Allan W. Austin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037047
- eISBN:
- 9780252094156
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037047.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This is the first extensive study of the American Friends Service Committee's interracial activism in the first half of the twentieth century, filling a major gap in scholarship on the Quakers' race ...
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This is the first extensive study of the American Friends Service Committee's interracial activism in the first half of the twentieth century, filling a major gap in scholarship on the Quakers' race relations work from the AFSC's founding in 1917 to the beginnings of the civil rights movement in the early 1950s. The book tracks the evolution of key AFSC projects, such as the Interracial Section and the American Interracial Peace Committee, that demonstrate the tentativeness of the Friends' activism in the 1920s, as well as efforts in the 1930s to make scholarly ideas and activist work more theologically relevant for Friends. Documenting the AFSC's efforts to help European and Japanese American refugees during World War II, the book shows that by 1950, Quakers in the AFSC had honed a distinctly Friendly approach to interracial relations that combined scholarly understandings of race with their religious views. Highlighting the complicated and sometimes controversial connections between Quakers and race during this era, the book uncovers important aspects of the history of Friends, pacifism, feminism, American religion, immigration, ethnicity, and the early roots of multiculturalism.Less
This is the first extensive study of the American Friends Service Committee's interracial activism in the first half of the twentieth century, filling a major gap in scholarship on the Quakers' race relations work from the AFSC's founding in 1917 to the beginnings of the civil rights movement in the early 1950s. The book tracks the evolution of key AFSC projects, such as the Interracial Section and the American Interracial Peace Committee, that demonstrate the tentativeness of the Friends' activism in the 1920s, as well as efforts in the 1930s to make scholarly ideas and activist work more theologically relevant for Friends. Documenting the AFSC's efforts to help European and Japanese American refugees during World War II, the book shows that by 1950, Quakers in the AFSC had honed a distinctly Friendly approach to interracial relations that combined scholarly understandings of race with their religious views. Highlighting the complicated and sometimes controversial connections between Quakers and race during this era, the book uncovers important aspects of the history of Friends, pacifism, feminism, American religion, immigration, ethnicity, and the early roots of multiculturalism.
Tomoe Kumojima
- Published in print:
- 2022
- Published Online:
- December 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198871439
- eISBN:
- 9780191914317
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198871439.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, World Literature
Victorian Women’s Travel Writing on Meiji Japan: Hospitable Friendship explores real-life instances and literary manifestations of cross-cultural friendship between Victorian female travellers and ...
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Victorian Women’s Travel Writing on Meiji Japan: Hospitable Friendship explores real-life instances and literary manifestations of cross-cultural friendship between Victorian female travellers and Meiji Japanese, examining its ethico-political significance against the backdrop of British ‘New Imperialism’. Shifting critical focus from the individualist model of subjectivity to affective relationality, Tomoe Kumojima conceptualizes the female travellers’ open subjectivity as hospitable friendship and argues that femininity proves to be an asset in their praxis of more equitable cross-cultural contact in non-colonial Japan. Political affordances of literature are the book’s overarching thread. Kumojima opens new archives of unpublished correspondence and typescripts and introduces contemporary Japanese literature hitherto unavailable in English, shedding a refreshing light on the works of Isabella Bird, Mary Crawford Fraser, and Marie Stopes. The book traverses the themes of identity fluidity, literary afterlife, international female solidarity, literary diplomacy, cross-racial heterosexual intimacy, and cross-gender friendship. It traces the shifts in the representation of Japan in Victorian discourses prompted by Britain’s colonial management, Japan’s successful modernization, the Anglo-Japanese bilateral relationship, and global geopolitics, demonstrating how the women travellers complicated and challenged Oriental stereotypes and imperial binaries by creating counter-discourses through their literary activities. Kumojima also offers parallel narratives of three Meiji female pioneers in Britain and burgeoning transnational feminist alliances. The book addresses the absence of Japan in discussions of the British Empire in the field of literary studies and that of women and female agency in the male-dominated historiography of the Anglo-Japanese relationship.Less
Victorian Women’s Travel Writing on Meiji Japan: Hospitable Friendship explores real-life instances and literary manifestations of cross-cultural friendship between Victorian female travellers and Meiji Japanese, examining its ethico-political significance against the backdrop of British ‘New Imperialism’. Shifting critical focus from the individualist model of subjectivity to affective relationality, Tomoe Kumojima conceptualizes the female travellers’ open subjectivity as hospitable friendship and argues that femininity proves to be an asset in their praxis of more equitable cross-cultural contact in non-colonial Japan. Political affordances of literature are the book’s overarching thread. Kumojima opens new archives of unpublished correspondence and typescripts and introduces contemporary Japanese literature hitherto unavailable in English, shedding a refreshing light on the works of Isabella Bird, Mary Crawford Fraser, and Marie Stopes. The book traverses the themes of identity fluidity, literary afterlife, international female solidarity, literary diplomacy, cross-racial heterosexual intimacy, and cross-gender friendship. It traces the shifts in the representation of Japan in Victorian discourses prompted by Britain’s colonial management, Japan’s successful modernization, the Anglo-Japanese bilateral relationship, and global geopolitics, demonstrating how the women travellers complicated and challenged Oriental stereotypes and imperial binaries by creating counter-discourses through their literary activities. Kumojima also offers parallel narratives of three Meiji female pioneers in Britain and burgeoning transnational feminist alliances. The book addresses the absence of Japan in discussions of the British Empire in the field of literary studies and that of women and female agency in the male-dominated historiography of the Anglo-Japanese relationship.
