Maristella Botticini and Zvi Eckstein
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144870
- eISBN:
- 9781400842483
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144870.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter shows that once the Jews became literate, urban, and engaged in skilled occupations, they began migrating within the vast territory under Muslim rule—stretching from the Iberian ...
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This chapter shows that once the Jews became literate, urban, and engaged in skilled occupations, they began migrating within the vast territory under Muslim rule—stretching from the Iberian Peninsula to India during the eighth through the twelfth centuries, and from the Byzantine Empire to western Europe via Italy and within western Europe in the ninth through the thirteenth centuries. In early medieval Europe, the revival of trade concomitant with the Commercial Revolution and the growth of an urban and commercial economy paralleled the vast urbanization and the growth of trade that had occurred in the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates four to five centuries earlier. The Jewish diaspora during the early Middle Ages was mainly the outcome of literate Jewish craftsmen, shopkeepers, traders, scholars, teachers, physicians, and moneylenders migrating in search of business opportunities to reap returns on their investment in literacy and education.Less
This chapter shows that once the Jews became literate, urban, and engaged in skilled occupations, they began migrating within the vast territory under Muslim rule—stretching from the Iberian Peninsula to India during the eighth through the twelfth centuries, and from the Byzantine Empire to western Europe via Italy and within western Europe in the ninth through the thirteenth centuries. In early medieval Europe, the revival of trade concomitant with the Commercial Revolution and the growth of an urban and commercial economy paralleled the vast urbanization and the growth of trade that had occurred in the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates four to five centuries earlier. The Jewish diaspora during the early Middle Ages was mainly the outcome of literate Jewish craftsmen, shopkeepers, traders, scholars, teachers, physicians, and moneylenders migrating in search of business opportunities to reap returns on their investment in literacy and education.
Elaine Matthews (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264126
- eISBN:
- 9780191734632
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264126.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This book provides an interpretative guide to using a fundamental resource for the study of the ancient Greek world. Personal names are a statement of identity, a personal choice by parents for their ...
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This book provides an interpretative guide to using a fundamental resource for the study of the ancient Greek world. Personal names are a statement of identity, a personal choice by parents for their child, reflecting their own ancestry and family traditions, and the religious and political values of the society to which they belong. The names of the ancient Greeks, surviving in their tens of thousands in manuscripts and documents, offer a valuable insight into ancient Greek society. The chapters collected here examine how the Greeks responded to new environments. They draw out issues of identity as expressed through the choice, formation, and adaptation of personal names, not only by Greeks when they came into contact with non-Greeks, but of others in relation to Greeks, for example Egyptians, Persians, Thracians, and Semitic peoples, including the Jewish communities in the diaspora. Grounded in the ‘old’ world of Greece (in particular, Euboia and Thessaly), the book also reaches out to the many parts of the ancient world where Greeks travelled, traded, and settled, and where the dominant culture before the arrival of the Greeks was not Greek. Reflecting upon the progress of the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names project, which has already published the names of over a quarter of a million ancient Greeks, it will be of interest to scholars and students of the language, literature, history, religion, and archaeology of the ancient Greek world.Less
This book provides an interpretative guide to using a fundamental resource for the study of the ancient Greek world. Personal names are a statement of identity, a personal choice by parents for their child, reflecting their own ancestry and family traditions, and the religious and political values of the society to which they belong. The names of the ancient Greeks, surviving in their tens of thousands in manuscripts and documents, offer a valuable insight into ancient Greek society. The chapters collected here examine how the Greeks responded to new environments. They draw out issues of identity as expressed through the choice, formation, and adaptation of personal names, not only by Greeks when they came into contact with non-Greeks, but of others in relation to Greeks, for example Egyptians, Persians, Thracians, and Semitic peoples, including the Jewish communities in the diaspora. Grounded in the ‘old’ world of Greece (in particular, Euboia and Thessaly), the book also reaches out to the many parts of the ancient world where Greeks travelled, traded, and settled, and where the dominant culture before the arrival of the Greeks was not Greek. Reflecting upon the progress of the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names project, which has already published the names of over a quarter of a million ancient Greeks, it will be of interest to scholars and students of the language, literature, history, religion, and archaeology of the ancient Greek world.
