Kathryn C. Lavelle
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195174090
- eISBN:
- 9780199835287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195174097.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The examples in this chapter are chosen from the African region and diverge among countries as the Asian examples did. Firms on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange have responded to the opportunities ...
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The examples in this chapter are chosen from the African region and diverge among countries as the Asian examples did. Firms on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange have responded to the opportunities presented by the international system to switch their listings to London; however, given the shareholding patterns of these firms, what little external pressure on management has occurred, has developed from the listing requirements of the London, and not Johannesburg exchange. The Cairo exchange in Egypt boomed in the 1990s along with other emerging markets, yet it boomed by selling minority shares of family-controlled firms. Finally, the two West African exchanges of Ghana and Senegal are examples of extremely small, thin markets dominated by issues of one or two privatized firms. The chapter examines the shareholder arrangements of Anglo-American, Olympic Group, Ashanti Goldfields, and Sonatel.Less
The examples in this chapter are chosen from the African region and diverge among countries as the Asian examples did. Firms on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange have responded to the opportunities presented by the international system to switch their listings to London; however, given the shareholding patterns of these firms, what little external pressure on management has occurred, has developed from the listing requirements of the London, and not Johannesburg exchange. The Cairo exchange in Egypt boomed in the 1990s along with other emerging markets, yet it boomed by selling minority shares of family-controlled firms. Finally, the two West African exchanges of Ghana and Senegal are examples of extremely small, thin markets dominated by issues of one or two privatized firms. The chapter examines the shareholder arrangements of Anglo-American, Olympic Group, Ashanti Goldfields, and Sonatel.
Rita Barnard
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195112863
- eISBN:
- 9780199851058
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195112863.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
Compared to the experimental and meta-fictional writing of her compatriots J. M. Coetzee and Ivan Vladislavic, Nadine Gordimer's novels may seem realist—more so than they actually are. There are ...
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Compared to the experimental and meta-fictional writing of her compatriots J. M. Coetzee and Ivan Vladislavic, Nadine Gordimer's novels may seem realist—more so than they actually are. There are several moments in Gordimer's work when she participates in a self-reflexive meditation on the meaning, form, and reception of fiction. One such moment occurs in the 1981 novel July's People, set in a fictional future of revolution and civil war. It is a scene of reading—a scene that tells us much about how we may read the concerns that engage and the conditions that mold Gordimer's writing. Maureen Smales, the novel's main character, who, only days before had been living the life of a comfortable Johannesburg suburbanite, is sitting outside a hut in the poor African village to which she and her family have hurriedly fled under the guidance of their previous servant, July.Less
Compared to the experimental and meta-fictional writing of her compatriots J. M. Coetzee and Ivan Vladislavic, Nadine Gordimer's novels may seem realist—more so than they actually are. There are several moments in Gordimer's work when she participates in a self-reflexive meditation on the meaning, form, and reception of fiction. One such moment occurs in the 1981 novel July's People, set in a fictional future of revolution and civil war. It is a scene of reading—a scene that tells us much about how we may read the concerns that engage and the conditions that mold Gordimer's writing. Maureen Smales, the novel's main character, who, only days before had been living the life of a comfortable Johannesburg suburbanite, is sitting outside a hut in the poor African village to which she and her family have hurriedly fled under the guidance of their previous servant, July.
Deborah Lavin
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198126164
- eISBN:
- 9780191671623
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198126164.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The councillors of Johannesburg met for the first time on 18 May 1901. Curtis was Town Clerk. He was instrumental in forming the municipality. The machinery of city government had to be created ‘from ...
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The councillors of Johannesburg met for the first time on 18 May 1901. Curtis was Town Clerk. He was instrumental in forming the municipality. The machinery of city government had to be created ‘from the boiler to the last wheel’. This chapter states that Curtis devised a system of Council business which left the Councillors to establish themselves in the competitive world of reviving Johannesburg entrepreneurship. He encouraged a clean sweep of inexperienced Council officials and the corrupt heirlooms from the old administration. In September 1901, he prepared a long Memorandum on the present and future boundaries of Johannesburg — no less than a scheme for a new model city. Building a municipality in Johannesburg was taxing with issues on the mining industry and public health care. Later on, Curtis had declared his intention to Howard Pim of staying in South Africa to study general problems; he was thinking of federation.Less
The councillors of Johannesburg met for the first time on 18 May 1901. Curtis was Town Clerk. He was instrumental in forming the municipality. The machinery of city government had to be created ‘from the boiler to the last wheel’. This chapter states that Curtis devised a system of Council business which left the Councillors to establish themselves in the competitive world of reviving Johannesburg entrepreneurship. He encouraged a clean sweep of inexperienced Council officials and the corrupt heirlooms from the old administration. In September 1901, he prepared a long Memorandum on the present and future boundaries of Johannesburg — no less than a scheme for a new model city. Building a municipality in Johannesburg was taxing with issues on the mining industry and public health care. Later on, Curtis had declared his intention to Howard Pim of staying in South Africa to study general problems; he was thinking of federation.
