St Augustine
P. G. Walsh (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780198269953
- eISBN:
- 9780191601132
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269951.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
The Good of Marriage and On Holy Virginity are separate treatises but closely interconnected as comparing these modes of Christian commitment. They were composed in the same year, a.d. ...
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The Good of Marriage and On Holy Virginity are separate treatises but closely interconnected as comparing these modes of Christian commitment. They were composed in the same year, a.d. 401. Augustine had personal experience of both states, having had two concubines (he fathered a son by the first) and having lived a celibate life following his conversion in a.d. 386. His treatment of marriage and consecrated virginity is rooted in the New Testament, above all in Paul's I Cor. 7, and is indebted to earlier Christian discussions, especially those of Ambrose. The two works are directed against the Manichees on the one hand, who argued that marriage and procreation were evil, and on the other, to repair the damage done by the controversy between Jovinian (arguing that the married state was as meritorious as virginity) and Jerome (who in exalting virginity denigrated marriage).Less
The Good of Marriage and On Holy Virginity are separate treatises but closely interconnected as comparing these modes of Christian commitment. They were composed in the same year, a.d. 401. Augustine had personal experience of both states, having had two concubines (he fathered a son by the first) and having lived a celibate life following his conversion in a.d. 386. His treatment of marriage and consecrated virginity is rooted in the New Testament, above all in Paul's I Cor. 7, and is indebted to earlier Christian discussions, especially those of Ambrose. The two works are directed against the Manichees on the one hand, who argued that marriage and procreation were evil, and on the other, to repair the damage done by the controversy between Jovinian (arguing that the married state was as meritorious as virginity) and Jerome (who in exalting virginity denigrated marriage).
Stephen Banfield
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263242
- eISBN:
- 9780191734014
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263242.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This lecture discusses Jerome Kern, who provides a convenient and important case study for the reclamation of the musical as historical output. It explores how the cross-disciplinary, unruly, and ...
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This lecture discusses Jerome Kern, who provides a convenient and important case study for the reclamation of the musical as historical output. It explores how the cross-disciplinary, unruly, and sometimes ephemeral, materials of popular musical theatre can best be first located and safeguarded. These materials are then reconstituted for the detached assessment they now demand, away from the pressures and traditions of showbusiness and popular canons. The lecture touches on four areas: the changing expectations of genre, the workings of nationalism, the nature and scope of the source materials, and the interplay of creative ambition and commercial expediency.Less
This lecture discusses Jerome Kern, who provides a convenient and important case study for the reclamation of the musical as historical output. It explores how the cross-disciplinary, unruly, and sometimes ephemeral, materials of popular musical theatre can best be first located and safeguarded. These materials are then reconstituted for the detached assessment they now demand, away from the pressures and traditions of showbusiness and popular canons. The lecture touches on four areas: the changing expectations of genre, the workings of nationalism, the nature and scope of the source materials, and the interplay of creative ambition and commercial expediency.
David G. Hunter
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199279784
- eISBN:
- 9780191707391
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279784.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
In the later years of the fourth century the monk Jovinian was condemned at Rome and Milan for teaching that all baptized Christians were equal in God's sight and that all would receive an equal ...
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In the later years of the fourth century the monk Jovinian was condemned at Rome and Milan for teaching that all baptized Christians were equal in God's sight and that all would receive an equal reward in heaven regardless of ascetic merit. This book is the first study in English devoted to Jovinian and the controversy sparked by his teaching. In chapter 1 I offer a reconstruction of Jovinian's teaching, uncovering its strong anti‐heretical emphases, exposing its biblical foundations, and relating it to fourth‐century baptismal practice. Subsequent chapters place Jovinian in a variety of contexts: the rise of a Christian aristocracy in the fourth century (chapter 2); the development of an anti‐heretical tradition in the first three centuries (chapter 3); the proliferation of this heresiological discourse in the fourth century (chapter 4); and the history of Marian theology, especially on the matter of Mary's perpetual virginity (chapter 5). In the final two chapters I distinguish the different approaches to marriage, celibacy, and clerical life evinced by Jovinian's opponents (chapter 6), and highlight the ways in which one of these opponents, Jerome, became the object of criticism and accusations of heresy. If there is a single conclusion to be drawn from this study, it is that Jovinian stood much closer to the mainstream of the Christian tradition than previous critics (including his ancient opponents) allowed.Less
In the later years of the fourth century the monk Jovinian was condemned at Rome and Milan for teaching that all baptized Christians were equal in God's sight and that all would receive an equal reward in heaven regardless of ascetic merit. This book is the first study in English devoted to Jovinian and the controversy sparked by his teaching. In chapter 1 I offer a reconstruction of Jovinian's teaching, uncovering its strong anti‐heretical emphases, exposing its biblical foundations, and relating it to fourth‐century baptismal practice. Subsequent chapters place Jovinian in a variety of contexts: the rise of a Christian aristocracy in the fourth century (chapter 2); the development of an anti‐heretical tradition in the first three centuries (chapter 3); the proliferation of this heresiological discourse in the fourth century (chapter 4); and the history of Marian theology, especially on the matter of Mary's perpetual virginity (chapter 5). In the final two chapters I distinguish the different approaches to marriage, celibacy, and clerical life evinced by Jovinian's opponents (chapter 6), and highlight the ways in which one of these opponents, Jerome, became the object of criticism and accusations of heresy. If there is a single conclusion to be drawn from this study, it is that Jovinian stood much closer to the mainstream of the Christian tradition than previous critics (including his ancient opponents) allowed.
