Steven Lee
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231173520
- eISBN:
- 9780231540117
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231173520.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
During the 1920s and 1930s, American minority artists and writers collaborated extensively with the Soviet avant-garde, seeking to build a revolutionary society that would end racial discrimination ...
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During the 1920s and 1930s, American minority artists and writers collaborated extensively with the Soviet avant-garde, seeking to build a revolutionary society that would end racial discrimination and advance progressive art. Making what Claude McKay called “the magic pilgrimage” to the Soviet Union, these intellectuals placed themselves at the forefront of modernism, using radical cultural and political experiments to reimagine identity and decenter the West. The Ethnic Avant-Garde draws on Russian archives, travel narratives, and artistic exchanges to establish the parameters of an “ethnic avant-garde.” These writers and artists cohered around distinct forms that mirrored Soviet techniques of montage, fragment, and interruption. They orbited interwar Moscow, where the international avant-garde converged with the Communist International. The book explores Vladimir Mayakovsky’s 1925 visit to New York City via Cuba and Mexico, during which he wrote Russian-language poetry in an “Afro-Cuban” voice; Langston Hughes’s translations of these poems while in Moscow, which he visited to assist on a Soviet film about African American life; a futurist play condemning Western imperialism in China, which became Broadway’s first major production to feature a predominantly Asian American cast; and efforts to imagine the Bolshevik Revolution as Jewish messianic arrest, followed by the slow political disenchantment of the New York Intellectuals. Through an absorbing collage of cross-ethnic encounters that also include Herbert Biberman, Sergei Eisenstein, Paul Robeson, and Vladimir Tatlin, this work remaps global modernism along minority and Soviet-centered lines, further advancing the avant-garde project of seeing the world anew.Less
During the 1920s and 1930s, American minority artists and writers collaborated extensively with the Soviet avant-garde, seeking to build a revolutionary society that would end racial discrimination and advance progressive art. Making what Claude McKay called “the magic pilgrimage” to the Soviet Union, these intellectuals placed themselves at the forefront of modernism, using radical cultural and political experiments to reimagine identity and decenter the West. The Ethnic Avant-Garde draws on Russian archives, travel narratives, and artistic exchanges to establish the parameters of an “ethnic avant-garde.” These writers and artists cohered around distinct forms that mirrored Soviet techniques of montage, fragment, and interruption. They orbited interwar Moscow, where the international avant-garde converged with the Communist International. The book explores Vladimir Mayakovsky’s 1925 visit to New York City via Cuba and Mexico, during which he wrote Russian-language poetry in an “Afro-Cuban” voice; Langston Hughes’s translations of these poems while in Moscow, which he visited to assist on a Soviet film about African American life; a futurist play condemning Western imperialism in China, which became Broadway’s first major production to feature a predominantly Asian American cast; and efforts to imagine the Bolshevik Revolution as Jewish messianic arrest, followed by the slow political disenchantment of the New York Intellectuals. Through an absorbing collage of cross-ethnic encounters that also include Herbert Biberman, Sergei Eisenstein, Paul Robeson, and Vladimir Tatlin, this work remaps global modernism along minority and Soviet-centered lines, further advancing the avant-garde project of seeing the world anew.
Aarthi Vadde
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231180245
- eISBN:
- 9780231542562
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231180245.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
In Chimeras of Form, Aarthi Vadde vividly illustrates how modernist and contemporary writers reimagine the nation and internationalism in a period defined by globalization. She explains how ...
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In Chimeras of Form, Aarthi Vadde vividly illustrates how modernist and contemporary writers reimagine the nation and internationalism in a period defined by globalization. She explains how Rabindranath Tagore, James Joyce, Claude McKay, George Lamming, Michael Ondaatje, and Zadie Smith use modernist literary forms to develop ideas of international belonging sensitive to the afterlife of empire. In doing so, she shows how this wide-ranging group of authors challenged traditional expectations of aesthetic form, shaping how their readers understand the cohesion and interrelation of political communities. Drawing on her close readings of individual texts and on literary, postcolonial, and cosmopolitical theory, Vadde examines how modernist formal experiments take part in debates about transnational interdependence and social obligation. She reads Joyce's use of asymmetrical narratives as a way to ask questions about international camaraderie, and demonstrates how the "plotless" works of Claude McKay upturn ideas of citizenship and diasporic alienation. Her analysis of the contemporary writers Zadie Smith and Shailja Patel shows how present-day issues relating to migration, displacement, and economic inequality link modernist and postcolonial traditions of literature. Vadde brings these traditions together to reveal the dual nature of internationalism as an aspiration, possibly a chimeric one, and an actual political discourse vital to understanding our present moment.Less
In Chimeras of Form, Aarthi Vadde vividly illustrates how modernist and contemporary writers reimagine the nation and internationalism in a period defined by globalization. She explains how Rabindranath Tagore, James Joyce, Claude McKay, George Lamming, Michael Ondaatje, and Zadie Smith use modernist literary forms to develop ideas of international belonging sensitive to the afterlife of empire. In doing so, she shows how this wide-ranging group of authors challenged traditional expectations of aesthetic form, shaping how their readers understand the cohesion and interrelation of political communities. Drawing on her close readings of individual texts and on literary, postcolonial, and cosmopolitical theory, Vadde examines how modernist formal experiments take part in debates about transnational interdependence and social obligation. She reads Joyce's use of asymmetrical narratives as a way to ask questions about international camaraderie, and demonstrates how the "plotless" works of Claude McKay upturn ideas of citizenship and diasporic alienation. Her analysis of the contemporary writers Zadie Smith and Shailja Patel shows how present-day issues relating to migration, displacement, and economic inequality link modernist and postcolonial traditions of literature. Vadde brings these traditions together to reveal the dual nature of internationalism as an aspiration, possibly a chimeric one, and an actual political discourse vital to understanding our present moment.