Gabriel Sheffer
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198279945
- eISBN:
- 9780191684326
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198279945.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
In the wake of the Second World War that wreaked havoc on the European Jewish Diaspora, the stage was set for drastic change in the Zionist movement and in its positions and tactics. The members of ...
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In the wake of the Second World War that wreaked havoc on the European Jewish Diaspora, the stage was set for drastic change in the Zionist movement and in its positions and tactics. The members of the Zionist movement expected that such change would emerge in the preparations for and in the course of the World Zionist Congress, scheduled for Basle in December 1946. The Twenty-Second World Zionist Congress opened in a singularly gloomy atmosphere. Although hundreds of thousands of Jews throughout the world had joined the Zionist movement in the aftermath of the Holocaust, so that the number of registered members had almost reached the two-million mark, there was no escape from the sense of tremendous loss cast over the congress by the missing European Jewish communities and by the many thousands of members and Zionist leaders who had perished in the Holocaust. Throughout the entire Congress, the controversy over tactics was inextricably entwined with the struggle for prestige and position, especially that of the presidency of the Zionist movement, with the majority of the Yishuv's Mapai delegates supporting Ben–Gurion's attempt to demote Weizmann to the post of honorary president, which the ageing ‘chief’ immediately declined.Less
In the wake of the Second World War that wreaked havoc on the European Jewish Diaspora, the stage was set for drastic change in the Zionist movement and in its positions and tactics. The members of the Zionist movement expected that such change would emerge in the preparations for and in the course of the World Zionist Congress, scheduled for Basle in December 1946. The Twenty-Second World Zionist Congress opened in a singularly gloomy atmosphere. Although hundreds of thousands of Jews throughout the world had joined the Zionist movement in the aftermath of the Holocaust, so that the number of registered members had almost reached the two-million mark, there was no escape from the sense of tremendous loss cast over the congress by the missing European Jewish communities and by the many thousands of members and Zionist leaders who had perished in the Holocaust. Throughout the entire Congress, the controversy over tactics was inextricably entwined with the struggle for prestige and position, especially that of the presidency of the Zionist movement, with the majority of the Yishuv's Mapai delegates supporting Ben–Gurion's attempt to demote Weizmann to the post of honorary president, which the ageing ‘chief’ immediately declined.
Fergus Millar
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265574
- eISBN:
- 9780191760396
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265574.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter focuses on the presence of large settled populations of Jews and Samaritans, both urban and rural, in Palestine in the first to fourth centuries, and how Jewish identity and belief was ...
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This chapter focuses on the presence of large settled populations of Jews and Samaritans, both urban and rural, in Palestine in the first to fourth centuries, and how Jewish identity and belief was expressed in the form of major literary works, in both Hebrew and Aramaic. It first considers two studies attributed to the Talmudic scholar, Saul Lieberman: one on the Greek context of Jewish life in Judaea/Palaestina in the first to fourth centuries; and one on the extensive presence of transliterated Greek words, and of Greek concepts, in rabbinic literature. It then looks at the co-existence and conflict between religious and ethnic communities in Palestine, citing evidence provided each by Sozomenus and Epiphanius. More specifically, it discusses some reports of overt inter-communal conflicts, which often involve Samaritans rather than Jews. It also describes Samaritan religion and culture, Jews and Judaism in Palestine, and the Jewish diaspora in the Roman Near East.Less
This chapter focuses on the presence of large settled populations of Jews and Samaritans, both urban and rural, in Palestine in the first to fourth centuries, and how Jewish identity and belief was expressed in the form of major literary works, in both Hebrew and Aramaic. It first considers two studies attributed to the Talmudic scholar, Saul Lieberman: one on the Greek context of Jewish life in Judaea/Palaestina in the first to fourth centuries; and one on the extensive presence of transliterated Greek words, and of Greek concepts, in rabbinic literature. It then looks at the co-existence and conflict between religious and ethnic communities in Palestine, citing evidence provided each by Sozomenus and Epiphanius. More specifically, it discusses some reports of overt inter-communal conflicts, which often involve Samaritans rather than Jews. It also describes Samaritan religion and culture, Jews and Judaism in Palestine, and the Jewish diaspora in the Roman Near East.
Anna Collar
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199697090
- eISBN:
- 9780191745300
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199697090.003.0010
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter uses the epigraphic data for the Jewish Diaspora to argue that, if the rabbinic reforms of Judaism were necessitated by the destruction wrought in Judaea, then this cataclysm also ...
