David T. Johnson and Franklin E. Zimring
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195337402
- eISBN:
- 9780199868674
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195337402.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
In South Korea and Taiwan, capital punishment has been highly open to change during the development and democratization processes, and its importance in those societies has been deeply political and ...
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In South Korea and Taiwan, capital punishment has been highly open to change during the development and democratization processes, and its importance in those societies has been deeply political and symbolic. But the death penalty in these two jurisdictions can hardly be called a minor institution with “minuscule impact,” for democratic transitions in both places have pivoted on the imperative of distancing the present from a past in which capital punishment was a familiar feature of law and politics. This chapter and the next focus on two central questions. First, what explains the rapid decline of capital punishment in South Korea and Taiwan during the last decade and the purposeful pursuit of abolition in both places? And second, to what extent will South Korea and Taiwan become an Asian vanguard, leading other jurisdictions in the region on the road to life without the death penalty?Less
In South Korea and Taiwan, capital punishment has been highly open to change during the development and democratization processes, and its importance in those societies has been deeply political and symbolic. But the death penalty in these two jurisdictions can hardly be called a minor institution with “minuscule impact,” for democratic transitions in both places have pivoted on the imperative of distancing the present from a past in which capital punishment was a familiar feature of law and politics. This chapter and the next focus on two central questions. First, what explains the rapid decline of capital punishment in South Korea and Taiwan during the last decade and the purposeful pursuit of abolition in both places? And second, to what extent will South Korea and Taiwan become an Asian vanguard, leading other jurisdictions in the region on the road to life without the death penalty?
Robert Markley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780252042751
- eISBN:
- 9780252051616
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252042751.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
Kim Stanley Robinson is the first full-length study of one of the most widely read and influential science-fiction writers of our era. In dicussing eighteen of his novels published since 1984 and a ...
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Kim Stanley Robinson is the first full-length study of one of the most widely read and influential science-fiction writers of our era. In dicussing eighteen of his novels published since 1984 and a selection of his short fiction, this study explores the significance of his work in reshaping contemporary literature. Three of the chapters are devoted to Robinson’s major trilogies: the Orange County trilogy (1984-90), the Mars trilogy (1992-96), and the Science in the Capital trilogy (2004-07). Two other chapters consider his groundbreaking alternative histories, including “The Lucky Strike” (1984), The Years of Rice and Salt (2002), and Shaman (2014), and his future histories set among colonies in the solar system, notably Galileo’s Dream (2009) and 2312 (2012). The concluding chapter examines Robinson’s most recent novels Aurora (2015) and New York 2140 (2017). In interviews, Robinson describes his fiction as weaving together, in various combinations, Marxism, ecology, and Buddhist thought, and all of his novels explore how we might imagine forms of utopian political action. His novels—from the Mars trilogy to New York 2140—offer a range of possible futures that chart humankind’s uneven progress, often over centuries, toward the greening of science, technology, economics, and politics. Robinson filters our knowledge of the past and our imagination of possible futures through two superimposed lenses: the ecological fate of the Earth (or other planets) and the far-reaching consequences of moral, political, and socioeconomic decisions of individuals, often scientists and artists, caught up in world or solar-systemic events. In this respect, his fiction charts a collective struggle to think beyond the contradictions of historical existence, and beyond our locations in time, culture, and geography.Less
Kim Stanley Robinson is the first full-length study of one of the most widely read and influential science-fiction writers of our era. In dicussing eighteen of his novels published since 1984 and a selection of his short fiction, this study explores the significance of his work in reshaping contemporary literature. Three of the chapters are devoted to Robinson’s major trilogies: the Orange County trilogy (1984-90), the Mars trilogy (1992-96), and the Science in the Capital trilogy (2004-07). Two other chapters consider his groundbreaking alternative histories, including “The Lucky Strike” (1984), The Years of Rice and Salt (2002), and Shaman (2014), and his future histories set among colonies in the solar system, notably Galileo’s Dream (2009) and 2312 (2012). The concluding chapter examines Robinson’s most recent novels Aurora (2015) and New York 2140 (2017). In interviews, Robinson describes his fiction as weaving together, in various combinations, Marxism, ecology, and Buddhist thought, and all of his novels explore how we might imagine forms of utopian political action. His novels—from the Mars trilogy to New York 2140—offer a range of possible futures that chart humankind’s uneven progress, often over centuries, toward the greening of science, technology, economics, and politics. Robinson filters our knowledge of the past and our imagination of possible futures through two superimposed lenses: the ecological fate of the Earth (or other planets) and the far-reaching consequences of moral, political, and socioeconomic decisions of individuals, often scientists and artists, caught up in world or solar-systemic events. In this respect, his fiction charts a collective struggle to think beyond the contradictions of historical existence, and beyond our locations in time, culture, and geography.
