Masahiko Aoki
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199218530
- eISBN:
- 9780191711510
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199218530.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability, Strategy
This chapter first depicts an increasing diversity of Japanese corporations in which a non-traditional mode, characterized by market monitoring of relational employment, becomes emergent side-by-side ...
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This chapter first depicts an increasing diversity of Japanese corporations in which a non-traditional mode, characterized by market monitoring of relational employment, becomes emergent side-by-side with other modes as complements. This mode is interpreted as indicating the increasing essentiality of workers' cognitive assets in corporate cognitive systems, and it is argued that similar phenomena are evolving in other developed economies as well, modifying traditional national models. The chapter discusses the economic merits, social consequences, and political agendas associated with this emergent diversity in the global corporate landscape. Particularly it calls for the re-definition of the role of financial intermediaries and markets as infrastructures complementary to diverse corporate organizations as opposed to being their omnipotent principals.Less
This chapter first depicts an increasing diversity of Japanese corporations in which a non-traditional mode, characterized by market monitoring of relational employment, becomes emergent side-by-side with other modes as complements. This mode is interpreted as indicating the increasing essentiality of workers' cognitive assets in corporate cognitive systems, and it is argued that similar phenomena are evolving in other developed economies as well, modifying traditional national models. The chapter discusses the economic merits, social consequences, and political agendas associated with this emergent diversity in the global corporate landscape. Particularly it calls for the re-definition of the role of financial intermediaries and markets as infrastructures complementary to diverse corporate organizations as opposed to being their omnipotent principals.
W. Mark Fruin
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198288985
- eISBN:
- 9780191596285
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198288980.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines the institutional environment of late nineteenth and early twentieth‐century Japan, highlighting the role of government and emerging private firms in shaping the business and ...
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This chapter examines the institutional environment of late nineteenth and early twentieth‐century Japan, highlighting the role of government and emerging private firms in shaping the business and economic environment of early modern Japan. It argues that the government tried to foster cooperation among Japan's nascent firms while the firms themselves more often adopted a competitive stance. The different sections of the chapter discuss the distinctiveness of the early Japanese enterprise system, the institutional context of the corporation, the emergence of the modern enterprise system, the evolution of business traditions, comparative perspectives on organizational forms and attributes, the modern corporate system, and the role of entrepreneurs and new methods and motivation within this.Less
This chapter examines the institutional environment of late nineteenth and early twentieth‐century Japan, highlighting the role of government and emerging private firms in shaping the business and economic environment of early modern Japan. It argues that the government tried to foster cooperation among Japan's nascent firms while the firms themselves more often adopted a competitive stance. The different sections of the chapter discuss the distinctiveness of the early Japanese enterprise system, the institutional context of the corporation, the emergence of the modern enterprise system, the evolution of business traditions, comparative perspectives on organizational forms and attributes, the modern corporate system, and the role of entrepreneurs and new methods and motivation within this.
W. Mark Fruin
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198288985
- eISBN:
- 9780191596285
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198288980.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
The introduction discusses the rapid development of Japan's economy in the twentieth century and introduces firm‐level structural and strategic complements to it. Late development and an emphasis on ...
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The introduction discusses the rapid development of Japan's economy in the twentieth century and introduces firm‐level structural and strategic complements to it. Late development and an emphasis on technology acquisition, it is argued, result in competitive strategies and cooperative structures uniting factory, firm, and the interfirm network. The different sections look at the context of the Japanese enterprise system, compare it with other systems worldwide, analyse the important role of the highly successful corporation in modern Japan, and discuss the implications of the Japanese corporation for traditional firm theory and as a global business model.Less
The introduction discusses the rapid development of Japan's economy in the twentieth century and introduces firm‐level structural and strategic complements to it. Late development and an emphasis on technology acquisition, it is argued, result in competitive strategies and cooperative structures uniting factory, firm, and the interfirm network. The different sections look at the context of the Japanese enterprise system, compare it with other systems worldwide, analyse the important role of the highly successful corporation in modern Japan, and discuss the implications of the Japanese corporation for traditional firm theory and as a global business model.