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This chapter uses the epigraphic data for the Jewish Diaspora to argue that, if the rabbinic reforms of Judaism were necessitated by the destruction wrought in Judaea, then this cataclysm also ‘activated’ the ethnic network of the Diaspora Jews. Before the destruction of the Temple, Diaspora Jews did not define themselves (epigraphically) as such. This was because there was an inherent centre to their religious life, manifest in the Temple. The destruction of the real and psychological centre of Judaism changed Jewish existence forever. It is argued that the tenets of rabbinic halakhah — the laws and moral codes defined in the Mishnah — were swiftly transmitted across the newly activated ethnic network of the Diaspora, shown clearly in the epigraphic record as a renewed knowledge of the wider Jewish network.Less
This chapter uses the epigraphic data for the Jewish Diaspora to argue that, if the rabbinic reforms of Judaism were necessitated by the destruction wrought in Judaea, then this cataclysm also ‘activated’ the ethnic network of the Diaspora Jews. Before the destruction of the Temple, Diaspora Jews did not define themselves (epigraphically) as such. This was because there was an inherent centre to their religious life, manifest in the Temple. The destruction of the real and psychological centre of Judaism changed Jewish existence forever. It is argued that the tenets of rabbinic halakhah — the laws and moral codes defined in the Mishnah — were swiftly transmitted across the newly activated ethnic network of the Diaspora, shown clearly in the epigraphic record as a renewed knowledge of the wider Jewish network.
Shaul Kelner
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814748169
- eISBN:
- 9780814749180
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814748169.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter begins by analyzing states' deployment of mass tourism as a medium of diasporic political socialization, with a focus on the State of Israel. It then discusses how scholars of diaspora ...
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This chapter begins by analyzing states' deployment of mass tourism as a medium of diasporic political socialization, with a focus on the State of Israel. It then discusses how scholars of diaspora Jewish tours to Israel have demonstrated little interest in the lessons to be learned from the homeland tours of other diaspora communities. This can be partially attributed to the fact that literature on these other tours only began to appear in the mid-1990s, and even then, only at a trickle. The closest thing to a foundational text in this literature is a 1996 article by anthropologist Edward Bruner on African American tourism to the slave castles in Ghana. The chapter concludes with a description of the book's organization.Less
This chapter begins by analyzing states' deployment of mass tourism as a medium of diasporic political socialization, with a focus on the State of Israel. It then discusses how scholars of diaspora Jewish tours to Israel have demonstrated little interest in the lessons to be learned from the homeland tours of other diaspora communities. This can be partially attributed to the fact that literature on these other tours only began to appear in the mid-1990s, and even then, only at a trickle. The closest thing to a foundational text in this literature is a 1996 article by anthropologist Edward Bruner on African American tourism to the slave castles in Ghana. The chapter concludes with a description of the book's organization.
Thomas A. Robinson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190620547
- eISBN:
- 9780190620578
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190620547.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
Claims about the size of the Jewish population in the Roman Empire vary wildly, from 2 million to 10 million or more. But any attempt to establish the size is doomed to fail because of the nature of ...
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Claims about the size of the Jewish population in the Roman Empire vary wildly, from 2 million to 10 million or more. But any attempt to establish the size is doomed to fail because of the nature of the evidence. In spite of that, many scholars have asserted that Jews made up 20% of the Eastern Roman Empire, claiming also that the diaspora Jewish population was largely urban, with some claiming that this population was economically prosperous too. But such a scenario would not only saturate the cities of the Roman Empire with Jews, it would need to explain how a largely rural and farming population in the homeland of Palestine (with perhaps a million people) could have populated the urban areas of the Roman Empire with skilled artisans and traders. Perhaps a rural Jewish diaspora needs consideration.Less
Claims about the size of the Jewish population in the Roman Empire vary wildly, from 2 million to 10 million or more. But any attempt to establish the size is doomed to fail because of the nature of the evidence. In spite of that, many scholars have asserted that Jews made up 20% of the Eastern Roman Empire, claiming also that the diaspora Jewish population was largely urban, with some claiming that this population was economically prosperous too. But such a scenario would not only saturate the cities of the Roman Empire with Jews, it would need to explain how a largely rural and farming population in the homeland of Palestine (with perhaps a million people) could have populated the urban areas of the Roman Empire with skilled artisans and traders. Perhaps a rural Jewish diaspora needs consideration.