Keisha N. Blain and Tiffany M. Gill (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780252042317
- eISBN:
- 9780252051166
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252042317.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Black women in the United States and across the African diaspora have historically linked national concerns to global ones. This interdisciplinary collection explores the varied ways black women have ...
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Black women in the United States and across the African diaspora have historically linked national concerns to global ones. This interdisciplinary collection explores the varied ways black women have engaged in internationalism since the late nineteenth century through political agitation, consumption activities and economic pursuits, leisure and religious practices, as well as performance and artistic expression. The essays in this collection employ diverse and innovative methodological approaches and explore new sites of internationalism, including Australia, Germany, and Spain. By highlighting the range and complexity of black women’s ideas and activities across time and space, this volume expands the contours of black internationalism in the United States and across the globe.Less
Black women in the United States and across the African diaspora have historically linked national concerns to global ones. This interdisciplinary collection explores the varied ways black women have engaged in internationalism since the late nineteenth century through political agitation, consumption activities and economic pursuits, leisure and religious practices, as well as performance and artistic expression. The essays in this collection employ diverse and innovative methodological approaches and explore new sites of internationalism, including Australia, Germany, and Spain. By highlighting the range and complexity of black women’s ideas and activities across time and space, this volume expands the contours of black internationalism in the United States and across the globe.
Ruth Kinna
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780748642298
- eISBN:
- 9781474418690
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748642298.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This book is designed to remove Peter Kropotkin from the framework of classical anarchism. By focusing attention on his theory of mutual aid, it argues that the classical framing distorts Kropotkin's ...
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This book is designed to remove Peter Kropotkin from the framework of classical anarchism. By focusing attention on his theory of mutual aid, it argues that the classical framing distorts Kropotkin's political theory by associating it with a narrowly positivistic conception of science, a naively optimistic idea of human nature and a millenarian idea of revolution. Kropotkin's abiding concern with Russian revolutionary politics is the lens for this analysis. The argument is that his engagement with nihilism shaped his conception of science and that his expeditions in Siberia underpinned an approach to social analysis that was rooted in geography. Looking at Kropotkin's relationship with Elisée Reclus and Erico Malatesta and examining his critical appreciation of P-J. Proudhon, Michael Bakunin and Max Stirner, the study shows how he understood anarchist traditions and reveals the special character of his anarchist communism. His idea of the state as a colonising process and his contention that exploitation and oppression operate in global contexts is a key feature of this. Kropotkin's views about the role of theory in revolutionary practice show how he developed this critique of the state and capitalism to advance an idea of political change that combined the building of non-state alternatives through direct action and wilful disobedience. Against critics who argue that Kropotkin betrayed these principles in 1914, the book suggests that this controversial decision was consistent with his anarchism and that it reflected his judgment about the prospects of anarchistic revolution in Russia.Less
This book is designed to remove Peter Kropotkin from the framework of classical anarchism. By focusing attention on his theory of mutual aid, it argues that the classical framing distorts Kropotkin's political theory by associating it with a narrowly positivistic conception of science, a naively optimistic idea of human nature and a millenarian idea of revolution. Kropotkin's abiding concern with Russian revolutionary politics is the lens for this analysis. The argument is that his engagement with nihilism shaped his conception of science and that his expeditions in Siberia underpinned an approach to social analysis that was rooted in geography. Looking at Kropotkin's relationship with Elisée Reclus and Erico Malatesta and examining his critical appreciation of P-J. Proudhon, Michael Bakunin and Max Stirner, the study shows how he understood anarchist traditions and reveals the special character of his anarchist communism. His idea of the state as a colonising process and his contention that exploitation and oppression operate in global contexts is a key feature of this. Kropotkin's views about the role of theory in revolutionary practice show how he developed this critique of the state and capitalism to advance an idea of political change that combined the building of non-state alternatives through direct action and wilful disobedience. Against critics who argue that Kropotkin betrayed these principles in 1914, the book suggests that this controversial decision was consistent with his anarchism and that it reflected his judgment about the prospects of anarchistic revolution in Russia.
Mary Hilson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526100801
- eISBN:
- 9781526135919
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526100801.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The consumer co-operative movement was one of the most important popular movements in inter-war Europe, but remains under-researched by historians in comparison to other social movements, especially ...
