Isaiah Berlin
Edited by Henry Hardy (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199249893
- eISBN:
- 9780191598807
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924989X.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Liberty is the new and expanded edition of Isaiah Berlin’s Four Essays on Liberty, a modern classic of liberalism. These essays, of which the best known is ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’, do not offer a ...
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Liberty is the new and expanded edition of Isaiah Berlin’s Four Essays on Liberty, a modern classic of liberalism. These essays, of which the best known is ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’, do not offer a systematic account of liberalism, but instead deploy a view of being, knowledge, and value which was calculated by Berlin to rule totalitarian thinking out of court. The new edition adds to the four, ‘From Hope and Fear set free’, which reinforces Berlin’s argument and which he wanted to include in the original edition. Three further essays, and three autobiographical appendices have been included, so that all Berlin’s principal statements on liberty are gathered together. The whole is introduced by Berlin’s editor, Henry Hardy.Less
Liberty is the new and expanded edition of Isaiah Berlin’s Four Essays on Liberty, a modern classic of liberalism. These essays, of which the best known is ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’, do not offer a systematic account of liberalism, but instead deploy a view of being, knowledge, and value which was calculated by Berlin to rule totalitarian thinking out of court. The new edition adds to the four, ‘From Hope and Fear set free’, which reinforces Berlin’s argument and which he wanted to include in the original edition. Three further essays, and three autobiographical appendices have been included, so that all Berlin’s principal statements on liberty are gathered together. The whole is introduced by Berlin’s editor, Henry Hardy.
Isaiah Berlin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199249893
- eISBN:
- 9780191598807
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924989X.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This short essay is a summary of the main theses of Berlin’s ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’, and thus provides a brief introduction to his views.
This short essay is a summary of the main theses of Berlin’s ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’, and thus provides a brief introduction to his views.
Gideon Yaffe
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199268559
- eISBN:
- 9780191601415
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019926855X.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Manifest Activity examines Thomas Reid's efforts to provide answers to a host of traditional philosophical questions concerning the nature of the will, the powers of human beings, motivation, and the ...
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Manifest Activity examines Thomas Reid's efforts to provide answers to a host of traditional philosophical questions concerning the nature of the will, the powers of human beings, motivation, and the relation between human action and natural change. The concept of ‘active power’ stands at the centre of Reid's philosophy of action. He holds that actions are all and only the events of which some creature is the ‘efficient cause’, and he thinks a creature is the efficient cause of an event just in case it has the power to bring that event about and exerts it. Reid's conception both of human actions and changes in nature is deeply teleological. He holds that to exert a power is to direct an event towards an end, and he holds that all changes, whether actions or events in nature, flow from the exertion of power. The book explains the details of this view, Reid's reasons for holding it, and its implications to our understanding of action, agency, and our relation to the natural world.Less
Manifest Activity examines Thomas Reid's efforts to provide answers to a host of traditional philosophical questions concerning the nature of the will, the powers of human beings, motivation, and the relation between human action and natural change. The concept of ‘active power’ stands at the centre of Reid's philosophy of action. He holds that actions are all and only the events of which some creature is the ‘efficient cause’, and he thinks a creature is the efficient cause of an event just in case it has the power to bring that event about and exerts it. Reid's conception both of human actions and changes in nature is deeply teleological. He holds that to exert a power is to direct an event towards an end, and he holds that all changes, whether actions or events in nature, flow from the exertion of power. The book explains the details of this view, Reid's reasons for holding it, and its implications to our understanding of action, agency, and our relation to the natural world.
Isaiah Berlin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199249893
- eISBN:
- 9780191598807
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924989X.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This item consists of two excerpts from Berlin’s ‘My Intellectual Path’, an autobiographical piece, which was the last essay he wrote. It was written to help introduce Chinese students of philosophy ...
