Hugues Kone
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195102017
- eISBN:
- 9780199854936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195102017.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
The Ivory Coast's electronic communications system is very strong. This is manifested through the early introduction of a telecommunications industry; the practical application of that industry; and ...
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The Ivory Coast's electronic communications system is very strong. This is manifested through the early introduction of a telecommunications industry; the practical application of that industry; and the dominance of regional and local radio stations, telegraphs, and national television channels. All of this was eventually followed by the establishment of a sound international connections infrastructure. In the advent of technological penetration, equipment was installed in locations where raw materials were readily available. To date, most of the supplies have come from Western countries, especially France. Just after the colonial period, the telecommunications facilities of the Ivory Coast spread out, and became diversified and modernized. However, its management has always been under state monopoly and state administration rules. Policy modifications are suggested in this chapter in order to enhance the quality of domestic access, minimize invoicing errors, eradicate fraud and nonpayment of bills, and encourage effective transmission of information.Less
The Ivory Coast's electronic communications system is very strong. This is manifested through the early introduction of a telecommunications industry; the practical application of that industry; and the dominance of regional and local radio stations, telegraphs, and national television channels. All of this was eventually followed by the establishment of a sound international connections infrastructure. In the advent of technological penetration, equipment was installed in locations where raw materials were readily available. To date, most of the supplies have come from Western countries, especially France. Just after the colonial period, the telecommunications facilities of the Ivory Coast spread out, and became diversified and modernized. However, its management has always been under state monopoly and state administration rules. Policy modifications are suggested in this chapter in order to enhance the quality of domestic access, minimize invoicing errors, eradicate fraud and nonpayment of bills, and encourage effective transmission of information.
Philip E. Muehlenbeck
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195396096
- eISBN:
- 9780199932672
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396096.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, World Modern History
Chapter seven turns its focus to Kennedy’s relationship with conservative African nationalists William Tubman of Liberia and Felix Houphouët-Boigny of the Ivory Coast. It reveals that Kennedy was ...
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Chapter seven turns its focus to Kennedy’s relationship with conservative African nationalists William Tubman of Liberia and Felix Houphouët-Boigny of the Ivory Coast. It reveals that Kennedy was much more interested in courting the radical or Cold War nonaligned African leaders than those who were conservative, staunchly pro-Western, and already committed to the Western camp. Kennedy wagered that the conservative leaders were relics of the past who would soon be replaced by more nationalistic elements.Less
Chapter seven turns its focus to Kennedy’s relationship with conservative African nationalists William Tubman of Liberia and Felix Houphouët-Boigny of the Ivory Coast. It reveals that Kennedy was much more interested in courting the radical or Cold War nonaligned African leaders than those who were conservative, staunchly pro-Western, and already committed to the Western camp. Kennedy wagered that the conservative leaders were relics of the past who would soon be replaced by more nationalistic elements.
Philip E. Muehlenbeck
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195396096
- eISBN:
- 9780199932672
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396096.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, World Modern History
Much of the history of US-French competition overlooks the intense rivalry between Kennedy and Charles de Gaulle in Africa. Chapter eight sheds light on this rivalry. Africa was an essential ...
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Much of the history of US-French competition overlooks the intense rivalry between Kennedy and Charles de Gaulle in Africa. Chapter eight sheds light on this rivalry. Africa was an essential component of de Gaulle’s plan to restore French grandeur. Although Washington had little to lose from such competition, which had the possibility of weakening France’s global power, Kennedy hoped to block de Gaulle’s plan as revenge for the frustration he was causing Kennedy in Europe.Less
Much of the history of US-French competition overlooks the intense rivalry between Kennedy and Charles de Gaulle in Africa. Chapter eight sheds light on this rivalry. Africa was an essential component of de Gaulle’s plan to restore French grandeur. Although Washington had little to lose from such competition, which had the possibility of weakening France’s global power, Kennedy hoped to block de Gaulle’s plan as revenge for the frustration he was causing Kennedy in Europe.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226289649
- eISBN:
- 9780226289663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226289663.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, African Cultural Anthropology
This chapter concentrates on the Ivory Coast, where local violence against allogènes has recently taken on particularly shocking forms. The segmentary nature of the African continent, the paradox ...