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The consumer co-operative movement was one of the most important popular movements in inter-war Europe, but remains under-researched by historians in comparison to other social movements, especially with regard to its international dimensions. From 1895, the co-operative movement also had its own international organisation, the International Co-operative Alliance (ICA). This book explores the transnational history of consumer co-operation from the establishment of the movement in the second half of the nineteenth century to the outbreak of the Second World War, focusing in particular on co-operation in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden). The co-operative movement was especially strong throughout the region and the Nordic co-operative federations played a prominent role in the ICA. The fundamental question explored in the book concerns the meaning of co-operation: was it a social movement or an economic enterprise? Did it aspire to challenge capitalism or to reform it? Did it contain at its heart a political vision for the transformation of society or was it simply a practical guide for organising a business? I argue that it was both, but that an examination of the debates over the different meanings of co-operation can also illuminate broader questions about the emergence of consumer interests in the first half of the twentieth century, especially in a transnational context. Studying the Nordic co-operative movement also helps to shed light on the growing international interest in this region and the emergence of a Nordic “middle way” during the 1930s.Less
The consumer co-operative movement was one of the most important popular movements in inter-war Europe, but remains under-researched by historians in comparison to other social movements, especially with regard to its international dimensions. From 1895, the co-operative movement also had its own international organisation, the International Co-operative Alliance (ICA). This book explores the transnational history of consumer co-operation from the establishment of the movement in the second half of the nineteenth century to the outbreak of the Second World War, focusing in particular on co-operation in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden). The co-operative movement was especially strong throughout the region and the Nordic co-operative federations played a prominent role in the ICA. The fundamental question explored in the book concerns the meaning of co-operation: was it a social movement or an economic enterprise? Did it aspire to challenge capitalism or to reform it? Did it contain at its heart a political vision for the transformation of society or was it simply a practical guide for organising a business? I argue that it was both, but that an examination of the debates over the different meanings of co-operation can also illuminate broader questions about the emergence of consumer interests in the first half of the twentieth century, especially in a transnational context. Studying the Nordic co-operative movement also helps to shed light on the growing international interest in this region and the emergence of a Nordic “middle way” during the 1930s.
John M. Kirk
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061054
- eISBN:
- 9780813051338
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061054.003.0013
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This section ties up loose ends, particularly seeking to explain why Cuba has become involved in so many forms of medical internationalism. A variety of motives are examined. The case is made that ...
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This section ties up loose ends, particularly seeking to explain why Cuba has become involved in so many forms of medical internationalism. A variety of motives are examined. The case is made that Cuba’s medical internationalism program has had an enormous outreach, saving the lives of millions of people in scores of countries, and providing basic healthcare to tens of millions more. Data on the current role are provided, and it is argued that it should no longer be the world’s best-kept secret.Less
This section ties up loose ends, particularly seeking to explain why Cuba has become involved in so many forms of medical internationalism. A variety of motives are examined. The case is made that Cuba’s medical internationalism program has had an enormous outreach, saving the lives of millions of people in scores of countries, and providing basic healthcare to tens of millions more. Data on the current role are provided, and it is argued that it should no longer be the world’s best-kept secret.
Sara Rzeszutek Haviland
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813166254
- eISBN:
- 9780813166735
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813166254.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
In the World War II years, Esther and Jack defined their marriage in relation to their activism. Jack served in the China-Burma-India Theater of World War II, and Esther worked as executive secretary ...
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In the World War II years, Esther and Jack defined their marriage in relation to their activism. Jack served in the China-Burma-India Theater of World War II, and Esther worked as executive secretary of the Southern Negro Youth Congress. The couple corresponded daily during the war, mapping plans for their future together around their participation in the black freedom movement. Their plans offer insight into how black Communists envisioned the postwar world. Their Popular Front approach to activism in the black freedom movement would, they believed, continue, and they hoped to be at the helm of an international left-wing movement for racial justice. Their correspondence also helped hone their approach to gender egalitarianism within their marriage. They did not anticipate the coming of the Cold War.Less
In the World War II years, Esther and Jack defined their marriage in relation to their activism. Jack served in the China-Burma-India Theater of World War II, and Esther worked as executive secretary of the Southern Negro Youth Congress. The couple corresponded daily during the war, mapping plans for their future together around their participation in the black freedom movement. Their plans offer insight into how black Communists envisioned the postwar world. Their Popular Front approach to activism in the black freedom movement would, they believed, continue, and they hoped to be at the helm of an international left-wing movement for racial justice. Their correspondence also helped hone their approach to gender egalitarianism within their marriage. They did not anticipate the coming of the Cold War.
Ruth Kinna and Matthew Adams (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781784993412
- eISBN:
- 9781526128188
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784993412.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This volume provides examines anarchist responses to the First World War. The collection is divided into three sections. The first examines the interventionist debate, focusing on the acrimonious ...
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This volume provides examines anarchist responses to the First World War. The collection is divided into three sections. The first examines the interventionist debate, focusing on the acrimonious disputes between Peter Kropotkin and Errico Malatesta which split the anarchist movement in 1914. The second discusses the impact of the war and the Bolshevik revolution, presenting a historical analysis of German, Dutch, French and US movements and conceptual analysis of just war and intervention, prefiguration, nationalism, internationalism, transnationalism, anti-colonialism, pacifism and terrorism. The final section focuses on anti-militarism and discusses no-conscription campaigns, anti-war/anti-capitalist cultural resistance and ideas of memory and war myths, centring on the experiences of Herbert Read. The book discusses the impact of the war on anarchism by looking at the social, cultural and geo-political changes that the war hastened, promoting forms of socialism that marginalized anarchist ideas, but argues that even while the war destroyed many domestic movements it also contributed to a re-framing of anarchist ideas. The book shows how the bitter divisions about the war and the experience of being caught on the wrong side of the Bolshevik Revolution encouraged anarchists to reaffirm their deeply-held rejection of vanguard socialism and develop new strategies that drew on a plethora of anti-war activities. The currents of ideas that emerged from anarchism's apparent obsolescence were crystallised during the war.Less
This volume provides examines anarchist responses to the First World War. The collection is divided into three sections. The first examines the interventionist debate, focusing on the acrimonious disputes between Peter Kropotkin and Errico Malatesta which split the anarchist movement in 1914. The second discusses the impact of the war and the Bolshevik revolution, presenting a historical analysis of German, Dutch, French and US movements and conceptual analysis of just war and intervention, prefiguration, nationalism, internationalism, transnationalism, anti-colonialism, pacifism and terrorism. The final section focuses on anti-militarism and discusses no-conscription campaigns, anti-war/anti-capitalist cultural resistance and ideas of memory and war myths, centring on the experiences of Herbert Read. The book discusses the impact of the war on anarchism by looking at the social, cultural and geo-political changes that the war hastened, promoting forms of socialism that marginalized anarchist ideas, but argues that even while the war destroyed many domestic movements it also contributed to a re-framing of anarchist ideas. The book shows how the bitter divisions about the war and the experience of being caught on the wrong side of the Bolshevik Revolution encouraged anarchists to reaffirm their deeply-held rejection of vanguard socialism and develop new strategies that drew on a plethora of anti-war activities. The currents of ideas that emerged from anarchism's apparent obsolescence were crystallised during the war.