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This item consists of two excerpts from Berlin’s ‘My Intellectual Path’, an autobiographical piece, which was the last essay he wrote. It was written to help introduce Chinese students of philosophy to contemporary western philosophy. The portions reprinted here give a reminiscence of ‘Historical Inevitability’ and ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’.Less
This item consists of two excerpts from Berlin’s ‘My Intellectual Path’, an autobiographical piece, which was the last essay he wrote. It was written to help introduce Chinese students of philosophy to contemporary western philosophy. The portions reprinted here give a reminiscence of ‘Historical Inevitability’ and ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’.
Randy E. Barnett
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159737
- eISBN:
- 9781400848133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159737.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter examines how a Presumption of Liberty can protect the unenumerable rights retained by the people by shifting the background interpretive presumption of constitutionality whenever ...
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This chapter examines how a Presumption of Liberty can protect the unenumerable rights retained by the people by shifting the background interpretive presumption of constitutionality whenever legislation restricts the liberties of the people. One approach that judges may take toward legislation restricting the retained liberties of the people is to protect all the rights retained by the people equally whether enumerated or unenumerated. The question that arises is how one would identify the unenumerated rights retained by the people, or how to define the “substantive sphere of liberty” that is protected by the Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Because ignoring all unenumerated rights violates the mandate of the Ninth Amendment, the chapter considers two alternatives: using originalism to identify specific unenumerated rights and the Presumption of Liberty.Less
This chapter examines how a Presumption of Liberty can protect the unenumerable rights retained by the people by shifting the background interpretive presumption of constitutionality whenever legislation restricts the liberties of the people. One approach that judges may take toward legislation restricting the retained liberties of the people is to protect all the rights retained by the people equally whether enumerated or unenumerated. The question that arises is how one would identify the unenumerated rights retained by the people, or how to define the “substantive sphere of liberty” that is protected by the Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Because ignoring all unenumerated rights violates the mandate of the Ninth Amendment, the chapter considers two alternatives: using originalism to identify specific unenumerated rights and the Presumption of Liberty.
Randy E. Barnett
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159737
- eISBN:
- 9781400848133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159737.003.0014
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter examines judicial doctrines to assess necessity. The Presumption of Liberty places the burden of establishing the propriety of laws on the government. Taking the First Amendment as a ...
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This chapter examines judicial doctrines to assess necessity. The Presumption of Liberty places the burden of establishing the propriety of laws on the government. Taking the First Amendment as a model, when law is used to accomplish a proper purpose by restricting the liberties of the people, the Presumption of Liberty imposes a burden on those defending the necessity of these restrictions to show two things. First, the government must prove that there is a sufficient “fit” between the liberty-restricting means it chose and the proper purposes it was seeking to attain. Second, the government must demonstrate that there were no less restrictive alternatives to the liberty-restricting means that were chosen. The chapter applies the Presumption of Liberty to particular cases, such as unenumerated rights and the right to keep and bear arms.Less
This chapter examines judicial doctrines to assess necessity. The Presumption of Liberty places the burden of establishing the propriety of laws on the government. Taking the First Amendment as a model, when law is used to accomplish a proper purpose by restricting the liberties of the people, the Presumption of Liberty imposes a burden on those defending the necessity of these restrictions to show two things. First, the government must prove that there is a sufficient “fit” between the liberty-restricting means it chose and the proper purposes it was seeking to attain. Second, the government must demonstrate that there were no less restrictive alternatives to the liberty-restricting means that were chosen. The chapter applies the Presumption of Liberty to particular cases, such as unenumerated rights and the right to keep and bear arms.
Randy E. Barnett
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159737
- eISBN:
- 9781400848133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159737.003.0015
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This concluding chapter argues that the original meaning of the entire Constitution, as amended, is much more libertarian than the one selectively enforced by the Supreme Court. It cites the evidence ...
