Bob Harris
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199246939
- eISBN:
- 9780191714566
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199246939.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter discusses politics and other developments in Scotland after the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745. First, the impact of the rebellion in Scotland and the ways in which different sections of ...
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This chapter discusses politics and other developments in Scotland after the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745. First, the impact of the rebellion in Scotland and the ways in which different sections of Scottish society responded to the Jacobite threat are examined. Scotland's loyalists, long overlooked by historians, are identified and placed alongside the Jacobites and the apathetic or frightened who comprised the Scottish political nation in 1745. The chapter then goes on to examine the consequences of the rebellion and in particular the sustained and broad-based campaign to subdue and transform the Jacobite clans of the Highlands. This campaign served to focus debates about the nature of Scottish society in general as well the position of the Highlands within Scotland and Britain. Commerce and commercial progress were identified even more strongly with loyalty to the Hanoverian Succession.Less
This chapter discusses politics and other developments in Scotland after the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745. First, the impact of the rebellion in Scotland and the ways in which different sections of Scottish society responded to the Jacobite threat are examined. Scotland's loyalists, long overlooked by historians, are identified and placed alongside the Jacobites and the apathetic or frightened who comprised the Scottish political nation in 1745. The chapter then goes on to examine the consequences of the rebellion and in particular the sustained and broad-based campaign to subdue and transform the Jacobite clans of the Highlands. This campaign served to focus debates about the nature of Scottish society in general as well the position of the Highlands within Scotland and Britain. Commerce and commercial progress were identified even more strongly with loyalty to the Hanoverian Succession.
Colin G. Calloway
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195340129
- eISBN:
- 9780199867202
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340129.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Warfare dominates much of Scottish and Native American history. The British and the Americans considered tribal peoples to be “natural warriors,” and employed them and treated them as such. This ...
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Warfare dominates much of Scottish and Native American history. The British and the Americans considered tribal peoples to be “natural warriors,” and employed them and treated them as such. This chapter examines the experiences of Highland Scots and American Indians in fighting colonial powers and fighting alongside and against each other, especially in the Seven Years' War and the American Revolution. It shows how Britain, having defeated the Jacobites and tried to dismantle the militarism of Highland society, then encouraged and harnessed that militarism in the service of the Empire. The United States later followed similar policies in recruiting and employing Indian allies.Less
Warfare dominates much of Scottish and Native American history. The British and the Americans considered tribal peoples to be “natural warriors,” and employed them and treated them as such. This chapter examines the experiences of Highland Scots and American Indians in fighting colonial powers and fighting alongside and against each other, especially in the Seven Years' War and the American Revolution. It shows how Britain, having defeated the Jacobites and tried to dismantle the militarism of Highland society, then encouraged and harnessed that militarism in the service of the Empire. The United States later followed similar policies in recruiting and employing Indian allies.
Murray Pittock
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748627561
- eISBN:
- 9780748653461
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748627561.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
The first edition of this book argued that British history had long caricatured Jacobitism rather than understanding it, and that the Jacobite Risings in fact enjoyed extensive Lowland support and ...
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The first edition of this book argued that British history had long caricatured Jacobitism rather than understanding it, and that the Jacobite Risings in fact enjoyed extensive Lowland support and had a national quality within Scotland. Though the author's argument has been widely accepted, it is still ignored in the media and in heritage representations which hope to depoliticise the Rising of 1745. Now rewritten with extensive new primary research, this expanded second edition addresses the questions of the first in more detail, examining the systematic misrepresentation of Jacobitism, the impressive size of the Jacobite armies, their training and organisation, and the Jacobite goal of dissolving the Union. It fleshes out the lives of the ordinary Scots who formed the core of Jacobite support in the ill-fated Rising of 1745. Now, more than ever, this book is essential to putting an end to two hundred years of misinformation and pointless romanticisation.Less
The first edition of this book argued that British history had long caricatured Jacobitism rather than understanding it, and that the Jacobite Risings in fact enjoyed extensive Lowland support and had a national quality within Scotland. Though the author's argument has been widely accepted, it is still ignored in the media and in heritage representations which hope to depoliticise the Rising of 1745. Now rewritten with extensive new primary research, this expanded second edition addresses the questions of the first in more detail, examining the systematic misrepresentation of Jacobitism, the impressive size of the Jacobite armies, their training and organisation, and the Jacobite goal of dissolving the Union. It fleshes out the lives of the ordinary Scots who formed the core of Jacobite support in the ill-fated Rising of 1745. Now, more than ever, this book is essential to putting an end to two hundred years of misinformation and pointless romanticisation.