Ariane Cruz
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781479809288
- eISBN:
- 9781479899425
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479809288.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
The Color of Kink explores black women's representations and performances within American pornography and BDSM (bondage and discipline, domination and submission, and sadism and masochism) from the ...
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The Color of Kink explores black women's representations and performances within American pornography and BDSM (bondage and discipline, domination and submission, and sadism and masochism) from the 1930s to the present, revealing the ways in which they illustrate a complex and contradictory negotiation of pain, pleasure, and power for black women. Based on personal interviews conducted with pornography performers, producers, and professional dominatrices, visual and textual analysis, and extensive archival research, Ariane Cruz reveals BDSM and pornography as critical sites from which to rethink the formative links between Black female sexuality and violence. She explores how violence becomes not just a vehicle of pleasure but also a mode of accessing and contesting power. Drawing on feminist and queer theory, critical race theory, and media studies, Cruz argues that BDSM is a productive space from which to consider the complexity and diverseness of black women's sexual practice and the mutability of black female sexuality. Illuminating the cross-pollination of black sexuality and BDSM, The Color of Kink makes a unique contribution to the growing scholarship on racialized sexuality, pornography, and sexual cultures.Less
The Color of Kink explores black women's representations and performances within American pornography and BDSM (bondage and discipline, domination and submission, and sadism and masochism) from the 1930s to the present, revealing the ways in which they illustrate a complex and contradictory negotiation of pain, pleasure, and power for black women. Based on personal interviews conducted with pornography performers, producers, and professional dominatrices, visual and textual analysis, and extensive archival research, Ariane Cruz reveals BDSM and pornography as critical sites from which to rethink the formative links between Black female sexuality and violence. She explores how violence becomes not just a vehicle of pleasure but also a mode of accessing and contesting power. Drawing on feminist and queer theory, critical race theory, and media studies, Cruz argues that BDSM is a productive space from which to consider the complexity and diverseness of black women's sexual practice and the mutability of black female sexuality. Illuminating the cross-pollination of black sexuality and BDSM, The Color of Kink makes a unique contribution to the growing scholarship on racialized sexuality, pornography, and sexual cultures.
Chinyere K. Osuji
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479878611
- eISBN:
- 9781479855490
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479878611.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
How do interracial couples negotiate ethnoracial boundaries? Boundaries of Love: Interracial Marriage from the United States to Brazil takes a novel approach to answering this question by examining ...
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How do interracial couples negotiate ethnoracial boundaries? Boundaries of Love: Interracial Marriage from the United States to Brazil takes a novel approach to answering this question by examining how contemporary black-white couples make sense of ethnoracial boundaries in their lives. Based on over 100 qualitative interviews with husbands and wives in black-white couples in Los Angeles and Rio de Janeiro, Boundaries of Love unpacks the cultural repertoires of race-mixing in these two post-Atlantic slavery societies and shows how different approaches to race mixture - celebrated in Brazil versus illegal for much of U.S. history - influence the meanings that contemporary interracial couples give to their lives and social interactions.
Employing an innovative “critical constructivist” approach to race and ethnicity, Boundaries of Love compares the experiences of couples involving black men and white women with those of black women with white men in these two diverse, multicultural settings. It reveals the influence of ethnoracial boundaries on: dating preferences throughout the life course in their “romantic career;” comparisons between their own racial identity and how their spouse sees their blackness or whiteness; how parents identify their children and its implications for affirmative action eligibility; how white families handle the introduction of a black in-law; and the compromises couples make spending time together in public. Through its fresh qualitative comparative approach, Boundaries of Love provides a unique perspective on racial dynamics in the United States and Brazil and clearly illuminates the familiar adage that race is a social construction.Less
How do interracial couples negotiate ethnoracial boundaries? Boundaries of Love: Interracial Marriage from the United States to Brazil takes a novel approach to answering this question by examining how contemporary black-white couples make sense of ethnoracial boundaries in their lives. Based on over 100 qualitative interviews with husbands and wives in black-white couples in Los Angeles and Rio de Janeiro, Boundaries of Love unpacks the cultural repertoires of race-mixing in these two post-Atlantic slavery societies and shows how different approaches to race mixture - celebrated in Brazil versus illegal for much of U.S. history - influence the meanings that contemporary interracial couples give to their lives and social interactions.
Employing an innovative “critical constructivist” approach to race and ethnicity, Boundaries of Love compares the experiences of couples involving black men and white women with those of black women with white men in these two diverse, multicultural settings. It reveals the influence of ethnoracial boundaries on: dating preferences throughout the life course in their “romantic career;” comparisons between their own racial identity and how their spouse sees their blackness or whiteness; how parents identify their children and its implications for affirmative action eligibility; how white families handle the introduction of a black in-law; and the compromises couples make spending time together in public. Through its fresh qualitative comparative approach, Boundaries of Love provides a unique perspective on racial dynamics in the United States and Brazil and clearly illuminates the familiar adage that race is a social construction.