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This concluding chapter argues that the original meaning of the entire Constitution, as amended, is much more libertarian than the one selectively enforced by the Supreme Court. It cites the evidence of original meaning presented in this book; for example, the “privileges or immunities” of citizens included natural rights as well as rights created by the adoption of the Bill of Rights. The term “commerce” unquestionably meant trade or exchange and did not extend to such other vital economic activities as manufacturing or agriculture. The “judicial power” included the power of to nullify unconstitutional statutes. The Ninth Amendment mandates that unenumerated rights shall not be denied or disparaged. The chapter asserts that attempts to perfect the Constitution by judicial construction conflict with and override its original meaning. It ends by insisting that the opportunity still exists to adopt a Presumption of Liberty and restore the lost Constitution.Less
This concluding chapter argues that the original meaning of the entire Constitution, as amended, is much more libertarian than the one selectively enforced by the Supreme Court. It cites the evidence of original meaning presented in this book; for example, the “privileges or immunities” of citizens included natural rights as well as rights created by the adoption of the Bill of Rights. The term “commerce” unquestionably meant trade or exchange and did not extend to such other vital economic activities as manufacturing or agriculture. The “judicial power” included the power of to nullify unconstitutional statutes. The Ninth Amendment mandates that unenumerated rights shall not be denied or disparaged. The chapter asserts that attempts to perfect the Constitution by judicial construction conflict with and override its original meaning. It ends by insisting that the opportunity still exists to adopt a Presumption of Liberty and restore the lost Constitution.
Raymond Plant
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199281756
- eISBN:
- 9780191713040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199281756.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Theory
This chapter deals with two broad themes. The first is the account of the nature and scope of rights adopted by the neo‐liberal. Obviously, an account of the nature of rights has to be made ...
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This chapter deals with two broad themes. The first is the account of the nature and scope of rights adopted by the neo‐liberal. Obviously, an account of the nature of rights has to be made compatible with the general nomocratic and rule‐governed nature of the neo‐liberal conception of the role of the state. Rights basically protect negative freedoms if they are to be at all compatible with the rule of law and separated from disputed moral conceptions. The second theme is the critique of social and economic rights, which social democrats have tended to favour as part of the pursuit of social justice within society. This is rejected by the neo‐liberal partly because the pursuit of social justice is seen to be a mirage in Hayek's own word and because there are other compelling arguments against the conception of social and economic rights.Less
This chapter deals with two broad themes. The first is the account of the nature and scope of rights adopted by the neo‐liberal. Obviously, an account of the nature of rights has to be made compatible with the general nomocratic and rule‐governed nature of the neo‐liberal conception of the role of the state. Rights basically protect negative freedoms if they are to be at all compatible with the rule of law and separated from disputed moral conceptions. The second theme is the critique of social and economic rights, which social democrats have tended to favour as part of the pursuit of social justice within society. This is rejected by the neo‐liberal partly because the pursuit of social justice is seen to be a mirage in Hayek's own word and because there are other compelling arguments against the conception of social and economic rights.
David Erdos
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199557769
- eISBN:
- 9780191594380
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557769.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This conclusionary chapter explores the implications of the Postmaterialist Trigger Thesis (PTT) of bill of rights institutionalization beyond the four Westminster democracies from whose experience ...
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This conclusionary chapter explores the implications of the Postmaterialist Trigger Thesis (PTT) of bill of rights institutionalization beyond the four Westminster democracies from whose experience it was developed. The first half of the chapter examines the wider direct applicability of the PTT, arguing that it should fit other instances of deliberate bill of rights institutionalization in internally stable, advanced democracies. The genesis of the Israeli Basic Laws on human rights (1992) is explored as an exemplar case. The second part considers the broader relevance of the PTT. It argues that the PTT's focus on the importance of political triggers in stable, advanced democratic settings importantly mirrors the emphasis on political transition within less‐stable settings. Finally, the book explores the postmaterialist conceptions of rights and bills of rights arguing that, in contrast to classic liberalism, these conceptions are not based on a presumption of State non‐interference. In fact, such conceptions have encouraged a reorientation of human rights so as to accommodate and, on occasion, even require State action. At the extreme, and despite their very different long‐term historical origins, postmaterialist bills of rights may become co‐opted into the State‐directed audit and risk management explosion which has become a hallmark of advanced industrialized democracy.Less
This conclusionary chapter explores the implications of the Postmaterialist Trigger Thesis (PTT) of bill of rights institutionalization beyond the four Westminster democracies from whose experience it was developed. The first half of the chapter examines the wider direct applicability of the PTT, arguing that it should fit other instances of deliberate bill of rights institutionalization in internally stable, advanced democracies. The genesis of the Israeli Basic Laws on human rights (1992) is explored as an exemplar case. The second part considers the broader relevance of the PTT. It argues that the PTT's focus on the importance of political triggers in stable, advanced democratic settings importantly mirrors the emphasis on political transition within less‐stable settings. Finally, the book explores the postmaterialist conceptions of rights and bills of rights arguing that, in contrast to classic liberalism, these conceptions are not based on a presumption of State non‐interference. In fact, such conceptions have encouraged a reorientation of human rights so as to accommodate and, on occasion, even require State action. At the extreme, and despite their very different long‐term historical origins, postmaterialist bills of rights may become co‐opted into the State‐directed audit and risk management explosion which has become a hallmark of advanced industrialized democracy.
