Arthur J. Marder, Mark Jacobsen, and John Horsfield
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201502
- eISBN:
- 9780191674907
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201502.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This first account of the Royal Navy in the Pacific War is a companion volume to Arthur Marder's Old Friends, New Enemies: Strategic Illusions, 1936–1941. Picking up the story at the nadir of British ...
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This first account of the Royal Navy in the Pacific War is a companion volume to Arthur Marder's Old Friends, New Enemies: Strategic Illusions, 1936–1941. Picking up the story at the nadir of British naval fortunes – ‘everywhere weak and naked’, in Churchill's phrase – it examines the Royal Navy's role in events from 1942 to the Japanese surrender in August 1945. Drawing on both British and Japanese sources and personal accounts by participants, the authors retell the story of the collapse of Allied defences in the Dutch East Indies, culminating in the Battle of the Java Sea. They recount the attempts of the ‘fighting admiral’, Sir James Somerville, to train his motley fleet of cast-offs into an efficient fighting force in spite of the reluctance of Churchill, who resisted the formation of a full-scale British Pacific Fleet until the 1945 assault on the Ryukyu Islands immediately south of Japan. The account provides an analysis of the key personalities who shaped events in these momentous years.Less
This first account of the Royal Navy in the Pacific War is a companion volume to Arthur Marder's Old Friends, New Enemies: Strategic Illusions, 1936–1941. Picking up the story at the nadir of British naval fortunes – ‘everywhere weak and naked’, in Churchill's phrase – it examines the Royal Navy's role in events from 1942 to the Japanese surrender in August 1945. Drawing on both British and Japanese sources and personal accounts by participants, the authors retell the story of the collapse of Allied defences in the Dutch East Indies, culminating in the Battle of the Java Sea. They recount the attempts of the ‘fighting admiral’, Sir James Somerville, to train his motley fleet of cast-offs into an efficient fighting force in spite of the reluctance of Churchill, who resisted the formation of a full-scale British Pacific Fleet until the 1945 assault on the Ryukyu Islands immediately south of Japan. The account provides an analysis of the key personalities who shaped events in these momentous years.
Marc Gallicchio
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- August 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190091101
- eISBN:
- 9780197525852
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190091101.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter begins a month after the previous chapter, on July, 6, 1945, as President Truman, Admiral Leahy, and Secretary of State James Byrnes departed Washington by train, and then by cruiser USS ...
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This chapter begins a month after the previous chapter, on July, 6, 1945, as President Truman, Admiral Leahy, and Secretary of State James Byrnes departed Washington by train, and then by cruiser USS Augusta, heading for Antwerp, Belgium. The formalization for Japanese surrender was finally to begin. American hatred of the Japanese emperor was balanced by a more generalized desire on the part of most Americans to return to peacetime pursuits. Americans were looking past the surrender of Japan and thinking about life after the war. However, the chapter argues, it wasn’t going to be as cut and dried as that. The chapter provides evidence for the subtleties that existed in the debate in political circles.Less
This chapter begins a month after the previous chapter, on July, 6, 1945, as President Truman, Admiral Leahy, and Secretary of State James Byrnes departed Washington by train, and then by cruiser USS Augusta, heading for Antwerp, Belgium. The formalization for Japanese surrender was finally to begin. American hatred of the Japanese emperor was balanced by a more generalized desire on the part of most Americans to return to peacetime pursuits. Americans were looking past the surrender of Japan and thinking about life after the war. However, the chapter argues, it wasn’t going to be as cut and dried as that. The chapter provides evidence for the subtleties that existed in the debate in political circles.
Hiroshi Masuda
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449390
- eISBN:
- 9780801466199
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449390.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Military History
On August 30, 1945, MacArthur landed safely in Japan and from Atsugi Airfield headed for his accommodation at the Hotel New Grand in Yokohama. The U.S. Army had requisitioned the Yokohama Customs ...
