Gerald Kreft
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264812
- eISBN:
- 9780191754029
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264812.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter focuses on the importance of Philipp Schwartz's role in the establishment of the Notgemeinschaft outside Germany, his remarkable success in placing thirty refugee scholars in the new ...
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This chapter focuses on the importance of Philipp Schwartz's role in the establishment of the Notgemeinschaft outside Germany, his remarkable success in placing thirty refugee scholars in the new University of Istanbul within a few months in 1933 (and, over the next twenty years, in recruiting some 250 ‘first-rate scientists (émigrés) for the Turkish Government’), and the close ties established with the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL) by his successor, Dr Fritz Demuth. Between 1936 and 1946, the Notgemeinschaft actually shared the SPSL's accommodation, and provided an invaluable database of refugee academics to the Society and to the American Emergency Committee. In 1937 Demuth was recognized as advisor to, and honorary member of, the SPSL Executive Committee.Less
This chapter focuses on the importance of Philipp Schwartz's role in the establishment of the Notgemeinschaft outside Germany, his remarkable success in placing thirty refugee scholars in the new University of Istanbul within a few months in 1933 (and, over the next twenty years, in recruiting some 250 ‘first-rate scientists (émigrés) for the Turkish Government’), and the close ties established with the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL) by his successor, Dr Fritz Demuth. Between 1936 and 1946, the Notgemeinschaft actually shared the SPSL's accommodation, and provided an invaluable database of refugee academics to the Society and to the American Emergency Committee. In 1937 Demuth was recognized as advisor to, and honorary member of, the SPSL Executive Committee.
Pierre Hecker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195369212
- eISBN:
- 9780199871179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369212.003.0020
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society, Islam
Heavy metal scenes can be found throughout the Middle East as in almost any other region of the world. Although still marginal in terms of numbers and public attention, the metal scene in the region, ...
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Heavy metal scenes can be found throughout the Middle East as in almost any other region of the world. Although still marginal in terms of numbers and public attention, the metal scene in the region, particularly in urban centers in Turkey, Lebanon, and Israel, has developed its own infrastructure consisting of bands, magazines, independent labels, distributors, festivals, and bars. This chapter, based on two case studies from Turkey, explores the impact of newly emerging “metal spaces” on already existing social and public spaces. It considers aspects of both local embeddedness and of translocal connectivity to illustrate how youthful “metal heads” negotiate boundaries in everyday life. The first case study focuses on the emergence of Turkey’s very first rock bar, whereas the second case sheds light on cultural globalization and the translocal connectivity among metal heads of different ethnic, religious, and national backgrounds.Less
Heavy metal scenes can be found throughout the Middle East as in almost any other region of the world. Although still marginal in terms of numbers and public attention, the metal scene in the region, particularly in urban centers in Turkey, Lebanon, and Israel, has developed its own infrastructure consisting of bands, magazines, independent labels, distributors, festivals, and bars. This chapter, based on two case studies from Turkey, explores the impact of newly emerging “metal spaces” on already existing social and public spaces. It considers aspects of both local embeddedness and of translocal connectivity to illustrate how youthful “metal heads” negotiate boundaries in everyday life. The first case study focuses on the emergence of Turkey’s very first rock bar, whereas the second case sheds light on cultural globalization and the translocal connectivity among metal heads of different ethnic, religious, and national backgrounds.
James I. Porter
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199212989
- eISBN:
- 9780191594205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212989.003.0013
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Prose and Writers: Classical, Early, and Medieval
The chapter examines Erich Auerbach's contrastive analysis from 1942 of Homer and the Jewish Old Testament, situating that analysis firmly in its immediate historical context of German fascism, ...