Darren S. Layne
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781474483056
- eISBN:
- 9781399502153
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474483056.003.0013
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter examines empirical evidence of martial and logistical assistance implemented by a select quantity of ministers involved in the Forty-five, and whether their practical commitment was ...
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This chapter examines empirical evidence of martial and logistical assistance implemented by a select quantity of ministers involved in the Forty-five, and whether their practical commitment was indeed as energetic as their ideological enthusiasm. It assesses just how demonstrably impactful were the zealous ministers who spoke in favour of Jacobite aims immediately within the rising itself. It argues that Jacobite clergy in the Forty-five were collectively a moderate, if not overtly effective, grounding element that helped to convey the ideologies of pro-Stuart schemes. They also aided intermittently the martial effort in the field supplemented logistical aims in the localities. Due to the cross-denominational nature of their constituency and the fact that both Roman Catholic and non-juring Episcopal congregations were essentially illegal in the government’s eyes, Jacobite commanders were never able to employ the systemic communication and cohesive mission-plan wielded by Church of Scotland ministers in combating pockets of rebellion on the other side of the conflict.Less
This chapter examines empirical evidence of martial and logistical assistance implemented by a select quantity of ministers involved in the Forty-five, and whether their practical commitment was indeed as energetic as their ideological enthusiasm. It assesses just how demonstrably impactful were the zealous ministers who spoke in favour of Jacobite aims immediately within the rising itself. It argues that Jacobite clergy in the Forty-five were collectively a moderate, if not overtly effective, grounding element that helped to convey the ideologies of pro-Stuart schemes. They also aided intermittently the martial effort in the field supplemented logistical aims in the localities. Due to the cross-denominational nature of their constituency and the fact that both Roman Catholic and non-juring Episcopal congregations were essentially illegal in the government’s eyes, Jacobite commanders were never able to employ the systemic communication and cohesive mission-plan wielded by Church of Scotland ministers in combating pockets of rebellion on the other side of the conflict.
Bob Harris
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199246939
- eISBN:
- 9780191714566
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199246939.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book reconstructs the politics and political culture of Britain in the mid-18th century in a way which helps to highlight the main issues, feelings, ideologies, and realities which gave ...
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This book reconstructs the politics and political culture of Britain in the mid-18th century in a way which helps to highlight the main issues, feelings, ideologies, and realities which gave distinctive form and shape to them. It provides a fuller, more rounded picture of political life in this period, and in so doing challenges long-standing preconceptions about it. Topics include national politics and patriotism in England and Wales, foreign affairs and Britain's war with France, national revival and Jacobitism, the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, patriotism in Ireland, trade and commerce, political stability, and the campaign for moral reform.Less
This book reconstructs the politics and political culture of Britain in the mid-18th century in a way which helps to highlight the main issues, feelings, ideologies, and realities which gave distinctive form and shape to them. It provides a fuller, more rounded picture of political life in this period, and in so doing challenges long-standing preconceptions about it. Topics include national politics and patriotism in England and Wales, foreign affairs and Britain's war with France, national revival and Jacobitism, the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, patriotism in Ireland, trade and commerce, political stability, and the campaign for moral reform.
Bob Harris
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199246939
- eISBN:
- 9780191714566
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199246939.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter explores the nature and changing conditions of national politics in mid-18th-century England and Wales. Emphasis is placed on the main forces shaping political life, especially party ...