Nicholas Grant
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469635286
- eISBN:
- 9781469635293
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635286.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
In this transnational account of black protest, Nicholas Grant examines how African Americans engaged with, supported, and were inspired by the South African anti-apartheid movement. Bringing black ...
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In this transnational account of black protest, Nicholas Grant examines how African Americans engaged with, supported, and were inspired by the South African anti-apartheid movement. Bringing black activism into conversation with the foreign policy of both the U.S. and South African governments, this study questions the dominant perception that U.S.-centered anticommunism decimated black international activism. Instead, by tracing the considerable amount of time, money, and effort the state invested into responding to black international criticism, Grant outlines the extent to which the U.S. and South African governments were forced to reshape and occasionally reconsider their racial policies in the Cold War world. This study shows how African Americans and black South Africans navigated transnationally organized state repression in ways that challenged white supremacy on both sides of the Atlantic. The political and cultural ties that they forged during the 1940s and 1950s are testament to the insistence of black activists in both countries that the struggle against apartheid and Jim Crow were intimately interconnected.Less
In this transnational account of black protest, Nicholas Grant examines how African Americans engaged with, supported, and were inspired by the South African anti-apartheid movement. Bringing black activism into conversation with the foreign policy of both the U.S. and South African governments, this study questions the dominant perception that U.S.-centered anticommunism decimated black international activism. Instead, by tracing the considerable amount of time, money, and effort the state invested into responding to black international criticism, Grant outlines the extent to which the U.S. and South African governments were forced to reshape and occasionally reconsider their racial policies in the Cold War world. This study shows how African Americans and black South Africans navigated transnationally organized state repression in ways that challenged white supremacy on both sides of the Atlantic. The political and cultural ties that they forged during the 1940s and 1950s are testament to the insistence of black activists in both countries that the struggle against apartheid and Jim Crow were intimately interconnected.
Simon J. Potter
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- July 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198800231
- eISBN:
- 9780191840036
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198800231.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History, World Modern History
During the 1920s and 1930s radio was transnational in its reach and appeal, attracting distant listeners and encouraging hopes that broadcasting would foster international understanding and world ...
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During the 1920s and 1930s radio was transnational in its reach and appeal, attracting distant listeners and encouraging hopes that broadcasting would foster international understanding and world peace. As a new medium, radio broadcasting transmitted speech, music, news, and a range of exotic and authentic sounds across borders to reach audiences in other countries. In Europe radio was regulated through international consultation and cooperation to restrict interference between stations and to unleash the medium’s full potential to carry programmes to global audiences. A distinctive form of ‘wireless internationalism’ emerged, reflecting and reinforcing the broader internationalist movement and establishing structures and approaches which endured into the Second World War, the Cold War, and beyond. Distant listeners, meanwhile, used new technologies and skills to overcome unwanted noise, tune in as many stations as possible, and comprehend and enjoy what they heard. The BBC and other international broadcasters sought to produce tailor-made programmes for audiences overseas, encouraging feedback from listeners and using it to inform production decisions. The book revises our understanding of early British and global broadcasting, and of the BBC Empire Service (the precursor to today’s World Service), and shows how government influence shaped early BBC international broadcasting in English, Arabic, Spanish, and Portuguese. It also explores the wider European and global context, demonstrating how fascism in Italy and Germany, the Spanish Civil War, and the Japanese invasion of China, combined to overturn the utopianism of the 1920s and usher in a new era of wireless nationalism.Less
During the 1920s and 1930s radio was transnational in its reach and appeal, attracting distant listeners and encouraging hopes that broadcasting would foster international understanding and world peace. As a new medium, radio broadcasting transmitted speech, music, news, and a range of exotic and authentic sounds across borders to reach audiences in other countries. In Europe radio was regulated through international consultation and cooperation to restrict interference between stations and to unleash the medium’s full potential to carry programmes to global audiences. A distinctive form of ‘wireless internationalism’ emerged, reflecting and reinforcing the broader internationalist movement and establishing structures and approaches which endured into the Second World War, the Cold War, and beyond. Distant listeners, meanwhile, used new technologies and skills to overcome unwanted noise, tune in as many stations as possible, and comprehend and enjoy what they heard. The BBC and other international broadcasters sought to produce tailor-made programmes for audiences overseas, encouraging feedback from listeners and using it to inform production decisions. The book revises our understanding of early British and global broadcasting, and of the BBC Empire Service (the precursor to today’s World Service), and shows how government influence shaped early BBC international broadcasting in English, Arabic, Spanish, and Portuguese. It also explores the wider European and global context, demonstrating how fascism in Italy and Germany, the Spanish Civil War, and the Japanese invasion of China, combined to overturn the utopianism of the 1920s and usher in a new era of wireless nationalism.
