Helga Drummond
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198289531
- eISBN:
- 9780191684722
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198289531.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, HRM / IR
Getting organizations going is one thing, stopping them is another. This book examines how and why organizations become trapped in disastrous decisions. The focal point is Project Taurus, an IT ...
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Getting organizations going is one thing, stopping them is another. This book examines how and why organizations become trapped in disastrous decisions. The focal point is Project Taurus, an IT venture commissioned by the London Stock Exchange and supported by numerous City Institutions. Taurus was intended to transform London's antiquated manual share settlement procedures into a state of the art electronic system that would be the envy of the world. The project collapsed after three years of intensive work and investments totalling almost 500 million pounds. This book is an in-depth study of escalation in decision making. It is based on interviews with a number of people who played a key role and presents a readable account of what actually happened. At the same time, it sets the case in the broader literature of decision making.Less
Getting organizations going is one thing, stopping them is another. This book examines how and why organizations become trapped in disastrous decisions. The focal point is Project Taurus, an IT venture commissioned by the London Stock Exchange and supported by numerous City Institutions. Taurus was intended to transform London's antiquated manual share settlement procedures into a state of the art electronic system that would be the envy of the world. The project collapsed after three years of intensive work and investments totalling almost 500 million pounds. This book is an in-depth study of escalation in decision making. It is based on interviews with a number of people who played a key role and presents a readable account of what actually happened. At the same time, it sets the case in the broader literature of decision making.
Wilson Brissett
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199769063
- eISBN:
- 9780199896851
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199769063.003.0020
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This chapter takes a look at thrift among low-income populations today, analyzing institutions that support and discourage thrift among the poor. Personal savings itself is institutionally arranged ...
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This chapter takes a look at thrift among low-income populations today, analyzing institutions that support and discourage thrift among the poor. Personal savings itself is institutionally arranged to be easily available to the prosperous and relatively inaccessible to the low-income worker. The sale of lottery tickets and the high-interest lending of payday loan centers, on the other hand, are available at every corner store and strip mall. In this way, government and mainstream market forces are discouraging the practice of thrift among low-income populations (often, as in the case of credit card companies, in the name of “democratization”) more forcefully than ever before. The rising tide of this “debt culture” has been countered by the growing influence of Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs), which offer a range of services from savings accounts to mortgage lending to venture capital investing in low-income areas, and usually enjoy support from government funding and partnership with commercial financial organizations. They have popularized the notion of a “double bottom line” that measures investment success by both financial return and social impact. The overall impact of CDFIs, however, has been too small to counteract substantially the anti-thrift forces among the American poor.Less
This chapter takes a look at thrift among low-income populations today, analyzing institutions that support and discourage thrift among the poor. Personal savings itself is institutionally arranged to be easily available to the prosperous and relatively inaccessible to the low-income worker. The sale of lottery tickets and the high-interest lending of payday loan centers, on the other hand, are available at every corner store and strip mall. In this way, government and mainstream market forces are discouraging the practice of thrift among low-income populations (often, as in the case of credit card companies, in the name of “democratization”) more forcefully than ever before. The rising tide of this “debt culture” has been countered by the growing influence of Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs), which offer a range of services from savings accounts to mortgage lending to venture capital investing in low-income areas, and usually enjoy support from government funding and partnership with commercial financial organizations. They have popularized the notion of a “double bottom line” that measures investment success by both financial return and social impact. The overall impact of CDFIs, however, has been too small to counteract substantially the anti-thrift forces among the American poor.
K. S. Jomo and Rudiger von Arnim
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199698561
- eISBN:
- 9780191738142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698561.003.0017
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This paper critically reviews the impact of globalization on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) since the early 1980s. The large gains expected from opening up to international economic forces have, to date, ...