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This chapter explores the nature and changing conditions of national politics in mid-18th-century England and Wales. Emphasis is placed on the main forces shaping political life, especially party identities, and the degree of political stability which existed. The chapter examines political life from the point of view of the politicians who dominated ministerial office — the old corps Whigs, together with Whig politicians and factions who sought office, the ‘flying squadons’ as Lord Hardwicke was to call them on one occasion. The opposition to Whig oligarchical government, which included the Jacobites, Tories, who comprised a majority of opposition MPs throughout this period, opposition Whig and independent MPs, and the press, is also discussed. The press of the later 1740s to later 1750s has been little studied, yet it continued to be an important and episodically influential base for dissent from Whig rule.Less
This chapter explores the nature and changing conditions of national politics in mid-18th-century England and Wales. Emphasis is placed on the main forces shaping political life, especially party identities, and the degree of political stability which existed. The chapter examines political life from the point of view of the politicians who dominated ministerial office — the old corps Whigs, together with Whig politicians and factions who sought office, the ‘flying squadons’ as Lord Hardwicke was to call them on one occasion. The opposition to Whig oligarchical government, which included the Jacobites, Tories, who comprised a majority of opposition MPs throughout this period, opposition Whig and independent MPs, and the press, is also discussed. The press of the later 1740s to later 1750s has been little studied, yet it continued to be an important and episodically influential base for dissent from Whig rule.
Paul Younger
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195140446
- eISBN:
- 9780199834907
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195140443.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The well‐known festival of the Jacobite Syrian Church in Mannarkat in the center of Kerala is clear evidence that festival activity was part of the religious system for all South Indians. This Syrian ...
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The well‐known festival of the Jacobite Syrian Church in Mannarkat in the center of Kerala is clear evidence that festival activity was part of the religious system for all South Indians. This Syrian Christian church is often ”twinned” by people in Mannarkat with the Hindu temple of Bhagavat a mile away, and many worshipers attend the festivals in both locations. The trading community of Syrian Christians had grown from the second century on in the towns around the port city of Koukar, but at some time, leaders in the community led a migration to central Kerala where the trade in spices from the mountains could be controlled more directly. The Mannarkat church claims to have been the first one established after the move, and it still maintains close ties with the churches in the Koukar region and includes an umbrella procession (a privilege of Christians according to an eighth century copperplate inscription) in its festival celebration. The festival today includes some trance and exorcism, but the central focus is on the moment late in the festival when a tiny window opens high up in the wall of the church and everyone suddenly sees the mysterious and wondrous form of Mary and the baby.Less
The well‐known festival of the Jacobite Syrian Church in Mannarkat in the center of Kerala is clear evidence that festival activity was part of the religious system for all South Indians. This Syrian Christian church is often ”twinned” by people in Mannarkat with the Hindu temple of Bhagavat a mile away, and many worshipers attend the festivals in both locations. The trading community of Syrian Christians had grown from the second century on in the towns around the port city of Koukar, but at some time, leaders in the community led a migration to central Kerala where the trade in spices from the mountains could be controlled more directly. The Mannarkat church claims to have been the first one established after the move, and it still maintains close ties with the churches in the Koukar region and includes an umbrella procession (a privilege of Christians according to an eighth century copperplate inscription) in its festival celebration. The festival today includes some trance and exorcism, but the central focus is on the moment late in the festival when a tiny window opens high up in the wall of the church and everyone suddenly sees the mysterious and wondrous form of Mary and the baby.
Murray Pittock
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199232796
- eISBN:
- 9780191716409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232796.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
This chapter argues that Allan Ramsay's work on creating a synthetic Scots language in his writing and in inflecting high cultural genres for use in new ways provided the basis for a distinctive ...
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This chapter argues that Allan Ramsay's work on creating a synthetic Scots language in his writing and in inflecting high cultural genres for use in new ways provided the basis for a distinctive Scottish poetry, which articulated the experience of post-Union Scotland in a manner at once accessible to a wider British market and possessed of clandestine codes which were more easily understood by his Scottish readers. It examines some of the key forms of Scottish poetry and some of Ramsay's most important work.Less
This chapter argues that Allan Ramsay's work on creating a synthetic Scots language in his writing and in inflecting high cultural genres for use in new ways provided the basis for a distinctive Scottish poetry, which articulated the experience of post-Union Scotland in a manner at once accessible to a wider British market and possessed of clandestine codes which were more easily understood by his Scottish readers. It examines some of the key forms of Scottish poetry and some of Ramsay's most important work.