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The chapter examines Erich Auerbach's contrastive analysis from 1942 of Homer and the Jewish Old Testament, situating that analysis firmly in its immediate historical context of German fascism, anti‐Semitism, and exile. The thesis is that by indexing the present historical moment in his reading, Auerbach, the displaced German Jew in Istanbul, is historicizing philology. At the same time he is inverting the political polarities of philology, not least by contrasting the two treatments (Homeric, biblical‐Jewish) of time, truth, and revelation in the two traditions that he is less comparing than critically pitting against each other. And he is undertaking all this in opposition to the ingrained tendencies of an anti‐Semitic classical philology and in the context of efforts in Germany to de‐Judaize Christianity. While he is remembered today as the founder of comparative literature, Auerbach is in fact Judaizing philology; that is, he is constructing a new oppositional Jewish philology that departs dramatically from the conventions of classical philology and romance philology.Less
The chapter examines Erich Auerbach's contrastive analysis from 1942 of Homer and the Jewish Old Testament, situating that analysis firmly in its immediate historical context of German fascism, anti‐Semitism, and exile. The thesis is that by indexing the present historical moment in his reading, Auerbach, the displaced German Jew in Istanbul, is historicizing philology. At the same time he is inverting the political polarities of philology, not least by contrasting the two treatments (Homeric, biblical‐Jewish) of time, truth, and revelation in the two traditions that he is less comparing than critically pitting against each other. And he is undertaking all this in opposition to the ingrained tendencies of an anti‐Semitic classical philology and in the context of efforts in Germany to de‐Judaize Christianity. While he is remembered today as the founder of comparative literature, Auerbach is in fact Judaizing philology; that is, he is constructing a new oppositional Jewish philology that departs dramatically from the conventions of classical philology and romance philology.
Ryan Gingeras
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199561520
- eISBN:
- 9780191721076
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199561520.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The birth of the Turkish Republic was an event borne out of immense bloodshed and carnage. During the decade leading up to the end of the Ottoman Empire and the ascendancy of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, ...
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The birth of the Turkish Republic was an event borne out of immense bloodshed and carnage. During the decade leading up to the end of the Ottoman Empire and the ascendancy of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, virtually every town and village throughout Anatolia was wracked by intercommunal violence. This book presents a history of these bloody years of political and social transformation. The book challenges the determinism associated with the nationalist interpretation of the events that transpire in contemporary Turkey between 1912 and 1923, and delves deeper into this period of transition between empire and nation-state. In looking closely at a small corner of territory immediately south of the old Ottoman capital of Istanbul, this book traces the evolution of various communities of native Christians and immigrant Muslims against the backdrop of the Balkan Wars, the First World War, the Armenian Genocide, the Turkish War of Independence, and the Greek occupation of the region. By taking up the roles of four discrete groups located along the southern rim of the Sea of Marmara, this book demonstrates the ways in which a series of provincial communities were both the objects and the engines of radical social and political change. The book specifically takes on the origins of the bitter communal and sectarian violence that occurs throughout this period. Rather than essentialize the conflict as a war between monolithic ethnic groups driven by fanaticism and ancient hatreds, this book instead lends greater attention to the culpability of several competing states in fanning successive waves of violence seen in this portion of northwestern Anatolia.Less
The birth of the Turkish Republic was an event borne out of immense bloodshed and carnage. During the decade leading up to the end of the Ottoman Empire and the ascendancy of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, virtually every town and village throughout Anatolia was wracked by intercommunal violence. This book presents a history of these bloody years of political and social transformation. The book challenges the determinism associated with the nationalist interpretation of the events that transpire in contemporary Turkey between 1912 and 1923, and delves deeper into this period of transition between empire and nation-state. In looking closely at a small corner of territory immediately south of the old Ottoman capital of Istanbul, this book traces the evolution of various communities of native Christians and immigrant Muslims against the backdrop of the Balkan Wars, the First World War, the Armenian Genocide, the Turkish War of Independence, and the Greek occupation of the region. By taking up the roles of four discrete groups located along the southern rim of the Sea of Marmara, this book demonstrates the ways in which a series of provincial communities were both the objects and the engines of radical social and political change. The book specifically takes on the origins of the bitter communal and sectarian violence that occurs throughout this period. Rather than essentialize the conflict as a war between monolithic ethnic groups driven by fanaticism and ancient hatreds, this book instead lends greater attention to the culpability of several competing states in fanning successive waves of violence seen in this portion of northwestern Anatolia.
John-Paul A. Ghobrial
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199672417
- eISBN:
- 9780191770494
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199672417.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Oral and epistolary flows of information are the dark matter of early modern history. Omnipresent, yet often imperceptible to the historian’s eye, such information flows connected Europe and the ...
