Lindsey Flewelling
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940452
- eISBN:
- 9781789629361
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940452.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Two Irelands beyond the Sea: Ulster Unionism and America, 1880-1920 uncovers the transnational movement by Ireland’s unionists as they worked to maintain the Union with Great Britain during the Home ...
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Two Irelands beyond the Sea: Ulster Unionism and America, 1880-1920 uncovers the transnational movement by Ireland’s unionists as they worked to maintain the Union with Great Britain during the Home Rule era of Irish history. Overshadowed by Irish-American nationalist relations, this transnational movement attempted to bridge the Atlantic to gain support for unionism from the United States. During the Home Rule era, unionists were anxious about Irish-American extremism, apprehensive of American involvement in the Irish question, and eagerly sought support for their own movement. Two Irelands beyond the Sea explores the political, social, religious, and ethnic connections between Irish unionists and the United States as unionists appealed to Americans for backing and reacted to Irish nationalism. The role of the United States in unionist political thought is also investigated, as unionists used American history, political systems, and Scotch-Irish ethnic traditions to bring legitimacy to their own movement. This examination drives the study of Irish unionism into a new arena, illustrating that Irish unionists were much more internationally-focused than generally portrayed. Two Irelands beyond the Sea challenges our understanding of Irish unionism by revealing the many ways in which unionists reached out to the United States, sought international support, and constructed their own image of America to legitimize the unionist movement.Less
Two Irelands beyond the Sea: Ulster Unionism and America, 1880-1920 uncovers the transnational movement by Ireland’s unionists as they worked to maintain the Union with Great Britain during the Home Rule era of Irish history. Overshadowed by Irish-American nationalist relations, this transnational movement attempted to bridge the Atlantic to gain support for unionism from the United States. During the Home Rule era, unionists were anxious about Irish-American extremism, apprehensive of American involvement in the Irish question, and eagerly sought support for their own movement. Two Irelands beyond the Sea explores the political, social, religious, and ethnic connections between Irish unionists and the United States as unionists appealed to Americans for backing and reacted to Irish nationalism. The role of the United States in unionist political thought is also investigated, as unionists used American history, political systems, and Scotch-Irish ethnic traditions to bring legitimacy to their own movement. This examination drives the study of Irish unionism into a new arena, illustrating that Irish unionists were much more internationally-focused than generally portrayed. Two Irelands beyond the Sea challenges our understanding of Irish unionism by revealing the many ways in which unionists reached out to the United States, sought international support, and constructed their own image of America to legitimize the unionist movement.
DAVID NOEL DOYLE
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199583744
- eISBN:
- 9780191702365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199583744.003.0024
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the history of Irish immigration to America during the period from 1845 to 1880, the pattern of which was, during this period, influenced by four major events. These include the ...
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This chapter examines the history of Irish immigration to America during the period from 1845 to 1880, the pattern of which was, during this period, influenced by four major events. These include the Great Famine, which led the more than a million Irish to migrate to America; the reduction in the protestant element in Irish America; the triumph of Irish nationalist ideology, which created an ethos of distinctiveness and techniques of group advancement; and America's rapid industrialisation, which provided new form and concentration to the expanded Irish migration.Less
This chapter examines the history of Irish immigration to America during the period from 1845 to 1880, the pattern of which was, during this period, influenced by four major events. These include the Great Famine, which led the more than a million Irish to migrate to America; the reduction in the protestant element in Irish America; the triumph of Irish nationalist ideology, which created an ethos of distinctiveness and techniques of group advancement; and America's rapid industrialisation, which provided new form and concentration to the expanded Irish migration.
Kerby A. Miller
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195055108
- eISBN:
- 9780199854219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195055108.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
This chapter examines ethnicity, its origins, development, and consequences, with specific reference to Irish immigration and Irish America. It emphasizes class differences among Irish immigrants to ...