J. M. Hussey
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780198264569
- eISBN:
- 9780191601170
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198264569.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
An account is given of the patriarchate of the Orthodox Church in the period 925–1025, following the death of Patriarch Nicholas I Mysticus in 925, which emphasizes the predominance of Constantinople ...
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An account is given of the patriarchate of the Orthodox Church in the period 925–1025, following the death of Patriarch Nicholas I Mysticus in 925, which emphasizes the predominance of Constantinople during the period concerned. The first section of the chapter covers cooperation and criticism during the period 925–70. The second section describes the imperial advance in the East, and covers the lack of success in converting the Muslims and the ultimately disastrous consequences of encouraging the expansion of Syrian Jacobites (monophysites) and Armenian monophysites into areas presided over by the orthodox Byzantine Greek Orthodox Church. The third section discusses the rather more successful consolidating missionary work in the Caucasian and North Pontic regions of Russia, and the conflict over Bulgaria. The last section discusses Byzantium and south Italy.Less
An account is given of the patriarchate of the Orthodox Church in the period 925–1025, following the death of Patriarch Nicholas I Mysticus in 925, which emphasizes the predominance of Constantinople during the period concerned. The first section of the chapter covers cooperation and criticism during the period 925–70. The second section describes the imperial advance in the East, and covers the lack of success in converting the Muslims and the ultimately disastrous consequences of encouraging the expansion of Syrian Jacobites (monophysites) and Armenian monophysites into areas presided over by the orthodox Byzantine Greek Orthodox Church. The third section discusses the rather more successful consolidating missionary work in the Caucasian and North Pontic regions of Russia, and the conflict over Bulgaria. The last section discusses Byzantium and south Italy.
Susan Viswanathan
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195647990
- eISBN:
- 9780199080663
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195647990.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sociology of Religion
This book explores the practice of Christianity among the Yakoba in the small region of Kerala. It uses the categories of time, space, architecture, and the body as a means of identifying the ways in ...
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This book explores the practice of Christianity among the Yakoba in the small region of Kerala. It uses the categories of time, space, architecture, and the body as a means of identifying the ways in which Hindu, Christian, and Syrian strands have been woven together to form a rich cultural tapestry in the region. The Yakoba, on which this study is based, are divided into two distinct groups—the Orthodox Syrians and the Jacobite Syrians. The author relates their on-going quarrel over ecclesiastical jurisdiction and the ways in which this quarrel affects Syrian Christian life and experience as a whole. She argues that people’s interpretations of Christianity are a very powerful mode of cultural expression and societal flexibility.Less
This book explores the practice of Christianity among the Yakoba in the small region of Kerala. It uses the categories of time, space, architecture, and the body as a means of identifying the ways in which Hindu, Christian, and Syrian strands have been woven together to form a rich cultural tapestry in the region. The Yakoba, on which this study is based, are divided into two distinct groups—the Orthodox Syrians and the Jacobite Syrians. The author relates their on-going quarrel over ecclesiastical jurisdiction and the ways in which this quarrel affects Syrian Christian life and experience as a whole. She argues that people’s interpretations of Christianity are a very powerful mode of cultural expression and societal flexibility.
Roger B. Manning
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261499
- eISBN:
- 9780191718625
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261499.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Because of widespread disaffection among officers of the English army and navy and the political elite, the Williamite invasion of England was relatively bloodless. The political allegiances of James ...
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Because of widespread disaffection among officers of the English army and navy and the political elite, the Williamite invasion of England was relatively bloodless. The political allegiances of James VII and II’s Scottish and Irish kingdoms was more divided, and those realms had to be conquered by military force. The conquest of Ireland was especially protracted and bloody. Scotland was conquered more easily, and eventually provided a seemingly endless supply of manpower for the Dutch and British armies during the following century. The Irish Jacobite army, because it comprised mostly Catholics, passed into French service with very few exceptions.Less
Because of widespread disaffection among officers of the English army and navy and the political elite, the Williamite invasion of England was relatively bloodless. The political allegiances of James VII and II’s Scottish and Irish kingdoms was more divided, and those realms had to be conquered by military force. The conquest of Ireland was especially protracted and bloody. Scotland was conquered more easily, and eventually provided a seemingly endless supply of manpower for the Dutch and British armies during the following century. The Irish Jacobite army, because it comprised mostly Catholics, passed into French service with very few exceptions.