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Oral and epistolary flows of information are the dark matter of early modern history. Omnipresent, yet often imperceptible to the historian’s eye, such information flows connected Europe and the Middle East long before the emergence of modern communications, and they played an important role in the creation of a ‘connected world’ in the seventeenth century. The Whispers of Cities explores how information linked Istanbul, London, and Paris in the late seventeenth century. To this end, the book explores early modern communication through the adventures and experiences of Sir William Trumbull, English ambassador to Istanbul from 1687 to 1692. The book tracks Trumbull during his transformation from a civil lawyer and state official in London to a European notable at the heart of Ottoman social networks in Istanbul. During his residence in the Ottoman capital, Trumbull would turn to a wide range of local informants for information and news about Ottoman politics, and he would himself become an agent in the production of news about the Ottoman world for publics in Europe. In this way, this book argues that information flows between Istanbul, London, and Paris were rooted in the personal encounters that took place between Ottomans and Europeans in everyday communication in Istanbul. At the intersection of global history and the history of communication, The Whisper of Cities explores what ‘connectedness’ meant in practice for the lives of people in the seventeenth century.Less
Oral and epistolary flows of information are the dark matter of early modern history. Omnipresent, yet often imperceptible to the historian’s eye, such information flows connected Europe and the Middle East long before the emergence of modern communications, and they played an important role in the creation of a ‘connected world’ in the seventeenth century. The Whispers of Cities explores how information linked Istanbul, London, and Paris in the late seventeenth century. To this end, the book explores early modern communication through the adventures and experiences of Sir William Trumbull, English ambassador to Istanbul from 1687 to 1692. The book tracks Trumbull during his transformation from a civil lawyer and state official in London to a European notable at the heart of Ottoman social networks in Istanbul. During his residence in the Ottoman capital, Trumbull would turn to a wide range of local informants for information and news about Ottoman politics, and he would himself become an agent in the production of news about the Ottoman world for publics in Europe. In this way, this book argues that information flows between Istanbul, London, and Paris were rooted in the personal encounters that took place between Ottomans and Europeans in everyday communication in Istanbul. At the intersection of global history and the history of communication, The Whisper of Cities explores what ‘connectedness’ meant in practice for the lives of people in the seventeenth century.
Mary C. Neuburger
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450846
- eISBN:
- 9780801465949
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450846.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book leads readers along the Bulgarian–Ottoman caravan routes and into the coffeehouses of Istanbul and Sofia. It reveals how a remote country was drawn into global economic networks through ...
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This book leads readers along the Bulgarian–Ottoman caravan routes and into the coffeehouses of Istanbul and Sofia. It reveals how a remote country was drawn into global economic networks through tobacco production and consumption and in the process became modern. In writing the life of tobacco in Bulgaria from the late Ottoman period through the years of Communist rule, the book provides a fresh perspective on the genesis of modern Bulgaria itself. The tobacco industry comes to shape most of Bulgaria's international relations; it drew Bulgaria into its fateful alliance with Nazi Germany and in the postwar period Bulgaria was the primary supplier of smokes (the famed Bulgarian Gold) for the USSR and its satellites. By the late 1960s, Bulgaria was the number one exporter of tobacco in the world, with roughly one eighth of its population involved in production. The book visits the places where tobacco is grown to meet the merchants, the workers, and the peasant growers, most of whom are Muslim by the postwar period. Along the way, we learn how smoking and anti-smoking impulses influenced perceptions of luxury and necessity, questions of novelty, imitation, value, taste, and gender-based respectability. While the scope is often global, the book also explores the politics of tobacco within Bulgaria.Less
This book leads readers along the Bulgarian–Ottoman caravan routes and into the coffeehouses of Istanbul and Sofia. It reveals how a remote country was drawn into global economic networks through tobacco production and consumption and in the process became modern. In writing the life of tobacco in Bulgaria from the late Ottoman period through the years of Communist rule, the book provides a fresh perspective on the genesis of modern Bulgaria itself. The tobacco industry comes to shape most of Bulgaria's international relations; it drew Bulgaria into its fateful alliance with Nazi Germany and in the postwar period Bulgaria was the primary supplier of smokes (the famed Bulgarian Gold) for the USSR and its satellites. By the late 1960s, Bulgaria was the number one exporter of tobacco in the world, with roughly one eighth of its population involved in production. The book visits the places where tobacco is grown to meet the merchants, the workers, and the peasant growers, most of whom are Muslim by the postwar period. Along the way, we learn how smoking and anti-smoking impulses influenced perceptions of luxury and necessity, questions of novelty, imitation, value, taste, and gender-based respectability. While the scope is often global, the book also explores the politics of tobacco within Bulgaria.