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This chapter examines ethnicity, its origins, development, and consequences, with specific reference to Irish immigration and Irish America. It emphasizes class differences among Irish immigrants to explain both the dynamics of immigration and the resulting Irish-American culture. By 1900, Irish ethnic identity had achieved an ultimate synthesis: a “good Irish American” was at least one if not all of the following: a good Democrat, a practicing Catholic, a good family man or devoted wife and mother, in most cases a loyal union member, and nearly always at least a passive supporter of Ireland's “sacred cause.”Less
This chapter examines ethnicity, its origins, development, and consequences, with specific reference to Irish immigration and Irish America. It emphasizes class differences among Irish immigrants to explain both the dynamics of immigration and the resulting Irish-American culture. By 1900, Irish ethnic identity had achieved an ultimate synthesis: a “good Irish American” was at least one if not all of the following: a good Democrat, a practicing Catholic, a good family man or devoted wife and mother, in most cases a loyal union member, and nearly always at least a passive supporter of Ireland's “sacred cause.”
Lindsey Flewelling
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940452
- eISBN:
- 9781789629361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940452.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter provides a brief introduction to the two strands of history that intersect throughout Two Irelands beyond the Sea: the histories of Irish unionism and Irish-America. The chapter lays ...
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This chapter provides a brief introduction to the two strands of history that intersect throughout Two Irelands beyond the Sea: the histories of Irish unionism and Irish-America. The chapter lays forth the book’s central argument, that the reciprocal relationship between Irish unionism and the United States must be understood as part of a wider appreciation of the unionist movement in the Home Rule era. Moreover, the United States greatly influenced the ways in which Irish unionists conceived of themselves and of their own movement, through both their conflicted attempts to gain American support and their use of the United States and Scotch-Irish identity symbolically in their fight against Home Rule. The chapter also argues that the links between Protestant Irish-America and Ireland are a key part of understanding the development of Scotch-Irish ethnic organizations in this time period.Less
This chapter provides a brief introduction to the two strands of history that intersect throughout Two Irelands beyond the Sea: the histories of Irish unionism and Irish-America. The chapter lays forth the book’s central argument, that the reciprocal relationship between Irish unionism and the United States must be understood as part of a wider appreciation of the unionist movement in the Home Rule era. Moreover, the United States greatly influenced the ways in which Irish unionists conceived of themselves and of their own movement, through both their conflicted attempts to gain American support and their use of the United States and Scotch-Irish identity symbolically in their fight against Home Rule. The chapter also argues that the links between Protestant Irish-America and Ireland are a key part of understanding the development of Scotch-Irish ethnic organizations in this time period.
Lindsey Flewelling
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940452
- eISBN:
- 9781789629361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940452.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, Irish unionists increasingly associated Irish-America with violence and extremism. This chapter examines the relationship of Irish unionists and ...
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Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, Irish unionists increasingly associated Irish-America with violence and extremism. This chapter examines the relationship of Irish unionists and the United States in this era, as unionists denounced American funding of Irish nationalism, condemned Irish Parliamentary Party connections to violence and crime, and feared the threat of separatism. Unionists also emphasized the international appeal of their own movement as they attempted to draw support from the United States in their campaigns against Home Rule. This chapter concludes that the unionists’ approach to the United States was paradoxical and multifaceted, as they attempted to condemn Irish-American influence and extremism while at the same time seeking American aid for their own movement.Less
Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, Irish unionists increasingly associated Irish-America with violence and extremism. This chapter examines the relationship of Irish unionists and the United States in this era, as unionists denounced American funding of Irish nationalism, condemned Irish Parliamentary Party connections to violence and crime, and feared the threat of separatism. Unionists also emphasized the international appeal of their own movement as they attempted to draw support from the United States in their campaigns against Home Rule. This chapter concludes that the unionists’ approach to the United States was paradoxical and multifaceted, as they attempted to condemn Irish-American influence and extremism while at the same time seeking American aid for their own movement.
Lindsey Flewelling
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940452
- eISBN:
- 9781789629361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940452.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter analyses the third Home Rule crisis at the beginning of the twentieth century, as Irish unionism evolved to focus on a distinctive Ulster identity separate from the rest of Ireland. ...