Thomas J. Curry
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195145694
- eISBN:
- 9780199834129
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195145690.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Religious liberty depends on keeping the government out of religious matters, whereas religious toleration is a gift of government. Virginia's Bill for Religious Liberty and Massachusetts’ ...
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Religious liberty depends on keeping the government out of religious matters, whereas religious toleration is a gift of government. Virginia's Bill for Religious Liberty and Massachusetts’ Constitution of 1780 illustrated these contrasting concepts. The modern preoccupation with the meaning of establishment of religion overlooks the significance to Americans in 1789, of the free exercise of religion. So, too, modern emphasis on the image of “separation of Church and State” leads scholars away from an appreciation of the historical meaning of the Amendment.Less
Religious liberty depends on keeping the government out of religious matters, whereas religious toleration is a gift of government. Virginia's Bill for Religious Liberty and Massachusetts’ Constitution of 1780 illustrated these contrasting concepts. The modern preoccupation with the meaning of establishment of religion overlooks the significance to Americans in 1789, of the free exercise of religion. So, too, modern emphasis on the image of “separation of Church and State” leads scholars away from an appreciation of the historical meaning of the Amendment.
Thomas J. Curry
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195145694
- eISBN:
- 9780199834129
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195145690.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The enactment of the First Amendment did not automatically guarantee religious liberty. Americans came to see themselves as a Protestant Nation and enacted a de facto establishment of religion. The ...
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The enactment of the First Amendment did not automatically guarantee religious liberty. Americans came to see themselves as a Protestant Nation and enacted a de facto establishment of religion. The advent of Catholic immigrants provided the opposition and diversity needed to vindicate religious freedom. Historians have generally failed to recognize this development, and many of them continue to advocate an unhistorical nonpreferential establishment of religion, or to erroneously describe the Amendment as creating a “wall of separation” between Church and State.Less
The enactment of the First Amendment did not automatically guarantee religious liberty. Americans came to see themselves as a Protestant Nation and enacted a de facto establishment of religion. The advent of Catholic immigrants provided the opposition and diversity needed to vindicate religious freedom. Historians have generally failed to recognize this development, and many of them continue to advocate an unhistorical nonpreferential establishment of religion, or to erroneously describe the Amendment as creating a “wall of separation” between Church and State.
Douglas Robinson
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195076004
- eISBN:
- 9780199855131
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195076004.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
In all the readings of “Haircut” explored so far, Jim Kendall was sick, nasty, and twisted. He deserved to be put down like a dog. But if he was sick, so was the town that put him down. They were so ...
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In all the readings of “Haircut” explored so far, Jim Kendall was sick, nasty, and twisted. He deserved to be put down like a dog. But if he was sick, so was the town that put him down. They were so neurotically gripped with order, propriety, and doing the right thing, that they committed legal murder. But if the town was sick, so was the reader who tolerated the murder, and the writer who set the reader up to approve of it, and the Liberty editor who agreed to publish it in his magazine, and the society that condones such writing and reading and publishing.Less
In all the readings of “Haircut” explored so far, Jim Kendall was sick, nasty, and twisted. He deserved to be put down like a dog. But if he was sick, so was the town that put him down. They were so neurotically gripped with order, propriety, and doing the right thing, that they committed legal murder. But if the town was sick, so was the reader who tolerated the murder, and the writer who set the reader up to approve of it, and the Liberty editor who agreed to publish it in his magazine, and the society that condones such writing and reading and publishing.
