Kathryn C. Lavelle
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199765348
- eISBN:
- 9780199918959
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765348.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter explores the building stage of the relationships among Congress, the IMF, and the World Bank, along with their domestic constituencies in American politics. The exogenous change that ...
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This chapter explores the building stage of the relationships among Congress, the IMF, and the World Bank, along with their domestic constituencies in American politics. The exogenous change that facilitated this process was the gradual resumption of international lending after World War II when Citibank and Chase Manhattan extended their branch banking operations overseas. As the work programs of the IMF and World Bank evolved, they reached out to the corporate community and Wall Street, initially to enable securities legislation permitting the World Bank to raise capital domestically. The chapter argues that internationalists, together with banks and large corporations, forged a powerful bloc of support by promoting the Bretton Woods institutions as a rival development strategy to the communist one during the Cold War. The bloc subsequently assisted in passing legislation creating two new agencies under the umbrella of the World Bank Group, the International Development Association and the International Finance Corporation. An important mechanism of congressional advocacy in these years was the insertion of provisions in legislation creating them that influenced their early functioning.Less
This chapter explores the building stage of the relationships among Congress, the IMF, and the World Bank, along with their domestic constituencies in American politics. The exogenous change that facilitated this process was the gradual resumption of international lending after World War II when Citibank and Chase Manhattan extended their branch banking operations overseas. As the work programs of the IMF and World Bank evolved, they reached out to the corporate community and Wall Street, initially to enable securities legislation permitting the World Bank to raise capital domestically. The chapter argues that internationalists, together with banks and large corporations, forged a powerful bloc of support by promoting the Bretton Woods institutions as a rival development strategy to the communist one during the Cold War. The bloc subsequently assisted in passing legislation creating two new agencies under the umbrella of the World Bank Group, the International Development Association and the International Finance Corporation. An important mechanism of congressional advocacy in these years was the insertion of provisions in legislation creating them that influenced their early functioning.
Kathryn C. Lavelle
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199765348
- eISBN:
- 9780199918959
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765348.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
In this chapter, the IMF, World Bank, and Congress entered the revived stage of the relationship among them. The revival was triggered externally by the international dimensions of the 2008 financial ...
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In this chapter, the IMF, World Bank, and Congress entered the revived stage of the relationship among them. The revival was triggered externally by the international dimensions of the 2008 financial crisis. Internal change in the legislature came from the election of democratic President Barack Obama, ending the earlier period of divided government. The chapter argues that through congressional advocacy efforts, the IMF received an increase in its New Arrangements to Borrow, following an informal agreement to modify some conditionality and transparency practices. The World Bank achieved the authorization and appropriation for the fifteenth replenishment of the International Development Association, with provisions over the use of the labor indicator in the Doing Business report. The role of the IMF in the Eurozone bailouts associated with the Greek and Irish crises is not conclusive in 2011. However, the era of divided government that facilitated a certain degree of support for the Bretton Woods institutions ended with the close of the 111th Congress. The length and character of the revival faces the obstacle of the collapse of the traditional constituencies of support for the IMF and World Bank in the international banking communities in the long term.Less
In this chapter, the IMF, World Bank, and Congress entered the revived stage of the relationship among them. The revival was triggered externally by the international dimensions of the 2008 financial crisis. Internal change in the legislature came from the election of democratic President Barack Obama, ending the earlier period of divided government. The chapter argues that through congressional advocacy efforts, the IMF received an increase in its New Arrangements to Borrow, following an informal agreement to modify some conditionality and transparency practices. The World Bank achieved the authorization and appropriation for the fifteenth replenishment of the International Development Association, with provisions over the use of the labor indicator in the Doing Business report. The role of the IMF in the Eurozone bailouts associated with the Greek and Irish crises is not conclusive in 2011. However, the era of divided government that facilitated a certain degree of support for the Bretton Woods institutions ended with the close of the 111th Congress. The length and character of the revival faces the obstacle of the collapse of the traditional constituencies of support for the IMF and World Bank in the international banking communities in the long term.