Josephine Nock-Hee Park
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195332735
- eISBN:
- 9780199868148
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195332735.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry, American, 20th Century Literature
This chapter examines the legacy of high modernism in the work of avant‐garde Asian American artists at the end of the 20th century. Returning to a history of transpacific alliances in their work, ...
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This chapter examines the legacy of high modernism in the work of avant‐garde Asian American artists at the end of the 20th century. Returning to a history of transpacific alliances in their work, Theresa Hak Kyung Cha and Myung Mi Kim explore the costs of such ties in formal terms by newly invoking modernist forms. This chapter argues that their experimental poetry dissects modernist aesthetics in order to interrogate U.S.‐East Asian alliances.Less
This chapter examines the legacy of high modernism in the work of avant‐garde Asian American artists at the end of the 20th century. Returning to a history of transpacific alliances in their work, Theresa Hak Kyung Cha and Myung Mi Kim explore the costs of such ties in formal terms by newly invoking modernist forms. This chapter argues that their experimental poetry dissects modernist aesthetics in order to interrogate U.S.‐East Asian alliances.
Neal Judisch
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199556182
- eISBN:
- 9780191721014
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199556182.003.0012
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Metaphysics/Epistemology
The most compelling reason to accept materialism in the philosophy of mind derives from our common commitment to mental causation: inasmuch as mental phenomena are causally efficacious, and inasmuch ...
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The most compelling reason to accept materialism in the philosophy of mind derives from our common commitment to mental causation: inasmuch as mental phenomena are causally efficacious, and inasmuch as whatever has a cause has a physical cause, there is considerable pressure to identify mental with physical phenomena. At the hands of Jaegwon Kim, this argument has been formulated in such a way as to force the choice between eliminativism, since causally inefficacious mental properties would be in some sense unreal; and reductionism, since mental properties are causally efficacious only if they can be physically reduced. This chapter shows that if Kim's argument against antireductionist theories of mind is successful, then his own reductionist theory falls victim to the same plight: for Kim's Supervenience Argument entails that a theory of mind salvages mental causation only if, on that theory, mental properties (1) are multiply realizable; (2) are physically reducible; and (3) have instances that are causally efficacious in virtue of being mental property-instances; yet Kim's reductionist theory is unable jointly to satisfy these conditions. The result is that the argument from mental causation is either too weak to force acceptance of materialism, or too strong to allow for the consistency of mental causation with any theory of mind but classical type physicalism, a theory with well-advertised problems of its own.Less
The most compelling reason to accept materialism in the philosophy of mind derives from our common commitment to mental causation: inasmuch as mental phenomena are causally efficacious, and inasmuch as whatever has a cause has a physical cause, there is considerable pressure to identify mental with physical phenomena. At the hands of Jaegwon Kim, this argument has been formulated in such a way as to force the choice between eliminativism, since causally inefficacious mental properties would be in some sense unreal; and reductionism, since mental properties are causally efficacious only if they can be physically reduced. This chapter shows that if Kim's argument against antireductionist theories of mind is successful, then his own reductionist theory falls victim to the same plight: for Kim's Supervenience Argument entails that a theory of mind salvages mental causation only if, on that theory, mental properties (1) are multiply realizable; (2) are physically reducible; and (3) have instances that are causally efficacious in virtue of being mental property-instances; yet Kim's reductionist theory is unable jointly to satisfy these conditions. The result is that the argument from mental causation is either too weak to force acceptance of materialism, or too strong to allow for the consistency of mental causation with any theory of mind but classical type physicalism, a theory with well-advertised problems of its own.
Jonardon Ganeri
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199652365
- eISBN:
- 9780191740718
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199652365.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, History of Philosophy
This chapter distinguishes between emergentist and epiphenomenalist strands in early Cārvāka theory, and demonstrates that Cārvāka emergentists are committed to supervenience. Emergentism seeks ...