WReC (Warwick Research Collective)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381892
- eISBN:
- 9781781382264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381892.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter offers a reading of the work of Ivan Vladislavic by way of demonstrating that its specific formal features capture the aura of a particular historical speace (Johannesburg) and time (the ...
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This chapter offers a reading of the work of Ivan Vladislavic by way of demonstrating that its specific formal features capture the aura of a particular historical speace (Johannesburg) and time (the era of late or millennial capitalism) that nevertheless allows one to witness and reflect upon a general and global structure of feeling formed over the long duration of modernity’s unfolding. Read alongside incidents of occultism, witchcraft and trade in human organs in contemporary South Africa, Vladislavic's ‘anti-’ or ‘magic-’ realism points to the historical compulsion under which cultural modes operate in conditions of uneven development – the compulsion to fuse disparate idioms, languages, genres, and forms in order to meditate upon ordinary lives caught up in the dark magic of history. Vladislavic's thematic and formal concerns are interpreted as expressions of historical-material contraditions and paradoxes.Less
This chapter offers a reading of the work of Ivan Vladislavic by way of demonstrating that its specific formal features capture the aura of a particular historical speace (Johannesburg) and time (the era of late or millennial capitalism) that nevertheless allows one to witness and reflect upon a general and global structure of feeling formed over the long duration of modernity’s unfolding. Read alongside incidents of occultism, witchcraft and trade in human organs in contemporary South Africa, Vladislavic's ‘anti-’ or ‘magic-’ realism points to the historical compulsion under which cultural modes operate in conditions of uneven development – the compulsion to fuse disparate idioms, languages, genres, and forms in order to meditate upon ordinary lives caught up in the dark magic of history. Vladislavic's thematic and formal concerns are interpreted as expressions of historical-material contraditions and paradoxes.
Njogu Morgan
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447345152
- eISBN:
- 9781447345640
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447345152.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter explores the cultural politics of bicycle infrastructure through an examination of attempts to build cycling lanes in Johannesburg, South Africa in the 1930s. In the 1930s in ...
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This chapter explores the cultural politics of bicycle infrastructure through an examination of attempts to build cycling lanes in Johannesburg, South Africa in the 1930s. In the 1930s in Johannesburg, with increasing rates of automobile use planners were grappling with road safety, congestion and rules. At the time, bicycles were still an important mode of transport. Vehicle licensing data from Johannesburg shows that up to 1935, more bicycles were registered than automobiles. In an effort to reduce growing conflicts between bicycles and motorists, the Johannesburg city council turned to the concept of separating traffic modes. I draw on data from archives, newspaper material, municipal reports and other published material. By showing how decisions on building of bicycle lanes and the expected conduct of the users and motorists were intrinsically shaped by prevailing social relations, circulation of ideas and practices between the United Kingdom and South Africa, it highlights the extent to which bicycle infrastructures are not neutral objects. They are socio-technical assemblages inextricable from place. As such this historical account foregrounds the importance of the contexts within which transitions occur. This is especially relevant in the contemporary moment of the return to the bicycle characterised by policy borrowing.Less
This chapter explores the cultural politics of bicycle infrastructure through an examination of attempts to build cycling lanes in Johannesburg, South Africa in the 1930s. In the 1930s in Johannesburg, with increasing rates of automobile use planners were grappling with road safety, congestion and rules. At the time, bicycles were still an important mode of transport. Vehicle licensing data from Johannesburg shows that up to 1935, more bicycles were registered than automobiles. In an effort to reduce growing conflicts between bicycles and motorists, the Johannesburg city council turned to the concept of separating traffic modes. I draw on data from archives, newspaper material, municipal reports and other published material. By showing how decisions on building of bicycle lanes and the expected conduct of the users and motorists were intrinsically shaped by prevailing social relations, circulation of ideas and practices between the United Kingdom and South Africa, it highlights the extent to which bicycle infrastructures are not neutral objects. They are socio-technical assemblages inextricable from place. As such this historical account foregrounds the importance of the contexts within which transitions occur. This is especially relevant in the contemporary moment of the return to the bicycle characterised by policy borrowing.
Quill R Kukla
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- October 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190855369
- eISBN:
- 9780190855390
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190855369.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This book is about urban spaces, urban dwellers, and how these spaces and people make, shape, and change one another. It is the first systematic philosophical investigation of the nature of city life ...