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This chapter analyses the third Home Rule crisis at the beginning of the twentieth century, as Irish unionism evolved to focus on a distinctive Ulster identity separate from the rest of Ireland. Militancy was increasingly open, partially justified a violent image of Irish-America which the unionists themselves had created. Next, the chapter investigates the role of the United States in World War I-era Irish politics, which had the effect of increasing Ulster unionists’ sense that their loyalty to the British government had been betrayed. The unionist movement advanced during this period to become increasingly militant, focused in Ulster, and gradually accepting of partition. Unionists sought to discredit Irish-America and American government influence, and appeal to the American people to support their own movement.Less
This chapter analyses the third Home Rule crisis at the beginning of the twentieth century, as Irish unionism evolved to focus on a distinctive Ulster identity separate from the rest of Ireland. Militancy was increasingly open, partially justified a violent image of Irish-America which the unionists themselves had created. Next, the chapter investigates the role of the United States in World War I-era Irish politics, which had the effect of increasing Ulster unionists’ sense that their loyalty to the British government had been betrayed. The unionist movement advanced during this period to become increasingly militant, focused in Ulster, and gradually accepting of partition. Unionists sought to discredit Irish-America and American government influence, and appeal to the American people to support their own movement.
Lindsey Flewelling
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940452
- eISBN:
- 9781789629361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940452.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter surveys the immigration and identity formation of the Scotch-Irish in America during the nineteenth century. Two ethnic organizations, the Scotch-Irish Society of America and the Loyal ...
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This chapter surveys the immigration and identity formation of the Scotch-Irish in America during the nineteenth century. Two ethnic organizations, the Scotch-Irish Society of America and the Loyal Orange Institution of the United States, are analysed as windows to Scotch-Irish ties back to Ireland the involvement in the unionist cause. The chapter explores the ways in which the Scotch-Irish responded to Irish-American calls for Home Rule and independence, attempted to support the unionists, and remained connected to Ireland. The Scotch-Irish were influenced by and remained interested in conditions in Ireland. In addition, the Ulster Scots themselves were affected by the actions and legacy of the Scotch-Irish. They used Scotch-Irish ethnic heritage to help form their own “Ulsterman” identity, which was in turn utilized to unify the unionist movement.Less
This chapter surveys the immigration and identity formation of the Scotch-Irish in America during the nineteenth century. Two ethnic organizations, the Scotch-Irish Society of America and the Loyal Orange Institution of the United States, are analysed as windows to Scotch-Irish ties back to Ireland the involvement in the unionist cause. The chapter explores the ways in which the Scotch-Irish responded to Irish-American calls for Home Rule and independence, attempted to support the unionists, and remained connected to Ireland. The Scotch-Irish were influenced by and remained interested in conditions in Ireland. In addition, the Ulster Scots themselves were affected by the actions and legacy of the Scotch-Irish. They used Scotch-Irish ethnic heritage to help form their own “Ulsterman” identity, which was in turn utilized to unify the unionist movement.
Lindsey Flewelling
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940452
- eISBN:
- 9781789629361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940452.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines three transatlantic visits by unionist propagandists between 1886 and 1920. These visits emphasized the unionists’ concerns for the cultivation of Anglo-American friendship and ...
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This chapter examines three transatlantic visits by unionist propagandists between 1886 and 1920. These visits emphasized the unionists’ concerns for the cultivation of Anglo-American friendship and Protestant unity, as well as their focus on countering Irish-American influence. They hoped to foster the development of a transatlantic unionist community with resultant moral and financial support against Home Rule, and to diminish Irish-American nationalist credibility. These three cases reveal how the unionists marketed themselves while overseas, their approaches to the opposition of nationalist influence in America, and their views of the United States. These visits also show the pitfalls in the unionists’ American tactics which help to explain the limited success of their movement.Less
This chapter examines three transatlantic visits by unionist propagandists between 1886 and 1920. These visits emphasized the unionists’ concerns for the cultivation of Anglo-American friendship and Protestant unity, as well as their focus on countering Irish-American influence. They hoped to foster the development of a transatlantic unionist community with resultant moral and financial support against Home Rule, and to diminish Irish-American nationalist credibility. These three cases reveal how the unionists marketed themselves while overseas, their approaches to the opposition of nationalist influence in America, and their views of the United States. These visits also show the pitfalls in the unionists’ American tactics which help to explain the limited success of their movement.