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This chapter distinguishes between emergentist and epiphenomenalist strands in early Cārvāka theory, and demonstrates that Cārvāka emergentists are committed to supervenience. Emergentism seeks simultaneously to respect the idea that the mental is dependent on the physical and that it has causal autonomy with respect to it. These find expression in emergentism's commitment to a supervenience thesis and an irreducibility thesis. The leading idea in discussions about emergence is that systems of appropriate organisational complexity have causal powers which the components in the system, whether individually or together, do not. Jaegwon Kim has argued that the two key issues for the development of emergentism as a viable theory of mind are to give a positive characterisation of the relation of emergence, beyond the mere denial of reducibility, and to solve the problem of downward causation, otherwise known as the exclusion problem. This is the problem that an instantiation of the supervenience base is apparently a sufficient cause for any effect attributed to an instantiation of the supervening properties. One seems forced to choose between reductionism and epiphenomenalism: genuinely novel emergent causal power is excluded.Less
This chapter distinguishes between emergentist and epiphenomenalist strands in early Cārvāka theory, and demonstrates that Cārvāka emergentists are committed to supervenience. Emergentism seeks simultaneously to respect the idea that the mental is dependent on the physical and that it has causal autonomy with respect to it. These find expression in emergentism's commitment to a supervenience thesis and an irreducibility thesis. The leading idea in discussions about emergence is that systems of appropriate organisational complexity have causal powers which the components in the system, whether individually or together, do not. Jaegwon Kim has argued that the two key issues for the development of emergentism as a viable theory of mind are to give a positive characterisation of the relation of emergence, beyond the mere denial of reducibility, and to solve the problem of downward causation, otherwise known as the exclusion problem. This is the problem that an instantiation of the supervenience base is apparently a sufficient cause for any effect attributed to an instantiation of the supervening properties. One seems forced to choose between reductionism and epiphenomenalism: genuinely novel emergent causal power is excluded.
Chong Chon-Smith
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628462050
- eISBN:
- 9781626745292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628462050.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter addresses the conductive intersection of live performance by Asian American men in hip-hop music and spoken word and links the possibilities of Asian-Black cultural fusions and internet ...
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This chapter addresses the conductive intersection of live performance by Asian American men in hip-hop music and spoken word and links the possibilities of Asian-Black cultural fusions and internet productions as their main medium of communication. It calls attention to the role of public intellectuals, such as Denizen Kane of I Was Born with Two Tongues, and the role of art, activism, and culture intertwined with Asian American cultural production and Black musical expressions. The Mountain Brothers offer a different perspective on Asian-Black connections in hip-hop because they are an Asian American group signed by street credible Ruff House Records. Significantly, this chapter focuses on little understood, yet highly significant cultural practices taking place in Asian American communities, especially youth and internet cultures. All together, it emphasizes the Asian-Black interface of spoken word and hip-hop as an avant-garde revolutionary practice, as the practitioners claim, one that disrupts the constancy of racial magnetism in matters of social policy and public discourse.Less
This chapter addresses the conductive intersection of live performance by Asian American men in hip-hop music and spoken word and links the possibilities of Asian-Black cultural fusions and internet productions as their main medium of communication. It calls attention to the role of public intellectuals, such as Denizen Kane of I Was Born with Two Tongues, and the role of art, activism, and culture intertwined with Asian American cultural production and Black musical expressions. The Mountain Brothers offer a different perspective on Asian-Black connections in hip-hop because they are an Asian American group signed by street credible Ruff House Records. Significantly, this chapter focuses on little understood, yet highly significant cultural practices taking place in Asian American communities, especially youth and internet cultures. All together, it emphasizes the Asian-Black interface of spoken word and hip-hop as an avant-garde revolutionary practice, as the practitioners claim, one that disrupts the constancy of racial magnetism in matters of social policy and public discourse.
Carl F. Craver
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199299317
- eISBN:
- 9780191715075
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299317.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Science
This chapter argues that there are true generalizations describing relations of causal relevance among realized properties (that is, properties at a higher level of realization) that are not true of ...
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This chapter argues that there are true generalizations describing relations of causal relevance among realized properties (that is, properties at a higher level of realization) that are not true of the causal relevance relations among their realizers. One might argue that these relations of causal relevance provide good reason to believe that there are novel causal powers among realized properties, or one might insist that these relationships can best be explained by the organized manifestation of fundamental properties and causal powers. Whatever metaphysics one chooses to endorse, however, the relations of causal relevance are robust enough to satisfy constraints (E1)-(E5), and they are useful for the purposes of manipulation and control. Sections 2 and 3 emphasize and elaborate certain aspects of the manipulationist view of causal relevance introduced in Chapter 3. The chapter then returns to Kim's causal exclusion argument.Less
This chapter argues that there are true generalizations describing relations of causal relevance among realized properties (that is, properties at a higher level of realization) that are not true of the causal relevance relations among their realizers. One might argue that these relations of causal relevance provide good reason to believe that there are novel causal powers among realized properties, or one might insist that these relationships can best be explained by the organized manifestation of fundamental properties and causal powers. Whatever metaphysics one chooses to endorse, however, the relations of causal relevance are robust enough to satisfy constraints (E1)-(E5), and they are useful for the purposes of manipulation and control. Sections 2 and 3 emphasize and elaborate certain aspects of the manipulationist view of causal relevance introduced in Chapter 3. The chapter then returns to Kim's causal exclusion argument.