Deborah Gray White
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040900
- eISBN:
- 9780252099403
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040900.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
“Lost in the USA: American Identity from the Promise Keepers to the Million Mom March” is a book about Americans’ search for personal tranquility at the turn of the twenty-first century. It argues ...
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“Lost in the USA: American Identity from the Promise Keepers to the Million Mom March” is a book about Americans’ search for personal tranquility at the turn of the twenty-first century. It argues that beneath the surface of prosperity and peace, ordinary Americans were struggling to adjust and adapt to the forces of postmodernity – immigration, multiculturalism, feminism, globalization, deindustrialization – which were radically changing the way Americans understood themselves and each other. Using the Promise Keepers (1991-2000), the Million Man March (1995), the Million Woman March (1997), the LGBT Marches (1993 and 2000), and the Million Mom March (2000) as a prism through which to analyze the era, “Lost in the USA” reveals the massive shifts occurring in American culture, shows how these shifts troubled many Americans, what they resolved to do about them, and how the forces of postmodernity transformed the identities of some Americans. It reveals that the mass gatherings of the 1990s were therapeutic places where people did not just express their identity but where they sought new identities. It shows that the mass gatherings reveal much about coalition building, interracial worship, parenting, and marriage and family relationships. Because its approach is historical it also addresses the continuing processes of millennialism, modernism and American identity formation.Less
“Lost in the USA: American Identity from the Promise Keepers to the Million Mom March” is a book about Americans’ search for personal tranquility at the turn of the twenty-first century. It argues that beneath the surface of prosperity and peace, ordinary Americans were struggling to adjust and adapt to the forces of postmodernity – immigration, multiculturalism, feminism, globalization, deindustrialization – which were radically changing the way Americans understood themselves and each other. Using the Promise Keepers (1991-2000), the Million Man March (1995), the Million Woman March (1997), the LGBT Marches (1993 and 2000), and the Million Mom March (2000) as a prism through which to analyze the era, “Lost in the USA” reveals the massive shifts occurring in American culture, shows how these shifts troubled many Americans, what they resolved to do about them, and how the forces of postmodernity transformed the identities of some Americans. It reveals that the mass gatherings of the 1990s were therapeutic places where people did not just express their identity but where they sought new identities. It shows that the mass gatherings reveal much about coalition building, interracial worship, parenting, and marriage and family relationships. Because its approach is historical it also addresses the continuing processes of millennialism, modernism and American identity formation.
Sherie M. Randolph
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469623917
- eISBN:
- 9781469625119
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469623917.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter examines Flo Kennedy’s leadership in creating a black feminist movement to challenge the critical linkages between all forms of oppression, especially racism and sexism. By 1972, while ...
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This chapter examines Flo Kennedy’s leadership in creating a black feminist movement to challenge the critical linkages between all forms of oppression, especially racism and sexism. By 1972, while she was excited about the growth of the predominantly white feminist movement, she was also profoundly disappointed that the struggle still did not fully embrace a black feminist position and make challenging racism as well as sexism central to its political agenda. Thus, Kennedy worked to create interracial feminist organizations that emphasized a black feminist praxis. Her activism during this period was central to building a women’s movement that included women of all races as well as an independent black feminist movement. To Kennedy’s thinking, Shirley Chisholm’s quest for the presidential nomination was the perfect opportunity for white feminists to build an alliance and support a black feminist politics. In 1971 she created the Feminist Party in hopes of bringing together an inclusive group of feminists to support not simply the candidacy of the black congresswoman but black feminism more generally. Equally interested in advancing black feminist praxis, she worked to create the National Black Feminist Organization in 1973 and pushed black women to form their own autonomous black feminist movement.Less
This chapter examines Flo Kennedy’s leadership in creating a black feminist movement to challenge the critical linkages between all forms of oppression, especially racism and sexism. By 1972, while she was excited about the growth of the predominantly white feminist movement, she was also profoundly disappointed that the struggle still did not fully embrace a black feminist position and make challenging racism as well as sexism central to its political agenda. Thus, Kennedy worked to create interracial feminist organizations that emphasized a black feminist praxis. Her activism during this period was central to building a women’s movement that included women of all races as well as an independent black feminist movement. To Kennedy’s thinking, Shirley Chisholm’s quest for the presidential nomination was the perfect opportunity for white feminists to build an alliance and support a black feminist politics. In 1971 she created the Feminist Party in hopes of bringing together an inclusive group of feminists to support not simply the candidacy of the black congresswoman but black feminism more generally. Equally interested in advancing black feminist praxis, she worked to create the National Black Feminist Organization in 1973 and pushed black women to form their own autonomous black feminist movement.
David P. Cline
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469630434
- eISBN:
- 9781469630458
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630434.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
The Student Interracial Ministry (SIM) was a seminary-based, nationally influential Protestant civil rights organization that drew on the Social Gospel and Student Christian Movement traditions to ...