BURCU ÖZGÜVEN
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264423
- eISBN:
- 9780191734793
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264423.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter examines military building activity in the region in the light of Ottoman sources preserved in the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archive in Istanbul and memoirs written by the senior ...
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This chapter examines military building activity in the region in the light of Ottoman sources preserved in the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archive in Istanbul and memoirs written by the senior bureaucrats of the Empire. It aims to assess whether the military building programme of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries continued in later periods in the same spirit as in the earlier time of conquests and expansion, or if the empire only supported repairs of existing strongholds. The issue was noted by numerous Ottoman writers as early as the Koçi Bey Risalesi in the seventeenth century. This chapter examines four frontier areas of the Ottoman Empire: the Hapsburg borderland in Croatia; the frontier between Montenegro and southern Herzegovina; the fortress line on the banks of the Danube in Wallachia; and the Danube Delta region near the Black Sea.Less
This chapter examines military building activity in the region in the light of Ottoman sources preserved in the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archive in Istanbul and memoirs written by the senior bureaucrats of the Empire. It aims to assess whether the military building programme of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries continued in later periods in the same spirit as in the earlier time of conquests and expansion, or if the empire only supported repairs of existing strongholds. The issue was noted by numerous Ottoman writers as early as the Koçi Bey Risalesi in the seventeenth century. This chapter examines four frontier areas of the Ottoman Empire: the Hapsburg borderland in Croatia; the frontier between Montenegro and southern Herzegovina; the fortress line on the banks of the Danube in Wallachia; and the Danube Delta region near the Black Sea.
GÖKHAN ÇETİNSAYA
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264423
- eISBN:
- 9780191734793
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264423.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
Throughout its four centuries of Ottoman rule, Iraq remained a frontier of geographical, tribal, religious, economic and imperial boundaries. Iraq was an outlying region; it had a large Shi'i ...
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Throughout its four centuries of Ottoman rule, Iraq remained a frontier of geographical, tribal, religious, economic and imperial boundaries. Iraq was an outlying region; it had a large Shi'i population; it remained a tribal and economically poor country; as a frontier region, it was vulnerable to invasion and peaceful penetration by foreign powers, Iran and Britain. The Ottoman central government expended considerable effort to overcoming these challenges, but proved unable to resolve them completely, and as a result, both its authority and reform efforts were undermined. These obstacles to the Ottoman administration of the Iraqi provinces, due to Iraq's location in a frontier region, compounded by the government's inability to satisfy the conflicting desires and interests of those involved, presented a dilemma to the empire which it was unable to transcend.Less
Throughout its four centuries of Ottoman rule, Iraq remained a frontier of geographical, tribal, religious, economic and imperial boundaries. Iraq was an outlying region; it had a large Shi'i population; it remained a tribal and economically poor country; as a frontier region, it was vulnerable to invasion and peaceful penetration by foreign powers, Iran and Britain. The Ottoman central government expended considerable effort to overcoming these challenges, but proved unable to resolve them completely, and as a result, both its authority and reform efforts were undermined. These obstacles to the Ottoman administration of the Iraqi provinces, due to Iraq's location in a frontier region, compounded by the government's inability to satisfy the conflicting desires and interests of those involved, presented a dilemma to the empire which it was unable to transcend.
Suraiya Faroqhi
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199768677
- eISBN:
- 9780199979608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199768677.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter explores the history of fish, fishermen, and fishing in early modern Ottoman Istanbul. Accounts from the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries reveal various techniques used by ...
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This chapter explores the history of fish, fishermen, and fishing in early modern Ottoman Istanbul. Accounts from the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries reveal various techniques used by fishermen in the Black and Marmara Seas and in the Bosporus Strait. These sources also explain which varieties of fish were caught and consumed in the city. Examining the consumption of fish reveals differences along class and religious lines, and also helps to explain the diet and—since fish were a major source of protein—relative health of the residents of early modern Istanbul. To better understand changes in the catching and consumption of fish in Istanbul, this chapter also compares early modern experiences to those of the early twentieth century, showing remarkable continuity between the two periods.Less
This chapter explores the history of fish, fishermen, and fishing in early modern Ottoman Istanbul. Accounts from the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries reveal various techniques used by fishermen in the Black and Marmara Seas and in the Bosporus Strait. These sources also explain which varieties of fish were caught and consumed in the city. Examining the consumption of fish reveals differences along class and religious lines, and also helps to explain the diet and—since fish were a major source of protein—relative health of the residents of early modern Istanbul. To better understand changes in the catching and consumption of fish in Istanbul, this chapter also compares early modern experiences to those of the early twentieth century, showing remarkable continuity between the two periods.