Clark C. Gibson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199278855
- eISBN:
- 9780191602863
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199278857.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Incentives for an aid agency’s staff to learn about sustainability of field activities is one of the most fundamental factors in that agency’s quest for sustainable development outcomes. It is ...
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Incentives for an aid agency’s staff to learn about sustainability of field activities is one of the most fundamental factors in that agency’s quest for sustainable development outcomes. It is essential for agencies to base their decisions about development cooperation programs on an ongoing learning and adjustment process. Drawing from the general discussion of collective-action problems in public organizations in earlier chapters, the IAD framework is employed to identify and analyze specific collective-action problems within the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), and its relationships with counterparts and contractors, both at the Stockholm headquarters and in the field.Less
Incentives for an aid agency’s staff to learn about sustainability of field activities is one of the most fundamental factors in that agency’s quest for sustainable development outcomes. It is essential for agencies to base their decisions about development cooperation programs on an ongoing learning and adjustment process. Drawing from the general discussion of collective-action problems in public organizations in earlier chapters, the IAD framework is employed to identify and analyze specific collective-action problems within the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), and its relationships with counterparts and contractors, both at the Stockholm headquarters and in the field.
Nehal Bhuta
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199658244
- eISBN:
- 9780199949915
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199658244.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter studies the state fragility index of the US Agency for International Development (USAID). This index serves as an example of the uses, creation, and supposed measurement through ...
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This chapter studies the state fragility index of the US Agency for International Development (USAID). This index serves as an example of the uses, creation, and supposed measurement through indicators of the concepts of fragile, failing, or failed states. It describes this term as a ‘trading language’, which is used to refer to complicated social realities that are very heterogenous and have very little empirical and theoretical agreement.Less
This chapter studies the state fragility index of the US Agency for International Development (USAID). This index serves as an example of the uses, creation, and supposed measurement through indicators of the concepts of fragile, failing, or failed states. It describes this term as a ‘trading language’, which is used to refer to complicated social realities that are very heterogenous and have very little empirical and theoretical agreement.
Emmanuelle Jouannet
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199691661
- eISBN:
- 9780191738593
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199691661.003.0031
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
Classical International Development Law (IDL) has not kept its promises despite continuing attempts to implement it. Major legal principles such as the right of peoples to self-determination, ...
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Classical International Development Law (IDL) has not kept its promises despite continuing attempts to implement it. Major legal principles such as the right of peoples to self-determination, sovereignty over natural resources, and the right to nationalize against just compensation have helped to found and consolidate the sovereignty of newly independent states and let them properly consider their development. However, the set of legal norms that were subsequently adopted, which are legally binding and have been provided with some effectiveness, have proved extremely disappointing in their application. The new IDL of the post-Cold War years, which currently applies concurrently with conventional law on the matter seems no more effective. To change the existing dire condition, three options are open: sticking to the neo-liberal pro-market paradigm — an economically efficient but socially unfair solution; jettisoning any model of development — a blind alley; and changing the rules of the global economic system, and creating a new and fair New International Economic Order. This third option aims at changing the rules of the global economic system, recasting the Bretton Woods financial institutions, changing the rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and revising the World Trade Organization in a more equitable direction so that it finally refocuses relations between the various North(s) and South(s).Less
Classical International Development Law (IDL) has not kept its promises despite continuing attempts to implement it. Major legal principles such as the right of peoples to self-determination, sovereignty over natural resources, and the right to nationalize against just compensation have helped to found and consolidate the sovereignty of newly independent states and let them properly consider their development. However, the set of legal norms that were subsequently adopted, which are legally binding and have been provided with some effectiveness, have proved extremely disappointing in their application. The new IDL of the post-Cold War years, which currently applies concurrently with conventional law on the matter seems no more effective. To change the existing dire condition, three options are open: sticking to the neo-liberal pro-market paradigm — an economically efficient but socially unfair solution; jettisoning any model of development — a blind alley; and changing the rules of the global economic system, and creating a new and fair New International Economic Order. This third option aims at changing the rules of the global economic system, recasting the Bretton Woods financial institutions, changing the rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and revising the World Trade Organization in a more equitable direction so that it finally refocuses relations between the various North(s) and South(s).