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This book is about urban spaces, urban dwellers, and how these spaces and people make, shape, and change one another. It is the first systematic philosophical investigation of the nature of city life and city dwellers. It draws on empirical and ethnographic work in geography, anthropology, urban planning, and several other disciplines in order to explore the impact that cities have on their dwellers and that dwellers have on their cities. It begins with a philosophical exploration of spatially embodied agency and of the specific forms of agency and spatiality that are distinctive of city living. It explores how gentrification is enacted and experienced at the level of embodied agency, arguing that gentrifying spaces are contested territories that shape and are shaped by their dwellers. The book then moves to an exploration of repurposed cities, which are cities materially designed to support one sociopolitical order but in which that order collapsed, leaving new dwellers to use the space in new ways. Through a detailed original ethnography of the repurposed cities of Berlin and Johannesburg, the book makes the case that in repurposed cities, we can see vividly how material spaces shape and constrain the agency and experience of dwellers, while dwellers creatively shape the spaces they inhabit in accordance with their needs. The book ends with a reconsideration of the right to the city, asking what would be involved in creating a city that enabled the agency and flourishing of all its diverse inhabitants.Less
This book is about urban spaces, urban dwellers, and how these spaces and people make, shape, and change one another. It is the first systematic philosophical investigation of the nature of city life and city dwellers. It draws on empirical and ethnographic work in geography, anthropology, urban planning, and several other disciplines in order to explore the impact that cities have on their dwellers and that dwellers have on their cities. It begins with a philosophical exploration of spatially embodied agency and of the specific forms of agency and spatiality that are distinctive of city living. It explores how gentrification is enacted and experienced at the level of embodied agency, arguing that gentrifying spaces are contested territories that shape and are shaped by their dwellers. The book then moves to an exploration of repurposed cities, which are cities materially designed to support one sociopolitical order but in which that order collapsed, leaving new dwellers to use the space in new ways. Through a detailed original ethnography of the repurposed cities of Berlin and Johannesburg, the book makes the case that in repurposed cities, we can see vividly how material spaces shape and constrain the agency and experience of dwellers, while dwellers creatively shape the spaces they inhabit in accordance with their needs. The book ends with a reconsideration of the right to the city, asking what would be involved in creating a city that enabled the agency and flourishing of all its diverse inhabitants.
Loren Kruger
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199321902
- eISBN:
- 9780199369270
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199321902.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama, World Literature
Johannesburg’s location in the Southern Hemisphere and status as the wealthiest city in a middle-income country grappling with a growing wealth gap, many languages and cultures unevenly matched with ...
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Johannesburg’s location in the Southern Hemisphere and status as the wealthiest city in a middle-income country grappling with a growing wealth gap, many languages and cultures unevenly matched with English, and scarce resources place it in the global south, but it is a modern city whose representation in fiction, film, performance and poetry, and built environments is both uncivil and innovative. This book examines writing, performing, building, and urban spatial practices and their agents, whose cosmopolitan diversity and capacity for invention challenge the normativity of modernity in the global north . It begins with the Empire Exhibition of 1936, and moves on to explore artistic creative responses to the rise of apartheid particularly in Sophiatown around 1956; poetry and performance around the Soweto uprising of 1976, and fictional and visual responses to the crime and disorder of 1996. It concludes with an evaluation of artists and planners collaborating in urban renewal projects in 2012. It considers urban spatial practices including class and racial conflict and the treatment of migrants and other foreigners, as well as the imagination and practice of hospitality. Theoretical coordinates include Mumford’s urban scenes, Lefebvre’s structures of enchantment in the city as art and social ensemble, Certeau’s pedestrian enunciations, Soja’s post-metropolis, Simone’s people as infrastructure, Robinson’s ordinary urban modernity, Foster’s socio-nature, Weber’s de-enchantment of the world, Titlestad’s pyscho-geography, and Landau’s tactical cosmopolitan.Less
Johannesburg’s location in the Southern Hemisphere and status as the wealthiest city in a middle-income country grappling with a growing wealth gap, many languages and cultures unevenly matched with English, and scarce resources place it in the global south, but it is a modern city whose representation in fiction, film, performance and poetry, and built environments is both uncivil and innovative. This book examines writing, performing, building, and urban spatial practices and their agents, whose cosmopolitan diversity and capacity for invention challenge the normativity of modernity in the global north . It begins with the Empire Exhibition of 1936, and moves on to explore artistic creative responses to the rise of apartheid particularly in Sophiatown around 1956; poetry and performance around the Soweto uprising of 1976, and fictional and visual responses to the crime and disorder of 1996. It concludes with an evaluation of artists and planners collaborating in urban renewal projects in 2012. It considers urban spatial practices including class and racial conflict and the treatment of migrants and other foreigners, as well as the imagination and practice of hospitality. Theoretical coordinates include Mumford’s urban scenes, Lefebvre’s structures of enchantment in the city as art and social ensemble, Certeau’s pedestrian enunciations, Soja’s post-metropolis, Simone’s people as infrastructure, Robinson’s ordinary urban modernity, Foster’s socio-nature, Weber’s de-enchantment of the world, Titlestad’s pyscho-geography, and Landau’s tactical cosmopolitan.