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This paper critically reviews the impact of globalization on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) since the early 1980s. The large gains expected from opening up to international economic forces have, to date, been limited, and there have been significant adverse consequences. FDI in SSA has been largely confined to resource, especially mineral, extraction, even as continuing capital flight has reduced financial resources available for productive investments. Premature trade liberalization has further undermined prospects for SSA economic development as productive capacities in many sectors are not sufficiently competitive to take advantage of any improvements in market access.Less
This paper critically reviews the impact of globalization on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) since the early 1980s. The large gains expected from opening up to international economic forces have, to date, been limited, and there have been significant adverse consequences. FDI in SSA has been largely confined to resource, especially mineral, extraction, even as continuing capital flight has reduced financial resources available for productive investments. Premature trade liberalization has further undermined prospects for SSA economic development as productive capacities in many sectors are not sufficiently competitive to take advantage of any improvements in market access.
Jonathan Pattenden
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719089145
- eISBN:
- 9781526109583
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719089145.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
Intended for researchers, students, policymakers and practitioners, this book draws on detailed longitudinal fieldwork in rural south India to analyse the conditions of the rural poor and their ...
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Intended for researchers, students, policymakers and practitioners, this book draws on detailed longitudinal fieldwork in rural south India to analyse the conditions of the rural poor and their patterns of change. Focusing on the three interrelated arenas of production, state, and civil society, it argues for a class-relational approach focused on forms of exploitation, domination and accumulation. The book focuses on class relations, how they are mediated by state institutions and civil society organisations, and how they vary within the countryside, when rural-based labour migrates to the city, and according to patterns of accumulation, caste dynamics, and villages’ levels of irrigation and degrees of remoteness. More specifically it analyses class relations in the agriculture and construction sectors, and among local government institutions, social movements, community-based organisations and NGOs. It shows how the dominant class reproduces its control over labour by shaping the activities of increasingly prominent local government institutions, and by exerting influence over the mass of new community-based organisations whose formation has been fostered by neoliberal policy. The book is centrally concerned with countervailing moves to improve the position of classes of labour. Increasingly informalised and segmented across multiple occupations in multiple locations, India’s ‘classes of labour’ are far from passive in the face of ongoing processes of exploitation and domination. Forms of labouring class organisation are often small-scale and tend to be oriented around the state and social policy. Despite their limitations, the book argues that such forms of contestation of government policy currently play a significant role in strategies for redistributing power and resources towards the labouring class, and suggests that they can help to clear the way for more broad-based and fundamental social change.Less
Intended for researchers, students, policymakers and practitioners, this book draws on detailed longitudinal fieldwork in rural south India to analyse the conditions of the rural poor and their patterns of change. Focusing on the three interrelated arenas of production, state, and civil society, it argues for a class-relational approach focused on forms of exploitation, domination and accumulation. The book focuses on class relations, how they are mediated by state institutions and civil society organisations, and how they vary within the countryside, when rural-based labour migrates to the city, and according to patterns of accumulation, caste dynamics, and villages’ levels of irrigation and degrees of remoteness. More specifically it analyses class relations in the agriculture and construction sectors, and among local government institutions, social movements, community-based organisations and NGOs. It shows how the dominant class reproduces its control over labour by shaping the activities of increasingly prominent local government institutions, and by exerting influence over the mass of new community-based organisations whose formation has been fostered by neoliberal policy. The book is centrally concerned with countervailing moves to improve the position of classes of labour. Increasingly informalised and segmented across multiple occupations in multiple locations, India’s ‘classes of labour’ are far from passive in the face of ongoing processes of exploitation and domination. Forms of labouring class organisation are often small-scale and tend to be oriented around the state and social policy. Despite their limitations, the book argues that such forms of contestation of government policy currently play a significant role in strategies for redistributing power and resources towards the labouring class, and suggests that they can help to clear the way for more broad-based and fundamental social change.
Clifford Siskin
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262035316
- eISBN:
- 9780262336345
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262035316.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This book illuminates the role that “system” has played in the shaping and reshaping of modern knowledge. System can describe what we see, as with Galileo’s sighting of Jupiter’s moons, operate a ...