Jonathan S. Addleton
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888139941
- eISBN:
- 9789888180868
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139941.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter surveys the 20-year history of development partnerships between the United States and Mongolia, focusing especially on the work of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and ...
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This chapter surveys the 20-year history of development partnerships between the United States and Mongolia, focusing especially on the work of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). It describes the evolution of the USAID program from one focused on immediate humanitarian relief to more sustainable long-term development. It also assesses some of the more notable USAID activities, including the Gobi Initiative, the GER Initiative, the establishment of Xac Bank and the revitalization of Xaan Bank. These early activities helped pave the way for a $285 million MCC program launched in 2008, one in which Mongolian partners played a key role.Less
This chapter surveys the 20-year history of development partnerships between the United States and Mongolia, focusing especially on the work of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). It describes the evolution of the USAID program from one focused on immediate humanitarian relief to more sustainable long-term development. It also assesses some of the more notable USAID activities, including the Gobi Initiative, the GER Initiative, the establishment of Xac Bank and the revitalization of Xaan Bank. These early activities helped pave the way for a $285 million MCC program launched in 2008, one in which Mongolian partners played a key role.
Nancy H. Kwak
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226282350
- eISBN:
- 9780226282497
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226282497.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter explains the nature of American interest in international housing conditions after World War II, as well as the mechanisms by which Americans funnelled aid abroad. American aid flowed ...
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This chapter explains the nature of American interest in international housing conditions after World War II, as well as the mechanisms by which Americans funnelled aid abroad. American aid flowed primarily through the international division of federal housing agencies, or the various agencies tasked with bilateral aid outside the Department of Defense. Americans also contributed to a wide array of international, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental bodies, exerting varying degrees of influence within each. This chapter details the various modes of American leadership and participation and then offers a short summary of the overarching organization of the book.Less
This chapter explains the nature of American interest in international housing conditions after World War II, as well as the mechanisms by which Americans funnelled aid abroad. American aid flowed primarily through the international division of federal housing agencies, or the various agencies tasked with bilateral aid outside the Department of Defense. Americans also contributed to a wide array of international, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental bodies, exerting varying degrees of influence within each. This chapter details the various modes of American leadership and participation and then offers a short summary of the overarching organization of the book.
Guy Fiti Sinclair
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198757962
- eISBN:
- 9780191817861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198757962.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter covers the first two decades of the World Bank’s operations, when it was transformed from a financial institution to a fully fledged development agency. After sketching the Bank’s ...
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This chapter covers the first two decades of the World Bank’s operations, when it was transformed from a financial institution to a fully fledged development agency. After sketching the Bank’s founding and the key terms of its Articles of Agreement, the chapter describes a series of innovations in its early activities; the articulation by its President of a philosophy of “development diplomacy”; the establishment of the International Development Association, dedicated to the concerns of “underdeveloped” states; and the formulation of a legal hermeneutic that would allow continuous expansion of the Bank’s activities. The chapter ends by describing how the international political project of “Third-World” states presented a challenge to the Bank, eliciting among other things an important official interpretation of the political prohibition in the Bank’s Articles, and a broadening concern for the social dimensions of development.Less
This chapter covers the first two decades of the World Bank’s operations, when it was transformed from a financial institution to a fully fledged development agency. After sketching the Bank’s founding and the key terms of its Articles of Agreement, the chapter describes a series of innovations in its early activities; the articulation by its President of a philosophy of “development diplomacy”; the establishment of the International Development Association, dedicated to the concerns of “underdeveloped” states; and the formulation of a legal hermeneutic that would allow continuous expansion of the Bank’s activities. The chapter ends by describing how the international political project of “Third-World” states presented a challenge to the Bank, eliciting among other things an important official interpretation of the political prohibition in the Bank’s Articles, and a broadening concern for the social dimensions of development.