Kevin Madigan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195322743
- eISBN:
- 9780199785407
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195322743.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The Arian writers made much of the blunt admission by Jesus that he was ignorant of the Day of Judgment. This chapter examines orthodox responses to the charge that this was proof of the inferiority ...
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The Arian writers made much of the blunt admission by Jesus that he was ignorant of the Day of Judgment. This chapter examines orthodox responses to the charge that this was proof of the inferiority of the Incarnate Word's nature.Less
The Arian writers made much of the blunt admission by Jesus that he was ignorant of the Day of Judgment. This chapter examines orthodox responses to the charge that this was proof of the inferiority of the Incarnate Word's nature.
Bernard Gert, Charles M. Culver, and K. Danner Clouser
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195159066
- eISBN:
- 9780199786466
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195159063.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter shows that the book’s account of malady generates the objective account of mental disorders that has been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from ...
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This chapter shows that the book’s account of malady generates the objective account of mental disorders that has been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from DSM III R to DSM IV TR. It defends this definition from the criticisms of Jerome Wakefield and others, and explains why the DSM account of the paraphilias continues to change from DSM III R to DSM IV TR. An account of volitional disabilities and a classification of actions that distinguishes between intentional, voluntary, and free actions are also provided.Less
This chapter shows that the book’s account of malady generates the objective account of mental disorders that has been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from DSM III R to DSM IV TR. It defends this definition from the criticisms of Jerome Wakefield and others, and explains why the DSM account of the paraphilias continues to change from DSM III R to DSM IV TR. An account of volitional disabilities and a classification of actions that distinguishes between intentional, voluntary, and free actions are also provided.
Richard Dean
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199285723
- eISBN:
- 9780191603938
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199285721.003.0012
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter makes three large-scale points about the positions developed in the book. First, it explains that taking good will as an end in itself is consistent with Jerome Schneewind’s emphasis on ...
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This chapter makes three large-scale points about the positions developed in the book. First, it explains that taking good will as an end in itself is consistent with Jerome Schneewind’s emphasis on the historical context of Kant’s revolutionary moral insights. In particular, Kant’s opposition to voluntarism or divine command theory fits with the good will reading. The second point is that of all the possible readings of the humanity formulation, the least justified is the one which takes the mere power of choice or Willkür to be the end in itself. The third point is just a final emphasis on the role of humanity in Kant’s moral theory, that Kant not only takes humanity to be an object of moral concern, but also a moral ideal toward which we should strive continuously.Less
This chapter makes three large-scale points about the positions developed in the book. First, it explains that taking good will as an end in itself is consistent with Jerome Schneewind’s emphasis on the historical context of Kant’s revolutionary moral insights. In particular, Kant’s opposition to voluntarism or divine command theory fits with the good will reading. The second point is that of all the possible readings of the humanity formulation, the least justified is the one which takes the mere power of choice or Willkür to be the end in itself. The third point is just a final emphasis on the role of humanity in Kant’s moral theory, that Kant not only takes humanity to be an object of moral concern, but also a moral ideal toward which we should strive continuously.
Ali Bonner
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780197266397
- eISBN:
- 9780191879586
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266397.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
Pelagius is the first known British author, important because of his persuasive advocacy of two ideas: that human nature was inclined to goodness, and that man had free will. After a campaign to ...