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This book illuminates the role that “system” has played in the shaping and reshaping of modern knowledge. System can describe what we see, as with Galileo’s sighting of Jupiter’s moons, operate a computer, or be made on a page or screen like a sonnet or a letter. Starting in the seventeenth century, more and more people wrote and published works that they named and titled “system”—turning system into one of the forms, along with competitors such as treatises and histories, that filled the Enlightenment with the work of writing. I identify features of the genre of system, such as its scalability, that explain why it has been so essential to efforts to know the world for so long. Beginning with Galileo’s “message” from the stars and Bacon’s turn from scholasticism, my argument tracks system in its many intellectual and social incarnations, from Newton’s “system of the world” and the proliferating systems that generated Enlightenment and the modern disciplines and institutions that emerged from it to Darwin’s algorithmic system of survival and our own plethora of new uses for, and kinds of, system—including network, nervous, computing, and communication systems, as well as systems theory, self-organizing systems, and system professionals. It concludes by tracking system to its new position in what is being called the “computational universe”—one in which system generates the world it helps us to know. We may then we be entering a new chapter in the shape of knowledge from the Enlightenment with system in a newly performative role.Less
This book illuminates the role that “system” has played in the shaping and reshaping of modern knowledge. System can describe what we see, as with Galileo’s sighting of Jupiter’s moons, operate a computer, or be made on a page or screen like a sonnet or a letter. Starting in the seventeenth century, more and more people wrote and published works that they named and titled “system”—turning system into one of the forms, along with competitors such as treatises and histories, that filled the Enlightenment with the work of writing. I identify features of the genre of system, such as its scalability, that explain why it has been so essential to efforts to know the world for so long. Beginning with Galileo’s “message” from the stars and Bacon’s turn from scholasticism, my argument tracks system in its many intellectual and social incarnations, from Newton’s “system of the world” and the proliferating systems that generated Enlightenment and the modern disciplines and institutions that emerged from it to Darwin’s algorithmic system of survival and our own plethora of new uses for, and kinds of, system—including network, nervous, computing, and communication systems, as well as systems theory, self-organizing systems, and system professionals. It concludes by tracking system to its new position in what is being called the “computational universe”—one in which system generates the world it helps us to know. We may then we be entering a new chapter in the shape of knowledge from the Enlightenment with system in a newly performative role.
Patrick J. W. Egan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262037358
- eISBN:
- 9780262344265
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262037358.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This book considers patterns of inward foreign investment in emerging economies. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has long been recognized as a potential source of developmental benefits for host ...
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This book considers patterns of inward foreign investment in emerging economies. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has long been recognized as a potential source of developmental benefits for host countries, but existing studies have not always considered the heterogeneity of FDI or the types of activities pursued by multinationals in peripheral markets. This book examines the uneven spread of innovation-intensive investment to emerging economies, and asks questions about its determinants. Through use of large scale firm surveys, firm and country level data, and case studies, this book demonstrates that host country institutions and policies have a strong impact on the likelihood and intensity of local innovation by multinationals. This book unpacks the multifaceted concept of innovation, and proposes multiple measures including R&D spending, patents, and other indicators. The analysis also considers sectoral differences in innovation patterns, and how innovative foreign firms do or do not become embedded in host economies. This book modifies comparative institutional analysis for an era of multinational production, and has important implications for industrial policy and investment promotion practices. Host country institutions, which serve as intermediaries between foreign forms and domestic markets, have an important role to play in reducing the risk inherent in decentralized innovation. This book therefore contributes to diverse literatures on the political economy of FDI, development, and international business studies.Less
This book considers patterns of inward foreign investment in emerging economies. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has long been recognized as a potential source of developmental benefits for host countries, but existing studies have not always considered the heterogeneity of FDI or the types of activities pursued by multinationals in peripheral markets. This book examines the uneven spread of innovation-intensive investment to emerging economies, and asks questions about its determinants. Through use of large scale firm surveys, firm and country level data, and case studies, this book demonstrates that host country institutions and policies have a strong impact on the likelihood and intensity of local innovation by multinationals. This book unpacks the multifaceted concept of innovation, and proposes multiple measures including R&D spending, patents, and other indicators. The analysis also considers sectoral differences in innovation patterns, and how innovative foreign firms do or do not become embedded in host economies. This book modifies comparative institutional analysis for an era of multinational production, and has important implications for industrial policy and investment promotion practices. Host country institutions, which serve as intermediaries between foreign forms and domestic markets, have an important role to play in reducing the risk inherent in decentralized innovation. This book therefore contributes to diverse literatures on the political economy of FDI, development, and international business studies.