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On August 30, 1945, MacArthur landed safely in Japan and from Atsugi Airfield headed for his accommodation at the Hotel New Grand in Yokohama. The U.S. Army had requisitioned the Yokohama Customs Building near the hotel and this became the Headquarters of the U.S. Army forces in the Pacific (GHQ/AFPAC). The 3rd U.S. Pacific Fleet under Admiral William F. Halsey and the USS Missouri with 258 ships had entered Tokyo Bay, carefully avoiding mines and other obstacles as well as Japanese fishing boats. On September 2, the formal ceremony of surrender was conducted on board the Missouri in Tokyo Bay. This chapter discusses the surrender of Japan and the beginning of the Allied occupation; the establishment of the General Headquarters of the supreme commander of the Allied Powers (GHQ/SCAP) and the departure of Lieutenant General Richard Sutherland; the disarmament of the Japanese military and the arrest of war criminals; the meeting between MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito; and disease and food shortages in Japan.Less
On August 30, 1945, MacArthur landed safely in Japan and from Atsugi Airfield headed for his accommodation at the Hotel New Grand in Yokohama. The U.S. Army had requisitioned the Yokohama Customs Building near the hotel and this became the Headquarters of the U.S. Army forces in the Pacific (GHQ/AFPAC). The 3rd U.S. Pacific Fleet under Admiral William F. Halsey and the USS Missouri with 258 ships had entered Tokyo Bay, carefully avoiding mines and other obstacles as well as Japanese fishing boats. On September 2, the formal ceremony of surrender was conducted on board the Missouri in Tokyo Bay. This chapter discusses the surrender of Japan and the beginning of the Allied occupation; the establishment of the General Headquarters of the supreme commander of the Allied Powers (GHQ/SCAP) and the departure of Lieutenant General Richard Sutherland; the disarmament of the Japanese military and the arrest of war criminals; the meeting between MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito; and disease and food shortages in Japan.
Hiroshi Masuda
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449390
- eISBN:
- 9780801466199
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449390.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Military History
MacArthur's successful landing on Leyte meant that he had returned to the Philippines two years and seven months after his infamous withdrawal from Corregidor in March 1942. After setting up a ...
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MacArthur's successful landing on Leyte meant that he had returned to the Philippines two years and seven months after his infamous withdrawal from Corregidor in March 1942. After setting up a military base at Tacloban on Leyte's northeast coast, he moved around battlefields to free the entire Philippines from Japanese control. For MacArthur, retaking the Philippines was directed at securing a geographically important base for the advance on Japan. At a deeper level, however, it was also designed to wipe out the indignity of having deserted his men when he withdrew from Corregidor. The chapter discusses the advance toward Manila; the recapture of Bataan and Corregidor; the de-Japanization and democratization of the Philippines; the rise of Colonel Courtney Whitney; Japanese surrender; and arrival of a delegation from Japan on August 19, 1945, to discuss the surrender ceremony.Less
MacArthur's successful landing on Leyte meant that he had returned to the Philippines two years and seven months after his infamous withdrawal from Corregidor in March 1942. After setting up a military base at Tacloban on Leyte's northeast coast, he moved around battlefields to free the entire Philippines from Japanese control. For MacArthur, retaking the Philippines was directed at securing a geographically important base for the advance on Japan. At a deeper level, however, it was also designed to wipe out the indignity of having deserted his men when he withdrew from Corregidor. The chapter discusses the advance toward Manila; the recapture of Bataan and Corregidor; the de-Japanization and democratization of the Philippines; the rise of Colonel Courtney Whitney; Japanese surrender; and arrival of a delegation from Japan on August 19, 1945, to discuss the surrender ceremony.
Rajesh Rai
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198099291
- eISBN:
- 9780199083114
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198099291.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter accounts for the Indian experience in Singapore from July 1943 to the Japanese surrender in August 1945. It examines the impact of Subhas Chandra Bose’s leadership of the Indian ...
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This chapter accounts for the Indian experience in Singapore from July 1943 to the Japanese surrender in August 1945. It examines the impact of Subhas Chandra Bose’s leadership of the Indian Independence Movement in East Asia and the factors that explained why so many Indian civilians in Singapore joined the Movement at this juncture. Concomitantly, the chapter historicises lesser known aspects of the Indian experience, including the effect of deteriorating economic conditions; forced labour on the infamous Thai-Burma ‘Death’ Railway; and Japanese-initiated projects to resettle Indians in neighbouring Riau. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the Indian experience during the Occupation, and the longer term implications of the episode on the socio-political development of the diaspora in the port city.Less
This chapter accounts for the Indian experience in Singapore from July 1943 to the Japanese surrender in August 1945. It examines the impact of Subhas Chandra Bose’s leadership of the Indian Independence Movement in East Asia and the factors that explained why so many Indian civilians in Singapore joined the Movement at this juncture. Concomitantly, the chapter historicises lesser known aspects of the Indian experience, including the effect of deteriorating economic conditions; forced labour on the infamous Thai-Burma ‘Death’ Railway; and Japanese-initiated projects to resettle Indians in neighbouring Riau. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the Indian experience during the Occupation, and the longer term implications of the episode on the socio-political development of the diaspora in the port city.