DEREK CHARLES CATSAM
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125114
- eISBN:
- 9780813135137
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125114.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
During the postwar period, Birmingham named itself the Magic City. This was because of the advance of heavy industry in the region, particularly the steel industry. As a result the population of ...
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During the postwar period, Birmingham named itself the Magic City. This was because of the advance of heavy industry in the region, particularly the steel industry. As a result the population of Birmingham almost doubled during the period between 1940 and 1960. This growth was associated with the oligarchy of the “mules”, or the powerful industrialists. These big mules avoided politics and became actively involved only when their interests were threatened. Some perceived Birmingham to be America's most racist city, or “America's Johannesburg”. This chapter charts the course of various disputes regarding race and skin color across Birmingham and discusses how the Freedom Riders became involved in dealing with such issues.Less
During the postwar period, Birmingham named itself the Magic City. This was because of the advance of heavy industry in the region, particularly the steel industry. As a result the population of Birmingham almost doubled during the period between 1940 and 1960. This growth was associated with the oligarchy of the “mules”, or the powerful industrialists. These big mules avoided politics and became actively involved only when their interests were threatened. Some perceived Birmingham to be America's most racist city, or “America's Johannesburg”. This chapter charts the course of various disputes regarding race and skin color across Birmingham and discusses how the Freedom Riders became involved in dealing with such issues.
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and Ashfaq Khalfan
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199276707
- eISBN:
- 9780191699900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276707.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
It was not until the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, “the Brundtland Report” and the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development that the term ...
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It was not until the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, “the Brundtland Report” and the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development that the term “sustainable development” gained global currency. Over 7,000 delegates from 178 countries recognised a global need for environmental protection with economic and social development, and called for sustainable development. In 1997, governments met in the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on Sustainable Development to review progress; they urged further development of the concept, and greater efforts for its implementation on all levels. In 2002, at the World Summit for Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa, more than 22,000 official delegates gathered to call for coherence between the three pillars of sustainable development — social justice, economic growth, and environmental protection. This section briefly examines the evolution of the concept of sustainable development and its prospects beyond the “Johannesburg Summit”.Less
It was not until the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, “the Brundtland Report” and the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development that the term “sustainable development” gained global currency. Over 7,000 delegates from 178 countries recognised a global need for environmental protection with economic and social development, and called for sustainable development. In 1997, governments met in the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on Sustainable Development to review progress; they urged further development of the concept, and greater efforts for its implementation on all levels. In 2002, at the World Summit for Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa, more than 22,000 official delegates gathered to call for coherence between the three pillars of sustainable development — social justice, economic growth, and environmental protection. This section briefly examines the evolution of the concept of sustainable development and its prospects beyond the “Johannesburg Summit”.
Lavanya Rajamani
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199280704
- eISBN:
- 9780191700132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280704.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law, Public International Law
Because of conflicting political, historic, and economic circumstances, there is an apparent difference between the communities of developing countries from those of their industrial counterparts. ...
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Because of conflicting political, historic, and economic circumstances, there is an apparent difference between the communities of developing countries from those of their industrial counterparts. This is made evident through exploring the nature and framework of international environmental law, since there are significant discrepancies on to whom the responsibility of such issues is given, the measures to be taken, and the conditions of managing global environmental degradation. Despite such dissonance, there have already been several efforts for coming up with measures that would bridge the ideologies of both the developing and industrial states for establishing a common environmental agenda. However, such efforts are not without instances of normativity, ambiguities, and even uprisings. This chapter analyses, through observing the Stockholm, Rio, and Johannesburg international environmental conferences, how this dissonance has developed throughout history.Less
Because of conflicting political, historic, and economic circumstances, there is an apparent difference between the communities of developing countries from those of their industrial counterparts. This is made evident through exploring the nature and framework of international environmental law, since there are significant discrepancies on to whom the responsibility of such issues is given, the measures to be taken, and the conditions of managing global environmental degradation. Despite such dissonance, there have already been several efforts for coming up with measures that would bridge the ideologies of both the developing and industrial states for establishing a common environmental agenda. However, such efforts are not without instances of normativity, ambiguities, and even uprisings. This chapter analyses, through observing the Stockholm, Rio, and Johannesburg international environmental conferences, how this dissonance has developed throughout history.