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The Student Interracial Ministry (SIM) was a seminary-based, nationally influential Protestant civil rights organization that drew on the Social Gospel and Student Christian Movement traditions to simultaneously dismantle Jim Crow and advance Prorestant mainline churches’ approach to race. Entirely student-led and always ecumenical in scope, SIM began in 1960 with the tactic of placing black assistant pastors in white churches and whites in black churches with the goal of achieving racial reconciliation. In its later years, before it disbanded in mid-1968, SIM moved away from church structures, engaging directly in political and economic movements, inner-city ministry and development projects, and college and seminary teaching. In each of these areas, SIM participants attempted to live out German theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer's exhortation to “bring the church into the world.”
From Reconciliation to Revolution demonstrates that the civil rights movement, in both its “classic” phase from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s and its longer phase stretching over most of the twentieth century, was imbued with religious faith and its expression. It treats the classic phase of the civil rights movement as one manifestation of a theme of Liberal Protestant interracial reform that runs through the century, illustrating that liberal religious activists of the 1960s drew on a tradition of Protestant interracial reform, building on and sometimes reinventing the work of their progenitors earlier in the century to apply their understanding of the Gospel’s imperative to heal the injustices of the modern world.Less
The Student Interracial Ministry (SIM) was a seminary-based, nationally influential Protestant civil rights organization that drew on the Social Gospel and Student Christian Movement traditions to simultaneously dismantle Jim Crow and advance Prorestant mainline churches’ approach to race. Entirely student-led and always ecumenical in scope, SIM began in 1960 with the tactic of placing black assistant pastors in white churches and whites in black churches with the goal of achieving racial reconciliation. In its later years, before it disbanded in mid-1968, SIM moved away from church structures, engaging directly in political and economic movements, inner-city ministry and development projects, and college and seminary teaching. In each of these areas, SIM participants attempted to live out German theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer's exhortation to “bring the church into the world.”
From Reconciliation to Revolution demonstrates that the civil rights movement, in both its “classic” phase from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s and its longer phase stretching over most of the twentieth century, was imbued with religious faith and its expression. It treats the classic phase of the civil rights movement as one manifestation of a theme of Liberal Protestant interracial reform that runs through the century, illustrating that liberal religious activists of the 1960s drew on a tradition of Protestant interracial reform, building on and sometimes reinventing the work of their progenitors earlier in the century to apply their understanding of the Gospel’s imperative to heal the injustices of the modern world.
Marlene L. Daut
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381847
- eISBN:
- 9781781382394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381847.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Examines the Louisiana-born Victor Séjour’s short story, ‘Le Mulâtre’ (1837), as a primary example of the ways in which debates over the effects of “racial mixing” were mediated simultaneously ...
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Examines the Louisiana-born Victor Séjour’s short story, ‘Le Mulâtre’ (1837), as a primary example of the ways in which debates over the effects of “racial mixing” were mediated simultaneously through the image of the tragic “mulatto/a” and the Haitian Revolution. Rather than celebrating the desire of the slaves to achieve freedom at any cost, Séjour’s narrative laments the psychosocial consequences of such a parricidal revolution, suggesting that slavery and “miscegenation” were ultimately responsible for the corruption, degradation, and eventual destruction of the family.Less
Examines the Louisiana-born Victor Séjour’s short story, ‘Le Mulâtre’ (1837), as a primary example of the ways in which debates over the effects of “racial mixing” were mediated simultaneously through the image of the tragic “mulatto/a” and the Haitian Revolution. Rather than celebrating the desire of the slaves to achieve freedom at any cost, Séjour’s narrative laments the psychosocial consequences of such a parricidal revolution, suggesting that slavery and “miscegenation” were ultimately responsible for the corruption, degradation, and eventual destruction of the family.
Marlene L. Daut
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381847
- eISBN:
- 9781781382394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381847.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter considers the French abolitionist Alphonse de Lamartine’s verse drama, Toussaint Louverture (1850), showing how writing that narrates the life of Louverture as not simply a ‘colonial ...
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This chapter considers the French abolitionist Alphonse de Lamartine’s verse drama, Toussaint Louverture (1850), showing how writing that narrates the life of Louverture as not simply a ‘colonial family romance,’ but as an “interracial” family romance further demonstrates anxieties about the psychological effects of the plantation system. Attempts to explain Louverture’s life using a grammar beholden to the “mulatto/a” vengeance narrative, and especially that of the tragic “mulatto/a,” suggests that the epistemological problems created by slavery and revolution engendered an Oedipal tendency in people of color who, in the revolutionary hour, might either symbolically or literally occasion the death of their parents and vice versa when faced with a choice between their family and the nation.Less
This chapter considers the French abolitionist Alphonse de Lamartine’s verse drama, Toussaint Louverture (1850), showing how writing that narrates the life of Louverture as not simply a ‘colonial family romance,’ but as an “interracial” family romance further demonstrates anxieties about the psychological effects of the plantation system. Attempts to explain Louverture’s life using a grammar beholden to the “mulatto/a” vengeance narrative, and especially that of the tragic “mulatto/a,” suggests that the epistemological problems created by slavery and revolution engendered an Oedipal tendency in people of color who, in the revolutionary hour, might either symbolically or literally occasion the death of their parents and vice versa when faced with a choice between their family and the nation.