Deborah W. Rooke
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199279289
- eISBN:
- 9780191738050
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279289.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The libretto for Judas Macchabaeus was written by Thomas Morell in the aftermath of the 1745 Jacobite rebellion. The subject‐matter is taken from the Apocrypha, and in some places the libretto quotes ...
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The libretto for Judas Macchabaeus was written by Thomas Morell in the aftermath of the 1745 Jacobite rebellion. The subject‐matter is taken from the Apocrypha, and in some places the libretto quotes the biblical text verbatim. However, in other places it deviates significantly from its source text, and these deviations can be shown to have a theological rationale. In Part I of the libretto, Morell rewrites the biblical source in order to present the military campaign as morally justified and divinely inspired, and as being conducted in accordance with what he understood as the principles of righteous warfare. Parts II and III are in some ways closer to the biblical source text, but they too show manipulation of the events in the narrative to convey strong messages of divine approval for British Protestantism. All of this serves to justify the anti‐Jacobite campaign and to validate the reigning Hanoverian monarchy.Less
The libretto for Judas Macchabaeus was written by Thomas Morell in the aftermath of the 1745 Jacobite rebellion. The subject‐matter is taken from the Apocrypha, and in some places the libretto quotes the biblical text verbatim. However, in other places it deviates significantly from its source text, and these deviations can be shown to have a theological rationale. In Part I of the libretto, Morell rewrites the biblical source in order to present the military campaign as morally justified and divinely inspired, and as being conducted in accordance with what he understood as the principles of righteous warfare. Parts II and III are in some ways closer to the biblical source text, but they too show manipulation of the events in the narrative to convey strong messages of divine approval for British Protestantism. All of this serves to justify the anti‐Jacobite campaign and to validate the reigning Hanoverian monarchy.
Philip Wood
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780691212791
- eISBN:
- 9780691219950
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691212791.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This book examines how Christian leaders adopted and adapted the political practices and ideas of their Muslim rulers between 750 and 850 in the Abbasid caliphate in the Jazira (modern eastern Turkey ...
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This book examines how Christian leaders adopted and adapted the political practices and ideas of their Muslim rulers between 750 and 850 in the Abbasid caliphate in the Jazira (modern eastern Turkey and northern Syria). Focusing on the writings of Dionysius of Tel-Mahre, the patriarch of the Jacobite church, the book describes how this encounter produced an Islamicate Christianity that differed from the Christianities of Byzantium and western Europe in far more than just theology. In doing so, the book opens a new window on the world of early Islam and Muslims' interactions with other religious communities. The book shows how Dionysius and other Christian clerics, by forging close ties with Muslim elites, were able to command greater power over their coreligionists, such as the right to issue canons regulating the lives of lay people, gather tithes, and use state troops to arrest opponents. In his writings, Dionysius advertises his ease in the courts of ʿAbd Allah ibn Tahir in Raqqa and the caliph al-Ma'mun in Baghdad, presenting himself as an effective advocate for the interests of his fellow Christians because of his knowledge of Arabic and his ability to redeploy Islamic ideas to his own advantage. Strikingly, Dionysius even claims that, like al-Ma'mun, he is an imam since he leads his people in prayer and rules them by popular consent. A wide-ranging examination of Middle Eastern Christian life during a critical period in the development of Islam, the book is also a case study of the surprising workings of cultural and religious adaptation.Less
This book examines how Christian leaders adopted and adapted the political practices and ideas of their Muslim rulers between 750 and 850 in the Abbasid caliphate in the Jazira (modern eastern Turkey and northern Syria). Focusing on the writings of Dionysius of Tel-Mahre, the patriarch of the Jacobite church, the book describes how this encounter produced an Islamicate Christianity that differed from the Christianities of Byzantium and western Europe in far more than just theology. In doing so, the book opens a new window on the world of early Islam and Muslims' interactions with other religious communities. The book shows how Dionysius and other Christian clerics, by forging close ties with Muslim elites, were able to command greater power over their coreligionists, such as the right to issue canons regulating the lives of lay people, gather tithes, and use state troops to arrest opponents. In his writings, Dionysius advertises his ease in the courts of ʿAbd Allah ibn Tahir in Raqqa and the caliph al-Ma'mun in Baghdad, presenting himself as an effective advocate for the interests of his fellow Christians because of his knowledge of Arabic and his ability to redeploy Islamic ideas to his own advantage. Strikingly, Dionysius even claims that, like al-Ma'mun, he is an imam since he leads his people in prayer and rules them by popular consent. A wide-ranging examination of Middle Eastern Christian life during a critical period in the development of Islam, the book is also a case study of the surprising workings of cultural and religious adaptation.