W. Mark Fruin
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198288985
- eISBN:
- 9780191596285
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198288980.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter looks at the evolving enterprise system from the 1950s to the 1980s. It argues that the inter‐organizational model of focal factories, unitary firms, and interfirm networks remained the ...
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This chapter looks at the evolving enterprise system from the 1950s to the 1980s. It argues that the inter‐organizational model of focal factories, unitary firms, and interfirm networks remained the dominant industrial organization model in spite of significant changes in industrial relations, ownership, government policies, and sources of technology. The different sections of the chapter look at large modern corporations from 1954 to 1987, social transformation and shop‐floor reformation, the adaptive as opposed to the innovative enterprise, structural change, and the post‐war strategy of Matsushita and Hitachi, organizational interdependence (enterprise groups) in post‐war Japan (the six main types of interfirm groupings, and new enterprise groups), the utility of interfirm networks, and the modern corporation and enterprise system.Less
This chapter looks at the evolving enterprise system from the 1950s to the 1980s. It argues that the inter‐organizational model of focal factories, unitary firms, and interfirm networks remained the dominant industrial organization model in spite of significant changes in industrial relations, ownership, government policies, and sources of technology. The different sections of the chapter look at large modern corporations from 1954 to 1987, social transformation and shop‐floor reformation, the adaptive as opposed to the innovative enterprise, structural change, and the post‐war strategy of Matsushita and Hitachi, organizational interdependence (enterprise groups) in post‐war Japan (the six main types of interfirm groupings, and new enterprise groups), the utility of interfirm networks, and the modern corporation and enterprise system.
W. Mark Fruin
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198288985
- eISBN:
- 9780191596285
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198288980.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter focuses on the inter‐war years in Japan and argues that the focal factories, unitary, specialized firms, and interfirm networks that fully define the Japanese enterprise system appeared ...
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This chapter focuses on the inter‐war years in Japan and argues that the focal factories, unitary, specialized firms, and interfirm networks that fully define the Japanese enterprise system appeared at this time. As a result, when Japan recovered economically after the Pacific War, the business organizations of the post‐war era not surprisingly mirrored those of the pre‐war period. The different sections of the chapter look at large modern corporations from 1918 to 1954 (their size and organizational complexity, evolving structures, and strategies), present a typology of inter‐war enterprises (using the same three categories as ch. 4 – zaibatsu, independent urban, independent rural firms), and look towards the emergence of large, modern enterprises.Less
This chapter focuses on the inter‐war years in Japan and argues that the focal factories, unitary, specialized firms, and interfirm networks that fully define the Japanese enterprise system appeared at this time. As a result, when Japan recovered economically after the Pacific War, the business organizations of the post‐war era not surprisingly mirrored those of the pre‐war period. The different sections of the chapter look at large modern corporations from 1918 to 1954 (their size and organizational complexity, evolving structures, and strategies), present a typology of inter‐war enterprises (using the same three categories as ch. 4 – zaibatsu, independent urban, independent rural firms), and look towards the emergence of large, modern enterprises.
Yukiko Koga
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226411941
- eISBN:
- 9780226412276
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226412276.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
“The Political Economy of Redemption: Middle-Class Dreams in the Dalian Special Economic Zone” looks into political economy of redemption, mode of generational transmission where moral economy of ...
