Yue Zhang
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816683680
- eISBN:
- 9781452948836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816683680.003.0004
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
This chapter shows that, whereas urban preservation in Paris had long been a privilege of the state, the municipal government has begun to claim more autonomy over its urban territory and attempted ...
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This chapter shows that, whereas urban preservation in Paris had long been a privilege of the state, the municipal government has begun to claim more autonomy over its urban territory and attempted to incorporate urban preservation into a larger frame of urban development. Hence, urban preservation in Paris is gradually transformed from the monopoly of the state to a joint venture between the city and the state.Less
This chapter shows that, whereas urban preservation in Paris had long been a privilege of the state, the municipal government has begun to claim more autonomy over its urban territory and attempted to incorporate urban preservation into a larger frame of urban development. Hence, urban preservation in Paris is gradually transformed from the monopoly of the state to a joint venture between the city and the state.
Yingyi Qian
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262534246
- eISBN:
- 9780262342728
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262534246.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
As China has transformed itself from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, economists have tried to understand and interpret the success of Chinese reform. As the Chinese economist Yingyi ...
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As China has transformed itself from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, economists have tried to understand and interpret the success of Chinese reform. As the Chinese economist Yingyi Qian explains, there are two schools of thought on Chinese reform: the “School of Universal Principles,” which ascribes China’s successful reform to the workings of the free market, and the “School of Chinese Characteristics,” which holds that China’s reform is successful precisely because it did not follow the economics of the market but instead relied on the government. In this book, Qian offers a third perspective, taking certain elements from each school of thought but emphasizing not why reform worked but how it did. Economics is a science, but economic reform is applied science and engineering. To a practitioner, it is more useful to find a feasible reform path than the theoretically best way. The key to understanding how reform has worked in China, Qian argues, is to consider the way reform designs respond to initial historical conditions and contemporary constraints. Qian examines the role of “transitional institutions”—not “best practice institutions” but “incentive-compatible institutions”—in Chinese reform; the dual-track approach to market liberalization; the ownership of firms, viewed both theoretically and empirically; government decentralization, offering and testing hypotheses about its link to local economic development; and the specific historical conditions of China’s regional-based central planning.Less
As China has transformed itself from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, economists have tried to understand and interpret the success of Chinese reform. As the Chinese economist Yingyi Qian explains, there are two schools of thought on Chinese reform: the “School of Universal Principles,” which ascribes China’s successful reform to the workings of the free market, and the “School of Chinese Characteristics,” which holds that China’s reform is successful precisely because it did not follow the economics of the market but instead relied on the government. In this book, Qian offers a third perspective, taking certain elements from each school of thought but emphasizing not why reform worked but how it did. Economics is a science, but economic reform is applied science and engineering. To a practitioner, it is more useful to find a feasible reform path than the theoretically best way. The key to understanding how reform has worked in China, Qian argues, is to consider the way reform designs respond to initial historical conditions and contemporary constraints. Qian examines the role of “transitional institutions”—not “best practice institutions” but “incentive-compatible institutions”—in Chinese reform; the dual-track approach to market liberalization; the ownership of firms, viewed both theoretically and empirically; government decentralization, offering and testing hypotheses about its link to local economic development; and the specific historical conditions of China’s regional-based central planning.
Yue Zhang
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816683680
- eISBN:
- 9781452948836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816683680.003.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
This chapter presents the main theoretical framework of the book. After defining the concept of political fragmentation, the chapter identifies three major types of political fragmentation (i.e., ...
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This chapter presents the main theoretical framework of the book. After defining the concept of political fragmentation, the chapter identifies three major types of political fragmentation (i.e., functional, territorial, and intergovernmental) and specifies the effects of each type on the policy process.Less
This chapter presents the main theoretical framework of the book. After defining the concept of political fragmentation, the chapter identifies three major types of political fragmentation (i.e., functional, territorial, and intergovernmental) and specifies the effects of each type on the policy process.
Yue Zhang
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816683680
- eISBN:
- 9781452948836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816683680.003.0005
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
The conclusion synthesizes the results of the book and describes the implications of the study for urban preservation, social justice, and broader urban changes. It examines the explanatory power of ...