Matthias B. Lehmann
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804789653
- eISBN:
- 9780804792462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804789653.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
This chapter introduces the subject of this study: the Istanbul-based network of support for the Jews in Ottoman Palestine and the rabbinic emissaries who sustained its fundraising missions in the ...
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This chapter introduces the subject of this study: the Istanbul-based network of support for the Jews in Ottoman Palestine and the rabbinic emissaries who sustained its fundraising missions in the eighteenth century, and the changing dynamics of the relationship between the Holy Land and the Jewish communities of the diaspora. The introduction situates the current study in the broader context of modern Jewish historiography, challenging many assumptions not only of an older, teleological, and nationalist (Zionist) historical narrative, but also many of the assumptions of its post-Zionist critics.Less
This chapter introduces the subject of this study: the Istanbul-based network of support for the Jews in Ottoman Palestine and the rabbinic emissaries who sustained its fundraising missions in the eighteenth century, and the changing dynamics of the relationship between the Holy Land and the Jewish communities of the diaspora. The introduction situates the current study in the broader context of modern Jewish historiography, challenging many assumptions not only of an older, teleological, and nationalist (Zionist) historical narrative, but also many of the assumptions of its post-Zionist critics.
Josh DeWind and Renata Segura
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479818761
- eISBN:
- 9781479811786
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479818761.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This introductory chapter provides an overview of diaspora populations in the United States, who have sought to influence US foreign policies toward their homelands. Diasporas' actual or potential ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of diaspora populations in the United States, who have sought to influence US foreign policies toward their homelands. Diasporas' actual or potential influence on US foreign policies toward their homelands has been greatly controversial, particularly during times of crisis or war. Diasporas, whose many members have assimilated over multiple generations into American society and established a base of social and political power, such as Irish and Jewish immigrants and their descendants, seem to exert significant influence. However, while influential in many respects, the Irish diaspora has rarely been able to undermine the United States' alliance with Britain. In contrast, the Jewish diaspora has prevailed over other diasporas and over the United States' national interests in shaping US policies toward the Middle East. This book thus explores the nature of diasporas and the history of their relations with the US government.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of diaspora populations in the United States, who have sought to influence US foreign policies toward their homelands. Diasporas' actual or potential influence on US foreign policies toward their homelands has been greatly controversial, particularly during times of crisis or war. Diasporas, whose many members have assimilated over multiple generations into American society and established a base of social and political power, such as Irish and Jewish immigrants and their descendants, seem to exert significant influence. However, while influential in many respects, the Irish diaspora has rarely been able to undermine the United States' alliance with Britain. In contrast, the Jewish diaspora has prevailed over other diasporas and over the United States' national interests in shaping US policies toward the Middle East. This book thus explores the nature of diasporas and the history of their relations with the US government.
Shaul Kelner
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814748169
- eISBN:
- 9780814749180
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814748169.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter examines how the acts of ascribing meaning to Israel end up mapping culture onto place and place onto culture. It considers how structural elements of tourism, including sight-marker ...
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This chapter examines how the acts of ascribing meaning to Israel end up mapping culture onto place and place onto culture. It considers how structural elements of tourism, including sight-marker transformations, semiotics of difference, and themed environments all contribute to the territorialization of Jewishness in Israel and to the creation of a consumption-based form of diasporic engagement with the ethnic homeland. In other words, tours create an environment for expressing and developing an identification with the Jewish homeland and with Jewish culture through consumer acts such as purchasing souvenirs, eating foods, viewing films, visiting museums, and shooting photographs. This is clearly not the set of behaviors prescribed by rabbinic tradition as the preferred mode of Jewish ethno-religious practice. As such, it raises a host of normative questions that devotees of tradition may wish to ponder.Less
This chapter examines how the acts of ascribing meaning to Israel end up mapping culture onto place and place onto culture. It considers how structural elements of tourism, including sight-marker transformations, semiotics of difference, and themed environments all contribute to the territorialization of Jewishness in Israel and to the creation of a consumption-based form of diasporic engagement with the ethnic homeland. In other words, tours create an environment for expressing and developing an identification with the Jewish homeland and with Jewish culture through consumer acts such as purchasing souvenirs, eating foods, viewing films, visiting museums, and shooting photographs. This is clearly not the set of behaviors prescribed by rabbinic tradition as the preferred mode of Jewish ethno-religious practice. As such, it raises a host of normative questions that devotees of tradition may wish to ponder.