James C. Mohr
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195162318
- eISBN:
- 9780199788910
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162318.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
On December 13, the Board of Health imposed a quarantine around the Chinatown district of Honolulu along with a mandatory clean-up inside it. This brought hardship to those confined and evoked ...
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On December 13, the Board of Health imposed a quarantine around the Chinatown district of Honolulu along with a mandatory clean-up inside it. This brought hardship to those confined and evoked protest from the Chinese consul Yang Wei Pin and vice-consul Gu Kim Fui and from the Japanese consul Saito Miki. Mandatory cremation of plague victims further alienated Chinese and Hawaiian residents.Less
On December 13, the Board of Health imposed a quarantine around the Chinatown district of Honolulu along with a mandatory clean-up inside it. This brought hardship to those confined and evoked protest from the Chinese consul Yang Wei Pin and vice-consul Gu Kim Fui and from the Japanese consul Saito Miki. Mandatory cremation of plague victims further alienated Chinese and Hawaiian residents.
Robert C. Koons and George Bealer (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199556182
- eISBN:
- 9780191721014
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199556182.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Metaphysics/Epistemology
In this book twenty-three philosophers examine the doctrine of materialism and find it wanting. The case against materialism comprises arguments from conscious experience, from the unity and identity ...
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In this book twenty-three philosophers examine the doctrine of materialism and find it wanting. The case against materialism comprises arguments from conscious experience, from the unity and identity of the person, from intentionality, mental causation, and knowledge. This book responds to the most recent versions and defences of materialism. The modal arguments of Kripke and Chalmers, Jackson's knowledge argument, Kim's exclusion problem, and Burge's anti-individualism all play a part in the building of a powerful cumulative case against the materialist research program. Several chapters address the implications of contemporary brain and cognitive research (the psychophysics of color perception, blindsight, and the effects of commissurotomies), adding a posteriori arguments to the classical a priori critique of reductionism. All of the current versions of materialism — reductive and non-reductive, functionalist, eliminativist, and new wave materialism — come under sustained and trenchant attack. In addition, a wide variety of alternatives to the materialist conception of the person receive new and illuminating attention, including anti-materialist versions of naturalism, property dualism, Aristotelian and Thomistic hylomorphism, and non-Cartesian accounts of substance dualism.Less
In this book twenty-three philosophers examine the doctrine of materialism and find it wanting. The case against materialism comprises arguments from conscious experience, from the unity and identity of the person, from intentionality, mental causation, and knowledge. This book responds to the most recent versions and defences of materialism. The modal arguments of Kripke and Chalmers, Jackson's knowledge argument, Kim's exclusion problem, and Burge's anti-individualism all play a part in the building of a powerful cumulative case against the materialist research program. Several chapters address the implications of contemporary brain and cognitive research (the psychophysics of color perception, blindsight, and the effects of commissurotomies), adding a posteriori arguments to the classical a priori critique of reductionism. All of the current versions of materialism — reductive and non-reductive, functionalist, eliminativist, and new wave materialism — come under sustained and trenchant attack. In addition, a wide variety of alternatives to the materialist conception of the person receive new and illuminating attention, including anti-materialist versions of naturalism, property dualism, Aristotelian and Thomistic hylomorphism, and non-Cartesian accounts of substance dualism.
Michael S. Kelly, Johnny S. Kim, and Cynthia Franklin
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195366297
- eISBN:
- 9780199864010
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195366297.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter highlights the contributions made by solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) pioneers Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer, as well as other school-based SFBT practitioners and scholars. It ...
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This chapter highlights the contributions made by solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) pioneers Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer, as well as other school-based SFBT practitioners and scholars. It looks at the main facets of the SFBT approach, specifically the way solution-focused practitioners think about change, client capacities, and the nature of client resistance. It also contrasts the techniques of SFBT with other well-known treatment approaches used in schools, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), to show how SFBT differs from other approaches that school social workers are already using.Less
This chapter highlights the contributions made by solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) pioneers Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer, as well as other school-based SFBT practitioners and scholars. It looks at the main facets of the SFBT approach, specifically the way solution-focused practitioners think about change, client capacities, and the nature of client resistance. It also contrasts the techniques of SFBT with other well-known treatment approaches used in schools, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), to show how SFBT differs from other approaches that school social workers are already using.