Rebecca Tuuri
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469638904
- eISBN:
- 9781469638928
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469638904.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter explores the National Council of Negro Women's (NCNW) international work, focusing especially on NCNW's postwar work for human rights and its later formation of an international division ...
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This chapter explores the National Council of Negro Women's (NCNW) international work, focusing especially on NCNW's postwar work for human rights and its later formation of an international division in the 1970s. In 1973 Congress passed the Percy Amendment to the U.S. Foreign Service Act that pushed the U.S. government to ensure that women were beneficiaries of international development projects. In this climate, NCNW won $1.7 million dollars in funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) between 1975 and 1985. The U.S. government saw the women of the NCNW, as a black American women-led nonprofit organization, as the "natural allies" of women of African descent worldwide. With this money, the NCNW first hosted a concurrent conference for women of African descent at the International Women's Year conference in Mexico City, established an international division, and tried to create international poverty programming like it had in Mississippi.Less
This chapter explores the National Council of Negro Women's (NCNW) international work, focusing especially on NCNW's postwar work for human rights and its later formation of an international division in the 1970s. In 1973 Congress passed the Percy Amendment to the U.S. Foreign Service Act that pushed the U.S. government to ensure that women were beneficiaries of international development projects. In this climate, NCNW won $1.7 million dollars in funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) between 1975 and 1985. The U.S. government saw the women of the NCNW, as a black American women-led nonprofit organization, as the "natural allies" of women of African descent worldwide. With this money, the NCNW first hosted a concurrent conference for women of African descent at the International Women's Year conference in Mexico City, established an international division, and tried to create international poverty programming like it had in Mississippi.
Jonathan Benthall
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781784993085
- eISBN:
- 9781526124005
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784993085.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Middle Eastern Cultural Anthropology
This chapter was published in 2008, shortly after the decision of the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank to reorganize some 90 zakat committees and bring them under central control. The chapter ...
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This chapter was published in 2008, shortly after the decision of the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank to reorganize some 90 zakat committees and bring them under central control. The chapter (originally published by the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva) set out to review competing interpretations of the nature of the West Bank committees during the “Oslo period”, after limited autonomy was ceded by Israel to the Palestinian Authority but before the split between the West Bank and Gaza which took place in 2007. Allegations in the counter-terrorist literature that the zakat committees had been simply fronts for Hamas are considered here and found to be unpersuasive, short of hard evidence and especially in the light of the confidence that – according to reputable opinion surveys – they earned from the Palestinian public. A more benign interpretation is offered in this chapter – that these zakat committees were a result of the “Islamic resurgence” and were typically grass-roots, community based organizations that were beginning to tap into the international aid system, in response to urgent humanitarian needs and the pressures inflicted by the Israeli Occupation.Less
This chapter was published in 2008, shortly after the decision of the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank to reorganize some 90 zakat committees and bring them under central control. The chapter (originally published by the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva) set out to review competing interpretations of the nature of the West Bank committees during the “Oslo period”, after limited autonomy was ceded by Israel to the Palestinian Authority but before the split between the West Bank and Gaza which took place in 2007. Allegations in the counter-terrorist literature that the zakat committees had been simply fronts for Hamas are considered here and found to be unpersuasive, short of hard evidence and especially in the light of the confidence that – according to reputable opinion surveys – they earned from the Palestinian public. A more benign interpretation is offered in this chapter – that these zakat committees were a result of the “Islamic resurgence” and were typically grass-roots, community based organizations that were beginning to tap into the international aid system, in response to urgent humanitarian needs and the pressures inflicted by the Israeli Occupation.
Jade S. Sasser
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781479873432
- eISBN:
- 9781479860142
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479873432.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
In On Infertile Ground, Jade S. Sasser explores how a small network of international development actors, including private donors, NGO program managers, scientists, and youth advocates is bringing ...