Walter M. Hudson
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780813160979
- eISBN:
- 9780813165448
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813160979.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Chapter 7 focuses on the challenges during the Korean occupation. The US occupation of Korea clearly demonstrated the limitations of the army’s occupation methods when confronted with a situation and ...
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Chapter 7 focuses on the challenges during the Korean occupation. The US occupation of Korea clearly demonstrated the limitations of the army’s occupation methods when confronted with a situation and environment both more complex and more alien than what the army experienced in Germany and Austria. Events during the Korean occupation also revealed the disconnection between long-term political goals that the American government presumably espoused and the military instrument meant to foster those goals. The army administered military government in accordance with its own doctrinal principles and organization. This was evident in the planning for military government, which focused nearly exclusively on Japan and little on Korea, and in the division of Korea into two zones of occupation along the thirty-eighth parallel, a militarized decision that had little overarching political rationale. The occupation was complicated by the lack of specific training provided to the military government units that performed the occupation and by the lack of political experience and skill demonstrated by the US military proconsul, Gen. John Hodge.Less
Chapter 7 focuses on the challenges during the Korean occupation. The US occupation of Korea clearly demonstrated the limitations of the army’s occupation methods when confronted with a situation and environment both more complex and more alien than what the army experienced in Germany and Austria. Events during the Korean occupation also revealed the disconnection between long-term political goals that the American government presumably espoused and the military instrument meant to foster those goals. The army administered military government in accordance with its own doctrinal principles and organization. This was evident in the planning for military government, which focused nearly exclusively on Japan and little on Korea, and in the division of Korea into two zones of occupation along the thirty-eighth parallel, a militarized decision that had little overarching political rationale. The occupation was complicated by the lack of specific training provided to the military government units that performed the occupation and by the lack of political experience and skill demonstrated by the US military proconsul, Gen. John Hodge.
Peter Kornicki
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197602805
- eISBN:
- 9780197610916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197602805.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Military History
The Allies were making plans to invade the Japanese main islands in late 1945 and spring 1946 when the Japanese government, following the dropping of the atomic bombs and the Soviet Union’s ...
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The Allies were making plans to invade the Japanese main islands in late 1945 and spring 1946 when the Japanese government, following the dropping of the atomic bombs and the Soviet Union’s declaration of war on Japan, decided to bring the war to an end and the Emperor broadcast the decision on the radio on 15 August. On 27 August a fleet of Allied ships entered Tokyo Bay and the surrender ceremony took place on 2 September on board the battleship USS Missouri. On board the British battleship HMS King George V was a British naval officer who had learnt Japanese at the US Navy Japanese Language School: he acted as interpreter when a Japanese pilot came on board to guide the ship to its anchorage. Other surrender ceremonies took place in Hong Kong, Singapore and other places which had been captured by Japanese forces: on each occasion Allied linguists were present to act as interpreters.Less
The Allies were making plans to invade the Japanese main islands in late 1945 and spring 1946 when the Japanese government, following the dropping of the atomic bombs and the Soviet Union’s declaration of war on Japan, decided to bring the war to an end and the Emperor broadcast the decision on the radio on 15 August. On 27 August a fleet of Allied ships entered Tokyo Bay and the surrender ceremony took place on 2 September on board the battleship USS Missouri. On board the British battleship HMS King George V was a British naval officer who had learnt Japanese at the US Navy Japanese Language School: he acted as interpreter when a Japanese pilot came on board to guide the ship to its anchorage. Other surrender ceremonies took place in Hong Kong, Singapore and other places which had been captured by Japanese forces: on each occasion Allied linguists were present to act as interpreters.
James R. Brandon
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832001
- eISBN:
- 9780824869137
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832001.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
According to a myth constructed after Japan's surrender to the Allied Forces in 1945, kabuki was a pure, classical art form with no real place in modern Japanese society. This book calls this view ...