Pat Rogers
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198182597
- eISBN:
- 9780191673832
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198182597.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
This book describes Johnson and Boswell's journey to the Hebrides and Western Islands of Scotland in 1773. The theme of this book could also be defined in terms of Johnson and Boswell's place within ...
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This book describes Johnson and Boswell's journey to the Hebrides and Western Islands of Scotland in 1773. The theme of this book could also be defined in terms of Johnson and Boswell's place within the wider world — that is, their relationship to some external developments during their lifetime. These include the transformation of Scottish culture in the years after the second Jacobite rising and the enduring legacy of Jacobitism; the rapid unfolding of the Scottish Enlightenment; the opening-up of the world by means of overseas exploration and tourism beyond the traditional aristocratic grand tour; the quest for new locations; and the cult of the primitive. There was also the rise of a virulent anti-Scottish feeling around the time of the North Briton. All of these matters surface, in one way or another, in the text of the two Hebridean narratives, and each enters the argument of this book.Less
This book describes Johnson and Boswell's journey to the Hebrides and Western Islands of Scotland in 1773. The theme of this book could also be defined in terms of Johnson and Boswell's place within the wider world — that is, their relationship to some external developments during their lifetime. These include the transformation of Scottish culture in the years after the second Jacobite rising and the enduring legacy of Jacobitism; the rapid unfolding of the Scottish Enlightenment; the opening-up of the world by means of overseas exploration and tourism beyond the traditional aristocratic grand tour; the quest for new locations; and the cult of the primitive. There was also the rise of a virulent anti-Scottish feeling around the time of the North Briton. All of these matters surface, in one way or another, in the text of the two Hebridean narratives, and each enters the argument of this book.
Howard Erskine-Hill
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198121770
- eISBN:
- 9780191671296
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198121770.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
The Vanity of Human Wishes is a highly political poem showing a deep concern with the processes of history. It explores two ways in which a state might suddenly change or be ...
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The Vanity of Human Wishes is a highly political poem showing a deep concern with the processes of history. It explores two ways in which a state might suddenly change or be changed: the fall of a Favourite or a revolution brought about by military invasion. Johnson employs the literary mode of oblique allusion, practised by Dryden and Pope, to reflect on the British experience of the 1740s. The Vanity of Human Wishes is not a poem of generality in the sense that it excluded recent historical events, but is comprehensive in assimilating them to famous examples of the past. The long view thus constructed displays not least the vanity of human wishes as the tragedy of political hope. It is a vision of the world from which one may turn either to Stoic or Christian doctrine to find a faith with which to live. Johnson's text turns to the Christian religion, though he has at least in common with Juvenal the rejection of chance and the advocacy of virtue.Less
The Vanity of Human Wishes is a highly political poem showing a deep concern with the processes of history. It explores two ways in which a state might suddenly change or be changed: the fall of a Favourite or a revolution brought about by military invasion. Johnson employs the literary mode of oblique allusion, practised by Dryden and Pope, to reflect on the British experience of the 1740s. The Vanity of Human Wishes is not a poem of generality in the sense that it excluded recent historical events, but is comprehensive in assimilating them to famous examples of the past. The long view thus constructed displays not least the vanity of human wishes as the tragedy of political hope. It is a vision of the world from which one may turn either to Stoic or Christian doctrine to find a faith with which to live. Johnson's text turns to the Christian religion, though he has at least in common with Juvenal the rejection of chance and the advocacy of virtue.