Christine Greenhow, Julia Sonnevend, and Colin Agur (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262034470
- eISBN:
- 9780262334853
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034470.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
The past ten years have brought significant growth in access to Web technology and in the educational possibilities of social media. These changes challenge previous conceptualizations of education ...
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The past ten years have brought significant growth in access to Web technology and in the educational possibilities of social media. These changes challenge previous conceptualizations of education and the classroom, and pose practical questions for learners, teachers, and administrators. Today, the unique capabilities of social media are influencing learning and teaching in ways previously unseen. Social media is transforming sectors outside education by changing patterns in personal, commercial, and cultural interaction. These changes offer a window into the future(s) of education, with new means of knowledge production and reception, and new roles for learners and teachers. Surveying the uses to which social media has been applied in these early years, we see a need to re-envision education for the coming decades. To date, no book has systematically and accessibly examined how the cultural and technological shift of social media is influencing educational practices. With this book, we aim to fill that gap. This book critically explores the future of education and online social media, convening leading scholars from the fields of education, law, communications, and cultural studies. We believe that this interdisciplinary edited volume will appeal to a broad audience of scholars, practitioners, and policy makers who seek to understand the opportunities for learning and education that exist at the intersection of social media and education. The book will examine educational institutions, access and participation, new literacies and competencies, cultural reproduction, international accreditation, intellectual property, privacy and protection, new business models, and technical architectures for digital education.Less
The past ten years have brought significant growth in access to Web technology and in the educational possibilities of social media. These changes challenge previous conceptualizations of education and the classroom, and pose practical questions for learners, teachers, and administrators. Today, the unique capabilities of social media are influencing learning and teaching in ways previously unseen. Social media is transforming sectors outside education by changing patterns in personal, commercial, and cultural interaction. These changes offer a window into the future(s) of education, with new means of knowledge production and reception, and new roles for learners and teachers. Surveying the uses to which social media has been applied in these early years, we see a need to re-envision education for the coming decades. To date, no book has systematically and accessibly examined how the cultural and technological shift of social media is influencing educational practices. With this book, we aim to fill that gap. This book critically explores the future of education and online social media, convening leading scholars from the fields of education, law, communications, and cultural studies. We believe that this interdisciplinary edited volume will appeal to a broad audience of scholars, practitioners, and policy makers who seek to understand the opportunities for learning and education that exist at the intersection of social media and education. The book will examine educational institutions, access and participation, new literacies and competencies, cultural reproduction, international accreditation, intellectual property, privacy and protection, new business models, and technical architectures for digital education.
Helga Nowotny and Giuseppe Testa
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262014939
- eISBN:
- 9780262295802
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014939.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This book charts the mutual reconfiguration between scientific and social innovations in and around the molecular life sciences. Today’s biology is making visible what was once invisible. It parses ...