Benjamin L. Carp
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304022
- eISBN:
- 9780199788606
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304022.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
City dwellers collected together in taverns to eat and drink, converse, exchange news and information, and debate politics. New York City stood at the pinnacle of alcohol consumption, communication, ...
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City dwellers collected together in taverns to eat and drink, converse, exchange news and information, and debate politics. New York City stood at the pinnacle of alcohol consumption, communication, and sociability in the American colonies. New York's taverns and grogshops frequently played host to British officers, troops, and sailors, bringing the Sons of Liberty and friends of government face to face. Clubs and associations, laws and polite hierarchies were in place to maintain an orderly tavern setting. Yet rebels and other dissenters often capitalized on the entropic, drunken atmosphere of taverns to create societal disorder and political upheaval. In the complex world of New York politics, whichever faction could organize and rally tavern companies would have the greatest success at mobilizing the populace. During the imperial crisis, taverns or public houses brought together a cross‐class political network that was necessary for the coherence of a revolutionary alliance.Less
City dwellers collected together in taverns to eat and drink, converse, exchange news and information, and debate politics. New York City stood at the pinnacle of alcohol consumption, communication, and sociability in the American colonies. New York's taverns and grogshops frequently played host to British officers, troops, and sailors, bringing the Sons of Liberty and friends of government face to face. Clubs and associations, laws and polite hierarchies were in place to maintain an orderly tavern setting. Yet rebels and other dissenters often capitalized on the entropic, drunken atmosphere of taverns to create societal disorder and political upheaval. In the complex world of New York politics, whichever faction could organize and rally tavern companies would have the greatest success at mobilizing the populace. During the imperial crisis, taverns or public houses brought together a cross‐class political network that was necessary for the coherence of a revolutionary alliance.
Charles R. Geisst
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195130867
- eISBN:
- 9780199871155
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195130863.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History, Financial Economics
The money trust and the development of the Federal Reserve. The central role of Wall Street power brokers in the country and the increasing sophistication of the exchanges. The Pecora hearings in ...
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The money trust and the development of the Federal Reserve. The central role of Wall Street power brokers in the country and the increasing sophistication of the exchanges. The Pecora hearings in Congress, revealing the inner workings of the money trust, the death of Pierpont Morgan, World War I financing, Liberty Bonds, and the role of bankers again as central figures in the power structure of the country.Less
The money trust and the development of the Federal Reserve. The central role of Wall Street power brokers in the country and the increasing sophistication of the exchanges. The Pecora hearings in Congress, revealing the inner workings of the money trust, the death of Pierpont Morgan, World War I financing, Liberty Bonds, and the role of bankers again as central figures in the power structure of the country.
Jessica M. Parr
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628461985
- eISBN:
- 9781626744998
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628461985.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Following Whitefield’s death and entombment (and some would say enshrinement) in the Old South Presbyterian Church in Newburyport, MA, his followers worked quickly to preserve his memory. They ...
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Following Whitefield’s death and entombment (and some would say enshrinement) in the Old South Presbyterian Church in Newburyport, MA, his followers worked quickly to preserve his memory. They republished many of his writings and sermons. They printed memoirs. They perpetuated a legacy that continued to defy denominational and geographic boundaries. His tomb became a sight of pilgrimage, including ritualized handling of his skull and removal of trophies from his coffin. In many ways, Whitefield became more powerful as a symbol in death than he was in life.Less
Following Whitefield’s death and entombment (and some would say enshrinement) in the Old South Presbyterian Church in Newburyport, MA, his followers worked quickly to preserve his memory. They republished many of his writings and sermons. They printed memoirs. They perpetuated a legacy that continued to defy denominational and geographic boundaries. His tomb became a sight of pilgrimage, including ritualized handling of his skull and removal of trophies from his coffin. In many ways, Whitefield became more powerful as a symbol in death than he was in life.