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This chapter concentrates on the Ivory Coast, where local violence against allogènes has recently taken on particularly shocking forms. The segmentary nature of the African continent, the paradox between apparent safety and deep insecurity, and the naturalizing purport that gives it such high mobilizing propensity are elaborated upon. The rapid rise and demise of the ivoirité notion might be revealing for the awkward and confusing implications of autochthony thinking. The Ivory Coast quickly became an extreme example of the an area where violent propensities of tensions over autochthony, belonging, and exclusion could occur. The Kivu is a striking example of how directly the vicissitudes of the idea of national citizenship during the proud period of nation-building impacted the subsequent autochthony backlash. The main implication of the African examples might be that autochthony's paradoxical combination of self-evidence and great uncertainty can be especially dangerous.Less
This chapter concentrates on the Ivory Coast, where local violence against allogènes has recently taken on particularly shocking forms. The segmentary nature of the African continent, the paradox between apparent safety and deep insecurity, and the naturalizing purport that gives it such high mobilizing propensity are elaborated upon. The rapid rise and demise of the ivoirité notion might be revealing for the awkward and confusing implications of autochthony thinking. The Ivory Coast quickly became an extreme example of the an area where violent propensities of tensions over autochthony, belonging, and exclusion could occur. The Kivu is a striking example of how directly the vicissitudes of the idea of national citizenship during the proud period of nation-building impacted the subsequent autochthony backlash. The main implication of the African examples might be that autochthony's paradoxical combination of self-evidence and great uncertainty can be especially dangerous.
Jaroslav Tir and Johannes Karreth
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190699512
- eISBN:
- 9780190699550
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190699512.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Two low-level armed conflicts, Indonesia’s East Timor and Ivory Coast’s post-2010 election crises, provide detailed qualitative evidence of highly structured intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) ...
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Two low-level armed conflicts, Indonesia’s East Timor and Ivory Coast’s post-2010 election crises, provide detailed qualitative evidence of highly structured intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) engaging in effective civil warpreventing activities in member-states. Highly structured IGOs threatened and sanctioned each of these states and offered (long-term) benefits conditional on successful crisis resolution. The governments were aware of and responded to these IGOs’ concerns, as did the rebels in these respective cases. The early stages of the conflict in Syria in 2011 provide a counterpoint. With Syria’s limited engagement in only few highly structured IGOs, the Syrian government ignored international calls for peace. And, without highly structured IGOs’ counterweight to curtail the government, the rebels saw little reason to stop their armed resistance. The result was a brutal and deadly civil war that continues today.Less
Two low-level armed conflicts, Indonesia’s East Timor and Ivory Coast’s post-2010 election crises, provide detailed qualitative evidence of highly structured intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) engaging in effective civil warpreventing activities in member-states. Highly structured IGOs threatened and sanctioned each of these states and offered (long-term) benefits conditional on successful crisis resolution. The governments were aware of and responded to these IGOs’ concerns, as did the rebels in these respective cases. The early stages of the conflict in Syria in 2011 provide a counterpoint. With Syria’s limited engagement in only few highly structured IGOs, the Syrian government ignored international calls for peace. And, without highly structured IGOs’ counterweight to curtail the government, the rebels saw little reason to stop their armed resistance. The result was a brutal and deadly civil war that continues today.
Gwendolyn Midlo Hall
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807829738
- eISBN:
- 9781469605180
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807876862_hall.9
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
The Lower Guinea coasts named by maritime traders as the Ivory Coast, the Gold Coast, and the Slave Coast on the Bight of Benin were major sources of enslaved Africans brought to the Americas. This ...
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The Lower Guinea coasts named by maritime traders as the Ivory Coast, the Gold Coast, and the Slave Coast on the Bight of Benin were major sources of enslaved Africans brought to the Americas. This chapter discusses the transatlantic slave trade voyages from these regions of the Lower Guinea across the Atlantic. It demonstrates how using databases and traditional documents generated by transatlantic slave voyages can help us to explore the roots of African-descended peoples in the Americas.Less
The Lower Guinea coasts named by maritime traders as the Ivory Coast, the Gold Coast, and the Slave Coast on the Bight of Benin were major sources of enslaved Africans brought to the Americas. This chapter discusses the transatlantic slave trade voyages from these regions of the Lower Guinea across the Atlantic. It demonstrates how using databases and traditional documents generated by transatlantic slave voyages can help us to explore the roots of African-descended peoples in the Americas.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226327143
- eISBN:
- 9780226327167
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226327167.003.0006
- Subject:
- Anthropology, African Cultural Anthropology
In November 1956, Jean Rouch moved to the French colony on the Ivory Coast to begin a new phase of his migration research. Over the next four years, Abidjan, the capital, would become the principal ...