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This book charts the mutual reconfiguration between scientific and social innovations in and around the molecular life sciences. Today’s biology is making visible what was once invisible. It parses life into new units of sense-making and reassembles them into new forms: from genes to clones, from embryonic stages to the building-blocks of synthetic biology. Yet, extracted from their scientific and social context and turned into mobile resources, technical and discursive alike, these new forms of life become not only visible but indeed “naked”: ready to assume an – illusory - essential status and thereby take on multiple values and meanings as they pass from labs to courts, from patent offices to parliaments – and back. Our goal is to cast a new gaze on these dramatic advances in the life sciences by probing their mutual interaction with equally dramatic re-configurations in the political texture of our societies. To this end, we focus on paradigmatic encounters between scientific and social ingenuity, from assisted reproduction through personalized medicine to genetic sports doping. We bring into relief surprising continuities as well as radical discontinuities between innovation and tradition. On this basis we then trace how, when social arrangements appear disrupted, advances in the life sciences combine with “human technologies”–the law, governance, and ethics– to stabilize or innovate social order. This brings us to conclude that the task of institutions in the molecular age is to enable pluralism by carving a legitimate space for experimentation with new forms of biological life as well as with new forms of social life. Less
This book charts the mutual reconfiguration between scientific and social innovations in and around the molecular life sciences. Today’s biology is making visible what was once invisible. It parses life into new units of sense-making and reassembles them into new forms: from genes to clones, from embryonic stages to the building-blocks of synthetic biology. Yet, extracted from their scientific and social context and turned into mobile resources, technical and discursive alike, these new forms of life become not only visible but indeed “naked”: ready to assume an – illusory - essential status and thereby take on multiple values and meanings as they pass from labs to courts, from patent offices to parliaments – and back. Our goal is to cast a new gaze on these dramatic advances in the life sciences by probing their mutual interaction with equally dramatic re-configurations in the political texture of our societies. To this end, we focus on paradigmatic encounters between scientific and social ingenuity, from assisted reproduction through personalized medicine to genetic sports doping. We bring into relief surprising continuities as well as radical discontinuities between innovation and tradition. On this basis we then trace how, when social arrangements appear disrupted, advances in the life sciences combine with “human technologies”–the law, governance, and ethics– to stabilize or innovate social order. This brings us to conclude that the task of institutions in the molecular age is to enable pluralism by carving a legitimate space for experimentation with new forms of biological life as well as with new forms of social life.
John Bryden, Ottar Brox, and Lesley Riddoch (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780748696208
- eISBN:
- 9781474412506
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748696208.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This book, which has a Preface by Scotland’s leading historian, Sir Tom Devine, is a comparative study of the economic, social and political development of Norway and Scotland, mainly since about ...
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This book, which has a Preface by Scotland’s leading historian, Sir Tom Devine, is a comparative study of the economic, social and political development of Norway and Scotland, mainly since about 1800. The authors are from Scotland, Norway, Denmark, England and Finland. It starts with an overview of the histories of the two countries, which were closely intertwined between the 8th and 17th Centuries, and the economic, social and political relationships between them. It includes specific chapters dealing with the comparative development of political institutions and democracy, agriculture and land ownership, industry, local government, money and banking, the welfare state, education, outdoor activities and recreation and religion. There are additional chapters on the impacts of the two World Wars on political relations between Scotland and Norway, on core issue in the comparison of social developments in the two countries, and on the theories that may help us to understand to diverse development paths of Norway and Scotland. The content and focus of the book is unique and original, and joins historians, economists, political scientists, anthropologists, geographers and sociologists in an important example of comparative analysis covering the long term. It is intended to provide analysis that will be helpful for debates on the future of Scotland after Brexit, whether within or outside the United Kingdom, for example on the monetary and banking questions, the welfare state, early childhood education, land and resource ownership, North Sea oil and gas, local government and decentralisation, agriculture and rural development, religion, and external relations, among others.Less
This book, which has a Preface by Scotland’s leading historian, Sir Tom Devine, is a comparative study of the economic, social and political development of Norway and Scotland, mainly since about 1800. The authors are from Scotland, Norway, Denmark, England and Finland. It starts with an overview of the histories of the two countries, which were closely intertwined between the 8th and 17th Centuries, and the economic, social and political relationships between them. It includes specific chapters dealing with the comparative development of political institutions and democracy, agriculture and land ownership, industry, local government, money and banking, the welfare state, education, outdoor activities and recreation and religion. There are additional chapters on the impacts of the two World Wars on political relations between Scotland and Norway, on core issue in the comparison of social developments in the two countries, and on the theories that may help us to understand to diverse development paths of Norway and Scotland. The content and focus of the book is unique and original, and joins historians, economists, political scientists, anthropologists, geographers and sociologists in an important example of comparative analysis covering the long term. It is intended to provide analysis that will be helpful for debates on the future of Scotland after Brexit, whether within or outside the United Kingdom, for example on the monetary and banking questions, the welfare state, early childhood education, land and resource ownership, North Sea oil and gas, local government and decentralisation, agriculture and rural development, religion, and external relations, among others.