Peter van Inwagen
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199766864
- eISBN:
- 9780199932184
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199766864.003.0014
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This paper concerns the results of combining two sets of metaphysical theses. The theses in the first set belong to ontology in the most general sense. They can be summed up in these words: ...
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This paper concerns the results of combining two sets of metaphysical theses. The theses in the first set belong to ontology in the most general sense. They can be summed up in these words: everything is either a substance or a relation (attributes being unary relations and propositions being “0-ary” relations); relations are abstract objects and, therefore, do not enter into causal relations. (Note that it follows from the first thesis that there are no events, because an event would be neither a substance nor a relation.) The second set of theses has to do with causation. They may be summarized as follows: although there are many causal relations—and although there are causal explanations—there is no such relation as “causation;” all causal relations hold between substances. When these two sets of metaphysical theses are combined, they can be seen to have important implications for the philosophy of mind.Less
This paper concerns the results of combining two sets of metaphysical theses. The theses in the first set belong to ontology in the most general sense. They can be summed up in these words: everything is either a substance or a relation (attributes being unary relations and propositions being “0-ary” relations); relations are abstract objects and, therefore, do not enter into causal relations. (Note that it follows from the first thesis that there are no events, because an event would be neither a substance nor a relation.) The second set of theses has to do with causation. They may be summarized as follows: although there are many causal relations—and although there are causal explanations—there is no such relation as “causation;” all causal relations hold between substances. When these two sets of metaphysical theses are combined, they can be seen to have important implications for the philosophy of mind.
Alex Kirlik
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199765140
- eISBN:
- 9780199863358
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765140.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Human-Technology Interaction
This chapter presents the reprinted article “Toward Jeffersonian Research Programmes in Ergonomics Science” by Kim Vicente. Here, Vicente presents and advocates a Human-tech research approach and ...
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This chapter presents the reprinted article “Toward Jeffersonian Research Programmes in Ergonomics Science” by Kim Vicente. Here, Vicente presents and advocates a Human-tech research approach and agenda grounded in the tenets of Jeffersonian and representative democracy. The key message in this chapter is that a Human-tech research approach necessarily requires a broad, catholic perspective on viewing and selecting one's research methods and techniques.Less
This chapter presents the reprinted article “Toward Jeffersonian Research Programmes in Ergonomics Science” by Kim Vicente. Here, Vicente presents and advocates a Human-tech research approach and agenda grounded in the tenets of Jeffersonian and representative democracy. The key message in this chapter is that a Human-tech research approach necessarily requires a broad, catholic perspective on viewing and selecting one's research methods and techniques.
Alex Kirlik
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199765140
- eISBN:
- 9780199863358
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765140.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Human-Technology Interaction
This chapter presents the reprinted article “The Earth is spherical (p 〈 0.05): Alternative methods of statistical inference” by Kim J. Vicente and Gerard L. Torenvliet. The chapter argues that “the ...
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This chapter presents the reprinted article “The Earth is spherical (p 〈 0.05): Alternative methods of statistical inference” by Kim J. Vicente and Gerard L. Torenvliet. The chapter argues that “the statistical analysis techniques that are most familiar to, and most frequently used by, ergonomics scientists and practitioners have important limitations that could be overcome if we also relied on alternative methods of statistical inference.” There is little to disagree with in the chapter's rebellious stature toward what it takes as entrenched statistical practice in the social and behavioral sciences, but there have been many improvements along the lines the chapter advocates in the years since this article in this chapter was originally published.Less
This chapter presents the reprinted article “The Earth is spherical (p 〈 0.05): Alternative methods of statistical inference” by Kim J. Vicente and Gerard L. Torenvliet. The chapter argues that “the statistical analysis techniques that are most familiar to, and most frequently used by, ergonomics scientists and practitioners have important limitations that could be overcome if we also relied on alternative methods of statistical inference.” There is little to disagree with in the chapter's rebellious stature toward what it takes as entrenched statistical practice in the social and behavioral sciences, but there have been many improvements along the lines the chapter advocates in the years since this article in this chapter was originally published.