John Hayes
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469635323
- eISBN:
- 9781469635330
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635323.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This close analysis of faith and class shows that in the early 20th century South, poor whites and poor blacks exchanged songs, tales, lore, material display, and proverbs with each other, forging a ...
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This close analysis of faith and class shows that in the early 20th century South, poor whites and poor blacks exchanged songs, tales, lore, material display, and proverbs with each other, forging a shared religious vision and learning from each other about what it meant to live as Christians in a world of severe struggle. Beneath the well-documented religious forms of the New South’s “Bible Belt”, this folk Christianity spoke from the margins of capitalist development, giving voice to modern phenomena like alienation and disenchantment. Through haunting songs of death, mystical tales of conversion, grassroots sacramental displays, and an ethic of neighborliness, impoverished folk Christians looked for the sacred in their midst and affirmed the value of this life in this world. From Tom Watson and W.E.B. Du Bois over a century ago to political commentators today, many have ruminated on how, despite material commonalities, the poor of the South have been perennially divided by racism. Through its excavation of a folk Christianity of the poor that fused strands of African and European tradition into a new synthesis, this book recovers a historically contingent moment of interracial exchange.Less
This close analysis of faith and class shows that in the early 20th century South, poor whites and poor blacks exchanged songs, tales, lore, material display, and proverbs with each other, forging a shared religious vision and learning from each other about what it meant to live as Christians in a world of severe struggle. Beneath the well-documented religious forms of the New South’s “Bible Belt”, this folk Christianity spoke from the margins of capitalist development, giving voice to modern phenomena like alienation and disenchantment. Through haunting songs of death, mystical tales of conversion, grassroots sacramental displays, and an ethic of neighborliness, impoverished folk Christians looked for the sacred in their midst and affirmed the value of this life in this world. From Tom Watson and W.E.B. Du Bois over a century ago to political commentators today, many have ruminated on how, despite material commonalities, the poor of the South have been perennially divided by racism. Through its excavation of a folk Christianity of the poor that fused strands of African and European tradition into a new synthesis, this book recovers a historically contingent moment of interracial exchange.
Courtney Elizabeth Knapp
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469637273
- eISBN:
- 9781469637297
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469637273.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
What can local histories of interracial conflict and collaboration teach us about the potential for urban equity and social justice in the future? Courtney Elizabeth Knapp chronicles the politics of ...
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What can local histories of interracial conflict and collaboration teach us about the potential for urban equity and social justice in the future? Courtney Elizabeth Knapp chronicles the politics of gentrification and culture-based development in Chattanooga, Tennessee, by tracing the roots of racism, spatial segregation, and mainstream “cosmopolitanism” back to the earliest encounters between the Cherokee, African Americans, and white settlers. For more than three centuries, Chattanooga has been a site for multiracial interaction and community building; yet today public leaders have simultaneously restricted and appropriated many contributions of working-class communities of color within the city, exacerbating inequality and distrust between neighbors and public officials. Knapp suggests that “diasporic placemaking”—defined as the everyday practices through which uprooted people create new communities of security and belonging—is a useful analytical frame for understanding how multiracial interactions drive planning and urban development in diverse cities over time. By weaving together archival, ethnographic, and participatory action research techniques, she reveals the political complexities of a city characterized by centuries of ordinary resistance to racial segregation and uneven geographic development.Less
What can local histories of interracial conflict and collaboration teach us about the potential for urban equity and social justice in the future? Courtney Elizabeth Knapp chronicles the politics of gentrification and culture-based development in Chattanooga, Tennessee, by tracing the roots of racism, spatial segregation, and mainstream “cosmopolitanism” back to the earliest encounters between the Cherokee, African Americans, and white settlers. For more than three centuries, Chattanooga has been a site for multiracial interaction and community building; yet today public leaders have simultaneously restricted and appropriated many contributions of working-class communities of color within the city, exacerbating inequality and distrust between neighbors and public officials. Knapp suggests that “diasporic placemaking”—defined as the everyday practices through which uprooted people create new communities of security and belonging—is a useful analytical frame for understanding how multiracial interactions drive planning and urban development in diverse cities over time. By weaving together archival, ethnographic, and participatory action research techniques, she reveals the political complexities of a city characterized by centuries of ordinary resistance to racial segregation and uneven geographic development.
Christine Walker
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781469658797
- eISBN:
- 9781469655284
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469658797.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Chapter Five surveys the varied intimate and nonmarital relationships formed between free and freed people. A comprehensive survey of more than two thousand baptism records demonstrates that Jamaica ...