Joseph Stiglitz and Akbar Noman (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231175180
- eISBN:
- 9780231540773
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231175180.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The revival of economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is all the more welcome for having followed one of the worst economic disasters—a quarter century of economic malaise for most of the region—since ...
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The revival of economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is all the more welcome for having followed one of the worst economic disasters—a quarter century of economic malaise for most of the region—since the industrial revolution. Six of the world’s fastest-growing economies in the first decade of this century were African. Yet only in Ethiopia and Rwanda was growth not based on resources and the rising price of oil. Deindustrialization has yet to be reversed, and progress toward creating a modern economy remains limited. This book explores the vital role that active government policies can play in transforming African economies. Such policies pertain not just to industry. They traverse all economic sectors, including finance, information technology, and agriculture. These packages of learning, industrial, and technology (LIT) policies aim to bring vigorous and lasting growth to the region. This collection features case studies of LIT policies in action in many parts of the world, examining their risks and rewards and what they mean for Sub-Saharan Africa.Less
The revival of economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is all the more welcome for having followed one of the worst economic disasters—a quarter century of economic malaise for most of the region—since the industrial revolution. Six of the world’s fastest-growing economies in the first decade of this century were African. Yet only in Ethiopia and Rwanda was growth not based on resources and the rising price of oil. Deindustrialization has yet to be reversed, and progress toward creating a modern economy remains limited. This book explores the vital role that active government policies can play in transforming African economies. Such policies pertain not just to industry. They traverse all economic sectors, including finance, information technology, and agriculture. These packages of learning, industrial, and technology (LIT) policies aim to bring vigorous and lasting growth to the region. This collection features case studies of LIT policies in action in many parts of the world, examining their risks and rewards and what they mean for Sub-Saharan Africa.
Mariya Y. Omelicheva
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813160689
- eISBN:
- 9780813161006
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813160689.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter discusses the lack of true democracy in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan in order to set the stage for a presentation of the study's findings. In the mid-1980s the leadership in ...
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This chapter discusses the lack of true democracy in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan in order to set the stage for a presentation of the study's findings. In the mid-1980s the leadership in the republics of Central Asia was either quiescent in the face of looming changes within the Soviet Union or loyal to the central Soviet leadership and supportive of the Soviet federation's preservation. Ultimately, however, Central Asian governments backed democratization, and the leaders of these republics openly renounced their communist beliefs and affiliations. Western international organizations then launched development, democracy promotion, and security-related projects in these states. Although there were legitimate concerns about these republics' susceptibility to political instability and economic crises, there was also hope that these countries would undergo quick political reform, marketization, and transformation into liberal democratic states. But none of the Central Asian states has met these expectations. Today, Central Asian regimes sit along a continuum of autocracy rather than democracy, their power and authority firmly concentrated in the presidential office and maintained through a combination of repression, co-option, and political constraints on societal institutions.Less
This chapter discusses the lack of true democracy in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan in order to set the stage for a presentation of the study's findings. In the mid-1980s the leadership in the republics of Central Asia was either quiescent in the face of looming changes within the Soviet Union or loyal to the central Soviet leadership and supportive of the Soviet federation's preservation. Ultimately, however, Central Asian governments backed democratization, and the leaders of these republics openly renounced their communist beliefs and affiliations. Western international organizations then launched development, democracy promotion, and security-related projects in these states. Although there were legitimate concerns about these republics' susceptibility to political instability and economic crises, there was also hope that these countries would undergo quick political reform, marketization, and transformation into liberal democratic states. But none of the Central Asian states has met these expectations. Today, Central Asian regimes sit along a continuum of autocracy rather than democracy, their power and authority firmly concentrated in the presidential office and maintained through a combination of repression, co-option, and political constraints on societal institutions.