Damian Skinner
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719096525
- eISBN:
- 9781526104335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719096525.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
In 1961 Māori artist Ralph Hotere moved to London to study at the Central School of Art, subsequently settling in Vence, France, before he returned to New Zealand in 1964. He became part of a ...
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In 1961 Māori artist Ralph Hotere moved to London to study at the Central School of Art, subsequently settling in Vence, France, before he returned to New Zealand in 1964. He became part of a cultural moment that has been called ‘New Commonwealth Internationalism’, in which artists from British ex-colonies, fed by an anti-colonial awareness and an alliance to the processes of decolonisation happening internationally, reinserted the human condition into formalist modernism. Hotere’s paintings from this period make reference to the anti-colonial struggle in Algeria, and the human rights movement, along with other forms of 1960s protest. Applying the term ‘decolonisation’ to Hotere’s fine art illustrates the possibilities of indigenous modernism – and of creativity more broadly – as a decolonising process, while highlighting the need to understand decolonisation through a transnational lens. By articulating Hotere’s investment in the project shared by many native artists who went to London after the Second World War and revitalised late modernism with the issues of anti-colonial struggle, and in identifying how this was not necessarily shared by settler artists from New Zealand who followed the same trajectory, the different projects of decolonisation caught up in the moment of New Commonwealth Internationalism are made visible.Less
In 1961 Māori artist Ralph Hotere moved to London to study at the Central School of Art, subsequently settling in Vence, France, before he returned to New Zealand in 1964. He became part of a cultural moment that has been called ‘New Commonwealth Internationalism’, in which artists from British ex-colonies, fed by an anti-colonial awareness and an alliance to the processes of decolonisation happening internationally, reinserted the human condition into formalist modernism. Hotere’s paintings from this period make reference to the anti-colonial struggle in Algeria, and the human rights movement, along with other forms of 1960s protest. Applying the term ‘decolonisation’ to Hotere’s fine art illustrates the possibilities of indigenous modernism – and of creativity more broadly – as a decolonising process, while highlighting the need to understand decolonisation through a transnational lens. By articulating Hotere’s investment in the project shared by many native artists who went to London after the Second World War and revitalised late modernism with the issues of anti-colonial struggle, and in identifying how this was not necessarily shared by settler artists from New Zealand who followed the same trajectory, the different projects of decolonisation caught up in the moment of New Commonwealth Internationalism are made visible.
Abin Chakraborty
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719096525
- eISBN:
- 9781526104335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719096525.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
The process of decolonisation refers to both struggles against colonial authorities and those against local elites who acquired and abused power after independence. Such struggles often sought ...
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The process of decolonisation refers to both struggles against colonial authorities and those against local elites who acquired and abused power after independence. Such struggles often sought inspiration through transnational networks, as illustrated by the global resonance of the nationalist independence struggle in Vietnam since 1945, against French and American domination. This chapter focuses on Indian movements in support of Vietnam which began in Bengal even before the independence of India. Such processes intensified after independence as leftist politics in Bengal merged Vietnamese struggles with the idiom of the local agrarian struggles that operated as the fulcrum of leftist politics. Utpal Dutt’s Invincible Vietnam (1966) was not only a product of these political and cultural processes but also contributed to them. The play was part of Dutt’s programme of ‘revolutionary theatre’, designed to revive the native traditions of militant struggle through the creation of a transnational idiom of national and international revolutionary struggles. This chapter focuses on Invincible Vietnam within this context, and locates this as part of Dutt’s larger project of staging the subaltern, especially since his plays were performed in front of hundreds of peasants and workers.Less
The process of decolonisation refers to both struggles against colonial authorities and those against local elites who acquired and abused power after independence. Such struggles often sought inspiration through transnational networks, as illustrated by the global resonance of the nationalist independence struggle in Vietnam since 1945, against French and American domination. This chapter focuses on Indian movements in support of Vietnam which began in Bengal even before the independence of India. Such processes intensified after independence as leftist politics in Bengal merged Vietnamese struggles with the idiom of the local agrarian struggles that operated as the fulcrum of leftist politics. Utpal Dutt’s Invincible Vietnam (1966) was not only a product of these political and cultural processes but also contributed to them. The play was part of Dutt’s programme of ‘revolutionary theatre’, designed to revive the native traditions of militant struggle through the creation of a transnational idiom of national and international revolutionary struggles. This chapter focuses on Invincible Vietnam within this context, and locates this as part of Dutt’s larger project of staging the subaltern, especially since his plays were performed in front of hundreds of peasants and workers.
Robert Huish
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813049106
- eISBN:
- 9780813046709
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813049106.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
At a time when many nations, including the United States, are seeking ways to embrace global health, Cuba provides an invaluable example of success. The case of Cuban medical internationalism ...