Lindsey Flewelling
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940452
- eISBN:
- 9781789629361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940452.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The United States played a significant role in unionist political thought and rhetoric throughout the Home Rule era. Ulster unionists used American examples to emphasize the need to maintain unity ...
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The United States played a significant role in unionist political thought and rhetoric throughout the Home Rule era. Ulster unionists used American examples to emphasize the need to maintain unity between Great Britain and Ireland, and to provide historical justification for unionist actions. This chapter examines the ways in which the American Revolutionary War, Civil War, and Constitution were utilized in unionist rhetoric. Unionists drew upon these American historical and constitutional examples to highlight ethnic connections to the United States, underscore the failed obligations of the British government to fight to save the Union, and legitimize Ulster militancy.Less
The United States played a significant role in unionist political thought and rhetoric throughout the Home Rule era. Ulster unionists used American examples to emphasize the need to maintain unity between Great Britain and Ireland, and to provide historical justification for unionist actions. This chapter examines the ways in which the American Revolutionary War, Civil War, and Constitution were utilized in unionist rhetoric. Unionists drew upon these American historical and constitutional examples to highlight ethnic connections to the United States, underscore the failed obligations of the British government to fight to save the Union, and legitimize Ulster militancy.
Lindsey Flewelling
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940452
- eISBN:
- 9781789629361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940452.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Two Irelands beyond the Sea concludes with a brief examination of the continued relationship with Ulster unionists and the United States to the present day, determining that the inability of ...
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Two Irelands beyond the Sea concludes with a brief examination of the continued relationship with Ulster unionists and the United States to the present day, determining that the inability of unionists to effectively deal with the United States has roots in the Home Rule era. The Ulster unionists’ efforts at the turn of the twenty-first century echoed the problems and precedents of the anti-Home Rule campaign between 1880 and 1920. The chapter draws together the separate themes of the preceding chapters within the context of Irish unionist and Irish-American history. The book concludes by reinforcing the importance of the United States to Irish unionists, while emphasizing the inconsistencies and contradictions which limited the effectiveness of their appeal.Less
Two Irelands beyond the Sea concludes with a brief examination of the continued relationship with Ulster unionists and the United States to the present day, determining that the inability of unionists to effectively deal with the United States has roots in the Home Rule era. The Ulster unionists’ efforts at the turn of the twenty-first century echoed the problems and precedents of the anti-Home Rule campaign between 1880 and 1920. The chapter draws together the separate themes of the preceding chapters within the context of Irish unionist and Irish-American history. The book concludes by reinforcing the importance of the United States to Irish unionists, while emphasizing the inconsistencies and contradictions which limited the effectiveness of their appeal.
Kevin McNamara
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846312175
- eISBN:
- 9781846315893
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846315893
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The MacBride Principles contained nine affirmative action proposals aimed at eliminating religious discrimination in the employment practices of United States corporations with subsidiaries in ...