Caitríona Carter and Martin Lawn (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719091858
- eISBN:
- 9781781708415
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091858.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
What do we imagine when we imagine Europe and the European Union? To what extent is our understanding of the EU – of its development, its policies and its working processes – shaped by unacknowledged ...
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What do we imagine when we imagine Europe and the European Union? To what extent is our understanding of the EU – of its development, its policies and its working processes – shaped by unacknowledged assumptions about what Europe really is? This book argues that continued theoretical debates on the EU, although important, are nonetheless camouflaging a more fundamental divide about how we can and should imagine Europe. Indeed, for a long time, EU studies has been dominated by discussions over whether the EU is supranational or intergovernmental or multi-level. This book constructs a case for re-imagining Europe – not as an entity in Brussels or a series of fixed relations - but as a simultaneously real and imagined space of action which exists to the extent that Europeans and others act in and on it. This Europe is constantly being made in particular spaces, through specific actor struggles, whose interconnections are often ill defined. We ask how do those concerned with building Europe, with extending and elaborating the EU, think of where they are and what they are doing? The book presents original empirical material to capture Europeans in the process of making Europe: of performing, interpreting, modelling, referencing, consulting, measuring and de-politicising Europe. It will be of interest both to undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as academics or practitioners who work in and on Europe – anyone who wants to look afresh at Europe and its Union and think again about its political project.Less
What do we imagine when we imagine Europe and the European Union? To what extent is our understanding of the EU – of its development, its policies and its working processes – shaped by unacknowledged assumptions about what Europe really is? This book argues that continued theoretical debates on the EU, although important, are nonetheless camouflaging a more fundamental divide about how we can and should imagine Europe. Indeed, for a long time, EU studies has been dominated by discussions over whether the EU is supranational or intergovernmental or multi-level. This book constructs a case for re-imagining Europe – not as an entity in Brussels or a series of fixed relations - but as a simultaneously real and imagined space of action which exists to the extent that Europeans and others act in and on it. This Europe is constantly being made in particular spaces, through specific actor struggles, whose interconnections are often ill defined. We ask how do those concerned with building Europe, with extending and elaborating the EU, think of where they are and what they are doing? The book presents original empirical material to capture Europeans in the process of making Europe: of performing, interpreting, modelling, referencing, consulting, measuring and de-politicising Europe. It will be of interest both to undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as academics or practitioners who work in and on Europe – anyone who wants to look afresh at Europe and its Union and think again about its political project.
Anne Borsay and Pamela Dale (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719096938
- eISBN:
- 9781781708637
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719096938.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This book seeks to integrate the history of mental health nursing with the wider history of institutional and community care for people experiencing mental illness and/or living with a learning ...
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This book seeks to integrate the history of mental health nursing with the wider history of institutional and community care for people experiencing mental illness and/or living with a learning disability. It develops new research questions by drawing together a concern with exploring the class, gender, skills and working conditions of practitioners with an assessment of the care regimes staff helped create and patients’ experiences of them. Contributors from a range of disciplines use a variety of source material to examine both continuity and change in the history of care over two centuries. The book benefits from a foreword by Mick Carpenter and will appeal to researchers and students interested in all aspects of the history of nursing and the history of care. The book is also designed to be accessible to practitioners and the general reader.Less
This book seeks to integrate the history of mental health nursing with the wider history of institutional and community care for people experiencing mental illness and/or living with a learning disability. It develops new research questions by drawing together a concern with exploring the class, gender, skills and working conditions of practitioners with an assessment of the care regimes staff helped create and patients’ experiences of them. Contributors from a range of disciplines use a variety of source material to examine both continuity and change in the history of care over two centuries. The book benefits from a foreword by Mick Carpenter and will appeal to researchers and students interested in all aspects of the history of nursing and the history of care. The book is also designed to be accessible to practitioners and the general reader.
Akbar Noman and Joseph E. Stiglitz
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231175180
- eISBN:
- 9780231540773
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231175180.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Africa's development exeperience and its controversies; the case for industrial policies and an overview of the volume.