Isobel Grundy
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198187653
- eISBN:
- 9780191674730
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198187653.003.0031
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
The most exciting arrivals in spring 1758 were unexpected: Sir James Steuart and his wife. This, though spelled differently, was the Butes’ surname: it made Lady Mary ‘fly’ to call on them. She ...
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The most exciting arrivals in spring 1758 were unexpected: Sir James Steuart and his wife. This, though spelled differently, was the Butes’ surname: it made Lady Mary ‘fly’ to call on them. She addressed her call, as social protocol prescribed, to Lady Frances Steuart. It was friendship at first sight. In Sir James, Lady Mary found a man of learning and wide European culture, who was writing an important study in political economy. Lady Frances was ‘more Aimable than the fairest of her Sex’. The problem, however, was that the Steuarts were Jacobites. Sir James was now, like Lord Mar before him, an exile, excluded by name from the 1747 Act of Indemnity.Less
The most exciting arrivals in spring 1758 were unexpected: Sir James Steuart and his wife. This, though spelled differently, was the Butes’ surname: it made Lady Mary ‘fly’ to call on them. She addressed her call, as social protocol prescribed, to Lady Frances Steuart. It was friendship at first sight. In Sir James, Lady Mary found a man of learning and wide European culture, who was writing an important study in political economy. Lady Frances was ‘more Aimable than the fairest of her Sex’. The problem, however, was that the Steuarts were Jacobites. Sir James was now, like Lord Mar before him, an exile, excluded by name from the 1747 Act of Indemnity.
Paul Baines and Pat Rogers
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199278985
- eISBN:
- 9780191700002
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278985.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
This chapter begins by discussing the early skirmishes in Curll's long war with Alexander Pope. It then talks about Curll's piracy of the works of other authors, particularly those of Pope's friends. ...
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This chapter begins by discussing the early skirmishes in Curll's long war with Alexander Pope. It then talks about Curll's piracy of the works of other authors, particularly those of Pope's friends. It describes Dr. John Ayliffe, a civil lawyer educated at Winchester and New College, and details his allegation that funds of the Oxford University press had been misappropriated and criticism of his own college being run under the head of the house John Cobb. It then discusses the battle with the Scriblerians and their friends and how it was aggravated in early 1714. Next, it talks about the acute political tensions that marked the year 1715, culminating in the outbreak of the Jacobite rising. Lastly, it discusses the war of words between Curll and Pope.Less
This chapter begins by discussing the early skirmishes in Curll's long war with Alexander Pope. It then talks about Curll's piracy of the works of other authors, particularly those of Pope's friends. It describes Dr. John Ayliffe, a civil lawyer educated at Winchester and New College, and details his allegation that funds of the Oxford University press had been misappropriated and criticism of his own college being run under the head of the house John Cobb. It then discusses the battle with the Scriblerians and their friends and how it was aggravated in early 1714. Next, it talks about the acute political tensions that marked the year 1715, culminating in the outbreak of the Jacobite rising. Lastly, it discusses the war of words between Curll and Pope.
Maximillian E. Novak
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199261543
- eISBN:
- 9780191698743
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261543.003.0017
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
While Daniel Defoe was experiencing all kinds of tribulations in his business affairs, he was also emerging as an author. His experience of bankruptcy and the various legal actions brought against ...
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While Daniel Defoe was experiencing all kinds of tribulations in his business affairs, he was also emerging as an author. His experience of bankruptcy and the various legal actions brought against him introduced him to two powerful and transforming emotional experiences — shame and humiliation. The long discussion of bankruptcy in The Compleat English Tradesman portrays the experience in terms of psychological theatre. Although he wrote only one full-length book during the thirteen-year reign of William III, An Essay upon Projects, this was the period when Defoe emerged as a powerful writer on politics and society in both prose and verse. For someone like Defoe, who grew up with the terror of the possible eradication of Protestantism by Louis XIV, confidence in the permanence of the Glorious Revolution was impossible. Only after 1723, when one more Jacobite plot was easily defeated, was he to relax his propaganda campaigns against the Jacobites. Defoe’s masters in this form of political controversy in verse were Andrew Marvell and John Dryden.Less
While Daniel Defoe was experiencing all kinds of tribulations in his business affairs, he was also emerging as an author. His experience of bankruptcy and the various legal actions brought against him introduced him to two powerful and transforming emotional experiences — shame and humiliation. The long discussion of bankruptcy in The Compleat English Tradesman portrays the experience in terms of psychological theatre. Although he wrote only one full-length book during the thirteen-year reign of William III, An Essay upon Projects, this was the period when Defoe emerged as a powerful writer on politics and society in both prose and verse. For someone like Defoe, who grew up with the terror of the possible eradication of Protestantism by Louis XIV, confidence in the permanence of the Glorious Revolution was impossible. Only after 1723, when one more Jacobite plot was easily defeated, was he to relax his propaganda campaigns against the Jacobites. Defoe’s masters in this form of political controversy in verse were Andrew Marvell and John Dryden.