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Pelagius is the first known British author, important because of his persuasive advocacy of two ideas: that human nature was inclined to goodness, and that man had free will. After a campaign to vilify him, he was excommunicated in AD 418 for allegedly inventing a new heresy, and his name was made synonymous with arrogance. This book shows that Pelagius defended the contemporary ascetic account of Christianity and that, far from being the leader of a separatist group, he was one of many propagandists for the ascetic movement which swept through Christianity at this time and generated medieval monasticism. Textual analysis proves that Pelagius did not teach the ideas attributed to him or propose anything new. It is impossible to differentiate between Pelagius’ writings and other ascetic literature, and there was no separate group of ‘Pelagians’. This book also examines how and why the myth was created, setting this process in its historical context and in the context of scholarship on the function of heresy in religion and sociological analysis of the creation of deviance. Finally, manuscript evidence supports the argument that ‘Pelagianism’ was a deliberately created myth. Travelling under false attributions, Pelagius’ writings were staples of monastic book collections because they contained the same ideas as other texts promoting the ascetic version of Christianity. In the fourteenth century, when Christians once more sought a confident anthropology, it was Pelagius’ works to which they turned. This book presents a paradigm shift in our understanding of the history of Christianity in the West.Less
Pelagius is the first known British author, important because of his persuasive advocacy of two ideas: that human nature was inclined to goodness, and that man had free will. After a campaign to vilify him, he was excommunicated in AD 418 for allegedly inventing a new heresy, and his name was made synonymous with arrogance. This book shows that Pelagius defended the contemporary ascetic account of Christianity and that, far from being the leader of a separatist group, he was one of many propagandists for the ascetic movement which swept through Christianity at this time and generated medieval monasticism. Textual analysis proves that Pelagius did not teach the ideas attributed to him or propose anything new. It is impossible to differentiate between Pelagius’ writings and other ascetic literature, and there was no separate group of ‘Pelagians’. This book also examines how and why the myth was created, setting this process in its historical context and in the context of scholarship on the function of heresy in religion and sociological analysis of the creation of deviance. Finally, manuscript evidence supports the argument that ‘Pelagianism’ was a deliberately created myth. Travelling under false attributions, Pelagius’ writings were staples of monastic book collections because they contained the same ideas as other texts promoting the ascetic version of Christianity. In the fourteenth century, when Christians once more sought a confident anthropology, it was Pelagius’ works to which they turned. This book presents a paradigm shift in our understanding of the history of Christianity in the West.
Edward A. Siecienski
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195372045
- eISBN:
- 9780199777297
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372045.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Although a few important elements remain shrouded in mystery, the history of the filioque in the West is a relatively well documented phenomenon. Although there are a few scattered references to the ...
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Although a few important elements remain shrouded in mystery, the history of the filioque in the West is a relatively well documented phenomenon. Although there are a few scattered references to the relationship of Son and Spirit in the writings of the apologists, the story of filioque begins with Tertullian, as Latin theology began to link the understanding of God’s very nature (i.e., the theology) and the biblical revelation that the Holy Spirit is given to the Church by both the Father and the Son. Although the Latin fathers (e.g., Ambrose) increasingly used language that could be thought to support the filioque, it was Augustine of Hippo who first explicitly spoke of the Spirit proceeding from both the Father and the Son, and who later became the patristic authority for the orthodoxy of the filioque. By the seventh century not only was the filioque part of the creed in many parts of the West, but also considered part of the apostolic faith.Less
Although a few important elements remain shrouded in mystery, the history of the filioque in the West is a relatively well documented phenomenon. Although there are a few scattered references to the relationship of Son and Spirit in the writings of the apologists, the story of filioque begins with Tertullian, as Latin theology began to link the understanding of God’s very nature (i.e., the theology) and the biblical revelation that the Holy Spirit is given to the Church by both the Father and the Son. Although the Latin fathers (e.g., Ambrose) increasingly used language that could be thought to support the filioque, it was Augustine of Hippo who first explicitly spoke of the Spirit proceeding from both the Father and the Son, and who later became the patristic authority for the orthodoxy of the filioque. By the seventh century not only was the filioque part of the creed in many parts of the West, but also considered part of the apostolic faith.
Jennifer V. Ebbeler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780195372564
- eISBN:
- 9780199932122
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372564.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval, Ancient Religions
This book reconsiders several of Augustine's most well-known letter exchanges, including his famously controversial correspondence with Jerome and his efforts to engage his Donatist rivals in a ...