Susan Sorek
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781904675518
- eISBN:
- 9781781380772
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781904675518.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter describes the reign of Theodosius (ad 379–395), who united the Egyptian empire under a sole emperor. Theodosius ordered an obelisk to be removed from Egypt, destined for the new capital, ...
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This chapter describes the reign of Theodosius (ad 379–395), who united the Egyptian empire under a sole emperor. Theodosius ordered an obelisk to be removed from Egypt, destined for the new capital, Constantinople. This red granite monument now stands in the Atmeidan or Square of Horses in Istanbul, which was the site of the hippodrome of ancient Constantinople.Less
This chapter describes the reign of Theodosius (ad 379–395), who united the Egyptian empire under a sole emperor. Theodosius ordered an obelisk to be removed from Egypt, destined for the new capital, Constantinople. This red granite monument now stands in the Atmeidan or Square of Horses in Istanbul, which was the site of the hippodrome of ancient Constantinople.
Cengiz Kirli
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719089695
- eISBN:
- 9781526104304
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719089695.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Social History
Since their introduction in the mid-sixteenth century, coffeehouses have arguably been the most important sites of adult-male sociability in Istanbul, the capital city of the Ottoman Empire. This ...
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Since their introduction in the mid-sixteenth century, coffeehouses have arguably been the most important sites of adult-male sociability in Istanbul, the capital city of the Ottoman Empire. This chapter analyses their long term history in a comparative and transnational perspective. Throughout their long existence, Ottoman and Europeans coffeehouses fulfilled many similar functions. They were places of leisure and information exchange where men met, passed on news, played games, told stories to each other and conversed in the semi-private spirit of a public setting. They also served as places of commercial activity, where deals could be arranged; of occupational activity, where labour could be hired and practitioners of different professions and trade sell their services; and nodal points of migration networks where new immigrants found temporary and even sometimes permanent shelter, and established contacts in setting up a new life in urban centres. Coffeehouses, however, also served as spheres of political opinion making and resistance – both in highly visible and more subtle ways. In what ways did Ottoman coffeehouses differ from European coffeehouses, and what transnational flows of influence can be detected here?Less
Since their introduction in the mid-sixteenth century, coffeehouses have arguably been the most important sites of adult-male sociability in Istanbul, the capital city of the Ottoman Empire. This chapter analyses their long term history in a comparative and transnational perspective. Throughout their long existence, Ottoman and Europeans coffeehouses fulfilled many similar functions. They were places of leisure and information exchange where men met, passed on news, played games, told stories to each other and conversed in the semi-private spirit of a public setting. They also served as places of commercial activity, where deals could be arranged; of occupational activity, where labour could be hired and practitioners of different professions and trade sell their services; and nodal points of migration networks where new immigrants found temporary and even sometimes permanent shelter, and established contacts in setting up a new life in urban centres. Coffeehouses, however, also served as spheres of political opinion making and resistance – both in highly visible and more subtle ways. In what ways did Ottoman coffeehouses differ from European coffeehouses, and what transnational flows of influence can be detected here?
Wendy M. K. Shaw
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520233355
- eISBN:
- 9780520928565
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520233355.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter describes the antique collections of Ottoman museums. It discusses the establishment of the sarcophagus museum and the museum enterprises outside of Istanbul. The chapter suggests that ...
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This chapter describes the antique collections of Ottoman museums. It discusses the establishment of the sarcophagus museum and the museum enterprises outside of Istanbul. The chapter suggests that the adoption of Helleno-Byzantine antiquities as a cultural marker for the Ottoman Empire served not only as a sign of assimilation but also as a sign of resistance and a call for continued independence.Less
This chapter describes the antique collections of Ottoman museums. It discusses the establishment of the sarcophagus museum and the museum enterprises outside of Istanbul. The chapter suggests that the adoption of Helleno-Byzantine antiquities as a cultural marker for the Ottoman Empire served not only as a sign of assimilation but also as a sign of resistance and a call for continued independence.