Michael Golston
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231164306
- eISBN:
- 9780231538633
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231164306.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Chapter 3 is a study of allegory in Language poetry, specifically in the works of Peter Inman, Lyn Hejinian, and Myung Mi Kim (the latter, strictly speaking, a post-Language poet). It begins by ...
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Chapter 3 is a study of allegory in Language poetry, specifically in the works of Peter Inman, Lyn Hejinian, and Myung Mi Kim (the latter, strictly speaking, a post-Language poet). It begins by discussing the Language poets’ interests in Russian Formalism and particularly in Roman Jakobson’s theory of metaphor and metonymy and axial projection. It then describes how Inman’s poem allegorically transcodes writing and Fordist assembly line production in order to treat American history and especially North American native peoples; how Kim’s poem transcodes colonialism and the printing press; and how Hejinian uses the alphabet as a page-specific grid to organize fragments of texts she collects from various sources, and notably from the works of Jean Piaget.Less
Chapter 3 is a study of allegory in Language poetry, specifically in the works of Peter Inman, Lyn Hejinian, and Myung Mi Kim (the latter, strictly speaking, a post-Language poet). It begins by discussing the Language poets’ interests in Russian Formalism and particularly in Roman Jakobson’s theory of metaphor and metonymy and axial projection. It then describes how Inman’s poem allegorically transcodes writing and Fordist assembly line production in order to treat American history and especially North American native peoples; how Kim’s poem transcodes colonialism and the printing press; and how Hejinian uses the alphabet as a page-specific grid to organize fragments of texts she collects from various sources, and notably from the works of Jean Piaget.
Michael Jubien
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199556182
- eISBN:
- 9780191721014
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199556182.003.0016
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter suggests that if we take materialism simply to be the doctrine that human beings are entirely material entities, then a certain version of ‘property dualism’ is fully compatible with ...
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This chapter suggests that if we take materialism simply to be the doctrine that human beings are entirely material entities, then a certain version of ‘property dualism’ is fully compatible with materialism and is indeed the most plausible account of the mental available. The latter claim is supported in part by an argument exploiting Jaegwon Kim's well-known conception of events as objects having properties at times. The argument concludes that ‘token-token’ identity theories are actually committed to ‘type-type’ identities. It is then argued from the perspective of conceptual analysis and linguistic competence that the relevant type identities are straightforwardly false. This argument is contrasted with familiar arguments from intentionality and conceivability and is held to be more fundamental. Arguments from obscurity and from mental causation against property dualism are addressed. Finally, it is suggested (following Russell) that causation is essentially a ‘folk’ concept playing no real role in the hard sciences, whose fundamental goal is instead the discovery of law-like connections between properties of material objects. When intuitively ‘mental’ properties are ultimately connected in law-like ways with intuitively ‘physical’ properties, the upshot will be a broadening of our conception of physical properties so that they will include those we may now consider intuitively to be mental in a sense incompatible with being physical. Thus, the dualism of property dualism would merely amount to a difference between types of physical properties.Less
This chapter suggests that if we take materialism simply to be the doctrine that human beings are entirely material entities, then a certain version of ‘property dualism’ is fully compatible with materialism and is indeed the most plausible account of the mental available. The latter claim is supported in part by an argument exploiting Jaegwon Kim's well-known conception of events as objects having properties at times. The argument concludes that ‘token-token’ identity theories are actually committed to ‘type-type’ identities. It is then argued from the perspective of conceptual analysis and linguistic competence that the relevant type identities are straightforwardly false. This argument is contrasted with familiar arguments from intentionality and conceivability and is held to be more fundamental. Arguments from obscurity and from mental causation against property dualism are addressed. Finally, it is suggested (following Russell) that causation is essentially a ‘folk’ concept playing no real role in the hard sciences, whose fundamental goal is instead the discovery of law-like connections between properties of material objects. When intuitively ‘mental’ properties are ultimately connected in law-like ways with intuitively ‘physical’ properties, the upshot will be a broadening of our conception of physical properties so that they will include those we may now consider intuitively to be mental in a sense incompatible with being physical. Thus, the dualism of property dualism would merely amount to a difference between types of physical properties.
Kim Iryŏp
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824838782
- eISBN:
- 9780824871468
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824838782.003.0016
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
In this chapter, Kim Iryŏp reflects on the importance of meditation and the attainment of the mind in Buddhist practice. According to Iryŏp, meditation is all one needs to know in life. Our desires ...