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This book reconsiders several of Augustine's most well-known letter exchanges, including his famously controversial correspondence with Jerome and his efforts to engage his Donatist rivals in a letter exchange. It reads these letters with close attention to conventional epistolary norms and practices, in an effort to identify innovative features of Augustine's epistolary practice. In particular, it notes and analyzes Augustine's adaptation of the traditionally friendly letter exchange to the correction of perceived error in the Christian community. In transforming the practice of letter exchange into a tool of correction, Augustine draws on both the classical philosophical tradition and also scripture. His particular innovation is his insistence that this process of correction can—and often must—be done in the potentially public form of a letter exchange rather than in the privacy of a face-to-face conversation. This is particularly true when the perceived error is one that has the potential to jeopardize the salvation of the entire Christian community. In offering epistolary correction, and requesting reciprocal correction from his correspondents, Augustine treats his practice of letter exchange as a performance of Christian caritas. Indeed, in his view, the friendliest correspondence was that which was concerned solely with preserving the salvation of the participants. In recognizing Augustine's commitment to the corrective correspondence and thus reading his letters with attention to their corrective function, we gain new insights into the complicated dynamics of Augustine's relationships with Jerome, Paulinus of Nola, the Donatists, and Pelagius.Less
This book reconsiders several of Augustine's most well-known letter exchanges, including his famously controversial correspondence with Jerome and his efforts to engage his Donatist rivals in a letter exchange. It reads these letters with close attention to conventional epistolary norms and practices, in an effort to identify innovative features of Augustine's epistolary practice. In particular, it notes and analyzes Augustine's adaptation of the traditionally friendly letter exchange to the correction of perceived error in the Christian community. In transforming the practice of letter exchange into a tool of correction, Augustine draws on both the classical philosophical tradition and also scripture. His particular innovation is his insistence that this process of correction can—and often must—be done in the potentially public form of a letter exchange rather than in the privacy of a face-to-face conversation. This is particularly true when the perceived error is one that has the potential to jeopardize the salvation of the entire Christian community. In offering epistolary correction, and requesting reciprocal correction from his correspondents, Augustine treats his practice of letter exchange as a performance of Christian caritas. Indeed, in his view, the friendliest correspondence was that which was concerned solely with preserving the salvation of the participants. In recognizing Augustine's commitment to the corrective correspondence and thus reading his letters with attention to their corrective function, we gain new insights into the complicated dynamics of Augustine's relationships with Jerome, Paulinus of Nola, the Donatists, and Pelagius.
Charlotte Greenspan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195111101
- eISBN:
- 9780199865703
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195111101.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
Dorothy Fields was best known as a lyricist, one of the few women who played a central role in the great period of American popular song from 1920 to 1960. Fields first became prominent writing the ...
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Dorothy Fields was best known as a lyricist, one of the few women who played a central role in the great period of American popular song from 1920 to 1960. Fields first became prominent writing the lyrics for Cotton Club shows in Harlem in the late 1920s and 1930s, and her most successful collaboration was with the great songwriter Jerome Kern. Her role as a music creator in a world dominated by men makes a fascinating and unusual story — with particular interest for woman today. Dorothy Fields first famous lyrics for the Cotton Club show songs include “I Can't Give You Anything But Love, Baby,” and “On the Sunny Side of the Street.” Her most successful collaboration with the great songwriter Jerome Kern was on three 1930s films, including the incomparable Swing Time with Rogers and Astaire, which produced such classic songs as “The Way You Look Tonight” and “A Fine Romance.” Fields also collaborated with such prominent composers as Sigmund Romberg, Fritz Kreisler, Harold Arlen, Burton Lane, Arthur Schwartz, and Cy Coleman. Her lyrics were colloquial and urbane, sometimes slangy and sometimes sensuous. Her role as a music creator in a world dominated by men makes a fascinating and unusual story—with particular interest for woman today. This book further discusses Fields in relation to other women songwriters and lyricists of the time.Less
Dorothy Fields was best known as a lyricist, one of the few women who played a central role in the great period of American popular song from 1920 to 1960. Fields first became prominent writing the lyrics for Cotton Club shows in Harlem in the late 1920s and 1930s, and her most successful collaboration was with the great songwriter Jerome Kern. Her role as a music creator in a world dominated by men makes a fascinating and unusual story — with particular interest for woman today. Dorothy Fields first famous lyrics for the Cotton Club show songs include “I Can't Give You Anything But Love, Baby,” and “On the Sunny Side of the Street.” Her most successful collaboration with the great songwriter Jerome Kern was on three 1930s films, including the incomparable Swing Time with Rogers and Astaire, which produced such classic songs as “The Way You Look Tonight” and “A Fine Romance.” Fields also collaborated with such prominent composers as Sigmund Romberg, Fritz Kreisler, Harold Arlen, Burton Lane, Arthur Schwartz, and Cy Coleman. Her lyrics were colloquial and urbane, sometimes slangy and sometimes sensuous. Her role as a music creator in a world dominated by men makes a fascinating and unusual story—with particular interest for woman today. This book further discusses Fields in relation to other women songwriters and lyricists of the time.
Philip Lambert
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195390070
- eISBN:
- 9780199863570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390070.003.0003
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition, Popular
This chapter explores the early years of the songwriting partnership between Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick, who began writing songs together in 1957 for a Broadway musical about boxing, The Body ...