Bryan Cheyette
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780300093186
- eISBN:
- 9780300199376
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300093186.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
Philip Roth, in his early and middle years, characterizes “race,” in the form of European anti-Semitism or the rage of African Americans, as the one discourse that limits the seemingly endless ...
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Philip Roth, in his early and middle years, characterizes “race,” in the form of European anti-Semitism or the rage of African Americans, as the one discourse that limits the seemingly endless zigzagging of his fiction. This chapter shows that by the time of Roth’s late work, it is the monumental history of the United States that acts as a brake on his transgressive imagination. By locating death and suffering at the heart of his idea of the nation, Roth both universalizes a victimized Jewish diaspora and ceases to be on the side of imaginative “chaos,” as he puts it in I Married a Communist (1998).Less
Philip Roth, in his early and middle years, characterizes “race,” in the form of European anti-Semitism or the rage of African Americans, as the one discourse that limits the seemingly endless zigzagging of his fiction. This chapter shows that by the time of Roth’s late work, it is the monumental history of the United States that acts as a brake on his transgressive imagination. By locating death and suffering at the heart of his idea of the nation, Roth both universalizes a victimized Jewish diaspora and ceases to be on the side of imaginative “chaos,” as he puts it in I Married a Communist (1998).
Theodore Sasson
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814760864
- eISBN:
- 9780814760116
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814760864.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book shows that contrary to the claim of journalists and social scientists that American Jews are “distancing” from ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book shows that contrary to the claim of journalists and social scientists that American Jews are “distancing” from Israel, American Jews have actually stepped up their level of engagement with Israel across multiple fields, including advocacy, philanthropy, and tourism. The only change is that American Jewish engagement is developing along new lines that make them more like other contemporary diaspora groups. The book draws upon historical and social scientific evidence to describe developments in diverse “diaspora-homeland fields”. The notion of diaspora-homeland fields borrows a key concept from the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. As actors in a modern setting, diasporans organize their activities in relation to homelands in distinctive fields, each populated by characteristic organizations, professionals, and practices, and maintained through distinctive funding and training institutions, professional networks, and communications media.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book shows that contrary to the claim of journalists and social scientists that American Jews are “distancing” from Israel, American Jews have actually stepped up their level of engagement with Israel across multiple fields, including advocacy, philanthropy, and tourism. The only change is that American Jewish engagement is developing along new lines that make them more like other contemporary diaspora groups. The book draws upon historical and social scientific evidence to describe developments in diverse “diaspora-homeland fields”. The notion of diaspora-homeland fields borrows a key concept from the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. As actors in a modern setting, diasporans organize their activities in relation to homelands in distinctive fields, each populated by characteristic organizations, professionals, and practices, and maintained through distinctive funding and training institutions, professional networks, and communications media.
Matthias B. Lehmann
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804789653
- eISBN:
- 9780804792462
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804789653.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
Emissaries from the Holy Land tells the story of a philanthropic network that was overseen by the Jewish community leadership in the Ottoman capital city of Istanbul between the 1720s and the 1820s ...
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Emissaries from the Holy Land tells the story of a philanthropic network that was overseen by the Jewish community leadership in the Ottoman capital city of Istanbul between the 1720s and the 1820s in support of the impoverished Jews of Palestine. Putting the notion of Jewish solidarity, Jewish unity, and the enduring centrality of the Holy Land for the Jewish world to the test, the community leadership in Palestine and their allies in Istanbul dispatched rabbinic emissaries on fundraising missions everywhere from the shores of the Mediterranean to the port cities of the Atlantic seaboard, from the Caribbean to India. This book explores how this eighteenth-century philanthropic network was organized and how relations of trust and solidarity were built across vast geographic differences. It looks at how the emissaries and their supporters understood the relationship between the Jewish diaspora and the Land of Israel, and it shows how cross-cultural encounters and competing claims for financial support involving Sephardic, Ashkenazi, and North African emissaries and communities contributed to the transformation of Jewish identity in the eighteenth century.Less
Emissaries from the Holy Land tells the story of a philanthropic network that was overseen by the Jewish community leadership in the Ottoman capital city of Istanbul between the 1720s and the 1820s in support of the impoverished Jews of Palestine. Putting the notion of Jewish solidarity, Jewish unity, and the enduring centrality of the Holy Land for the Jewish world to the test, the community leadership in Palestine and their allies in Istanbul dispatched rabbinic emissaries on fundraising missions everywhere from the shores of the Mediterranean to the port cities of the Atlantic seaboard, from the Caribbean to India. This book explores how this eighteenth-century philanthropic network was organized and how relations of trust and solidarity were built across vast geographic differences. It looks at how the emissaries and their supporters understood the relationship between the Jewish diaspora and the Land of Israel, and it shows how cross-cultural encounters and competing claims for financial support involving Sephardic, Ashkenazi, and North African emissaries and communities contributed to the transformation of Jewish identity in the eighteenth century.