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In this chapter, Kim Iryŏp reflects on the importance of meditation and the attainment of the mind in Buddhist practice. According to Iryŏp, meditation is all one needs to know in life. Our desires and security of body and mind (or nirvana) can be attained only when we are awakened through meditation to the boundless no-thought and when no-thought becomes universalized. This is the teaching of attaining a state of mind that is the all-capable unity of the self. Once you reach such a state, wherever you live, in whatever form, you will be secure. Iryŏp says this is the teaching of Buddhism, and this is why Buddhist teachings are not intended for Buddhists but rather to help each individual attain this state of mind. She argues that Buddhism provides a way to control the mind of the entire universe and that the only way to learn Buddhism, that is, to learn one's own self, is through meditation.Less
In this chapter, Kim Iryŏp reflects on the importance of meditation and the attainment of the mind in Buddhist practice. According to Iryŏp, meditation is all one needs to know in life. Our desires and security of body and mind (or nirvana) can be attained only when we are awakened through meditation to the boundless no-thought and when no-thought becomes universalized. This is the teaching of attaining a state of mind that is the all-capable unity of the self. Once you reach such a state, wherever you live, in whatever form, you will be secure. Iryŏp says this is the teaching of Buddhism, and this is why Buddhist teachings are not intended for Buddhists but rather to help each individual attain this state of mind. She argues that Buddhism provides a way to control the mind of the entire universe and that the only way to learn Buddhism, that is, to learn one's own self, is through meditation.
Nige West and Oleg Tsarev
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300123470
- eISBN:
- 9780300156416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300123470.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter presents an introduction to “Triplex,” which was one of the most closely guarded secrets of the World War II. No reference to it has ever been published, and the official multivolume ...
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This chapter presents an introduction to “Triplex,” which was one of the most closely guarded secrets of the World War II. No reference to it has ever been published, and the official multivolume history of British Intelligence in World War II contains absolutely no mention of this source, which is still highly classified in Britain. The chapter reveals that the Soviet spies recruited from Cambridge University were known in Moscow as the “Ring of Five” and consisted of Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt, and John Cairncross. What made the network so remarkable was that they all knew one another. The only outsider was John Cairncross, a formidable intellect but a cantankerous, socially insecure Scot who, despite his undoubted talents, made himself unpopular in successive Whitehall posts, including the Foreign Office, the Treasury, the Secret Intelligence Service SIS, and the Government Communications Headquarters.Less
This chapter presents an introduction to “Triplex,” which was one of the most closely guarded secrets of the World War II. No reference to it has ever been published, and the official multivolume history of British Intelligence in World War II contains absolutely no mention of this source, which is still highly classified in Britain. The chapter reveals that the Soviet spies recruited from Cambridge University were known in Moscow as the “Ring of Five” and consisted of Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt, and John Cairncross. What made the network so remarkable was that they all knew one another. The only outsider was John Cairncross, a formidable intellect but a cantankerous, socially insecure Scot who, despite his undoubted talents, made himself unpopular in successive Whitehall posts, including the Foreign Office, the Treasury, the Secret Intelligence Service SIS, and the Government Communications Headquarters.
Bernard Berofsky
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199640010
- eISBN:
- 9780191738197
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199640010.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology, Philosophy of Mind
For a compatibilist, a free agent is one whose decision or behavior is subsumable under appropriate psychological laws. These laws have the same lawmaking properties as laws in the natural sciences. ...
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For a compatibilist, a free agent is one whose decision or behavior is subsumable under appropriate psychological laws. These laws have the same lawmaking properties as laws in the natural sciences. Robust nomological compatibilism, the claim that freedom is not undermined by the discovery of physical determinism, rests on causal compatibilism, the view that psychological laws are not precluded by physical laws accounting for the underlying physical processes. Defenses of causal compatibilism by the Macdonalds, Peter Menzies, Terence Horgan, and Stephen Yablo are all found to be inadequate. A much strengthened version of the generalization argument for causal compatibilism is advanced and Jaegwon Kim’s objections are rejected. A defense of psychological laws is mounted through responses to the objections of John McDowell, John Earman and John Roberts, Philip Pettit, and Ruth Millikan. The theory of Bounded Rationality is advanced as a possible source of psychological laws.Less
For a compatibilist, a free agent is one whose decision or behavior is subsumable under appropriate psychological laws. These laws have the same lawmaking properties as laws in the natural sciences. Robust nomological compatibilism, the claim that freedom is not undermined by the discovery of physical determinism, rests on causal compatibilism, the view that psychological laws are not precluded by physical laws accounting for the underlying physical processes. Defenses of causal compatibilism by the Macdonalds, Peter Menzies, Terence Horgan, and Stephen Yablo are all found to be inadequate. A much strengthened version of the generalization argument for causal compatibilism is advanced and Jaegwon Kim’s objections are rejected. A defense of psychological laws is mounted through responses to the objections of John McDowell, John Earman and John Roberts, Philip Pettit, and Ruth Millikan. The theory of Bounded Rationality is advanced as a possible source of psychological laws.