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This chapter explores the early years of the songwriting partnership between Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick, who began writing songs together in 1957 for a Broadway musical about boxing, The Body Beautiful. Though the show, which opened in 1958, was not a success, Bock and Harnick worked together again on songs for a musical based on the life of Fiorello La Guardia, the beloved New York City mayor, congressman, and war hero. Fiorello! (1959) was a huge success, earning them and their collaborators—writer-director George Abbott and his co-author Jerome Weidman—Tony Awards and a Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Bock and Harnick quickly became known not only for their stylish, singable melodies and clever lyrics, but also for their attentiveness as songwriters to the dramatic circumstances of each song in the show.Less
This chapter explores the early years of the songwriting partnership between Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick, who began writing songs together in 1957 for a Broadway musical about boxing, The Body Beautiful. Though the show, which opened in 1958, was not a success, Bock and Harnick worked together again on songs for a musical based on the life of Fiorello La Guardia, the beloved New York City mayor, congressman, and war hero. Fiorello! (1959) was a huge success, earning them and their collaborators—writer-director George Abbott and his co-author Jerome Weidman—Tony Awards and a Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Bock and Harnick quickly became known not only for their stylish, singable melodies and clever lyrics, but also for their attentiveness as songwriters to the dramatic circumstances of each song in the show.
Philip Lambert
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195390070
- eISBN:
- 9780199863570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390070.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition, Popular
This entire chapter is devoted to the defining work of the Bock–Harnick partnership, Fiddler on the Roof (1964). It considers the musical’s origins in four stories by Sholem Aleichem, the process of ...
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This entire chapter is devoted to the defining work of the Bock–Harnick partnership, Fiddler on the Roof (1964). It considers the musical’s origins in four stories by Sholem Aleichem, the process of adaptation in collaboration with writer Joseph Stein, the composition and evolution of the show’s songs, the history of the ethnic idioms employed by Bock to evoke Jewish culture, the creation of the main character, Tevye, by Zero Mostel, and the crucial role played by director-choreographer Jerome Robbins in the show’s development and unqualified success. Fiddler on the Roof played on Broadway for almost eight years between 1964 and 1972, longer than any previous Broadway show, and has remained vital and immensely popular, with Broadway revivals in 1976, 1990, and 2004 and countless productions around the world. The musical is also important for the serious issues it addresses pertaining to ethnic oppression and Jewish identity.Less
This entire chapter is devoted to the defining work of the Bock–Harnick partnership, Fiddler on the Roof (1964). It considers the musical’s origins in four stories by Sholem Aleichem, the process of adaptation in collaboration with writer Joseph Stein, the composition and evolution of the show’s songs, the history of the ethnic idioms employed by Bock to evoke Jewish culture, the creation of the main character, Tevye, by Zero Mostel, and the crucial role played by director-choreographer Jerome Robbins in the show’s development and unqualified success. Fiddler on the Roof played on Broadway for almost eight years between 1964 and 1972, longer than any previous Broadway show, and has remained vital and immensely popular, with Broadway revivals in 1976, 1990, and 2004 and countless productions around the world. The musical is also important for the serious issues it addresses pertaining to ethnic oppression and Jewish identity.
Philip Lambert
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195390070
- eISBN:
- 9780199863570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390070.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition, Popular
This chapter considers the work of Bock and Harnick in the aftermath of the unprecedented success of Fiddler on the Roof (1964). Their next show was The Apple Tree (1966), a collection of three ...
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This chapter considers the work of Bock and Harnick in the aftermath of the unprecedented success of Fiddler on the Roof (1964). Their next show was The Apple Tree (1966), a collection of three mini-musicals based on short stories by Mark Twain, Frank R. Stockton, and Jules Feiffer. Mike Nichols directed and Jerome Coopersmith contributed to the adaptations. The show was a moderate success and has aged well, reappearing on Broadway in 2006 starring Kristin Chenoweth. Also during this time, Bock and Harnick helped write songs for another Broadway show, Baker Street (based on Sherlock Holmes stories), and wrote the score for a made-for-television musical, The Canterville Ghost (based on the Oscar Wilde novella).Less
This chapter considers the work of Bock and Harnick in the aftermath of the unprecedented success of Fiddler on the Roof (1964). Their next show was The Apple Tree (1966), a collection of three mini-musicals based on short stories by Mark Twain, Frank R. Stockton, and Jules Feiffer. Mike Nichols directed and Jerome Coopersmith contributed to the adaptations. The show was a moderate success and has aged well, reappearing on Broadway in 2006 starring Kristin Chenoweth. Also during this time, Bock and Harnick helped write songs for another Broadway show, Baker Street (based on Sherlock Holmes stories), and wrote the score for a made-for-television musical, The Canterville Ghost (based on the Oscar Wilde novella).