Kathleen Allden
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520252233
- eISBN:
- 9780520941021
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520252233.003.0016
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
This chapter discusses the Istanbul Protocol, guidelines for documenting consequences of torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment and severe human rights abuses, which was developed ...
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This chapter discusses the Istanbul Protocol, guidelines for documenting consequences of torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment and severe human rights abuses, which was developed from 1996 to 1999. It evaluates the role of such guidelines, and of the medical and psychiatric disciplines that created them, in addressing human rights violations linked to activities of corporate globalization and the new global economy. The chapter analyzes the legal suit brought by Burmese villagers against the pipeline company Unocal in relation to its Yadana Pipeline project.Less
This chapter discusses the Istanbul Protocol, guidelines for documenting consequences of torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment and severe human rights abuses, which was developed from 1996 to 1999. It evaluates the role of such guidelines, and of the medical and psychiatric disciplines that created them, in addressing human rights violations linked to activities of corporate globalization and the new global economy. The chapter analyzes the legal suit brought by Burmese villagers against the pipeline company Unocal in relation to its Yadana Pipeline project.
Iain Robert Smith
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474407236
- eISBN:
- 9781474434812
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474407236.003.0005
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Since the publication of Bram Stoker’s novel Dracula in 1897, the character of Count Dracula has proven to be eminently adaptable, appearing in various guises in over 300 feature films – from FW ...
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Since the publication of Bram Stoker’s novel Dracula in 1897, the character of Count Dracula has proven to be eminently adaptable, appearing in various guises in over 300 feature films – from FW Murnau’s Nosferatu (1922) through to Dario Argento’s Dracula 3D (2012). As with other iconic characters such as Sherlock Holmes and Batman, Dracula has been freed from his roots in a source text and entered what Will Brooker describes as ‘the realm of the icon’. Yet, while there has been a considerable amount of scholarship on the canonical adaptations of Dracula produced in Hollywood, the UK and Germany, very little has been written on the numerous adaptations of the Count Dracula character that have appeared in other film industries. This chapter considers examples of transnational film remakes, including the 1953 Turkish film Drakula İstanbul'da (Dracula in Istanbul), the 1957 Mexican film El Vampiro (The Vampire), and the 1967 Pakistani film Zinda Laash (The Living Corpse). Paying close attention to the variety of ways in which the character is utilised across different cultural contexts, this chapter interrogates the complex issues that this raises in relation to the dynamic interplay of global and local within international popular cinema.Less
Since the publication of Bram Stoker’s novel Dracula in 1897, the character of Count Dracula has proven to be eminently adaptable, appearing in various guises in over 300 feature films – from FW Murnau’s Nosferatu (1922) through to Dario Argento’s Dracula 3D (2012). As with other iconic characters such as Sherlock Holmes and Batman, Dracula has been freed from his roots in a source text and entered what Will Brooker describes as ‘the realm of the icon’. Yet, while there has been a considerable amount of scholarship on the canonical adaptations of Dracula produced in Hollywood, the UK and Germany, very little has been written on the numerous adaptations of the Count Dracula character that have appeared in other film industries. This chapter considers examples of transnational film remakes, including the 1953 Turkish film Drakula İstanbul'da (Dracula in Istanbul), the 1957 Mexican film El Vampiro (The Vampire), and the 1967 Pakistani film Zinda Laash (The Living Corpse). Paying close attention to the variety of ways in which the character is utilised across different cultural contexts, this chapter interrogates the complex issues that this raises in relation to the dynamic interplay of global and local within international popular cinema.
Thomas Russell
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198790525
- eISBN:
- 9780191831720
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198790525.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
A historical study of the city of Byzantium before the foundation of Constantinople, covering the period before the foundation of the city in the Archaic period and Constantine’s choice of the site ...