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In On Infertile Ground, Jade S. Sasser explores how a small network of international development actors, including private donors, NGO program managers, scientists, and youth advocates is bringing population back to the center of public environmental debate. With an increasing focus on climate change coming to dominate news media and international development circles, population advocates have harnessed an opportunity to reframe population growth as an urgent source of climate crisis, and a unique opportunity to support women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) via funding international family planning policy. Making Sexual Stewards follows the network through a diverse range of sites—from Silicon Valley foundation headquarters to youth advocacy trainings, the halls of Congress and an international climate change conference—to investigate how the new population advocacy is constructed and circulated, while drawing on longstanding development narratives linking population growth to environmental scarcity and geopolitical instability. Sasser argues that this advocacy revolves around framing the sexual steward: a neoliberal development subject sitting at the nexus of discourses linking scientific knowledge production, creative donor advocacy, and youthful advocacy focused on global social justice.Less
In On Infertile Ground, Jade S. Sasser explores how a small network of international development actors, including private donors, NGO program managers, scientists, and youth advocates is bringing population back to the center of public environmental debate. With an increasing focus on climate change coming to dominate news media and international development circles, population advocates have harnessed an opportunity to reframe population growth as an urgent source of climate crisis, and a unique opportunity to support women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) via funding international family planning policy. Making Sexual Stewards follows the network through a diverse range of sites—from Silicon Valley foundation headquarters to youth advocacy trainings, the halls of Congress and an international climate change conference—to investigate how the new population advocacy is constructed and circulated, while drawing on longstanding development narratives linking population growth to environmental scarcity and geopolitical instability. Sasser argues that this advocacy revolves around framing the sexual steward: a neoliberal development subject sitting at the nexus of discourses linking scientific knowledge production, creative donor advocacy, and youthful advocacy focused on global social justice.
Myles A. Wickstead
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198744924
- eISBN:
- 9780191806025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198744924.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter shows how ideas about aid and development were shaped by events in eastern and central Europe and the former Soviet Union, in particular the increasing focus in aid programmes on issues ...
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This chapter shows how ideas about aid and development were shaped by events in eastern and central Europe and the former Soviet Union, in particular the increasing focus in aid programmes on issues around governance, democratization and rights. It also looks at the growing importance of poverty reduction as the key objective of aid and development, and the emergence of the new International Development Targets (IDTs).Less
This chapter shows how ideas about aid and development were shaped by events in eastern and central Europe and the former Soviet Union, in particular the increasing focus in aid programmes on issues around governance, democratization and rights. It also looks at the growing importance of poverty reduction as the key objective of aid and development, and the emergence of the new International Development Targets (IDTs).
Catherine A. Corson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300212273
- eISBN:
- 9780300225068
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300212273.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, African History
This chapter aims to show—by moving between policy-making sites in the United States and Madagascar—how the evolution of America's environmental investments in Madagascar was both constitutive and ...
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This chapter aims to show—by moving between policy-making sites in the United States and Madagascar—how the evolution of America's environmental investments in Madagascar was both constitutive and reflective of power relations between public and nonprofit organizations that transcended national boundaries. It first discusses the history of early U.S. aid to Madagascar. The chapter then analyzes the progression of contributions by the United States to the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP), documenting how the relationship among NGOs, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the U.S. Congress evolved through various conservation trends. It also evaluates impediments to the USAID mission's efforts to promote integrated environment and agriculture programs and the ways in which actors creatively worked around these constraints. Finally, the chapter explores the relationship between conservation politics in Washington, D.C. and in Madagascar.Less
This chapter aims to show—by moving between policy-making sites in the United States and Madagascar—how the evolution of America's environmental investments in Madagascar was both constitutive and reflective of power relations between public and nonprofit organizations that transcended national boundaries. It first discusses the history of early U.S. aid to Madagascar. The chapter then analyzes the progression of contributions by the United States to the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP), documenting how the relationship among NGOs, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the U.S. Congress evolved through various conservation trends. It also evaluates impediments to the USAID mission's efforts to promote integrated environment and agriculture programs and the ways in which actors creatively worked around these constraints. Finally, the chapter explores the relationship between conservation politics in Washington, D.C. and in Madagascar.