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At a time when many nations, including the United States, are seeking ways to embrace global health, Cuba provides an invaluable example of success. The case of Cuban medical internationalism illustrates how dedicated attention to global health can serve to fulfill national policy objectives while providing much-needed humanitarian assistance. Many Cuba scholars and policy critics, regardless of ideological affinity, have recognized Cuba’s impressive example of cooperation aimed at strengthening the most feeble health-care systems in the global South. Cuba’s medical internationalism is a working example of how ethical health strategies can assist low-income countries to build important foundations for comprehensive health-care capacity. Cuba’s provision of health-care services and its strategies for building long-term human resources capacity are seen as a success in both political and public health terms.Less
At a time when many nations, including the United States, are seeking ways to embrace global health, Cuba provides an invaluable example of success. The case of Cuban medical internationalism illustrates how dedicated attention to global health can serve to fulfill national policy objectives while providing much-needed humanitarian assistance. Many Cuba scholars and policy critics, regardless of ideological affinity, have recognized Cuba’s impressive example of cooperation aimed at strengthening the most feeble health-care systems in the global South. Cuba’s medical internationalism is a working example of how ethical health strategies can assist low-income countries to build important foundations for comprehensive health-care capacity. Cuba’s provision of health-care services and its strategies for building long-term human resources capacity are seen as a success in both political and public health terms.
Ilaria Scaglia
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198848325
- eISBN:
- 9780191882869
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198848325.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History, European Modern History
By examining a broad range of individuals and institutions engaged in international cooperation in the Alps in the 1920s and 1930s, this book explains how internationalists constructed and used ...
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By examining a broad range of individuals and institutions engaged in international cooperation in the Alps in the 1920s and 1930s, this book explains how internationalists constructed and used emotions to attain their goals. It undertakes a journey through the most diverse terrains and venues, from the international art exhibitions and congresses organized by the Union Internationale des Associations d’Alpinisme (also known as UIAA, or the International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation), to the summer camps and schools run by transnational bodies such as the League for Open-Air Education, to the international sanatoria for students, workers, and soldiers healing from tuberculosis in the Swiss village of Leysin. Along the way, this study encounters a broad spectrum of state and non-state actors involved a variety of cross-border endeavors, from large-scale infrastructure projects akin to the tunnel under the Mont Cenis, to the League of Nations and its propaganda efforts, to the plethora of smaller international organizations emulating the League’s work in fields as diverse as leisure, health, and education. Through this metaphorical travel, this book thus argues that starting from the nineteenth century and accelerating in the interwar years emotions became a fundamental feature of internationalism, shaped its development, and constitute an essential dimension of international history to this day.Less
By examining a broad range of individuals and institutions engaged in international cooperation in the Alps in the 1920s and 1930s, this book explains how internationalists constructed and used emotions to attain their goals. It undertakes a journey through the most diverse terrains and venues, from the international art exhibitions and congresses organized by the Union Internationale des Associations d’Alpinisme (also known as UIAA, or the International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation), to the summer camps and schools run by transnational bodies such as the League for Open-Air Education, to the international sanatoria for students, workers, and soldiers healing from tuberculosis in the Swiss village of Leysin. Along the way, this study encounters a broad spectrum of state and non-state actors involved a variety of cross-border endeavors, from large-scale infrastructure projects akin to the tunnel under the Mont Cenis, to the League of Nations and its propaganda efforts, to the plethora of smaller international organizations emulating the League’s work in fields as diverse as leisure, health, and education. Through this metaphorical travel, this book thus argues that starting from the nineteenth century and accelerating in the interwar years emotions became a fundamental feature of internationalism, shaped its development, and constitute an essential dimension of international history to this day.
Morton Keller and Phyllis Keller
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195144574
- eISBN:
- 9780197561829
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195144574.003.0023
- Subject:
- Education, History of Education
As soon as he became president, Bok set out to modernize Harvard’s central administration. His first move, recruiting a core of professional ...
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As soon as he became president, Bok set out to modernize Harvard’s central administration. His first move, recruiting a core of professional administrators, met with universal approval. In principle the administration simply provided services: financial, legal, health, information technology, food, real estate, personnel, development, government relations. But in practice this meant replacing Conant’s and Pusey’s low-keyed central “holding company” with a much more assertive, take-charge body of managers. As the number and agendas of the new bureaucrats grew, so did the tension between the faculty and the administration, between the more centralized direction of the University’s affairs and the venerable each-tub-on-its-own-bottom Harvard tradition. When Bok took office, the Harvard Corporation consisted of two recently elected academics, Charles Slichter of Illinois and John Morton Blum of Yale; two lawyers, Bostonian senior fellow Hooks Burr and Hugh Calkins of Cleveland; Socony-Mobil executive Albert Nickerson of New York; and Harvard’s treasurer, State Street banker George Bennett. By the time he left in 1991, all of them were gone, replaced by a heterogeneous mix ranging from Boston-New York businessmen (Gillette CEO Colman Mockler, Time publisher Andrew Heiskell, venture capitalist Robert G. Stone, Jr.) to Henry Rosovsky, the Corporation’s first Jewish fellow and its first Harvard faculty member since 1852, and Washington lawyer Judith Richards Hope, the first female fellow. Brahmin Boston had no representative on the Corporation that Bok bequeathed to his successor. During this time, too, three new treasurers came in quick succession: George Putnam, another State Street banker; Roderick MacDougall, a Bank of New England executive; and Ronald Daniel, a former partner in the conspicuously non-Old Boston consulting firm of McKinsey and Company. Across the board, old boys gave way to non-Brahmin newcomers. As both Harvard and its bureaucracy grew, the Corporation became more detached from the mundane realities of University governance. Streaming in from points south and west, the fellows met every two weeks on Monday mornings for a heavy schedule of reports, discussions, and meetings with the president and his chief administrative officers.