Maximillian E. Novak
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199261543
- eISBN:
- 9780191698743
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261543.003.0027
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
Daniel Defoe did not publish many pamphlets during the years 1708 and 1709. Toward the end of 1709, Defoe devoted a number of issues to concepts of freedom of the press and to a new bill concerning ...
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Daniel Defoe did not publish many pamphlets during the years 1708 and 1709. Toward the end of 1709, Defoe devoted a number of issues to concepts of freedom of the press and to a new bill concerning the rights of authors which was going through Parliament. His chief job while in Scotland was defending the Union, particularly against charges in England that the Church of Scotland was persecuting the Episcopalian ministers in Scotland. He regarded these charges as inspired by the Jacobites and launched an attack upon James Greensheils, whom Defoe thought had not been properly ordained and had been thus rightfully prevented from preaching by the Church of Scotland. In some ways the narrative method of The History of the Union, with its glances backward, its dramatic plot, its focus on details and vivid scenes, and its repetitions, bore considerable resemblance to the kind of fiction Defoe would eventually write.Less
Daniel Defoe did not publish many pamphlets during the years 1708 and 1709. Toward the end of 1709, Defoe devoted a number of issues to concepts of freedom of the press and to a new bill concerning the rights of authors which was going through Parliament. His chief job while in Scotland was defending the Union, particularly against charges in England that the Church of Scotland was persecuting the Episcopalian ministers in Scotland. He regarded these charges as inspired by the Jacobites and launched an attack upon James Greensheils, whom Defoe thought had not been properly ordained and had been thus rightfully prevented from preaching by the Church of Scotland. In some ways the narrative method of The History of the Union, with its glances backward, its dramatic plot, its focus on details and vivid scenes, and its repetitions, bore considerable resemblance to the kind of fiction Defoe would eventually write.
Nicholas Rogers
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201724
- eISBN:
- 9780191674990
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201724.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Crowds have long been part of the historical landscape. This book examines the changing role and character of crowds in Georgian politics through an investigation of some of the major crowd ...
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Crowds have long been part of the historical landscape. This book examines the changing role and character of crowds in Georgian politics through an investigation of some of the major crowd interventions in the period 1714–1821. It shows how the topsy-turvy interventions of the Jacobite era gave way to the more disciplined parades of Hanoverian England, a transition shaped by the effects of war, revolution, and the expansion of the state and the market. These changes unsettled the existing relationship between crowds and authority, raising issues of citizenship, class, and gender which fostered the emergence of a radical mass platform. On this platform, radical men (and, more ambiguously, women) staked out new demands for political power and recognition. In this study, this book shows us that Hanoverian crowds were more than dissonant voices on the margins; they were an integral part of 18th-century politics.Less
Crowds have long been part of the historical landscape. This book examines the changing role and character of crowds in Georgian politics through an investigation of some of the major crowd interventions in the period 1714–1821. It shows how the topsy-turvy interventions of the Jacobite era gave way to the more disciplined parades of Hanoverian England, a transition shaped by the effects of war, revolution, and the expansion of the state and the market. These changes unsettled the existing relationship between crowds and authority, raising issues of citizenship, class, and gender which fostered the emergence of a radical mass platform. On this platform, radical men (and, more ambiguously, women) staked out new demands for political power and recognition. In this study, this book shows us that Hanoverian crowds were more than dissonant voices on the margins; they were an integral part of 18th-century politics.