Sukhadeo Thorat and Samar Verma (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199474417
- eISBN:
- 9780199089062
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199474417.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
Social science research (SSR) has a vital role in enriching societies, by generating scientific knowledge that brings insights—even enlightenment—in understanding the dynamics of human behaviour and ...
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Social science research (SSR) has a vital role in enriching societies, by generating scientific knowledge that brings insights—even enlightenment—in understanding the dynamics of human behaviour and development. For social sciences to realize their potential in shaping public policy, it is imperative that the research ecosystem is dynamic and vibrant; the institutions governing it are robust and effective; and those producing quality research are strong and well governed. This volume elaborates on various dimensions of SSR in India, presenting a strong case for designing a comprehensive national social science policy which can meaningfully strengthen and promote a research ecosystem for improved public policymaking in the country. Addressing issues like lack of funding, availability of data, infrastructure, and quality of research output, it will serve as a national benchmark and reference database for social sciences in India.Less
Social science research (SSR) has a vital role in enriching societies, by generating scientific knowledge that brings insights—even enlightenment—in understanding the dynamics of human behaviour and development. For social sciences to realize their potential in shaping public policy, it is imperative that the research ecosystem is dynamic and vibrant; the institutions governing it are robust and effective; and those producing quality research are strong and well governed. This volume elaborates on various dimensions of SSR in India, presenting a strong case for designing a comprehensive national social science policy which can meaningfully strengthen and promote a research ecosystem for improved public policymaking in the country. Addressing issues like lack of funding, availability of data, infrastructure, and quality of research output, it will serve as a national benchmark and reference database for social sciences in India.
William O. Walker III
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781501726132
- eISBN:
- 9781501726149
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501726132.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter assesses the various obstacles impeding the expansion of the American Century from early 1961 through 1964. Numerous problems, including Laos, Berlin, the Cuban missile crisis, and ...
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This chapter assesses the various obstacles impeding the expansion of the American Century from early 1961 through 1964. Numerous problems, including Laos, Berlin, the Cuban missile crisis, and Vietnam brought into question John F. Kennedy’s leadership. His response too often minimized consultation with allies and, across the Third World, increasingly focused on security and stability through civic action programs, overseen by the Office of Public Safety in the Agency for International Development—to the great detriment, for example, of experiments like the Alliance for Progress. Meanwhile, the rise of multinational corporations and deficit-induced flight of gold thwarted Kennedy’s and Lyndon Johnson’s economic policies, while weakening America’s hegemony and credibility.Less
This chapter assesses the various obstacles impeding the expansion of the American Century from early 1961 through 1964. Numerous problems, including Laos, Berlin, the Cuban missile crisis, and Vietnam brought into question John F. Kennedy’s leadership. His response too often minimized consultation with allies and, across the Third World, increasingly focused on security and stability through civic action programs, overseen by the Office of Public Safety in the Agency for International Development—to the great detriment, for example, of experiments like the Alliance for Progress. Meanwhile, the rise of multinational corporations and deficit-induced flight of gold thwarted Kennedy’s and Lyndon Johnson’s economic policies, while weakening America’s hegemony and credibility.
Gurid Aga Askeland and Malcolm Payne
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447328704
- eISBN:
- 9781447328711
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447328704.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This chapter contains a brief biography and transcript of an interview with Sven Hessle, a leader in Swedish social work education, who was awarded the Katherine Kendall Award of the International ...