Less
As soon as he became president, Bok set out to modernize Harvard’s central administration. His first move, recruiting a core of professional administrators, met with universal approval. In principle the administration simply provided services: financial, legal, health, information technology, food, real estate, personnel, development, government relations. But in practice this meant replacing Conant’s and Pusey’s low-keyed central “holding company” with a much more assertive, take-charge body of managers. As the number and agendas of the new bureaucrats grew, so did the tension between the faculty and the administration, between the more centralized direction of the University’s affairs and the venerable each-tub-on-its-own-bottom Harvard tradition. When Bok took office, the Harvard Corporation consisted of two recently elected academics, Charles Slichter of Illinois and John Morton Blum of Yale; two lawyers, Bostonian senior fellow Hooks Burr and Hugh Calkins of Cleveland; Socony-Mobil executive Albert Nickerson of New York; and Harvard’s treasurer, State Street banker George Bennett. By the time he left in 1991, all of them were gone, replaced by a heterogeneous mix ranging from Boston-New York businessmen (Gillette CEO Colman Mockler, Time publisher Andrew Heiskell, venture capitalist Robert G. Stone, Jr.) to Henry Rosovsky, the Corporation’s first Jewish fellow and its first Harvard faculty member since 1852, and Washington lawyer Judith Richards Hope, the first female fellow. Brahmin Boston had no representative on the Corporation that Bok bequeathed to his successor. During this time, too, three new treasurers came in quick succession: George Putnam, another State Street banker; Roderick MacDougall, a Bank of New England executive; and Ronald Daniel, a former partner in the conspicuously non-Old Boston consulting firm of McKinsey and Company. Across the board, old boys gave way to non-Brahmin newcomers. As both Harvard and its bureaucracy grew, the Corporation became more detached from the mundane realities of University governance. Streaming in from points south and west, the fellows met every two weeks on Monday mornings for a heavy schedule of reports, discussions, and meetings with the president and his chief administrative officers.
Laurence Coderre
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9789888528011
- eISBN:
- 9789882204508
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888528011.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
In 1973, China Records released a new xiangsheng, or “crosstalk”: “Ode to Friendship” (Youyisong), performed by Ma Ji (1934-2006) and Tang Jiezhong (1932-) of the Central Broadcasting Cultural Work ...
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In 1973, China Records released a new xiangsheng, or “crosstalk”: “Ode to Friendship” (Youyisong), performed by Ma Ji (1934-2006) and Tang Jiezhong (1932-) of the Central Broadcasting Cultural Work Troupe. The piece showcased the People’s Republic of China’s current involvement in the building of the Tanzania-Zambia railroad, a project meant to free landlocked Zambia from its trade reliance on Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) and South Africa. “Ode to Friendship” sought to promote this involvement by exploiting the problems of translation that necessarily manifest themselves in the actual practice of global socialist revolution. This chapter focuses on moments of translingual (Chinese-English and Chinese-Swahili) mismatch in “Ode to Friendship” as comically productive instances when language falls intentionally short of revolutionary ideals in the very name of revolution. I argue that the piece as a whole is an exercise in the careful negotiation, management, and instrumentalization of linguistic failure. As much as “Ode to Friendship” attempts to harness the power of nonsense and miscommunication, however, it also reminds us that even the language of socialist revolution has its limits.Less
In 1973, China Records released a new xiangsheng, or “crosstalk”: “Ode to Friendship” (Youyisong), performed by Ma Ji (1934-2006) and Tang Jiezhong (1932-) of the Central Broadcasting Cultural Work Troupe. The piece showcased the People’s Republic of China’s current involvement in the building of the Tanzania-Zambia railroad, a project meant to free landlocked Zambia from its trade reliance on Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) and South Africa. “Ode to Friendship” sought to promote this involvement by exploiting the problems of translation that necessarily manifest themselves in the actual practice of global socialist revolution. This chapter focuses on moments of translingual (Chinese-English and Chinese-Swahili) mismatch in “Ode to Friendship” as comically productive instances when language falls intentionally short of revolutionary ideals in the very name of revolution. I argue that the piece as a whole is an exercise in the careful negotiation, management, and instrumentalization of linguistic failure. As much as “Ode to Friendship” attempts to harness the power of nonsense and miscommunication, however, it also reminds us that even the language of socialist revolution has its limits.
Heather Hindman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804786515
- eISBN:
- 9780804788557
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804786515.003.0006
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
Culture plays a central role in why workers go overseas and the challenges they encounter. This chapter looks at how the culture concept has been addressed within the business community and ...
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Culture plays a central role in why workers go overseas and the challenges they encounter. This chapter looks at how the culture concept has been addressed within the business community and incorporated into international employment. Examining practices such as cross-cultural training and the use of cultural assimilators, it suggests that attempts to address difference are often constrained by the imagination and will of experts to seriously attend to alterity. This is a particular problem in the small and extremely diverse country of Nepal. Attempts at cultural education can instead result in essentializing the Other. This problem of the codification of difference is put in relation to the performances of culture that are commonplace among expatriate communities. International fairs and celebrations of Nepali culture are a central part of the social life of foreigners in Kathmandu, and the address to culture in these venues presents challenges to the business ideology.Less
Culture plays a central role in why workers go overseas and the challenges they encounter. This chapter looks at how the culture concept has been addressed within the business community and incorporated into international employment. Examining practices such as cross-cultural training and the use of cultural assimilators, it suggests that attempts to address difference are often constrained by the imagination and will of experts to seriously attend to alterity. This is a particular problem in the small and extremely diverse country of Nepal. Attempts at cultural education can instead result in essentializing the Other. This problem of the codification of difference is put in relation to the performances of culture that are commonplace among expatriate communities. International fairs and celebrations of Nepali culture are a central part of the social life of foreigners in Kathmandu, and the address to culture in these venues presents challenges to the business ideology.
