis studies of human skeletal remains that have taken a life course approach to understand childhood dietary practices in relation to adult dietary ...
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Chapter 8 reviews some of the stable isotope analysis studies of human skeletal remains that have taken a life course approach to understand childhood dietary practices in relation to adult dietary practices and concludes with a bioarchaeological case study from the Muisca of northern South America, in present-day Colombia. Archaeological dietary studies continue to contribute new understandings to human food practices and the layers of biological and social meaning that accompany that information, including evidence of the role of food in the socialization of children, gendered food differentiation, and the social relationships that become evidenced through repetitive food consumption practices. For dietary studies, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotope analyses are used.Less
Chapter 8 reviews some of the stable isotope analysis studies of human skeletal remains that have taken a life course approach to understand childhood dietary practices in relation to adult dietary practices and concludes with a bioarchaeological case study from the Muisca of northern South America, in present-day Colombia. Archaeological dietary studies continue to contribute new understandings to human food practices and the layers of biological and social meaning that accompany that information, including evidence of the role of food in the socialization of children, gendered food differentiation, and the social relationships that become evidenced through repetitive food consumption practices. For dietary studies, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotope analyses are used.
Jane Gray, Ruth Geraghty, and David Ralph
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719091513
- eISBN:
- 9781526109972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091513.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter introduces the approach and plan of the book. It describes the distinctiveness of sociological perspectives on family life and locates the book in its contemporary context. Readers are ...
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This chapter introduces the approach and plan of the book. It describes the distinctiveness of sociological perspectives on family life and locates the book in its contemporary context. Readers are invited to reflect on their own understanding of ‘family’ and to think about what is interesting about the Irish experience of family change. The chapter includes a description of the archived qualitative longitudinal data that are referenced throughout the book: Life Histories and Social Change (2007) and Growing Up in Ireland Wave 1 at 9 years (2008). Through a comparative analysis of these data the authors tracked the diverse family experiences of Irish people born in different historical periods.Less
This chapter introduces the approach and plan of the book. It describes the distinctiveness of sociological perspectives on family life and locates the book in its contemporary context. Readers are invited to reflect on their own understanding of ‘family’ and to think about what is interesting about the Irish experience of family change. The chapter includes a description of the archived qualitative longitudinal data that are referenced throughout the book: Life Histories and Social Change (2007) and Growing Up in Ireland Wave 1 at 9 years (2008). Through a comparative analysis of these data the authors tracked the diverse family experiences of Irish people born in different historical periods.
Jerry Flores
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520284876
- eISBN:
- 9780520960541
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520284876.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
The book opens with a description of the two key sites in my study: El Valle Juvenile Detention and Legacy community school. I describe the focus of the project and the questions I address. Here, I ...
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The book opens with a description of the two key sites in my study: El Valle Juvenile Detention and Legacy community school. I describe the focus of the project and the questions I address. Here, I emphasize how these two institutions and wraparound services shape the pathways of my participants and how these young women navigate these interlocking entities. I then discuss why understanding these new educational and penal connections is important, especially the role they play in the lives of the Latina girls in my study. In this chapter I introduce the term wraparound incarceration, which I coin in the book. I draw on previous research on intersectionality, the school-to-prison pipeline, life course theory and work on gender and crime to situate my own intellectual contributions. The chapter ends with a discussion of the major components of the book, providing readers a “map” of what to expect in the text. Finally, I introduce my primary respondents who will lead off and end every chapter in this manuscript. This introduction as a whole reminds the readers of the importance of studying the processes that lead this growing group of girls into the juvenile justice system.Less
The book opens with a description of the two key sites in my study: El Valle Juvenile Detention and Legacy community school. I describe the focus of the project and the questions I address. Here, I emphasize how these two institutions and wraparound services shape the pathways of my participants and how these young women navigate these interlocking entities. I then discuss why understanding these new educational and penal connections is important, especially the role they play in the lives of the Latina girls in my study. In this chapter I introduce the term wraparound incarceration, which I coin in the book. I draw on previous research on intersectionality, the school-to-prison pipeline, life course theory and work on gender and crime to situate my own intellectual contributions. The chapter ends with a discussion of the major components of the book, providing readers a “map” of what to expect in the text. Finally, I introduce my primary respondents who will lead off and end every chapter in this manuscript. This introduction as a whole reminds the readers of the importance of studying the processes that lead this growing group of girls into the juvenile justice system.
Jerry Flores
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520284876
- eISBN:
- 9780520960541
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520284876.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
For girls in El Valle and Legacy, incarceration is a central component of their lives. However, once kids turn 18, the violations that previously landed them in juvenile detention now lead directly ...
More
For girls in El Valle and Legacy, incarceration is a central component of their lives. However, once kids turn 18, the violations that previously landed them in juvenile detention now lead directly to adult prisons. I identify the key turning points that lead girls in my study from detention to college, gainful employment, or the larger California prison system. I also reveal the key moments in girls’ development when they are ready and willing for positive change. Unfortunately, many youth are so entrenched in the criminal justice system that when they become ready for change, exiting the criminal justice system becomes impossible. I inform scholars understanding of young women and criminal desistance, as well as the institutional and interpersonal factors that prevent these youth from exiting the criminal justice system. This final section sheds light on the key factors that educators and criminal justice agencies can look for when attempting to make positive interventions in young peoples' life trajectories. It also sheds light on the shortcomings of wraparound services and further verifies my argument that these services resemble wraparound incarceration.Less
For girls in El Valle and Legacy, incarceration is a central component of their lives. However, once kids turn 18, the violations that previously landed them in juvenile detention now lead directly to adult prisons. I identify the key turning points that lead girls in my study from detention to college, gainful employment, or the larger California prison system. I also reveal the key moments in girls’ development when they are ready and willing for positive change. Unfortunately, many youth are so entrenched in the criminal justice system that when they become ready for change, exiting the criminal justice system becomes impossible. I inform scholars understanding of young women and criminal desistance, as well as the institutional and interpersonal factors that prevent these youth from exiting the criminal justice system. This final section sheds light on the key factors that educators and criminal justice agencies can look for when attempting to make positive interventions in young peoples' life trajectories. It also sheds light on the shortcomings of wraparound services and further verifies my argument that these services resemble wraparound incarceration.