Emily Mendenhall
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501738302
- eISBN:
- 9781501738319
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501738302.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
This chapter begins with Esther's story, a woman residing in Nairobi who confronts convergent social and health conditions from food insecurity to diabetes, HIV, and financial stress. The story ...
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This chapter begins with Esther's story, a woman residing in Nairobi who confronts convergent social and health conditions from food insecurity to diabetes, HIV, and financial stress. The story demonstrates how a global story of diabetes overlooks the unique social, political, and cultural factors that produce diabetes from place to place. The chapter positions the book within the anthropological literature on diabetes and social suffering and introduces the idea that diabetes is always "syndemic" – or convergent with social and health problems. The chapters suggests that social pathways link arduous life experiences with biological risk, revealing important psychophysiological pathways between social stress and metabolic distress. The chapter also introduces the book, a multi-method study of diabetes among low-income communities in the United States, India, South Africa, and Kenya.Less
This chapter begins with Esther's story, a woman residing in Nairobi who confronts convergent social and health conditions from food insecurity to diabetes, HIV, and financial stress. The story demonstrates how a global story of diabetes overlooks the unique social, political, and cultural factors that produce diabetes from place to place. The chapter positions the book within the anthropological literature on diabetes and social suffering and introduces the idea that diabetes is always "syndemic" – or convergent with social and health problems. The chapters suggests that social pathways link arduous life experiences with biological risk, revealing important psychophysiological pathways between social stress and metabolic distress. The chapter also introduces the book, a multi-method study of diabetes among low-income communities in the United States, India, South Africa, and Kenya.
Emily Mendenhall
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501738302
- eISBN:
- 9781501738319
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501738302.003.0006
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
Chapter Five, Soweto, centers upon Sibongile's story from Soweto, a historic collection of six clustered townships in Johannesburg, South Africa. Sibongile faces complex intersections of structural ...
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Chapter Five, Soweto, centers upon Sibongile's story from Soweto, a historic collection of six clustered townships in Johannesburg, South Africa. Sibongile faces complex intersections of structural violence instituted by a legacy of apartheid and AIDS as well as personal insecurities in everyday life. Sibongile'snarrative demonstrates the powerful role of cultural and political histories in emergent realities of diabetes and how lived experiences shape and are shaped by her mental and physical health. For example, I unpack myriad forms of structural and interpersonal violence that become fundamental to illness experiences. I also discuss how social and financial demands placed upon women who care for AIDS-orphaned grandchildren require more than love and money for school fees. In many cases, women in Soweto, including Sibongile prioritized the needs of their family members above their personal needs, including the need to manage their diet and medicines for diabetes control. Moreover, in a context of HIV/AIDS stigma, Sibongile and others described how diabetes becomes consumed in a catch-all "chronic illness stigma" where people conflate their diabetes treatment needs with those associated with HIV.Less
Chapter Five, Soweto, centers upon Sibongile's story from Soweto, a historic collection of six clustered townships in Johannesburg, South Africa. Sibongile faces complex intersections of structural violence instituted by a legacy of apartheid and AIDS as well as personal insecurities in everyday life. Sibongile'snarrative demonstrates the powerful role of cultural and political histories in emergent realities of diabetes and how lived experiences shape and are shaped by her mental and physical health. For example, I unpack myriad forms of structural and interpersonal violence that become fundamental to illness experiences. I also discuss how social and financial demands placed upon women who care for AIDS-orphaned grandchildren require more than love and money for school fees. In many cases, women in Soweto, including Sibongile prioritized the needs of their family members above their personal needs, including the need to manage their diet and medicines for diabetes control. Moreover, in a context of HIV/AIDS stigma, Sibongile and others described how diabetes becomes consumed in a catch-all "chronic illness stigma" where people conflate their diabetes treatment needs with those associated with HIV.
Sara Byala
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226030272
- eISBN:
- 9780226030449
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226030449.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, African Studies
This book unearths the little-known story of Johannesburg’s MuseumAfrica, a South African history museum that embodies one of the most dynamic and fraught stories of colonialism and postcolonialism, ...