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The conclusion synthesizes the results of the book and describes the implications of the study for urban preservation, social justice, and broader urban changes. It examines the explanatory power of the theory of political fragmentation by discussing its potential application to the preservation practice in a number of major world cities.Less
The conclusion synthesizes the results of the book and describes the implications of the study for urban preservation, social justice, and broader urban changes. It examines the explanatory power of the theory of political fragmentation by discussing its potential application to the preservation practice in a number of major world cities.
Yue Zhang
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816683680
- eISBN:
- 9781452948836
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816683680.001.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
The practice of urban preservation has become increasingly controversial in modern cities. In some places, historic monuments dismantled decades ago are rebuilt in exactly the same fashion, whereas ...
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The practice of urban preservation has become increasingly controversial in modern cities. In some places, historic monuments dismantled decades ago are rebuilt in exactly the same fashion, whereas centuries-old urban dwellings are demolished and replaced by new structures with historic appearances. In other places, heritage status becomes the equivalent of tax benefits, which encourages the renovation of historic houses but leads to the displacement of longtime residents. Based on extensive fieldwork and archival data, this book explores how the joint force of policy discourse and political institution shapes the policy process and creates distinct patterns of urban preservation in Beijing, Paris, and Chicago. It argues that the policy concept of urban preservation has become a strategic device for political and social actors to frame their propositions and promote their favored course of action. At the same time, the fragmented urban power structure serves as a filter that constrains the implementation of the preservation initiatives. In particular, the book developed a typology of political fragmentation (i.e., functional, intergovernmental, and territorial) to compare how different types of political fragmentation have shaped the policy process of urban preservation in predictable ways. By wedding political science theory and method to the study of urban preservation, this book is one of the first efforts to reveal the political underpinnings of the topic. The cross-national comparative approach is not only critical to test the theoretical framework presented, but also depicts a richer picture of the modes of spatial and social governance in the urban world.Less
The practice of urban preservation has become increasingly controversial in modern cities. In some places, historic monuments dismantled decades ago are rebuilt in exactly the same fashion, whereas centuries-old urban dwellings are demolished and replaced by new structures with historic appearances. In other places, heritage status becomes the equivalent of tax benefits, which encourages the renovation of historic houses but leads to the displacement of longtime residents. Based on extensive fieldwork and archival data, this book explores how the joint force of policy discourse and political institution shapes the policy process and creates distinct patterns of urban preservation in Beijing, Paris, and Chicago. It argues that the policy concept of urban preservation has become a strategic device for political and social actors to frame their propositions and promote their favored course of action. At the same time, the fragmented urban power structure serves as a filter that constrains the implementation of the preservation initiatives. In particular, the book developed a typology of political fragmentation (i.e., functional, intergovernmental, and territorial) to compare how different types of political fragmentation have shaped the policy process of urban preservation in predictable ways. By wedding political science theory and method to the study of urban preservation, this book is one of the first efforts to reveal the political underpinnings of the topic. The cross-national comparative approach is not only critical to test the theoretical framework presented, but also depicts a richer picture of the modes of spatial and social governance in the urban world.
Yue Zhang
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816683680
- eISBN:
- 9781452948836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816683680.003.0002
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
This chapter examines how local officials’ purposes of pursuing urban growth and enhancing the global image of Beijing are filtered through the structure of functional fragmentation, thus generated a ...
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This chapter examines how local officials’ purposes of pursuing urban growth and enhancing the global image of Beijing are filtered through the structure of functional fragmentation, thus generated a pattern of symbolic preservation in Beijing.Less
This chapter examines how local officials’ purposes of pursuing urban growth and enhancing the global image of Beijing are filtered through the structure of functional fragmentation, thus generated a pattern of symbolic preservation in Beijing.
Yue Zhang
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816683680
- eISBN:
- 9781452948836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816683680.003.0003
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
This chapter demonstrates that, while urban preservation in Chicago has become a tool to increase property value and promote community revitalization, the territorial fragmentation along ward ...
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This chapter demonstrates that, while urban preservation in Chicago has become a tool to increase property value and promote community revitalization, the territorial fragmentation along ward boundaries has divided local communities and generated a model of mosaic preservation in the city.Less
This chapter demonstrates that, while urban preservation in Chicago has become a tool to increase property value and promote community revitalization, the territorial fragmentation along ward boundaries has divided local communities and generated a model of mosaic preservation in the city.