Charlotte Greenspan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195111101
- eISBN:
- 9780199865703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195111101.003.0009
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter focuses on Dorothy's collaborations with Jerome Kern. When Dorothy Fields began working with Kern, she gained not only a new collaborator but a second family and a new approach to ...
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This chapter focuses on Dorothy's collaborations with Jerome Kern. When Dorothy Fields began working with Kern, she gained not only a new collaborator but a second family and a new approach to integrating songs with dramatic works. Jimmy McHugh was a gifted musician, but Kern was a man of the theater. His Princess shows, some of which Dorothy saw when she was a girl, inspired many songwriters, including Rodgers and Hart and George Gershwin.Less
This chapter focuses on Dorothy's collaborations with Jerome Kern. When Dorothy Fields began working with Kern, she gained not only a new collaborator but a second family and a new approach to integrating songs with dramatic works. Jimmy McHugh was a gifted musician, but Kern was a man of the theater. His Princess shows, some of which Dorothy saw when she was a girl, inspired many songwriters, including Rodgers and Hart and George Gershwin.
Richard Sorabji
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199256600
- eISBN:
- 9780191712609
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199256600.003.0026
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
Stoic apatheia was accepted as an ideal for certain humans by Philo the Jew and many leading Christians: Clement of Alexandria, Origen, the Cappadocians (Basil, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory of ...
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Stoic apatheia was accepted as an ideal for certain humans by Philo the Jew and many leading Christians: Clement of Alexandria, Origen, the Cappadocians (Basil, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory of Nazianzus), as well as Evagrius; although even Evagrius agrees with the others that it requires the grace of God. For ordinary people the Cappadocians write consolation letters about bereavement which urge no more than moderation of emotion (metriopatheia), as Seneca also had done, in spite of being a Stoic. Although Evagrius was followed by the Latin-writer Cassian, some Latin-writing Christians opposed apatheia: Lactantius, Jerome, and Augustine. The last two were attacking Pelagius, who denied original sin, and they lumped him with supporters of apatheia. For Augustine, even unpleasant emotions have been needed since man left the Garden of Eden, and pleasant ones were enjoyed in Eden and will be in heaven.Less
Stoic apatheia was accepted as an ideal for certain humans by Philo the Jew and many leading Christians: Clement of Alexandria, Origen, the Cappadocians (Basil, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory of Nazianzus), as well as Evagrius; although even Evagrius agrees with the others that it requires the grace of God. For ordinary people the Cappadocians write consolation letters about bereavement which urge no more than moderation of emotion (metriopatheia), as Seneca also had done, in spite of being a Stoic. Although Evagrius was followed by the Latin-writer Cassian, some Latin-writing Christians opposed apatheia: Lactantius, Jerome, and Augustine. The last two were attacking Pelagius, who denied original sin, and they lumped him with supporters of apatheia. For Augustine, even unpleasant emotions have been needed since man left the Garden of Eden, and pleasant ones were enjoyed in Eden and will be in heaven.
Andrew Cain
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199563555
- eISBN:
- 9780191721250
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563555.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
In the centuries following his death, Jerome was venerated as a saint and as one of the four Doctors of the Latin church. In his own lifetime, however, he was a severely marginalized figure whose ...
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In the centuries following his death, Jerome was venerated as a saint and as one of the four Doctors of the Latin church. In his own lifetime, however, he was a severely marginalized figure whose intellectual and spiritual authority did not go unchallenged, at times not even by those in his inner circle. His ascetic theology was rejected by the vast majority of Christian contemporaries, his Hebrew scholarship was called into question by the leading biblical authorities of the day, and the reputation he cultivated as a pious monk was compromised by allegations of moral impropriety with some of his female disciples. In view of the extremely problematic nature of his profile, how did Jerome seek to bring credibility to himself and his various causes? This book answers this crucial question through a systematic examination of Jerome's idealized self‐presentation across the whole range of his extant epistolary corpus. Modern scholars overwhelmingly either access the letters as historical sources or appreciate their aesthetic properties. The book offers a new approach and explores the largely neglected but none the less fundamental propagandistic dimension of the correspondence. In particular, he proposes theories about how, and above all why, Jerome used individual letters and letter‐collections to bid for status as an expert on the Bible and ascetic spirituality.Less
In the centuries following his death, Jerome was venerated as a saint and as one of the four Doctors of the Latin church. In his own lifetime, however, he was a severely marginalized figure whose intellectual and spiritual authority did not go unchallenged, at times not even by those in his inner circle. His ascetic theology was rejected by the vast majority of Christian contemporaries, his Hebrew scholarship was called into question by the leading biblical authorities of the day, and the reputation he cultivated as a pious monk was compromised by allegations of moral impropriety with some of his female disciples. In view of the extremely problematic nature of his profile, how did Jerome seek to bring credibility to himself and his various causes? This book answers this crucial question through a systematic examination of Jerome's idealized self‐presentation across the whole range of his extant epistolary corpus. Modern scholars overwhelmingly either access the letters as historical sources or appreciate their aesthetic properties. The book offers a new approach and explores the largely neglected but none the less fundamental propagandistic dimension of the correspondence. In particular, he proposes theories about how, and above all why, Jerome used individual letters and letter‐collections to bid for status as an expert on the Bible and ascetic spirituality.