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This book unearths the little-known story of Johannesburg’s MuseumAfrica, a South African history museum that embodies one of the most dynamic and fraught stories of colonialism and postcolonialism, its life spanning the eras before, during, and after apartheid. In examining this story, it sheds new light not only on racism and its institutionalization in South Africa but also on the problems facing any museum that is charged with navigating colonial history from a postcolonial perspective. Drawing on thirty years of personal letters and public writings by museum founder John Gubbins, the book paints a picture of a uniquely progressive colonist, focusing on the philosophical notion of “three-dimensional thinking,” which aimed to transcend binaries and thus racism. Unfortunately, Gubbins died within weeks of the museum’s opening, and his hopes would go unrealized as the museum fell in line with emergent apartheid politics. Following the museum through this transformation and on to its 1994 reconfiguration as a post-apartheid institution, the book showcases it as a rich and problematic archive of both material culture and the ideas that surround that culture, arguing for its continued importance in the establishment of a unified South Africa.Less
This book unearths the little-known story of Johannesburg’s MuseumAfrica, a South African history museum that embodies one of the most dynamic and fraught stories of colonialism and postcolonialism, its life spanning the eras before, during, and after apartheid. In examining this story, it sheds new light not only on racism and its institutionalization in South Africa but also on the problems facing any museum that is charged with navigating colonial history from a postcolonial perspective. Drawing on thirty years of personal letters and public writings by museum founder John Gubbins, the book paints a picture of a uniquely progressive colonist, focusing on the philosophical notion of “three-dimensional thinking,” which aimed to transcend binaries and thus racism. Unfortunately, Gubbins died within weeks of the museum’s opening, and his hopes would go unrealized as the museum fell in line with emergent apartheid politics. Following the museum through this transformation and on to its 1994 reconfiguration as a post-apartheid institution, the book showcases it as a rich and problematic archive of both material culture and the ideas that surround that culture, arguing for its continued importance in the establishment of a unified South Africa.
Veronica Belling
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781874774716
- eISBN:
- 9781800340725
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781874774716.003.0017
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter takes a look at Rabbi Judah Leo Landau’s poem, ‘Ahavat yehonatan’. Landau was a Hebrew poet and one of the fathers of modern Hebrew drama. ‘Ahavat yehonatan’ is based on a folk tale ...
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This chapter takes a look at Rabbi Judah Leo Landau’s poem, ‘Ahavat yehonatan’. Landau was a Hebrew poet and one of the fathers of modern Hebrew drama. ‘Ahavat yehonatan’ is based on a folk tale about the life of King Jan Sobieski. It relates the story of how Jan Sobieski was abandoned as a young boy and then brought up in the home of the rich Jew Bezalel, the leader of the Jewish community. The poem opens with a powerful description of the dark and stormy night when the J Bezalel, walking alone through the deserted streets in the Jewish quarter, discovers Jonathan (Jan) lying weak and abandoned next to a Jewish home. This dramatic description, in the pseudo-biblical style of the Haskalah, is characteristic of Landau’s later work and demonstrates a remarkable lyricism.Less
This chapter takes a look at Rabbi Judah Leo Landau’s poem, ‘Ahavat yehonatan’. Landau was a Hebrew poet and one of the fathers of modern Hebrew drama. ‘Ahavat yehonatan’ is based on a folk tale about the life of King Jan Sobieski. It relates the story of how Jan Sobieski was abandoned as a young boy and then brought up in the home of the rich Jew Bezalel, the leader of the Jewish community. The poem opens with a powerful description of the dark and stormy night when the J Bezalel, walking alone through the deserted streets in the Jewish quarter, discovers Jonathan (Jan) lying weak and abandoned next to a Jewish home. This dramatic description, in the pseudo-biblical style of the Haskalah, is characteristic of Landau’s later work and demonstrates a remarkable lyricism.
Jo Beall, Owen Crankshaw, and Susan Parnell
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861343956
- eISBN:
- 9781447304340
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861343956.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter examines policies to improve urban water supply and sanitation in the poorest countries. Johannesburg provides the case study. The city is posed with the challenge of meeting ‘the ...
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This chapter examines policies to improve urban water supply and sanitation in the poorest countries. Johannesburg provides the case study. The city is posed with the challenge of meeting ‘the pressing service needs of burgeoning numbers of historically disadvantaged urban dwellers, without compromising the standards of services and supply to better-off rate-paying citizens’. The limited ablution facilities, which are used by women and children as well as men, are associated with the worst humiliations of abject living conditions, such as lack of privacy, hygiene, and basic dignity. The case shows how the Johannesburg authority was trying to make the best of an inheritance of extreme inequality, as well as the unrealisable expectations of both the majority of the South African population and the international financial agencies.Less
This chapter examines policies to improve urban water supply and sanitation in the poorest countries. Johannesburg provides the case study. The city is posed with the challenge of meeting ‘the pressing service needs of burgeoning numbers of historically disadvantaged urban dwellers, without compromising the standards of services and supply to better-off rate-paying citizens’. The limited ablution facilities, which are used by women and children as well as men, are associated with the worst humiliations of abject living conditions, such as lack of privacy, hygiene, and basic dignity. The case shows how the Johannesburg authority was trying to make the best of an inheritance of extreme inequality, as well as the unrealisable expectations of both the majority of the South African population and the international financial agencies.