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The MacBride Principles contained nine affirmative action proposals aimed at eliminating religious discrimination in the employment practices of United States corporations with subsidiaries in Northern Ireland. The weapon used by the MacBride campaigners was the federal constitution of the United States. States and cities in the Union could pass their own corporate legislation incorporating the MacBride Principles and use their pension fund investments to table shareholder resolutions seeking the Principles' inclusion in employment policies. Later developments saw their application to US and foreign firms supplying goods and services to states and cities. Using devolved legislation, the MacBride Campaign broke the stranglehold on the discussion of Irish issues maintained by the US, UK and Irish governments in the Congress. It was debated in state legislatures and city councils. Irish-America was motivated to participate in a nonviolent campaign to achieve social justice in Northern Ireland. Supported by the United States government, there was a fierce reaction by the British government to the Principles. Its attempts to suppress them were unsuccessful.Less
The MacBride Principles contained nine affirmative action proposals aimed at eliminating religious discrimination in the employment practices of United States corporations with subsidiaries in Northern Ireland. The weapon used by the MacBride campaigners was the federal constitution of the United States. States and cities in the Union could pass their own corporate legislation incorporating the MacBride Principles and use their pension fund investments to table shareholder resolutions seeking the Principles' inclusion in employment policies. Later developments saw their application to US and foreign firms supplying goods and services to states and cities. Using devolved legislation, the MacBride Campaign broke the stranglehold on the discussion of Irish issues maintained by the US, UK and Irish governments in the Congress. It was debated in state legislatures and city councils. Irish-America was motivated to participate in a nonviolent campaign to achieve social justice in Northern Ireland. Supported by the United States government, there was a fierce reaction by the British government to the Principles. Its attempts to suppress them were unsuccessful.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846312175
- eISBN:
- 9781846315893
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846315893.005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter describes how the publication of the MacBride Principles placed the Irish government in a difficult position. The Irish government did not wish to antagonise the UK. It did not want the ...
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This chapter describes how the publication of the MacBride Principles placed the Irish government in a difficult position. The Irish government did not wish to antagonise the UK. It did not want the perception that it was, particularly covertly, encouraging support for the MacBride campaign. However, it could not ignore the moral implications of the MacBride campaign and its importance to Irish-America.Less
This chapter describes how the publication of the MacBride Principles placed the Irish government in a difficult position. The Irish government did not wish to antagonise the UK. It did not want the perception that it was, particularly covertly, encouraging support for the MacBride campaign. However, it could not ignore the moral implications of the MacBride campaign and its importance to Irish-America.
TD Dermot Ahern
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719087936
- eISBN:
- 9781781707616
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087936.003.0014
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter reflects a key phase in the Northern Ireland peace process. It addresses the next steps that would need to be taken to pave the way for true reconciliation. It reflects on three ...
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This chapter reflects a key phase in the Northern Ireland peace process. It addresses the next steps that would need to be taken to pave the way for true reconciliation. It reflects on three important issues; building prosperity; tackling sectarianism; and ensuring that the peace process must leave no one behind.Less
This chapter reflects a key phase in the Northern Ireland peace process. It addresses the next steps that would need to be taken to pave the way for true reconciliation. It reflects on three important issues; building prosperity; tackling sectarianism; and ensuring that the peace process must leave no one behind.
Gavin Wilk
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719091667
- eISBN:
- 9781781707722
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091667.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
The militant Irish republican movement in America witnessed a difficult period from 1923 to 1926. Once the IRA failed in its efforts to debilitate the new Irish Free State through military action, ...
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The militant Irish republican movement in America witnessed a difficult period from 1923 to 1926. Once the IRA failed in its efforts to debilitate the new Irish Free State through military action, the militant dimension of Irish republicanism became suddenly exposed. This chapter examines the state of the militant republican movement in the United States from the end of the Irish Civil War to a transatlantic agreement in 1926 that aligned the IRA and Clan na Gael. Attention is paid to the historical dynamics of the Clan including the leading role of Philadelphia republican Joseph McGarrity in the Clan, Éamon de Valera’s failure in uniting the political and militant Irish republican forces of Irish-America, and the burgeoning relationship between the IRA and the Clan na Gael.Less
The militant Irish republican movement in America witnessed a difficult period from 1923 to 1926. Once the IRA failed in its efforts to debilitate the new Irish Free State through military action, the militant dimension of Irish republicanism became suddenly exposed. This chapter examines the state of the militant republican movement in the United States from the end of the Irish Civil War to a transatlantic agreement in 1926 that aligned the IRA and Clan na Gael. Attention is paid to the historical dynamics of the Clan including the leading role of Philadelphia republican Joseph McGarrity in the Clan, Éamon de Valera’s failure in uniting the political and militant Irish republican forces of Irish-America, and the burgeoning relationship between the IRA and the Clan na Gael.