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Chapter Five surveys the varied intimate and nonmarital relationships formed between free and freed people. A comprehensive survey of more than two thousand baptism records demonstrates that Jamaica had the highest illegitimacy rate in the British Empire. One in four of the children baptized on the island was born out of wedlock. This chapter explores the confluence of factors that led to the development of a sexual culture in Jamaica that afforded unmarried women more autonomy in their intimate lives. In contrast with other colonies in British North America, Jamaica adopted a remarkably lenient approach toward female sexuality. Women also commanded more authority and wealth, largely owing to their participation in slavery. In the absence of social censure and legal repercussions, a large number of free couples established families outside of marriage. Doing so protected women’s material assets and legal autonomy, which would otherwise be comprised by coverture—a set of laws that ceded a wife’s property to her husband. Instead, colonists used baptism rather than marriage to recognize, legitimize, and even legalize intimate relationships with free and enslaved partners.Less
Chapter Five surveys the varied intimate and nonmarital relationships formed between free and freed people. A comprehensive survey of more than two thousand baptism records demonstrates that Jamaica had the highest illegitimacy rate in the British Empire. One in four of the children baptized on the island was born out of wedlock. This chapter explores the confluence of factors that led to the development of a sexual culture in Jamaica that afforded unmarried women more autonomy in their intimate lives. In contrast with other colonies in British North America, Jamaica adopted a remarkably lenient approach toward female sexuality. Women also commanded more authority and wealth, largely owing to their participation in slavery. In the absence of social censure and legal repercussions, a large number of free couples established families outside of marriage. Doing so protected women’s material assets and legal autonomy, which would otherwise be comprised by coverture—a set of laws that ceded a wife’s property to her husband. Instead, colonists used baptism rather than marriage to recognize, legitimize, and even legalize intimate relationships with free and enslaved partners.
Christine Walker
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781469658797
- eISBN:
- 9781469655284
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469658797.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
The book concludes in the 1760s, the era when most of the scholarship on Jamaica begins. It uses a unique set of letters written by a Euro-African woman, Mary Rose, to her former paramour and patron, ...
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The book concludes in the 1760s, the era when most of the scholarship on Jamaica begins. It uses a unique set of letters written by a Euro-African woman, Mary Rose, to her former paramour and patron, Rose Fuller, to frame a moment of violence and change in the colony. Between 1760 and 1761, enslaved people launched a massive uprising called Tacky’s Revolt on the island. Tacky’s Revolt challenged slaveholder hegemony and threatened British power in Jamaica. Rose occupied a liminal position in colonial society during this moment of crisis. She was a free woman of European and African descent of middling wealth who commanded enslaved people and worked as a rancher to earn additional income. Yet, her authority was fragile and dependent on Fuller’s support. Rose thus foregrounds the precarious position occupied by free and freed women with African ancestry at a moment when some local officials, together with imperial authorities, determined that white solidary was the solution to extinguishing slave insurgencies. The local government sought to limit the material wealth held by free people of Euro-African descent. Yet, this population continued to grow, adding to the diverse group of women who remained deeply invested in slaveholding.Less
The book concludes in the 1760s, the era when most of the scholarship on Jamaica begins. It uses a unique set of letters written by a Euro-African woman, Mary Rose, to her former paramour and patron, Rose Fuller, to frame a moment of violence and change in the colony. Between 1760 and 1761, enslaved people launched a massive uprising called Tacky’s Revolt on the island. Tacky’s Revolt challenged slaveholder hegemony and threatened British power in Jamaica. Rose occupied a liminal position in colonial society during this moment of crisis. She was a free woman of European and African descent of middling wealth who commanded enslaved people and worked as a rancher to earn additional income. Yet, her authority was fragile and dependent on Fuller’s support. Rose thus foregrounds the precarious position occupied by free and freed women with African ancestry at a moment when some local officials, together with imperial authorities, determined that white solidary was the solution to extinguishing slave insurgencies. The local government sought to limit the material wealth held by free people of Euro-African descent. Yet, this population continued to grow, adding to the diverse group of women who remained deeply invested in slaveholding.
Jenna Grace Sciuto
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781496833440
- eISBN:
- 9781496833495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496833440.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
Gaines’s Of Love and Dust(1967) is set in 1948 Louisiana but reflects the immediacy of the civil rights movement. Published in the same year as the landmark civil rights case Loving v. Virginia, ...
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Gaines’s Of Love and Dust(1967) is set in 1948 Louisiana but reflects the immediacy of the civil rights movement. Published in the same year as the landmark civil rights case Loving v. Virginia, which negated the validity of antimiscegenation laws throughout the United States, Gaines’s novel is invested in the subversive potential of individual relationships. Of Love and Dustfocuses on the policing of two interracial couples whose treatment differs according to the race, gender, sex, class, and color of those involved. Marcus Payne, the novel’s revolutionary character, confronts only the plantation’s racial hierarchies, subscribing himself to misogyny and homophobia in his everyday interactions. This, in addition to his self-interest and alienation from the community, results in the failure of his love rebellion. However, the moments when characters are able to put aside their adherence to plantation hierarchies and recognize each other’s humanity reveal the potential for future change.Less
Gaines’s Of Love and Dust(1967) is set in 1948 Louisiana but reflects the immediacy of the civil rights movement. Published in the same year as the landmark civil rights case Loving v. Virginia, which negated the validity of antimiscegenation laws throughout the United States, Gaines’s novel is invested in the subversive potential of individual relationships. Of Love and Dustfocuses on the policing of two interracial couples whose treatment differs according to the race, gender, sex, class, and color of those involved. Marcus Payne, the novel’s revolutionary character, confronts only the plantation’s racial hierarchies, subscribing himself to misogyny and homophobia in his everyday interactions. This, in addition to his self-interest and alienation from the community, results in the failure of his love rebellion. However, the moments when characters are able to put aside their adherence to plantation hierarchies and recognize each other’s humanity reveal the potential for future change.