Sara Byala
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226030272
- eISBN:
- 9780226030449
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226030449.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, African Studies
This chapter charts the history of the Africana Museum from its founder’s death until its attainment of a permanent home in order to trace the museum’s transformation from a space structured around ...
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This chapter charts the history of the Africana Museum from its founder’s death until its attainment of a permanent home in order to trace the museum’s transformation from a space structured around three-dimensional ideals to one that supported binaries. It is argued here that this metamorphosis turned the Africana Museum into an institution that actually supported the logic of racism and then apartheid. Further, it is revealed in this chapter that this conversion did not take place under the auspices of overtly racist bureaucracy. Rather, and ironically, the Africana Museum’s morphing into an engine for racist ends happened under the guise of liberalism. By detailing this process, this chapter demonstrates that there are limitations to liberalism’s ability to counter racism.Less
This chapter charts the history of the Africana Museum from its founder’s death until its attainment of a permanent home in order to trace the museum’s transformation from a space structured around three-dimensional ideals to one that supported binaries. It is argued here that this metamorphosis turned the Africana Museum into an institution that actually supported the logic of racism and then apartheid. Further, it is revealed in this chapter that this conversion did not take place under the auspices of overtly racist bureaucracy. Rather, and ironically, the Africana Museum’s morphing into an engine for racist ends happened under the guise of liberalism. By detailing this process, this chapter demonstrates that there are limitations to liberalism’s ability to counter racism.
Carrol Clarkson
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780823254156
- eISBN:
- 9780823260898
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823254156.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
The chapter opens with a photo essay, recording a walk taken in Hillbrow with Phaswane Mpe, retracing the footsteps of the characters in his novel, Welcome to Our Hillbrow. The discussion opens onto ...
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The chapter opens with a photo essay, recording a walk taken in Hillbrow with Phaswane Mpe, retracing the footsteps of the characters in his novel, Welcome to Our Hillbrow. The discussion opens onto a reflection of a phenomenology of the city, and refers to two other very different novels, also set in Johannesburg: Marlene van Niekerk’s Triomf, and Ivan Vladislavic’s The Restless Supermarket. Each of the novels depicts a physical urban landscape that bears the traces of an immediate and absent past, yet in the moment of the characters’ recognition of features in the landscape that register buildings and people no longer there, the novels articulate a chiasmus of the visible and the invisible, the spatial and the temporal, drawing attention to the contingency of each cultural and political moment, challenging the reader through literary representation about what can be seen, and said, and thought.Less
The chapter opens with a photo essay, recording a walk taken in Hillbrow with Phaswane Mpe, retracing the footsteps of the characters in his novel, Welcome to Our Hillbrow. The discussion opens onto a reflection of a phenomenology of the city, and refers to two other very different novels, also set in Johannesburg: Marlene van Niekerk’s Triomf, and Ivan Vladislavic’s The Restless Supermarket. Each of the novels depicts a physical urban landscape that bears the traces of an immediate and absent past, yet in the moment of the characters’ recognition of features in the landscape that register buildings and people no longer there, the novels articulate a chiasmus of the visible and the invisible, the spatial and the temporal, drawing attention to the contingency of each cultural and political moment, challenging the reader through literary representation about what can be seen, and said, and thought.
Andy Clarno
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226429922
- eISBN:
- 9780226430126
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226430126.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This chapter traces the histories of settler colonialism and racial capitalism in South Africa and Palestine/Israel. Despite historical differences, South Africa and Israel governed similar social ...
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This chapter traces the histories of settler colonialism and racial capitalism in South Africa and Palestine/Israel. Despite historical differences, South Africa and Israel governed similar social formations during the second half of the 20th century. The chapter then presents an overview of the political and economic transformations that have restructured social relations in South Africa and Palestine/Israel over the last twenty years. In the early 1990s, both states responded to political-economic crises by neoliberalizing their racial capitalist economies and entering into negotiations over decolonization. While South Africa has been partially decolonized, Israel remains a settler colonial state. In both cases, however, the combination of neoliberalization and (de)colonization has produced extreme inequality, racialized poverty, and advanced strategies of securitization. The chapter ends by introducing the sites of my ethnographic research: the Johannesburg and Jerusalem metropolitan regions. The difference between Israel’s ongoing colonial project and the post-colonial project of the South African state are perhaps nowhere more evident than in these urban regions. Yet the landscapes of Johannesburg and Jerusalem are increasingly defined by the combination of marginalization and securitization.Less
This chapter traces the histories of settler colonialism and racial capitalism in South Africa and Palestine/Israel. Despite historical differences, South Africa and Israel governed similar social formations during the second half of the 20th century. The chapter then presents an overview of the political and economic transformations that have restructured social relations in South Africa and Palestine/Israel over the last twenty years. In the early 1990s, both states responded to political-economic crises by neoliberalizing their racial capitalist economies and entering into negotiations over decolonization. While South Africa has been partially decolonized, Israel remains a settler colonial state. In both cases, however, the combination of neoliberalization and (de)colonization has produced extreme inequality, racialized poverty, and advanced strategies of securitization. The chapter ends by introducing the sites of my ethnographic research: the Johannesburg and Jerusalem metropolitan regions. The difference between Israel’s ongoing colonial project and the post-colonial project of the South African state are perhaps nowhere more evident than in these urban regions. Yet the landscapes of Johannesburg and Jerusalem are increasingly defined by the combination of marginalization and securitization.