Glenn Robins
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813143231
- eISBN:
- 9780813144450
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813143231.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
On 20 September 1965 Airman First Class Bill Robinson, a helicopter mechanic, was shot down in North Vietnam while serving as a crew chief aboard a U.S. Air Force rescue helicopter. He spent more ...
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On 20 September 1965 Airman First Class Bill Robinson, a helicopter mechanic, was shot down in North Vietnam while serving as a crew chief aboard a U.S. Air Force rescue helicopter. He spent more than seven and a half years in multiple North Vietnamese prison camps, including the Briarpatch and the various compounds at Cu Loc, known by the prisoners as the Zoo. For his actions in Vietnam Robinson received the Air Cross, one of only twenty-three enlisted men ever to earn that honor, and no enlisted man in American military history has been held longer as a prisoner of war than Bill Robinson. The book presents a detailed account of Robinson's early years and devotes substantial coverage to his postrelease life. In this examination a clearer picture emerges of the place of Vietnam POWs in history and memory; the personal angle better explains the difficult adjustment many POWs faced upon their return home. The book also uses the enlisted man's perspective of the Vietnam POW story and looks beyond the clichéd Hanoi Hilton narrative of captivity by focusing on the equally important but less well-known prison camps of the North.Less
On 20 September 1965 Airman First Class Bill Robinson, a helicopter mechanic, was shot down in North Vietnam while serving as a crew chief aboard a U.S. Air Force rescue helicopter. He spent more than seven and a half years in multiple North Vietnamese prison camps, including the Briarpatch and the various compounds at Cu Loc, known by the prisoners as the Zoo. For his actions in Vietnam Robinson received the Air Cross, one of only twenty-three enlisted men ever to earn that honor, and no enlisted man in American military history has been held longer as a prisoner of war than Bill Robinson. The book presents a detailed account of Robinson's early years and devotes substantial coverage to his postrelease life. In this examination a clearer picture emerges of the place of Vietnam POWs in history and memory; the personal angle better explains the difficult adjustment many POWs faced upon their return home. The book also uses the enlisted man's perspective of the Vietnam POW story and looks beyond the clichéd Hanoi Hilton narrative of captivity by focusing on the equally important but less well-known prison camps of the North.
Helen Steward
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198250647
- eISBN:
- 9780191681318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198250647.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter considers two theories of events which connect the category of event quite closely to the category of property by utilizing the notion of a property exemplification. Both Jaegwon Kim and ...
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This chapter considers two theories of events which connect the category of event quite closely to the category of property by utilizing the notion of a property exemplification. Both Jaegwon Kim and Jonathan Bennett have defended views according to which events are exemplifications of properties; and though there are significant differences between the two accounts, both share the thought that events relate to properties not merely by having them, in the ordinary way in which anything which is characterizable in any manner at all can be said to have properties, but in a special way, whereby the event is deemed to be something whose identity is actually tied to some particular property (Kim) or to a collection of properties (Bennett). It is argued that views of this sort result in a conception of events on which they have really ceased to have any status as genuine particulars. Kim's events despite his frequent claim that they are particulars, are better classified as fact-like entities. And Bennett relies illicitly on a particularist conception of events in order to develop his anti-particularist theory of what they are, so that his view ultimately founders in incoherence.Less
This chapter considers two theories of events which connect the category of event quite closely to the category of property by utilizing the notion of a property exemplification. Both Jaegwon Kim and Jonathan Bennett have defended views according to which events are exemplifications of properties; and though there are significant differences between the two accounts, both share the thought that events relate to properties not merely by having them, in the ordinary way in which anything which is characterizable in any manner at all can be said to have properties, but in a special way, whereby the event is deemed to be something whose identity is actually tied to some particular property (Kim) or to a collection of properties (Bennett). It is argued that views of this sort result in a conception of events on which they have really ceased to have any status as genuine particulars. Kim's events despite his frequent claim that they are particulars, are better classified as fact-like entities. And Bennett relies illicitly on a particularist conception of events in order to develop his anti-particularist theory of what they are, so that his view ultimately founders in incoherence.