Emily Mark-Fitzgerald
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781846318986
- eISBN:
- 9781781380949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781846318986.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter surveys a range of community commemorations in Northern Ireland, England, Scotland, Canada and the United States that constitute smaller scale, vernacular counterparts to officially ...
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This chapter surveys a range of community commemorations in Northern Ireland, England, Scotland, Canada and the United States that constitute smaller scale, vernacular counterparts to officially sanctioned (and nationally scaled) monumental projects. Whether navigating volatile commemorative geographies marked by sectarian divisions; editing and refashioning traditional monumental forms like the high cross or megalithic stones; or indulging in fictive melodrama through bronze figurative groups – diasporic monuments reveal a surprising continuity with nineteenth-century methods of visualising Famine, substituting the heroic for the ugly, optimism for despair, sentimentality for horror. Adopting a transnational approach, the survey and case studies of this chapter demonstrate how Famine memorials bear a striking resemblance to one another and share a repetitive, often romanticized visual vocabulary, as well as strong threads of interconnection that bind monuments across three continents to one another. Though the rallying cry ‘Remember the Famine’ unites these memorials, their form indicates that questions of what diasporic Famine memory actually is and why it should be remembered remain far from consensual.Less
This chapter surveys a range of community commemorations in Northern Ireland, England, Scotland, Canada and the United States that constitute smaller scale, vernacular counterparts to officially sanctioned (and nationally scaled) monumental projects. Whether navigating volatile commemorative geographies marked by sectarian divisions; editing and refashioning traditional monumental forms like the high cross or megalithic stones; or indulging in fictive melodrama through bronze figurative groups – diasporic monuments reveal a surprising continuity with nineteenth-century methods of visualising Famine, substituting the heroic for the ugly, optimism for despair, sentimentality for horror. Adopting a transnational approach, the survey and case studies of this chapter demonstrate how Famine memorials bear a striking resemblance to one another and share a repetitive, often romanticized visual vocabulary, as well as strong threads of interconnection that bind monuments across three continents to one another. Though the rallying cry ‘Remember the Famine’ unites these memorials, their form indicates that questions of what diasporic Famine memory actually is and why it should be remembered remain far from consensual.
Paul Huddie
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781781382547
- eISBN:
- 9781786945464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781382547.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter will show that the Crimean War was perhaps the most positive chapter in Ireland’s nineteenth century history of governance, agitation and conspiracy and society’s relationship with the ...
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This chapter will show that the Crimean War was perhaps the most positive chapter in Ireland’s nineteenth century history of governance, agitation and conspiracy and society’s relationship with the executive. It will do this by illustrating that between the Famine and the rise of the IRB Irish people demonstrated an aversion for political upheavals, and that this was especially manifest during the Russian campaign. This will be shown to have stemmed from several factors, including a lack of external support and internal organisation, which ensured that there could be no nationalist response comparable to the Great War in the case of those involved in the Easter Rising. It will also be shown that, due to the rampant anti-British rhetoric and apparent active preparations of Irish-Americans to invade Ireland, precautions were taken the British government in Ireland – Dublin Castle. A specific policy was pursued in order to ensure that nothing disturbed what was deemed by the Irish authorities to be a prosperous, loyal and peaceful country. Finally, it will be shown that those positive attributes were also eagerly fostered and encouraged by the lord lieutenant of Ireland, through speeches, visits to invalided Irish soldiers and orchestration of a national banquet.Less
This chapter will show that the Crimean War was perhaps the most positive chapter in Ireland’s nineteenth century history of governance, agitation and conspiracy and society’s relationship with the executive. It will do this by illustrating that between the Famine and the rise of the IRB Irish people demonstrated an aversion for political upheavals, and that this was especially manifest during the Russian campaign. This will be shown to have stemmed from several factors, including a lack of external support and internal organisation, which ensured that there could be no nationalist response comparable to the Great War in the case of those involved in the Easter Rising. It will also be shown that, due to the rampant anti-British rhetoric and apparent active preparations of Irish-Americans to invade Ireland, precautions were taken the British government in Ireland – Dublin Castle. A specific policy was pursued in order to ensure that nothing disturbed what was deemed by the Irish authorities to be a prosperous, loyal and peaceful country. Finally, it will be shown that those positive attributes were also eagerly fostered and encouraged by the lord lieutenant of Ireland, through speeches, visits to invalided Irish soldiers and orchestration of a national banquet.