Ariane Cruz
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781479809288
- eISBN:
- 9781479899425
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479809288.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Chapter 3 analyzes the adult entertainment industry niche of interracial pornography focusing on performances of (inter)racial aggression. I argue that BDSM becomes a critical lens for elucidating ...
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Chapter 3 analyzes the adult entertainment industry niche of interracial pornography focusing on performances of (inter)racial aggression. I argue that BDSM becomes a critical lens for elucidating the dynamics of racialized shame, humiliation, and pleasure that undergird interracial pornography, a profitable genre of commercial American pornography that is deeply invested in the miscegenation taboo. The lens of BDSM enacts a critical queering of interracial “heterosexual” pornography in order to read across the gendered and racialized subject positions of pleasure, power, and desire and to analyze homoerotic desire, pleasure, and anxiety as working in tandem with the genre’s eroticization of racial-sexual alterity. I discuss pornography as a historic site of racial-sexual revenge—a contemporary staging of racialized sexualized violence in which the retaliatory rhetoric of interracial aggression is enacted. Though I focus on contemporary Internet pornography, this chapter reads across the convergent pornography landscape—the stag genre, the golden age, and the video age—to provide a contextual frame for reading performances of black-white interracial intimacy in pornography and tracing the black female body as an ambivalent site of absence and presence in the genre.Less
Chapter 3 analyzes the adult entertainment industry niche of interracial pornography focusing on performances of (inter)racial aggression. I argue that BDSM becomes a critical lens for elucidating the dynamics of racialized shame, humiliation, and pleasure that undergird interracial pornography, a profitable genre of commercial American pornography that is deeply invested in the miscegenation taboo. The lens of BDSM enacts a critical queering of interracial “heterosexual” pornography in order to read across the gendered and racialized subject positions of pleasure, power, and desire and to analyze homoerotic desire, pleasure, and anxiety as working in tandem with the genre’s eroticization of racial-sexual alterity. I discuss pornography as a historic site of racial-sexual revenge—a contemporary staging of racialized sexualized violence in which the retaliatory rhetoric of interracial aggression is enacted. Though I focus on contemporary Internet pornography, this chapter reads across the convergent pornography landscape—the stag genre, the golden age, and the video age—to provide a contextual frame for reading performances of black-white interracial intimacy in pornography and tracing the black female body as an ambivalent site of absence and presence in the genre.
Myra S. Washington
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496814227
- eISBN:
- 9781496814265
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496814227.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
The emergence of Blasians is historically, politically, intimately, and juridically contextualized through examination of national and transnational connections between Blacks and Asian/Americans. ...
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The emergence of Blasians is historically, politically, intimately, and juridically contextualized through examination of national and transnational connections between Blacks and Asian/Americans. Analyses of these connections underscore tensions and anxieties especially around interracial mixing and U.S. military imperialism. Sociohistorical contextualization is necessary to demonstrate how Blasian media figures have become visible and how their bodies act as racial scripts used to demarcate, sometimes poorly, racial divisions and hierarchies. Through explorations of moments of Blasian illegibility and Black and Asian/American solidarity, this chapter ends on how these connections have offered potential areas for rethinking race and culture.Less
The emergence of Blasians is historically, politically, intimately, and juridically contextualized through examination of national and transnational connections between Blacks and Asian/Americans. Analyses of these connections underscore tensions and anxieties especially around interracial mixing and U.S. military imperialism. Sociohistorical contextualization is necessary to demonstrate how Blasian media figures have become visible and how their bodies act as racial scripts used to demarcate, sometimes poorly, racial divisions and hierarchies. Through explorations of moments of Blasian illegibility and Black and Asian/American solidarity, this chapter ends on how these connections have offered potential areas for rethinking race and culture.
Paula M. L. Moya
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823241354
- eISBN:
- 9780823241392
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823241354.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
The essay written by Paula Moya offers the reader two possible strategies for decolonial action: interracial friendships and multicultural literature. Moya's argument is grounded in an exposition of ...
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The essay written by Paula Moya offers the reader two possible strategies for decolonial action: interracial friendships and multicultural literature. Moya's argument is grounded in an exposition of the role of emotions in cognition. Emotions have “crucial epistemic value,” for they make it possible to discern “larger social meanings and entrenched social arrangements.” The essay explains how interracial friendships involve a sharing of experiences about race and racism that can lead to moral growth and to the increased knowledge for the interracial friends of how race functions in society. In the last part of the chapter, the author shows how literature written by racial and cultural minorities can “expand a reader's horizon of possibility for experiential encounters,” because of the intellectual and emotional engagement involved in reading a novel. The aim of the chapter is to demonstrate how both interracial friendships and multicultural novels can be effective antiracist projects.Less
The essay written by Paula Moya offers the reader two possible strategies for decolonial action: interracial friendships and multicultural literature. Moya's argument is grounded in an exposition of the role of emotions in cognition. Emotions have “crucial epistemic value,” for they make it possible to discern “larger social meanings and entrenched social arrangements.” The essay explains how interracial friendships involve a sharing of experiences about race and racism that can lead to moral growth and to the increased knowledge for the interracial friends of how race functions in society. In the last part of the chapter, the author shows how literature written by racial and cultural minorities can “expand a reader's horizon of possibility for experiential encounters,” because of the intellectual and emotional engagement involved in reading a novel. The aim of the chapter is to demonstrate how both interracial friendships and multicultural novels can be effective antiracist projects.