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This chapter contains a brief biography and transcript of an interview with Sven Hessle, a leader in Swedish social work education, who was awarded the Katherine Kendall Award of the International Association of Schools of Social Work in 2006, for his contribution to international social work education. Trained as a psychologist, after early experience as director of a therapeutic community for drug users, he worked with vulnerable multi-problem families. He later moved into research and teaching about child welfare practice in Sweden and internationally. He led a variety of projects to reconstruct social work in the former Yugoslavia, involving UNICEF and the Swedish International Development Agency, later becoming involved in other international projects in Asia. He argues for seeing a social aspect to many world problems and fears trends towards academization will diminish the value of the practical aspects of social work education.Less
This chapter contains a brief biography and transcript of an interview with Sven Hessle, a leader in Swedish social work education, who was awarded the Katherine Kendall Award of the International Association of Schools of Social Work in 2006, for his contribution to international social work education. Trained as a psychologist, after early experience as director of a therapeutic community for drug users, he worked with vulnerable multi-problem families. He later moved into research and teaching about child welfare practice in Sweden and internationally. He led a variety of projects to reconstruct social work in the former Yugoslavia, involving UNICEF and the Swedish International Development Agency, later becoming involved in other international projects in Asia. He argues for seeing a social aspect to many world problems and fears trends towards academization will diminish the value of the practical aspects of social work education.
Gurid Aga Askeland and Malcolm Payne
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447328704
- eISBN:
- 9781447328711
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447328704.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This chapter contains a biography of Harriet Jakobsson, a leader in Swedish social work education, who was awarded the Katherine Kendall Award of the International Association of Schools of Social ...
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This chapter contains a biography of Harriet Jakobsson, a leader in Swedish social work education, who was awarded the Katherine Kendall Award of the International Association of Schools of Social Work in 2000, for her contribution to international social work education. She fulfilled roles in social work education in Lund and Örebro universities and worked with refugees and with children in Africa and Asia, including leadership roles with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, and the Swedish International Development Commission. She contributed to the development of social work education in Lebanon as a professor of social. Her work with children reflected a strong focus on the rights and voice of children, promoting the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child.Less
This chapter contains a biography of Harriet Jakobsson, a leader in Swedish social work education, who was awarded the Katherine Kendall Award of the International Association of Schools of Social Work in 2000, for her contribution to international social work education. She fulfilled roles in social work education in Lund and Örebro universities and worked with refugees and with children in Africa and Asia, including leadership roles with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, and the Swedish International Development Commission. She contributed to the development of social work education in Lebanon as a professor of social. Her work with children reflected a strong focus on the rights and voice of children, promoting the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child.
James M. Denham
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813060491
- eISBN:
- 9780813050638
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813060491.003.0021
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Beginning with a summary of the dark economic picture that confronted the presidential election of 2008, this chapter covers the election of Barack Obama and its relevance to the Middle District of ...
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Beginning with a summary of the dark economic picture that confronted the presidential election of 2008, this chapter covers the election of Barack Obama and its relevance to the Middle District of Florida. The Obama Justice Department and the selection of new justices and magistrates as well as their backgrounds are covered. Middle Florida district judges, magistrate judges, and bankruptcy judges often joined other American jurists who participated in international symposiums and conferences sharing elements of American jurisprudence with those attempting to establish the rule of law in former totalitarian countries. The highlights of these activities are covered. In the early 2000s the Middle District developed and implemented historical and other important initiatives, such as developing courthouse exhibits and understood the publication of an historical book. These initiatives are chronicled in this final chapter.Less
Beginning with a summary of the dark economic picture that confronted the presidential election of 2008, this chapter covers the election of Barack Obama and its relevance to the Middle District of Florida. The Obama Justice Department and the selection of new justices and magistrates as well as their backgrounds are covered. Middle Florida district judges, magistrate judges, and bankruptcy judges often joined other American jurists who participated in international symposiums and conferences sharing elements of American jurisprudence with those attempting to establish the rule of law in former totalitarian countries. The highlights of these activities are covered. In the early 2000s the Middle District developed and implemented historical and other important initiatives, such as developing courthouse exhibits and understood the publication of an historical book. These initiatives are chronicled in this final chapter.
Graham Tipple
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235040
- eISBN:
- 9781846313097
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846313097
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Many countries have large stocks of government-built housing which, for various reasons, are in poor physical conditions and/or do not conform to the expectations of occupants, who frequently make ...