Corey M. Brooks
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226307282
- eISBN:
- 9780226307312
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226307312.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This book tells the story of how abolitionist activists built the most transformative third-party movement in American history and set in motion changes that eventuated in the rise of the Republican ...
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This book tells the story of how abolitionist activists built the most transformative third-party movement in American history and set in motion changes that eventuated in the rise of the Republican Party, and ultimately, the Civil War and the abolition of American slavery. Because of the longstanding bifurcation between studies of the antislavery movement and studies of the sectional conflict, political abolitionists’ vital role in both has been too frequently overlooked. This book corrects this disconnect and shows how political abolitionists, working first through the Liberty Party and then the Free Soil Party, reshaped national politics. Savvy third-party leaders pioneered and disseminated the politically critical but often-misunderstood Slave Power concept, which this book reframes as an argument about party politics. Identifying the Second Party System of Whigs and Democrats as the mainstay of the Slave Power’s supremacy, political abolitionists insisted that only a party independent of slaveholder influence could overthrow the Slave Power’s control of the federal government. Through a series of shrewd electoral, lobbying, and legislative tactics, the Liberty and Free Soil Parties wielded power far beyond their numbers and helped reorient national political debate around slavery. Focusing especially on the U.S. Congress, political abolitionists popularized their Slave Power argument and helped generate controversy over slavery’s westward expansion to destroy the Second Party System and erect the Republican Party as the first major party independent of the Slave Power.Less
This book tells the story of how abolitionist activists built the most transformative third-party movement in American history and set in motion changes that eventuated in the rise of the Republican Party, and ultimately, the Civil War and the abolition of American slavery. Because of the longstanding bifurcation between studies of the antislavery movement and studies of the sectional conflict, political abolitionists’ vital role in both has been too frequently overlooked. This book corrects this disconnect and shows how political abolitionists, working first through the Liberty Party and then the Free Soil Party, reshaped national politics. Savvy third-party leaders pioneered and disseminated the politically critical but often-misunderstood Slave Power concept, which this book reframes as an argument about party politics. Identifying the Second Party System of Whigs and Democrats as the mainstay of the Slave Power’s supremacy, political abolitionists insisted that only a party independent of slaveholder influence could overthrow the Slave Power’s control of the federal government. Through a series of shrewd electoral, lobbying, and legislative tactics, the Liberty and Free Soil Parties wielded power far beyond their numbers and helped reorient national political debate around slavery. Focusing especially on the U.S. Congress, political abolitionists popularized their Slave Power argument and helped generate controversy over slavery’s westward expansion to destroy the Second Party System and erect the Republican Party as the first major party independent of the Slave Power.
Veronica Makowsky
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195078664
- eISBN:
- 9780199855117
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195078664.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama
Susan Glaspell was at once blessed and cursed by her birth year. In 1876, America was celebrating its centennial, and, as Martha Banta reminds us, the American Girl became a main symbol for the ...
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Susan Glaspell was at once blessed and cursed by her birth year. In 1876, America was celebrating its centennial, and, as Martha Banta reminds us, the American Girl became a main symbol for the succeeding three decades. While these “girls” in the popular press, advertisements, and art were packaged as important and strong, their strength did not arise from themselves, but from their combination with the principles of their culture. Importantly, it is an iconography of girls, not women, as befits the American worship of youth. When the appealingly bold girl becomes a wise and challenging woman, she is no longer the icon on the Liberty dime but the caricature of the threatening has-been, the smothering mother. Susan Glaspell’s life is a notable example of such recognition and plights for American women from 1876 to 1948.Less
Susan Glaspell was at once blessed and cursed by her birth year. In 1876, America was celebrating its centennial, and, as Martha Banta reminds us, the American Girl became a main symbol for the succeeding three decades. While these “girls” in the popular press, advertisements, and art were packaged as important and strong, their strength did not arise from themselves, but from their combination with the principles of their culture. Importantly, it is an iconography of girls, not women, as befits the American worship of youth. When the appealingly bold girl becomes a wise and challenging woman, she is no longer the icon on the Liberty dime but the caricature of the threatening has-been, the smothering mother. Susan Glaspell’s life is a notable example of such recognition and plights for American women from 1876 to 1948.