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A historical study of the city of Byzantium before the foundation of Constantinople, covering the period before the foundation of the city in the Archaic period and Constantine’s choice of the site for his new capital. This book explores the relationship between the city and the Bosporus strait, outlining how life along the Bosporus was shaped in a variety of ways by the waterway. In particular, it investigates the history of economic predation and taxation in the region, with a special focus on the Athenian Empire’s attitude to the strait and on the economic history of the region in the third century BC. Additionally, the book explores the local myths and traditions of the area, including foundation myths relating to the colonial history of the city, to create a cultural history of the city and of its Thracian neighbours. Finally, the book explores the local economic resources of the region, particularly the fishing industries of the Bosporus in antiquity. The result is a meditation on regional particularism, in which the pervasive impact of the Bosporus strait on the city of Byzantium throughout its history is revealed.Less
A historical study of the city of Byzantium before the foundation of Constantinople, covering the period before the foundation of the city in the Archaic period and Constantine’s choice of the site for his new capital. This book explores the relationship between the city and the Bosporus strait, outlining how life along the Bosporus was shaped in a variety of ways by the waterway. In particular, it investigates the history of economic predation and taxation in the region, with a special focus on the Athenian Empire’s attitude to the strait and on the economic history of the region in the third century BC. Additionally, the book explores the local myths and traditions of the area, including foundation myths relating to the colonial history of the city, to create a cultural history of the city and of its Thracian neighbours. Finally, the book explores the local economic resources of the region, particularly the fishing industries of the Bosporus in antiquity. The result is a meditation on regional particularism, in which the pervasive impact of the Bosporus strait on the city of Byzantium throughout its history is revealed.
Terence Walz and Kenneth M. Cuno
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774163982
- eISBN:
- 9781617970221
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774163982.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
As in Istanbul and Izmir, those on Crete practiced the religio-spiritual belief system known as zar/bori and celebrated a yearly “festival” in May that appears to mirror Izmir's festival in many ...
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As in Istanbul and Izmir, those on Crete practiced the religio-spiritual belief system known as zar/bori and celebrated a yearly “festival” in May that appears to mirror Izmir's festival in many respects. Trans-Saharan African slaves were for the most part acquired by Muslim owners, they were thus considered nominally Muslim and as a result they were, in the words of Esma Durugönül, statistically “non-existent”. The language used to describe trans-Saharan Africans in Ottoman (and modern) Turkish leads to additional problems. Nationalism has also rendered the study of trans-Saharan Africans in the late Ottoman Empire more difficult. It is presented in terms of southeastern Europe and western Anatolia, with a linear progression towards the rise of Atatürk and the modern Turkish Republic.Less
As in Istanbul and Izmir, those on Crete practiced the religio-spiritual belief system known as zar/bori and celebrated a yearly “festival” in May that appears to mirror Izmir's festival in many respects. Trans-Saharan African slaves were for the most part acquired by Muslim owners, they were thus considered nominally Muslim and as a result they were, in the words of Esma Durugönül, statistically “non-existent”. The language used to describe trans-Saharan Africans in Ottoman (and modern) Turkish leads to additional problems. Nationalism has also rendered the study of trans-Saharan Africans in the late Ottoman Empire more difficult. It is presented in terms of southeastern Europe and western Anatolia, with a linear progression towards the rise of Atatürk and the modern Turkish Republic.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226775050
- eISBN:
- 9780226775074
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226775074.003.0005
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
A new figure of intimacy made an appearance in Turkish popular culture in the mid-1990s: a melancholic wanderer contemplating the cityscape. This chapter focuses on particularly significant poem, ...
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A new figure of intimacy made an appearance in Turkish popular culture in the mid-1990s: a melancholic wanderer contemplating the cityscape. This chapter focuses on particularly significant poem, iconically connected with late Ottoman/early republican melancholy and wandering, that was set to music in the 1950s. It describes the reemergence of this musical setting in the 1990s, and two subsequent versions of the song by different people. The poem is Yahya Kemal Beyatlı's famous love lyric to the city, “Aziz İstanbul” (“Beloved Istanbul”).Less
A new figure of intimacy made an appearance in Turkish popular culture in the mid-1990s: a melancholic wanderer contemplating the cityscape. This chapter focuses on particularly significant poem, iconically connected with late Ottoman/early republican melancholy and wandering, that was set to music in the 1950s. It describes the reemergence of this musical setting in the 1990s, and two subsequent versions of the song by different people. The poem is Yahya Kemal Beyatlı's famous love lyric to the city, “Aziz İstanbul” (“Beloved Istanbul”).
Vladimir Braginsky
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265819
- eISBN:
- 9780191771972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265819.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
The Turkic–Turkish theme, a significant phenomenon of traditional Malay literature during its entire Islamic period (the fourteenth to nineteenth centuries), still remains a long-neglected subject in ...