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In November 1956, Jean Rouch moved to the French colony on the Ivory Coast to begin a new phase of his migration research. Over the next four years, Abidjan, the capital, would become the principal location of his filmmaking activities. This chapter focuses on two major films that Rouch made in Abidjan, which were his most significant works. Both were ethnofictions, involving a further development of the improvisational techniques that he had employed in Jaguar. The first, Moi, un Noir, was shot over the course of six months in 1957, though it was not released in its definitive form until 1960. The other, La Pyramide humaine, was shot in 1959–1960 and was not finally released until 1961. If Les Maîtres fous had confirmed Rouch's reputation as a documentarist, it would be these two films that would establish him as a major figure of French fictional cinema and one whose methods would have a major impact on the emergent New Wave.Less
In November 1956, Jean Rouch moved to the French colony on the Ivory Coast to begin a new phase of his migration research. Over the next four years, Abidjan, the capital, would become the principal location of his filmmaking activities. This chapter focuses on two major films that Rouch made in Abidjan, which were his most significant works. Both were ethnofictions, involving a further development of the improvisational techniques that he had employed in Jaguar. The first, Moi, un Noir, was shot over the course of six months in 1957, though it was not released in its definitive form until 1960. The other, La Pyramide humaine, was shot in 1959–1960 and was not finally released until 1961. If Les Maîtres fous had confirmed Rouch's reputation as a documentarist, it would be these two films that would establish him as a major figure of French fictional cinema and one whose methods would have a major impact on the emergent New Wave.
Pascal Vennesson
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198719663
- eISBN:
- 9780191788680
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198719663.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
In complex peace operations, why and how does cohesion, a key factor that helps soldiers fight together and risk themselves for their comrades, lead them to unethical and unlawful behaviour? The ...
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In complex peace operations, why and how does cohesion, a key factor that helps soldiers fight together and risk themselves for their comrades, lead them to unethical and unlawful behaviour? The chapter seeks to address two gaps in the military cohesion literature. First, it shows empirically how command affects military performance—both collective action and cohesion—during the course of an operation. Second, deviant cohesion commonly refers to situations in which subgroup solidarities overturn organizational goals. By contrast, the chapter explores a situation in which deviant cohesion supports organizational goals at the tactical and operational levels but generate a misconduct with important consequences at the strategic and political levels. These arguments are assessed by using fresh empirical evidence to examine the ‘Mahé affair’, in which French military personnel were found guilty of murder of an Ivorian man accused of robbery and abuses.Less
In complex peace operations, why and how does cohesion, a key factor that helps soldiers fight together and risk themselves for their comrades, lead them to unethical and unlawful behaviour? The chapter seeks to address two gaps in the military cohesion literature. First, it shows empirically how command affects military performance—both collective action and cohesion—during the course of an operation. Second, deviant cohesion commonly refers to situations in which subgroup solidarities overturn organizational goals. By contrast, the chapter explores a situation in which deviant cohesion supports organizational goals at the tactical and operational levels but generate a misconduct with important consequences at the strategic and political levels. These arguments are assessed by using fresh empirical evidence to examine the ‘Mahé affair’, in which French military personnel were found guilty of murder of an Ivorian man accused of robbery and abuses.
Jaroslav Tir and Johannes Karreth
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190699512
- eISBN:
- 9780190699550
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190699512.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Civil wars are one of the most pressing problems facing the world. Common approaches such as mediation, intervention, and peacekeeping have produced some results in managing ongoing civil wars, but ...