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“The Political Economy of Redemption: Middle-Class Dreams in the Dalian Special Economic Zone” looks into political economy of redemption, mode of generational transmission where moral economy of seeking redemption for unaccounted-for pasts is inexorably linked to formal economy of exports, consumption, and citywide pursuit of middle class dreams. Against backdrop of national mythology premised on anti-Japanese struggles, municipal government literally invited Japanese back in and turned the city into non-stop performance to lure Japanese capital, businessmen, and tourists to factories, office blocks, and beautifully restored colonial architecture. Significantly increased face-to-face interactions between Chinese and Japanese changed colonial inheritance into productive forces within rhythm of everyday. Analyses of “modern life”, especially in special economic zone, reveals how everyday pursuit of middle-class modern life, from factory floors to karaoke clubs, has become primary sites for incorporating and coming to terms with city’s colonial history. At sites of encounters between Chinese and Japanese, supposedly rational formal economy has become constant reminder of underlying moral economy and accompanying unpaid debts, propelling desires from both sides to reckon with what remains unaccounted for through day-to-day economic activities. Dalian’s new economy channels desires to redeem the past into new forms of production, consumption, and accumulation.Less
“The Political Economy of Redemption: Middle-Class Dreams in the Dalian Special Economic Zone” looks into political economy of redemption, mode of generational transmission where moral economy of seeking redemption for unaccounted-for pasts is inexorably linked to formal economy of exports, consumption, and citywide pursuit of middle class dreams. Against backdrop of national mythology premised on anti-Japanese struggles, municipal government literally invited Japanese back in and turned the city into non-stop performance to lure Japanese capital, businessmen, and tourists to factories, office blocks, and beautifully restored colonial architecture. Significantly increased face-to-face interactions between Chinese and Japanese changed colonial inheritance into productive forces within rhythm of everyday. Analyses of “modern life”, especially in special economic zone, reveals how everyday pursuit of middle-class modern life, from factory floors to karaoke clubs, has become primary sites for incorporating and coming to terms with city’s colonial history. At sites of encounters between Chinese and Japanese, supposedly rational formal economy has become constant reminder of underlying moral economy and accompanying unpaid debts, propelling desires from both sides to reckon with what remains unaccounted for through day-to-day economic activities. Dalian’s new economy channels desires to redeem the past into new forms of production, consumption, and accumulation.
Michael L. Gerlach
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520208896
- eISBN:
- 9780520919105
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520208896.003.0003
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter discusses enterprise groups of Japanese industrial organization. It outlines the general patterns of relationships common to business networks in market economies and investigates how ...
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This chapter discusses enterprise groups of Japanese industrial organization. It outlines the general patterns of relationships common to business networks in market economies and investigates how these are reflected in specific alliance patterns. The analyses reveal show that ownership structures of Japanese corporations are far more likely than in the U.S.A. to be organized as table relationships which endure over decades, to be reciprocated among mutually positioned companies.Less
This chapter discusses enterprise groups of Japanese industrial organization. It outlines the general patterns of relationships common to business networks in market economies and investigates how these are reflected in specific alliance patterns. The analyses reveal show that ownership structures of Japanese corporations are far more likely than in the U.S.A. to be organized as table relationships which endure over decades, to be reciprocated among mutually positioned companies.
Albert Ando, Dimitrios Christelis, and Tsutomu Miyagawa
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226060217
- eISBN:
- 9780226060231
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226060231.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines the question of whether Japanese corporations have overinvested, and hence are suffering from a glut of excess capacity. It shows that inconsistencies in valuations derived from ...
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This chapter examines the question of whether Japanese corporations have overinvested, and hence are suffering from a glut of excess capacity. It shows that inconsistencies in valuations derived from different parts of the National Accounts can only be explained if, in fact, the corporate sector has built up a capital stock that is far larger than warranted by the profit-maximization motive. As a result, the rate of return on capital is extremely low. It is argued that efficient resource allocation will not occur until this pattern is broken by forcing the corporate sector to pay out more profits via dividends to the household sector. However, this is unlikely to occur any time soon.Less
This chapter examines the question of whether Japanese corporations have overinvested, and hence are suffering from a glut of excess capacity. It shows that inconsistencies in valuations derived from different parts of the National Accounts can only be explained if, in fact, the corporate sector has built up a capital stock that is far larger than warranted by the profit-maximization motive. As a result, the rate of return on capital is extremely low. It is argued that efficient resource allocation will not occur until this pattern is broken by forcing the corporate sector to pay out more profits via dividends to the household sector. However, this is unlikely to occur any time soon.