Kathy Lavezzo
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781501703157
- eISBN:
- 9781501706158
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501703157.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This book examines texts by English writers from Bede to John Milton that focus on Jews who are accommodated—that is, those who have found lodging in a host country. Insofar as they are accommodated ...
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This book examines texts by English writers from Bede to John Milton that focus on Jews who are accommodated—that is, those who have found lodging in a host country. Insofar as they are accommodated or housed, the Jews depicted in early English texts offer a geography of Jewish identity that departs from what may be a more familiar linkage of Jews and space in antisemitic literature: the Wandering Jew legend. That legend, whose mobile protagonist embodies the territorial upheavals of the Jewish diaspora, only became popular in Europe during the seventeenth century. Before that time, English literature featured not the wandering but the accommodated Jew. The book demonstrates how space both fosters and troubles the antisemitism at work in English texts by engaging in both historical contextualization and close formal analysis of their representation of physical locations. It uses as a conceptual springboard the Hereford world map in order to develop further its methodology.Less
This book examines texts by English writers from Bede to John Milton that focus on Jews who are accommodated—that is, those who have found lodging in a host country. Insofar as they are accommodated or housed, the Jews depicted in early English texts offer a geography of Jewish identity that departs from what may be a more familiar linkage of Jews and space in antisemitic literature: the Wandering Jew legend. That legend, whose mobile protagonist embodies the territorial upheavals of the Jewish diaspora, only became popular in Europe during the seventeenth century. Before that time, English literature featured not the wandering but the accommodated Jew. The book demonstrates how space both fosters and troubles the antisemitism at work in English texts by engaging in both historical contextualization and close formal analysis of their representation of physical locations. It uses as a conceptual springboard the Hereford world map in order to develop further its methodology.
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226776361
- eISBN:
- 9780226776385
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226776385.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas
This chapter presents a discussion on Jewish diaspora nationalism in the Bukovina. Czernowitz became a significant center of Jewish diaspora nationalism. Nathan Birnbaum was the principal organizer ...
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This chapter presents a discussion on Jewish diaspora nationalism in the Bukovina. Czernowitz became a significant center of Jewish diaspora nationalism. Nathan Birnbaum was the principal organizer of the first Yiddish Language Conference in Czernowitz. Max Diamant, originally a Zionist, became increasingly attracted by galut nationalism and the cause of the Yiddish language. He authored a legal treatise on municipal law and municipal electoral regulations in the Bukovina. He decided to submit the by-laws of the proposed Jewish theater association not in German or another of the languages officially recognized in the Bukovina, but in Yiddish and in Yiddish orthography. In addition, he emphasized religion as the central unifying cultural characteristic of the Jews of the East. The arguments put forward by Diamant, particularly his speech before the Imperial Court in Vienna, deserve wider recognition as an outstanding document of galut nationalism and a resounding defense of the Yiddish language.Less
This chapter presents a discussion on Jewish diaspora nationalism in the Bukovina. Czernowitz became a significant center of Jewish diaspora nationalism. Nathan Birnbaum was the principal organizer of the first Yiddish Language Conference in Czernowitz. Max Diamant, originally a Zionist, became increasingly attracted by galut nationalism and the cause of the Yiddish language. He authored a legal treatise on municipal law and municipal electoral regulations in the Bukovina. He decided to submit the by-laws of the proposed Jewish theater association not in German or another of the languages officially recognized in the Bukovina, but in Yiddish and in Yiddish orthography. In addition, he emphasized religion as the central unifying cultural characteristic of the Jews of the East. The arguments put forward by Diamant, particularly his speech before the Imperial Court in Vienna, deserve wider recognition as an outstanding document of galut nationalism and a resounding defense of the Yiddish language.