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Many countries have large stocks of government-built housing which, for various reasons, are in poor physical conditions and/or do not conform to the expectations of occupants, who frequently make unauthorised but quite considerable changes and extensions (transformations) to their dwellings. This book examines user-initiated transformations to government-built housing in Bangladesh, Egypt, Ghana, and Zimbabwe, surveyed in a research programme sponsored by the UK Department for International Development. The 1600 dwellings surveyed show how relatively low-income households are capable of supplying new rooms and services both to improve their own housing conditions and to supply rental rooms or accommodation for family members living rent-free. The new construction is often of at least as good quality as the original structures and sometime envelopes the original in a new skin. It is clear that transformation adds accommodation and services to existing housing, upgrades the housing stock, and creates variety out of uniformity. The study leads to policy suggestions to encourage transformations for the renewal of government housing. These include the provision of loan finance; the encouragement of co-operation between neighbours, especially in multi-storey housing; and the planned colonisation of open space next to the dwellings where plots are not provided. For new housing, it is clear that designs for new areas are only the beginning of an on-going development process rather than a blueprint for once-for-all development.Less
Many countries have large stocks of government-built housing which, for various reasons, are in poor physical conditions and/or do not conform to the expectations of occupants, who frequently make unauthorised but quite considerable changes and extensions (transformations) to their dwellings. This book examines user-initiated transformations to government-built housing in Bangladesh, Egypt, Ghana, and Zimbabwe, surveyed in a research programme sponsored by the UK Department for International Development. The 1600 dwellings surveyed show how relatively low-income households are capable of supplying new rooms and services both to improve their own housing conditions and to supply rental rooms or accommodation for family members living rent-free. The new construction is often of at least as good quality as the original structures and sometime envelopes the original in a new skin. It is clear that transformation adds accommodation and services to existing housing, upgrades the housing stock, and creates variety out of uniformity. The study leads to policy suggestions to encourage transformations for the renewal of government housing. These include the provision of loan finance; the encouragement of co-operation between neighbours, especially in multi-storey housing; and the planned colonisation of open space next to the dwellings where plots are not provided. For new housing, it is clear that designs for new areas are only the beginning of an on-going development process rather than a blueprint for once-for-all development.
Heather Hindman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804786515
- eISBN:
- 9780804788557
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804786515.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
The city of Kathmandu, Nepal, is saturated with foreign money and people through the industries of development, diplomacy and tourism. “Expatria in Nepal” explores a particular segment of that ...
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The city of Kathmandu, Nepal, is saturated with foreign money and people through the industries of development, diplomacy and tourism. “Expatria in Nepal” explores a particular segment of that foreign involvement, elite transnational workers, and how expatriates have been ambivalently discussed within anthropology. The chapter contextualizes the tensions that scholars and practitioners of overseas labor encounter in discussing issues of culture and difference, as well as the distinction-making practices that are a part of the process of producing “Expatria.” Yet Expatria is a moving target, changing over time and in different locations, although institutional similarities make a life of constant movement possible. The mediation of and by expatriates - their middlemen status - has been central to their jobs and identity abroad. The chapter concludes with a gesture to recent changes that may be undermining Expatria as an entity.Less
The city of Kathmandu, Nepal, is saturated with foreign money and people through the industries of development, diplomacy and tourism. “Expatria in Nepal” explores a particular segment of that foreign involvement, elite transnational workers, and how expatriates have been ambivalently discussed within anthropology. The chapter contextualizes the tensions that scholars and practitioners of overseas labor encounter in discussing issues of culture and difference, as well as the distinction-making practices that are a part of the process of producing “Expatria.” Yet Expatria is a moving target, changing over time and in different locations, although institutional similarities make a life of constant movement possible. The mediation of and by expatriates - their middlemen status - has been central to their jobs and identity abroad. The chapter concludes with a gesture to recent changes that may be undermining Expatria as an entity.