Peter de Marneffe
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195383249
- eISBN:
- 9780199870554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195383249.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
Although some paternalistic government policies are morally wrong, not all are. Even some “hard” paternalistic policies are morally justifiable. This position is consistent with a due respect for ...
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Although some paternalistic government policies are morally wrong, not all are. Even some “hard” paternalistic policies are morally justifiable. This position is consistent with a due respect for individual autonomy. J. S. Mill's arguments in On Liberty fail to provide good reasons to think that all paternalistic prostitution laws are unjustifiable. Recent academic critics of prostitution laws, Lars Ericsson, Martha Nussbaum, and David Richards, fail to give convincing grounds to oppose all paternalistic prostitution laws. The contractualist views of John Rawls and T. M. Scanlon provide no reason to believe that paternalism is always wrong. The cliché that “it is not the government's business to protect us against ourselves” is considered and rejected as a basis for opposing paternalistic prostitution laws.Less
Although some paternalistic government policies are morally wrong, not all are. Even some “hard” paternalistic policies are morally justifiable. This position is consistent with a due respect for individual autonomy. J. S. Mill's arguments in On Liberty fail to provide good reasons to think that all paternalistic prostitution laws are unjustifiable. Recent academic critics of prostitution laws, Lars Ericsson, Martha Nussbaum, and David Richards, fail to give convincing grounds to oppose all paternalistic prostitution laws. The contractualist views of John Rawls and T. M. Scanlon provide no reason to believe that paternalism is always wrong. The cliché that “it is not the government's business to protect us against ourselves” is considered and rejected as a basis for opposing paternalistic prostitution laws.
James ƠToole
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195096446
- eISBN:
- 9780199854875
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195096446.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management
This chapter discusses the difficulties that modern executive leaders face due to “cross-cultural empowerment”, leaving them less “free to choose”, in the famous words of Milton Friedman, due to the ...
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This chapter discusses the difficulties that modern executive leaders face due to “cross-cultural empowerment”, leaving them less “free to choose”, in the famous words of Milton Friedman, due to the sensitivities of a corporation's constituencies. Thus, the question indeed is “Whose Values?”. To avoid such complexities, business managers choose to simplify the issue. However, simplicity doesn't mean stressing only one value, or sacrificing other equally important ones. The answer to such a question leads to the enhancement of understanding. This chapter also discusses the five roles that executives play in the workplace and the role of democracy.Less
This chapter discusses the difficulties that modern executive leaders face due to “cross-cultural empowerment”, leaving them less “free to choose”, in the famous words of Milton Friedman, due to the sensitivities of a corporation's constituencies. Thus, the question indeed is “Whose Values?”. To avoid such complexities, business managers choose to simplify the issue. However, simplicity doesn't mean stressing only one value, or sacrificing other equally important ones. The answer to such a question leads to the enhancement of understanding. This chapter also discusses the five roles that executives play in the workplace and the role of democracy.
James Sambrook
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198117889
- eISBN:
- 9780191671104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198117889.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
This chapter discusses the late success of Sophonisba and how it helped Thomson gather even more wealthy and influential patrons, including the Prince of Wales. The discussions in this chapter ...
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This chapter discusses the late success of Sophonisba and how it helped Thomson gather even more wealthy and influential patrons, including the Prince of Wales. The discussions in this chapter include another work of Thomson, which is the poem Liberty, as well as the steps that were taken in order to publish the poem.Less
This chapter discusses the late success of Sophonisba and how it helped Thomson gather even more wealthy and influential patrons, including the Prince of Wales. The discussions in this chapter include another work of Thomson, which is the poem Liberty, as well as the steps that were taken in order to publish the poem.