Mohammed A. Bamyeh
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479818761
- eISBN:
- 9781479811786
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479818761.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter explores the influence of the Jewish lobby on US foreign policy. Leaders of many diasporas view the Jewish lobby as a model for emulation because it seems to have mobilized a broad and ...
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This chapter explores the influence of the Jewish lobby on US foreign policy. Leaders of many diasporas view the Jewish lobby as a model for emulation because it seems to have mobilized a broad and unified Jewish American constituency and attained influence necessary to ensure the United States' unwavering support for Israel throughout decades of conflict with Palestinians. The foreign policy influence of the Jewish lobby can be attributed to the US government's failure to develop an alternative and independent strategic perspective toward international relations, since the end of the Cold War. In other words, it is the absence of a defined national interest and a meaningful national policy that permits the Jewish diaspora to exert uncontested influence.Less
This chapter explores the influence of the Jewish lobby on US foreign policy. Leaders of many diasporas view the Jewish lobby as a model for emulation because it seems to have mobilized a broad and unified Jewish American constituency and attained influence necessary to ensure the United States' unwavering support for Israel throughout decades of conflict with Palestinians. The foreign policy influence of the Jewish lobby can be attributed to the US government's failure to develop an alternative and independent strategic perspective toward international relations, since the end of the Cold War. In other words, it is the absence of a defined national interest and a meaningful national policy that permits the Jewish diaspora to exert uncontested influence.
Timothy H. Lim
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780300164343
- eISBN:
- 9780300164954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300164343.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
It has been asserted that the Septuagint was the Bible of the Jewish diaspora during the period after the return of the Jews from exile to the emergence of Rabbinic Judaism. However, the reality is ...
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It has been asserted that the Septuagint was the Bible of the Jewish diaspora during the period after the return of the Jews from exile to the emergence of Rabbinic Judaism. However, the reality is much more complicated. This chapter looks at the role of the Letter of Aristeas in attesting to the existence of a canon, not in its literary setting of the third century bce, but among the Alexandrian Jewish community of the first and perhaps also the second century bce. This canon of Jewish laws probably consisted of the first five books of the Bible, the Pentateuch. But as the legend of the origins of the Greek translation was passed on, it was adapted to changed circumstances, and the translated texts came to mean more than the Pentateuch in the writings of the church fathers.Less
It has been asserted that the Septuagint was the Bible of the Jewish diaspora during the period after the return of the Jews from exile to the emergence of Rabbinic Judaism. However, the reality is much more complicated. This chapter looks at the role of the Letter of Aristeas in attesting to the existence of a canon, not in its literary setting of the third century bce, but among the Alexandrian Jewish community of the first and perhaps also the second century bce. This canon of Jewish laws probably consisted of the first five books of the Bible, the Pentateuch. But as the legend of the origins of the Greek translation was passed on, it was adapted to changed circumstances, and the translated texts came to mean more than the Pentateuch in the writings of the church fathers.
Shaul Kelner
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814748169
- eISBN:
- 9780814749180
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814748169.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
Since 1999 hundreds of thousands of young American Jews have visited Israel on an all-expense-paid 10-day pilgrimage-tour known as Birthright Israel. The most elaborate of the state-supported ...