Richard Finn Op
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199283606
- eISBN:
- 9780191712692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283606.003.0006
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter looks at how Christian and classical patterns of benefaction interacted in the moral authority and writings of three major Christian thinkers: Basil of Caesarea, civic patron, bishop, ...
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This chapter looks at how Christian and classical patterns of benefaction interacted in the moral authority and writings of three major Christian thinkers: Basil of Caesarea, civic patron, bishop, and founder of a famous hostel for the destitute, the Basileiados; Ambrose of Milan, who adapted many of Basil's themes and diatribes on almsgiving for a Latin audience; and Jerome, the fierce advocate of a radical asceticism. Old and new patterns generated controversy over the proper form of Christian generosity towards the poor on the part of bishops, virgins, and lay patrons. Partly in response to such controversy, leading churchmen revised an older moral philosophy to stress the cooperative nature of Christian almsgiving and its superiority over pagan ethics.Less
This chapter looks at how Christian and classical patterns of benefaction interacted in the moral authority and writings of three major Christian thinkers: Basil of Caesarea, civic patron, bishop, and founder of a famous hostel for the destitute, the Basileiados; Ambrose of Milan, who adapted many of Basil's themes and diatribes on almsgiving for a Latin audience; and Jerome, the fierce advocate of a radical asceticism. Old and new patterns generated controversy over the proper form of Christian generosity towards the poor on the part of bishops, virgins, and lay patrons. Partly in response to such controversy, leading churchmen revised an older moral philosophy to stress the cooperative nature of Christian almsgiving and its superiority over pagan ethics.
Terryl L. Givens
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195313901
- eISBN:
- 9780199871933
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195313901.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Preexistence was often linked to immortality, a threat to orthodox conceptions of the human soul. Other problems with the doctrine were its connection with Gnostics and with Plato and its ...
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Preexistence was often linked to immortality, a threat to orthodox conceptions of the human soul. Other problems with the doctrine were its connection with Gnostics and with Plato and its incompatibility with creation ex nihilo (pushed by Basilides). Unlike Jerome, Augustine initially favors preexistence but distances himself in reaction to Pelagianism. Facing that threat, he finds it more important to defend God's grace (thereby emphasizing depravity) than to defend his justice (by emphasizing human choice and by implication, preexistence). Theodicy is largely discarded as a theological problem, and Justinian pronounces an anathema on preexistence.Less
Preexistence was often linked to immortality, a threat to orthodox conceptions of the human soul. Other problems with the doctrine were its connection with Gnostics and with Plato and its incompatibility with creation ex nihilo (pushed by Basilides). Unlike Jerome, Augustine initially favors preexistence but distances himself in reaction to Pelagianism. Facing that threat, he finds it more important to defend God's grace (thereby emphasizing depravity) than to defend his justice (by emphasizing human choice and by implication, preexistence). Theodicy is largely discarded as a theological problem, and Justinian pronounces an anathema on preexistence.
Eric Plumer
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199244393
- eISBN:
- 9780191601194
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199244391.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
Here translated into English for the first time, Augustine's Commentary on Galatians is his only complete, formal commentary on any book of the Bible, and it offers unique insights into his ...