Brooke N. Newman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780300225556
- eISBN:
- 9780300240979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300225556.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Offering a narrative case study of two families in colonial Jamaica, the Taylors/Tailyours and the Johnstons, chapter 4 shows how customary practice and personal whim regulated the illicit unions ...
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Offering a narrative case study of two families in colonial Jamaica, the Taylors/Tailyours and the Johnstons, chapter 4 shows how customary practice and personal whim regulated the illicit unions between white men and enslaved women. White men’s personal desires and circumstances, rather than the law, shaped the treatment and future prospects of illegitimate mixed offspring born of slavery’s sexual economy—at the individual level and beyond. The descendants of enslaved African women and British men, even those elite few who achieved freedom and white male patronage, held little control over their lives, professional prospects, or racial identities.Less
Offering a narrative case study of two families in colonial Jamaica, the Taylors/Tailyours and the Johnstons, chapter 4 shows how customary practice and personal whim regulated the illicit unions between white men and enslaved women. White men’s personal desires and circumstances, rather than the law, shaped the treatment and future prospects of illegitimate mixed offspring born of slavery’s sexual economy—at the individual level and beyond. The descendants of enslaved African women and British men, even those elite few who achieved freedom and white male patronage, held little control over their lives, professional prospects, or racial identities.
Brooke N. Newman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780300225556
- eISBN:
- 9780300240979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300225556.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Chapter 5 shifts focus to metropolitan Britain and the popular imaginary. Through analysis of satirical prints, plays, songs, novels, and poems, it shows how visual and literary representations of ...
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Chapter 5 shifts focus to metropolitan Britain and the popular imaginary. Through analysis of satirical prints, plays, songs, novels, and poems, it shows how visual and literary representations of interracial sexual encounters between women of African ancestry and British men shaped public perceptions of colonial slavery, West Indian Creoles, and the abolition movement. Interpreting comic depictions of enslaved black women from the abolition era in light of growing public concerns about slave trading, slavery, interracial sexuality, and the integrity of British bloodlines, this chapter highlights the perceived vulnerability of both whiteness and British national identity.Less
Chapter 5 shifts focus to metropolitan Britain and the popular imaginary. Through analysis of satirical prints, plays, songs, novels, and poems, it shows how visual and literary representations of interracial sexual encounters between women of African ancestry and British men shaped public perceptions of colonial slavery, West Indian Creoles, and the abolition movement. Interpreting comic depictions of enslaved black women from the abolition era in light of growing public concerns about slave trading, slavery, interracial sexuality, and the integrity of British bloodlines, this chapter highlights the perceived vulnerability of both whiteness and British national identity.
Chinyere K. Osuji
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479878611
- eISBN:
- 9781479855490
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479878611.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter introduces the concept of “romantic career:” how people draw on prior romantic and dating experiences to understand their ethnoracial preferences or (lack thereof) for romantic ...
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This chapter introduces the concept of “romantic career:” how people draw on prior romantic and dating experiences to understand their ethnoracial preferences or (lack thereof) for romantic partnership and marriage. This chapter reveals the narratives and accounts that respondents use to make sense of their trajectories towards marrying a person of a different color. This chapter draws on responses to questions about their first and last serious relationships, dating experiences, and “hook-ups.” I found that Carioca spouses were often placed ethnoracial boundaries at the center of desires for romantic partnership. In Los Angeles, there was more silence surrounding ethnoracial preferences across the boundary. However, in both sites, whites enjoyed a “privilege of preference” that their black partners did not. For Cariocas, it meant white women's desires for nego, or “big” black men. In Los Angeles, it was revealed in white men's penchant for “exotic” women across racial categories.Less
This chapter introduces the concept of “romantic career:” how people draw on prior romantic and dating experiences to understand their ethnoracial preferences or (lack thereof) for romantic partnership and marriage. This chapter reveals the narratives and accounts that respondents use to make sense of their trajectories towards marrying a person of a different color. This chapter draws on responses to questions about their first and last serious relationships, dating experiences, and “hook-ups.” I found that Carioca spouses were often placed ethnoracial boundaries at the center of desires for romantic partnership. In Los Angeles, there was more silence surrounding ethnoracial preferences across the boundary. However, in both sites, whites enjoyed a “privilege of preference” that their black partners did not. For Cariocas, it meant white women's desires for nego, or “big” black men. In Los Angeles, it was revealed in white men's penchant for “exotic” women across racial categories.