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According to a myth constructed after Japan's surrender to the Allied Forces in 1945, kabuki was a pure, classical art form with no real place in modern Japanese society. This book calls this view into question and makes a compelling case that, up to the very end of the Pacific War, kabuki was a living theater and, as an institution, an active participant in contemporary events, rising and falling in consonance with Japan's imperial adventures. The book shows that kabuki played an important role in Japan's Fifteen-Year Sacred War. It reveals, for example, that kabuki stars raised funds to buy fighter and bomber aircraft for the imperial forces and that producers arranged large-scale tours for kabuki troupes to entertain soldiers stationed in Manchuria, China, and Korea. Kabuki playwrights contributed no less than 160 new plays that dramatized frontline battles or rewrote history to propagate imperial ideology. Abridged by censors, molded by the Bureau of Information, and partially incorporated into the League of Touring Theaters, kabuki reached new audiences as it expanded along with the new Japanese empire. By the end of the war, however, it had fallen from government favor and in 1944–1946 it nearly expired when Japanese government decrees banished leading kabuki companies to minor urban theaters and the countryside. The book includes more than a hundred illustrations, many of which have never been published in an English-language work. It is a complete revision of kabuki's recent history and as such goes beyond correcting a significant misconception.Less
According to a myth constructed after Japan's surrender to the Allied Forces in 1945, kabuki was a pure, classical art form with no real place in modern Japanese society. This book calls this view into question and makes a compelling case that, up to the very end of the Pacific War, kabuki was a living theater and, as an institution, an active participant in contemporary events, rising and falling in consonance with Japan's imperial adventures. The book shows that kabuki played an important role in Japan's Fifteen-Year Sacred War. It reveals, for example, that kabuki stars raised funds to buy fighter and bomber aircraft for the imperial forces and that producers arranged large-scale tours for kabuki troupes to entertain soldiers stationed in Manchuria, China, and Korea. Kabuki playwrights contributed no less than 160 new plays that dramatized frontline battles or rewrote history to propagate imperial ideology. Abridged by censors, molded by the Bureau of Information, and partially incorporated into the League of Touring Theaters, kabuki reached new audiences as it expanded along with the new Japanese empire. By the end of the war, however, it had fallen from government favor and in 1944–1946 it nearly expired when Japanese government decrees banished leading kabuki companies to minor urban theaters and the countryside. The book includes more than a hundred illustrations, many of which have never been published in an English-language work. It is a complete revision of kabuki's recent history and as such goes beyond correcting a significant misconception.
John Pownall Reeves
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888208326
- eISBN:
- 9789888268610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208326.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
On August 15, BBC. announced the news of the Japanese surrender. Although the citizens of Macao felt triumphant, they obeyed the orders of the government to restrain on public celebrations until the ...
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On August 15, BBC. announced the news of the Japanese surrender. Although the citizens of Macao felt triumphant, they obeyed the orders of the government to restrain on public celebrations until the ban was lifted. Macao’s isolation was officially over with the arrival of the first British ship. The newspapers had high praises for what Reeves had done in providing relief to refugees of Allied nations. Macao sent food and money to Hong Kong. The Japanese handed their Consulate as well as their property over and the memoir ends with Reeves leaving Macao.Less
On August 15, BBC. announced the news of the Japanese surrender. Although the citizens of Macao felt triumphant, they obeyed the orders of the government to restrain on public celebrations until the ban was lifted. Macao’s isolation was officially over with the arrival of the first British ship. The newspapers had high praises for what Reeves had done in providing relief to refugees of Allied nations. Macao sent food and money to Hong Kong. The Japanese handed their Consulate as well as their property over and the memoir ends with Reeves leaving Macao.
Steven Casey
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- March 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190053635
- eISBN:
- 9780190053666
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190053635.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, Military History
The Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay in September 1945 exemplified so much about the Pacific War and how it had been reported, from the large number of reporters who were finally in the theater to ...
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The Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay in September 1945 exemplified so much about the Pacific War and how it had been reported, from the large number of reporters who were finally in the theater to MacArthur’s effort to dominate the show. For once, the army and navy stood side by side without too much tension, but during the war competition between them had often shaped how the home front had received news from the battlefield. Tension had emerged between the services and the reporters as well, while veteran reporters had often evinced a deep disdain for those they considered dilettante interlopers. Conflict was therefore a hallmark of media-military relations during the Pacific War, but in the final analysis the media invariably acted as an important unifying voice, creating a shared narrative about the war that was rarely questioned by partisan politicians.Less
The Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay in September 1945 exemplified so much about the Pacific War and how it had been reported, from the large number of reporters who were finally in the theater to MacArthur’s effort to dominate the show. For once, the army and navy stood side by side without too much tension, but during the war competition between them had often shaped how the home front had received news from the battlefield. Tension had emerged between the services and the reporters as well, while veteran reporters had often evinced a deep disdain for those they considered dilettante interlopers. Conflict was therefore a hallmark of media-military relations during the Pacific War, but in the final analysis the media invariably acted as an important unifying voice, creating a shared narrative about the war that was rarely questioned by partisan politicians.