Andy Clarno
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226429922
- eISBN:
- 9780226430126
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226430126.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This chapter explores the precariousness of life in a Black township in Johannesburg after apartheid. The chapter begins with a brief social history of Alexandra township before analyzing the ...
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This chapter explores the precariousness of life in a Black township in Johannesburg after apartheid. The chapter begins with a brief social history of Alexandra township before analyzing the transformation of Alexandra into a ghetto of exclusion for the increasingly expendable Black working class. As factories closed and the Black middle class moved out, Alexandra became a site of concentrated poverty, abandoned factories, and informal settlements. Confronting a dual crisis of housing and unemployment, the urban poor increasingly survive through informal economic and housing strategies. These strategies, however, have intensified the fragmentation of the community. The chapter then turns to the Alexandra Renewal Project (ARP), a major “urban renewal” project of the post-apartheid state. Analyzing the successes and failures of the ARP highlights the limits of decolonization in a context of commitments to private property and the ongoing devaluation of Black life. The chapter ends by discussing efforts to overcome fragmentation and social movements in Alexandra today.Less
This chapter explores the precariousness of life in a Black township in Johannesburg after apartheid. The chapter begins with a brief social history of Alexandra township before analyzing the transformation of Alexandra into a ghetto of exclusion for the increasingly expendable Black working class. As factories closed and the Black middle class moved out, Alexandra became a site of concentrated poverty, abandoned factories, and informal settlements. Confronting a dual crisis of housing and unemployment, the urban poor increasingly survive through informal economic and housing strategies. These strategies, however, have intensified the fragmentation of the community. The chapter then turns to the Alexandra Renewal Project (ARP), a major “urban renewal” project of the post-apartheid state. Analyzing the successes and failures of the ARP highlights the limits of decolonization in a context of commitments to private property and the ongoing devaluation of Black life. The chapter ends by discussing efforts to overcome fragmentation and social movements in Alexandra today.
Andy Clarno
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226429922
- eISBN:
- 9780226430126
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226430126.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
In northern Johannesburg, the historically white neighborhoods around Sandton – just across the highway from Alexandra – have become laboratories for the development of advanced strategies for ...
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In northern Johannesburg, the historically white neighborhoods around Sandton – just across the highway from Alexandra – have become laboratories for the development of advanced strategies for securing the powerful and policing poor Black South Africans. This chapter begins with a discussion of crime and insecurity in South Africa and an overview of policing in post-apartheid South Africa. It then traces the fortification of elite neighborhoods through the construction of walled enclosures and the expansion of private security. Residents’ associations and private security companies work together to develop cutting edge security regimes for wealthy neighborhoods. The most sophisticated new strategies of preventative security rely on racial profiling to target young Black men. Yet networked strategies to produce security for the elite generate new tensions and rely on the labor of the same people that they target: poor Black men. This highlights the contradictions of securitization as well as the continuing value of surplus populations – both as a source of low-wage labor and as a symbolic threat fueling the expansion of private security industries and fortress suburbs.Less
In northern Johannesburg, the historically white neighborhoods around Sandton – just across the highway from Alexandra – have become laboratories for the development of advanced strategies for securing the powerful and policing poor Black South Africans. This chapter begins with a discussion of crime and insecurity in South Africa and an overview of policing in post-apartheid South Africa. It then traces the fortification of elite neighborhoods through the construction of walled enclosures and the expansion of private security. Residents’ associations and private security companies work together to develop cutting edge security regimes for wealthy neighborhoods. The most sophisticated new strategies of preventative security rely on racial profiling to target young Black men. Yet networked strategies to produce security for the elite generate new tensions and rely on the labor of the same people that they target: poor Black men. This highlights the contradictions of securitization as well as the continuing value of surplus populations – both as a source of low-wage labor and as a symbolic threat fueling the expansion of private security industries and fortress suburbs.