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The Turkic–Turkish theme, a significant phenomenon of traditional Malay literature during its entire Islamic period (the fourteenth to nineteenth centuries), still remains a long-neglected subject in Malay studies. To start filling this gap, this chapter discusses the importance of this theme in Malay literature, offers a chronological–topical grouping of the relevant texts and presents a detailed survey of the earliest group of texts, dated from the late fourteenth to mid-seventeenth centuries. This group includes learned compositions, epic narratives and tales translated from Persian and Arabic, in which either Turkic characters figure or the action takes place in Istanbul. By associating the Turkic–Turkish theme with such issues as Islam, proselytism, holy war, Caliphate, and relations between the ruler and his subjects, these early, often fictitious, pieces of literature laid a foundation for the domination of political topics in the later, more deeply indigenised, groups of texts.Less
The Turkic–Turkish theme, a significant phenomenon of traditional Malay literature during its entire Islamic period (the fourteenth to nineteenth centuries), still remains a long-neglected subject in Malay studies. To start filling this gap, this chapter discusses the importance of this theme in Malay literature, offers a chronological–topical grouping of the relevant texts and presents a detailed survey of the earliest group of texts, dated from the late fourteenth to mid-seventeenth centuries. This group includes learned compositions, epic narratives and tales translated from Persian and Arabic, in which either Turkic characters figure or the action takes place in Istanbul. By associating the Turkic–Turkish theme with such issues as Islam, proselytism, holy war, Caliphate, and relations between the ruler and his subjects, these early, often fictitious, pieces of literature laid a foundation for the domination of political topics in the later, more deeply indigenised, groups of texts.
Mushirul Hasan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198063322
- eISBN:
- 9780199080502
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198063322.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter draws on some aspects of India’s colonial past to compare the trials and tribulations with that of Turkey. While they were markedly different, there were mutual influences shared by both ...
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This chapter draws on some aspects of India’s colonial past to compare the trials and tribulations with that of Turkey. While they were markedly different, there were mutual influences shared by both countries. Turkey was not a colony in the formal sense of the term; yet, its people, like the millions in India, were engaged in a life-and-death struggle from the time of the Balkan wars to the British occupation of Istanbul in March 1919. The pre-history of that occupation is considered in order to place Halide’s thoughts in perspective.Less
This chapter draws on some aspects of India’s colonial past to compare the trials and tribulations with that of Turkey. While they were markedly different, there were mutual influences shared by both countries. Turkey was not a colony in the formal sense of the term; yet, its people, like the millions in India, were engaged in a life-and-death struggle from the time of the Balkan wars to the British occupation of Istanbul in March 1919. The pre-history of that occupation is considered in order to place Halide’s thoughts in perspective.
Maureen Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804780155
- eISBN:
- 9780804785662
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804780155.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
Through Ottoman, Turkish, and Jewish music-making this cultural history illuminates a multiethnic Ottoman art world and its transformations across the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It ...
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Through Ottoman, Turkish, and Jewish music-making this cultural history illuminates a multiethnic Ottoman art world and its transformations across the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It explores cross-cultural flows often left out of histories focusing on Jewish communities in isolation, top-down political events, or national narratives. The genre under study, Maftirim music, is a paraliturgical sacred suite developing since the seventeenth century along with Ottoman court music. Based on oral histories and archival sources, the book frames music-making in terms of socio-economic practices actualized in urban space. It argues that, despite Turkish Jewish emigration and political adversities in the Republic, it was through alternative venues and ongoing relationships with traditionalist musicians that Maftirim music continues today. The study concludes with an investigation of changing modes of transmission of the music, asking questions about authenticity, originals, and masters, as the music is reconstructed through new technologies for new audiences.Less
Through Ottoman, Turkish, and Jewish music-making this cultural history illuminates a multiethnic Ottoman art world and its transformations across the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It explores cross-cultural flows often left out of histories focusing on Jewish communities in isolation, top-down political events, or national narratives. The genre under study, Maftirim music, is a paraliturgical sacred suite developing since the seventeenth century along with Ottoman court music. Based on oral histories and archival sources, the book frames music-making in terms of socio-economic practices actualized in urban space. It argues that, despite Turkish Jewish emigration and political adversities in the Republic, it was through alternative venues and ongoing relationships with traditionalist musicians that Maftirim music continues today. The study concludes with an investigation of changing modes of transmission of the music, asking questions about authenticity, originals, and masters, as the music is reconstructed through new technologies for new audiences.