Anne Ring Petersen
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526121905
- eISBN:
- 9781526132352
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526121905.003.0003
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
Questions of cultural identity and the status of non-Western artists in the West have been important to the discourses on the interrelations between contemporary art, migration and globalisation for ...
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Questions of cultural identity and the status of non-Western artists in the West have been important to the discourses on the interrelations between contemporary art, migration and globalisation for at least two decades. Chapter 2 considers the connections between the critical discourse on cultural identity, the globalisation of the art world and the adoption of multicultural policies by Western art institutions. It critically engages with the British discourse on ‘New Internationalism’ in the 1990s as well as the wider and more recent discourse on ‘global art’. It is argued that discussions from the last twenty-five years have not only made it clear that institutional multiculturalism is not the answer to the challenge of attaining genuine recognition of non-Western artists in the West, but also revealed that the critical discourse on identity politics has not been able to come up with solutions, either. In fact, it is marred by the same binary thinking and mechanisms of exclusion that it aims to deconstruct. Chapter 2 concludes with two suggestions to how we can get beyond the deadlock of the critical discourse on identity politics.Less
Questions of cultural identity and the status of non-Western artists in the West have been important to the discourses on the interrelations between contemporary art, migration and globalisation for at least two decades. Chapter 2 considers the connections between the critical discourse on cultural identity, the globalisation of the art world and the adoption of multicultural policies by Western art institutions. It critically engages with the British discourse on ‘New Internationalism’ in the 1990s as well as the wider and more recent discourse on ‘global art’. It is argued that discussions from the last twenty-five years have not only made it clear that institutional multiculturalism is not the answer to the challenge of attaining genuine recognition of non-Western artists in the West, but also revealed that the critical discourse on identity politics has not been able to come up with solutions, either. In fact, it is marred by the same binary thinking and mechanisms of exclusion that it aims to deconstruct. Chapter 2 concludes with two suggestions to how we can get beyond the deadlock of the critical discourse on identity politics.
Diana Yeh
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888208173
- eISBN:
- 9789888268597
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208173.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter analyses Hsiung's success by locating it in the context of the revival of a fashion for China in the 1930s and broader geopolitics up to the Second World War. While the 1935 Exhibition ...
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This chapter analyses Hsiung's success by locating it in the context of the revival of a fashion for China in the 1930s and broader geopolitics up to the Second World War. While the 1935 Exhibition of Chinese Art at the Royal Academy is often seen as a pivotal event in improving views of the Chinese, this chapter shows that with the success of Lady Precious Stream, premiering a year earlier, it was Shih-I Hsiung who played a major role in shifting attitudes. This chapter discusses how his success was dependent on, and also became an agent in a series of intersecting socio-economic, cultural and political forces at work in Britain, China and internationally at the time. Specifically, it examines how he had conjured an image of China as Old Cathay that was seized upon as a vital political tool by various actors, especially the Chinese government as a propaganda tool in the Sino-Japanese war, but also in British and US domestic and international politics. It considers the diverse interpretations of Lady Precious Stream as it was appropriated into various political causes through various discourses on race, nation and cultural difference.Less
This chapter analyses Hsiung's success by locating it in the context of the revival of a fashion for China in the 1930s and broader geopolitics up to the Second World War. While the 1935 Exhibition of Chinese Art at the Royal Academy is often seen as a pivotal event in improving views of the Chinese, this chapter shows that with the success of Lady Precious Stream, premiering a year earlier, it was Shih-I Hsiung who played a major role in shifting attitudes. This chapter discusses how his success was dependent on, and also became an agent in a series of intersecting socio-economic, cultural and political forces at work in Britain, China and internationally at the time. Specifically, it examines how he had conjured an image of China as Old Cathay that was seized upon as a vital political tool by various actors, especially the Chinese government as a propaganda tool in the Sino-Japanese war, but also in British and US domestic and international politics. It considers the diverse interpretations of Lady Precious Stream as it was appropriated into various political causes through various discourses on race, nation and cultural difference.
Harilaos Stecopoulos
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781496802279
- eISBN:
- 9781496802323
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496802279.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
This chapter examines William Faulkner’s vexed relation to U.S. public diplomacy during the 1950s. Focusing on the novelist’s abortive chairmanship of the People-to-People’s literary committee, the ...
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This chapter examines William Faulkner’s vexed relation to U.S. public diplomacy during the 1950s. Focusing on the novelist’s abortive chairmanship of the People-to-People’s literary committee, the chapter links that failed attempt at cultural internationalism to The Mansion (1959). The bulk of the essay demonstrates how the latter novel challenges the very idea of appropriating modernism for cold war ideological ends.Less
This chapter examines William Faulkner’s vexed relation to U.S. public diplomacy during the 1950s. Focusing on the novelist’s abortive chairmanship of the People-to-People’s literary committee, the chapter links that failed attempt at cultural internationalism to The Mansion (1959). The bulk of the essay demonstrates how the latter novel challenges the very idea of appropriating modernism for cold war ideological ends.