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Civil wars are one of the most pressing problems facing the world. Common approaches such as mediation, intervention, and peacekeeping have produced some results in managing ongoing civil wars, but they fall short in preventing civil wars in the first place. This book argues for considering civil wars from a developmental perspective to identify steps to assure that nascent, low-level armed conflicts do not escalate to full-scale civil wars. We show that highly structured intergovernmental organizations (IGOs, e.g. the World Bank or IMF) are particularly well positioned to engage in civil war prevention. Such organizations have both an enduring self-interest in member-state peace and stability and potent (economic) tools to incentivize peaceful conflict resolution. The book advances the hypothesis that countries that belong to a larger number of highly structured IGOs face a significantly lower risk that emerging low-level armed conflicts on their territories will escalate to full-scale civil wars. Systematic analyses of over 260 low-level armed conflicts that have occurred around the globe since World War II provide consistent and robust support for this hypothesis. The impact of a greater number of memberships in highly structured IGOs is substantial, cutting the risk of escalation by over one-half. Case evidence from Indonesia’s East Timor conflict, Ivory Coast’s post-2010 election crisis, and from the early stages of the conflict in Syria in 2011 provide additional evidence that memberships in highly structured IGOs are indeed key to understanding why some low-level armed conflicts escalate to civil wars and others do not.Less
Civil wars are one of the most pressing problems facing the world. Common approaches such as mediation, intervention, and peacekeeping have produced some results in managing ongoing civil wars, but they fall short in preventing civil wars in the first place. This book argues for considering civil wars from a developmental perspective to identify steps to assure that nascent, low-level armed conflicts do not escalate to full-scale civil wars. We show that highly structured intergovernmental organizations (IGOs, e.g. the World Bank or IMF) are particularly well positioned to engage in civil war prevention. Such organizations have both an enduring self-interest in member-state peace and stability and potent (economic) tools to incentivize peaceful conflict resolution. The book advances the hypothesis that countries that belong to a larger number of highly structured IGOs face a significantly lower risk that emerging low-level armed conflicts on their territories will escalate to full-scale civil wars. Systematic analyses of over 260 low-level armed conflicts that have occurred around the globe since World War II provide consistent and robust support for this hypothesis. The impact of a greater number of memberships in highly structured IGOs is substantial, cutting the risk of escalation by over one-half. Case evidence from Indonesia’s East Timor conflict, Ivory Coast’s post-2010 election crisis, and from the early stages of the conflict in Syria in 2011 provide additional evidence that memberships in highly structured IGOs are indeed key to understanding why some low-level armed conflicts escalate to civil wars and others do not.
Geert-Jan Alexander Knoops
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199388660
- eISBN:
- 9780190271886
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199388660.003.0030
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter discusses the work of the ICC for the year 2012 on a case by case basis, as well as several important developments since its inception in 2002. An important achievement in 2012 was the ...
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This chapter discusses the work of the ICC for the year 2012 on a case by case basis, as well as several important developments since its inception in 2002. An important achievement in 2012 was the first final judgment reached by the ICC in the case of Lubanga. The ICC’s relation with African states is illuminated, since all situations under investigation by the ICC concern African states. Consequently, the prosecutorial policy of the ICC was subjected to criticism, which also featured in the case of Laurent Gbagbo in the Ivory Coast situation, the case of Saif al Islam in the Libya situation and the case against the four accused in the Kenyan situation.Less
This chapter discusses the work of the ICC for the year 2012 on a case by case basis, as well as several important developments since its inception in 2002. An important achievement in 2012 was the first final judgment reached by the ICC in the case of Lubanga. The ICC’s relation with African states is illuminated, since all situations under investigation by the ICC concern African states. Consequently, the prosecutorial policy of the ICC was subjected to criticism, which also featured in the case of Laurent Gbagbo in the Ivory Coast situation, the case of Saif al Islam in the Libya situation and the case against the four accused in the Kenyan situation.
Manisuli Ssenyonjo
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198810568
- eISBN:
- 9780191847837
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198810568.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
The chapter argues that some of the criticism against the use of proprio motu powers is justified, particularly in respect of selectivity, given that other situations outside Africa were not ...
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The chapter argues that some of the criticism against the use of proprio motu powers is justified, particularly in respect of selectivity, given that other situations outside Africa were not investigated in equal manner. Equally, the evidence by which the Prosecutor initiated proprio motu prosecutions was generally weak and, despite some dissenting voices, it was never turned down by the ICC’s pre-trial chambers. This is particularly interesting if one considers that the situation in Kenya, at least, was politically charged. Although the chapter largely discusses the legal contours of the Prosecutor’s proprio motu powers and their application in the two African situations, it also assesses the impact of these prosecutions on local proceedings and the potential for suffocating the investigated nations’ relations with the ICC. To avoid similar conflicts in the future, the author argues that the politicization of prosecutorial discretion could be assessed by considering comparable situations in which the Prosecutor is not attempting to proceed.Less
The chapter argues that some of the criticism against the use of proprio motu powers is justified, particularly in respect of selectivity, given that other situations outside Africa were not investigated in equal manner. Equally, the evidence by which the Prosecutor initiated proprio motu prosecutions was generally weak and, despite some dissenting voices, it was never turned down by the ICC’s pre-trial chambers. This is particularly interesting if one considers that the situation in Kenya, at least, was politically charged. Although the chapter largely discusses the legal contours of the Prosecutor’s proprio motu powers and their application in the two African situations, it also assesses the impact of these prosecutions on local proceedings and the potential for suffocating the investigated nations’ relations with the ICC. To avoid similar conflicts in the future, the author argues that the politicization of prosecutorial discretion could be assessed by considering comparable situations in which the Prosecutor is not attempting to proceed.