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Since 1999 hundreds of thousands of young American Jews have visited Israel on an all-expense-paid 10-day pilgrimage-tour known as Birthright Israel. The most elaborate of the state-supported homeland tours that are cropping up all over the world, this tour seeks to foster in the American Jewish diaspora a lifelong sense of attachment to Israel based on ethnic and political solidarity. Over a half-billion dollars (and counting) has been spent cultivating this attachment, and despite 9/11 and the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict the tours are still going strong. Based on over seven years of first-hand observation in modern day Israel, the book provides an on-the-ground look at this hotly debated and widely emulated use of tourism to forge transnational ties. We ride the bus, attend speeches with the Prime Minister, hang out in the hotel bar, and get a fresh feel for young American Jewish identity and contemporary Israel. We see how tourism's dynamism coupled with the vibrant human agency of the individual tourists inevitably complicate tour leaders' efforts to rein tourism in and bring it under control. By looking at the broader meaning of tourism, the book brings to light the contradictions inherent in the tours and the ways that people understand their relationship to place both materially and symbolically. The book offers a new way of thinking about tourism as a way through which people develop understandings of place, society, and self.Less
Since 1999 hundreds of thousands of young American Jews have visited Israel on an all-expense-paid 10-day pilgrimage-tour known as Birthright Israel. The most elaborate of the state-supported homeland tours that are cropping up all over the world, this tour seeks to foster in the American Jewish diaspora a lifelong sense of attachment to Israel based on ethnic and political solidarity. Over a half-billion dollars (and counting) has been spent cultivating this attachment, and despite 9/11 and the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict the tours are still going strong. Based on over seven years of first-hand observation in modern day Israel, the book provides an on-the-ground look at this hotly debated and widely emulated use of tourism to forge transnational ties. We ride the bus, attend speeches with the Prime Minister, hang out in the hotel bar, and get a fresh feel for young American Jewish identity and contemporary Israel. We see how tourism's dynamism coupled with the vibrant human agency of the individual tourists inevitably complicate tour leaders' efforts to rein tourism in and bring it under control. By looking at the broader meaning of tourism, the book brings to light the contradictions inherent in the tours and the ways that people understand their relationship to place both materially and symbolically. The book offers a new way of thinking about tourism as a way through which people develop understandings of place, society, and self.
Richard I. Cohen (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- August 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190912628
- eISBN:
- 9780190912659
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0025
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism, Religion and Society
This chapter reviews the book Jewish Voices in Feminism: Transnational Perspectives (2015), by Nelly Las, translated by Ruth Morris. Originally published in French in 2011, Jewish Voices in Feminism ...
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This chapter reviews the book Jewish Voices in Feminism: Transnational Perspectives (2015), by Nelly Las, translated by Ruth Morris. Originally published in French in 2011, Jewish Voices in Feminism explores the connections and gaps between feminism and Zionism. In particular, it offers a comparative description of Jewish feminism in the United States and France, the two largest Jewish diaspora communities. Las argues that “French feminism, with its solid footing in secularism, does not have anything similar to the English-speaking countries’ new interpretations of Christian theology nor postmodern Biblical exegesis.” She places a great deal of emphasis on Zionism as a component of diaspora Jewish identity, and the ways that Zionism interacts with feminism. Las also identifies the range of attitudes toward Israel and Zionism among non-Jewish and (especially) Jewish feminists.Less
This chapter reviews the book Jewish Voices in Feminism: Transnational Perspectives (2015), by Nelly Las, translated by Ruth Morris. Originally published in French in 2011, Jewish Voices in Feminism explores the connections and gaps between feminism and Zionism. In particular, it offers a comparative description of Jewish feminism in the United States and France, the two largest Jewish diaspora communities. Las argues that “French feminism, with its solid footing in secularism, does not have anything similar to the English-speaking countries’ new interpretations of Christian theology nor postmodern Biblical exegesis.” She places a great deal of emphasis on Zionism as a component of diaspora Jewish identity, and the ways that Zionism interacts with feminism. Las also identifies the range of attitudes toward Israel and Zionism among non-Jewish and (especially) Jewish feminists.
Robert B. Ekelund Jr. and Robert D. Tollison
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226200026
- eISBN:
- 9780226200040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226200040.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter has three primary goals: (1) to initiate an integration of the economic theories of entrepreneurship and networking with sociological and historical analyses of the initial spread of ...
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This chapter has three primary goals: (1) to initiate an integration of the economic theories of entrepreneurship and networking with sociological and historical analyses of the initial spread of Christianity; (2) to relate these developments to historical Christianity, and (3) to present some statistics showing how Saint Paul played an important role in this spread. It concludes that the early spread of Christianity resulted from the interplay between entrepreneurial activities and network effects spawned by the teachings of Paul to the Gentiles and through the Jewish Diaspora.Less
This chapter has three primary goals: (1) to initiate an integration of the economic theories of entrepreneurship and networking with sociological and historical analyses of the initial spread of Christianity; (2) to relate these developments to historical Christianity, and (3) to present some statistics showing how Saint Paul played an important role in this spread. It concludes that the early spread of Christianity resulted from the interplay between entrepreneurial activities and network effects spawned by the teachings of Paul to the Gentiles and through the Jewish Diaspora.