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Here translated into English for the first time, Augustine's Commentary on Galatians is his only complete, formal commentary on any book of the Bible, and it offers unique insights into his understanding of Paul and of his own task as a biblical interpreter. In addition to an English translation with facing Latin text, the present volume provides a comprehensive introduction, copious notes, appendices, a bibliography, and four indices. Since Galatians is the only book of the Bible commented upon by all the ancient Latin commentators—including Jerome, Pelagius, Ambrosiaster, and Marius Victorinus, as well as Augustine—it provides a basis for comparing them and for identifying Augustine's special concerns and emphases. Although Augustine's Commentary contains implicit polemic (against Manicheism and Donatism, for example), it is not essentially a polemical commentary but rather a pastoral commentary intended to aid Augustine in his endeavour to lead, strengthen, and unify the Catholic community at Hippo in North Africa. This pastoral purpose flows naturally from Augustine's dual role as parish priest and spiritual director of his own monastic community. One of the most important ways Christians build community is by correcting one another. Augustine reads Galatians as a model of Christian correction for three main reasons: first, Paul wrote his letter to correct the Galatians; second, in the letter, Paul recounts how he once corrected Peter at Antioch; and third, Paul concludes his letter with instructions on how the Galatians should correct one another. Augustine believes that Christian correction should always be given and received in a spirit of humility and love—the very spirit that Jesus exemplified, commended, and bestowed as a gift.Augustine's Commentary has crucial links to other works he wrote at the time, especially his monastic Rule and De Doctrina Christiana. Augustine's emphasis on Galatians as a pastoral letter designed to preserve and strengthen Christian unity links the Commentary to his monastic Rule, while his method and sources link it to, and indeed pave the way for, the theory of biblical interpretation set forth in De Doctrina Christiana.Less
Here translated into English for the first time, Augustine's Commentary on Galatians is his only complete, formal commentary on any book of the Bible, and it offers unique insights into his understanding of Paul and of his own task as a biblical interpreter. In addition to an English translation with facing Latin text, the present volume provides a comprehensive introduction, copious notes, appendices, a bibliography, and four indices. Since Galatians is the only book of the Bible commented upon by all the ancient Latin commentators—including Jerome, Pelagius, Ambrosiaster, and Marius Victorinus, as well as Augustine—it provides a basis for comparing them and for identifying Augustine's special concerns and emphases. Although Augustine's Commentary contains implicit polemic (against Manicheism and Donatism, for example), it is not essentially a polemical commentary but rather a pastoral commentary intended to aid Augustine in his endeavour to lead, strengthen, and unify the Catholic community at Hippo in North Africa. This pastoral purpose flows naturally from Augustine's dual role as parish priest and spiritual director of his own monastic community. One of the most important ways Christians build community is by correcting one another. Augustine reads Galatians as a model of Christian correction for three main reasons: first, Paul wrote his letter to correct the Galatians; second, in the letter, Paul recounts how he once corrected Peter at Antioch; and third, Paul concludes his letter with instructions on how the Galatians should correct one another. Augustine believes that Christian correction should always be given and received in a spirit of humility and love—the very spirit that Jesus exemplified, commended, and bestowed as a gift.
Augustine's Commentary has crucial links to other works he wrote at the time, especially his monastic Rule and De Doctrina Christiana. Augustine's emphasis on Galatians as a pastoral letter designed to preserve and strengthen Christian unity links the Commentary to his monastic Rule, while his method and sources link it to, and indeed pave the way for, the theory of biblical interpretation set forth in De Doctrina Christiana.
Jennifer Ebbeler
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199203956
- eISBN:
- 9780191708244
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199203956.003.0014
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter considers two celebrated epistolary relationships from the 4th century AD: the famously dysfunctional correspondence of Augustine and Jerome, and the reputedly bitter final years of ...
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This chapter considers two celebrated epistolary relationships from the 4th century AD: the famously dysfunctional correspondence of Augustine and Jerome, and the reputedly bitter final years of Ausonius' correspondence with his former pupil Paulinus. In both of these exchanges, epistolary codes are cleverly manipulated to remarkable rhetorical effect; and any explication of what went wrong (or right) in these complicated letter exchanges requires close attention to the ‘rules’ of the epistolary game. In the case of Augustine and Jerome, the chapter argues that the discernible hostilities in the correspondence arise because Augustine deliberately refuses to play the iuuenis to Jerome's senex and instead represents himself as Jerome's exegetical equal. In the case of Ausonius and Paulinus, on the other hand, it is precisely through their careful adherence to the codes of father-son letters that evidence for a persistent amicitia can be seen despite apparent tensions.Less
This chapter considers two celebrated epistolary relationships from the 4th century AD: the famously dysfunctional correspondence of Augustine and Jerome, and the reputedly bitter final years of Ausonius' correspondence with his former pupil Paulinus. In both of these exchanges, epistolary codes are cleverly manipulated to remarkable rhetorical effect; and any explication of what went wrong (or right) in these complicated letter exchanges requires close attention to the ‘rules’ of the epistolary game. In the case of Augustine and Jerome, the chapter argues that the discernible hostilities in the correspondence arise because Augustine deliberately refuses to play the iuuenis to Jerome's senex and instead represents himself as Jerome's exegetical equal. In the case of Ausonius and Paulinus, on the other hand, it is precisely through their careful adherence to the codes of father-son letters that evidence for a persistent amicitia can be seen despite apparent tensions.