Brian Fox
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198814023
- eISBN:
- 9780191869822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198814023.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This chapter focuses on Joyce and Irish America. It argues that the phenomenon of Irish emigration to the United States, particularly in the post-Famine period, transformed the culture and society of ...
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This chapter focuses on Joyce and Irish America. It argues that the phenomenon of Irish emigration to the United States, particularly in the post-Famine period, transformed the culture and society of Ireland in ways in which Joyce was responsive in his writings. The chapter begins with an overview of connections between Ireland and America in the post-Famine period. It then moves on to a discussion of Joyce’s concept of that history as it is expressed in his so-called ‘Triestine writings’ (1907–12). Clear and specific allusions to Irish America are rare in Dubliners, A Portrait, and Ulysses, so the discussion jumps to Finnegans Wake and the significance of Irish America to several key features and characters in that work. It concludes with an analysis of Joyce’s correspondence in the mid-1930s with his son Giorgio as the latter pursued a music career in the United States.Less
This chapter focuses on Joyce and Irish America. It argues that the phenomenon of Irish emigration to the United States, particularly in the post-Famine period, transformed the culture and society of Ireland in ways in which Joyce was responsive in his writings. The chapter begins with an overview of connections between Ireland and America in the post-Famine period. It then moves on to a discussion of Joyce’s concept of that history as it is expressed in his so-called ‘Triestine writings’ (1907–12). Clear and specific allusions to Irish America are rare in Dubliners, A Portrait, and Ulysses, so the discussion jumps to Finnegans Wake and the significance of Irish America to several key features and characters in that work. It concludes with an analysis of Joyce’s correspondence in the mid-1930s with his son Giorgio as the latter pursued a music career in the United States.
Gerard Keown
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198745129
- eISBN:
- 9780191806063
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198745129.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
The emerging Sinn Féin worldview on Ireland’s place in the international order is examined in Chapter 3. Overlapping ideas of the country’s identity combined the role of mother country to a global ...
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The emerging Sinn Féin worldview on Ireland’s place in the international order is examined in Chapter 3. Overlapping ideas of the country’s identity combined the role of mother country to a global diaspora with that of small European state and Anglophone Catholic power. Irish nationalists were drawn to the emerging internationalist thinking that shaped the post-war settlement and strove to establish an international rationale for Irish independence based on the concepts of self-determination and freedom of the seas. They also saw themselves as having a leadership role for Egyptians, Indians, and other nationalities within the British Empire. A complex relationship with Irish America revealed the strengths and the limitations of Irish ability to influence events. These competing ideas were suffused with the notion of a moral foreign policy; that an Irish voice in world affairs would be an honest voice, free from the agendas of others.Less
The emerging Sinn Féin worldview on Ireland’s place in the international order is examined in Chapter 3. Overlapping ideas of the country’s identity combined the role of mother country to a global diaspora with that of small European state and Anglophone Catholic power. Irish nationalists were drawn to the emerging internationalist thinking that shaped the post-war settlement and strove to establish an international rationale for Irish independence based on the concepts of self-determination and freedom of the seas. They also saw themselves as having a leadership role for Egyptians, Indians, and other nationalities within the British Empire. A complex relationship with Irish America revealed the strengths and the limitations of Irish ability to influence events. These competing ideas were suffused with the notion of a moral foreign policy; that an Irish voice in world affairs would be an honest voice, free from the agendas of others.