Africa's development exeperience and its controversies; the case for industrial policies and an overview of the volume.
Ruth Craggs and Claire Wintle
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719096525
- eISBN:
- 9781526104335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719096525.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter sets out the key arguments of Cultures of Decolonisation. It begins by exploring the existing historiography of decolonisation, before explaining the value of the interdisciplinary and ...
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This chapter sets out the key arguments of Cultures of Decolonisation. It begins by exploring the existing historiography of decolonisation, before explaining the value of the interdisciplinary and transnational approach taken in the volume. It then delineates the authors’ approach to reframing the role of culture in decolonisation, highlighting three main arguments and strands of investigation. First, a claim is made for the agency of culture in a process more often understood through a political-economic lens; second, the value of focusing on the role of cultural institutions in decolonisation is emphasised; and third, the chapter contends that it is crucial to recognise the transnational and comparative character of cultures of decolonisation (and of decolonisation itself).Less
This chapter sets out the key arguments of Cultures of Decolonisation. It begins by exploring the existing historiography of decolonisation, before explaining the value of the interdisciplinary and transnational approach taken in the volume. It then delineates the authors’ approach to reframing the role of culture in decolonisation, highlighting three main arguments and strands of investigation. First, a claim is made for the agency of culture in a process more often understood through a political-economic lens; second, the value of focusing on the role of cultural institutions in decolonisation is emphasised; and third, the chapter contends that it is crucial to recognise the transnational and comparative character of cultures of decolonisation (and of decolonisation itself).
Elizabeth Todd-Breland
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469646589
- eISBN:
- 9781469647173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646589.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter focuses on the creation of independent Black educational institutions as another articulation and enactment of a Black self-determinist politics of Black achievement. This chapter ...
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This chapter focuses on the creation of independent Black educational institutions as another articulation and enactment of a Black self-determinist politics of Black achievement. This chapter specifically focuses on the Institute of Positive Education (IPE), an independent Black institution influenced by the Black Power and Black Arts movements. Like many community control advocates, these Black education reformers were not interested in pursuing integration. The architects of IPE–-including Soyini Walton, Carol Lee, and Haki Madhubuti—rejected the state’s ability to provide an adequate education for Black students. Instead, they circumvented the public school system and the financial support of the state by creating an independent school—the New Concept Development Center—with an African-centered curriculum and programming based in a Black community. By bypassing the state-run education system, the educators and operators of independent Black institutions worked within a set of political possibilities and constraints different from those of organizations that sought engagement with the state. Concerns about IPE’s scale and financial viability foreshadow the organization’s move to open charter schools.Less
This chapter focuses on the creation of independent Black educational institutions as another articulation and enactment of a Black self-determinist politics of Black achievement. This chapter specifically focuses on the Institute of Positive Education (IPE), an independent Black institution influenced by the Black Power and Black Arts movements. Like many community control advocates, these Black education reformers were not interested in pursuing integration. The architects of IPE–-including Soyini Walton, Carol Lee, and Haki Madhubuti—rejected the state’s ability to provide an adequate education for Black students. Instead, they circumvented the public school system and the financial support of the state by creating an independent school—the New Concept Development Center—with an African-centered curriculum and programming based in a Black community. By bypassing the state-run education system, the educators and operators of independent Black institutions worked within a set of political possibilities and constraints different from those of organizations that sought engagement with the state. Concerns about IPE’s scale and financial viability foreshadow the organization’s move to open charter schools.
Sabine von Schorlemer
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199588817
- eISBN:
- 9780191725272
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588817.003.0024
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
The current global financial crisis, being mainly the result of speculative lending and investment in major international finance centres of the North, is affecting all countries and all people ...
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The current global financial crisis, being mainly the result of speculative lending and investment in major international finance centres of the North, is affecting all countries and all people worldwide. The crisis calls for immediate policy reaction in order to stabilize financial markets and international capital flow. In order to improve economic global governance various proposals have been put forward in the United Nations (UN), the G-20, and the Bretton Woods Institutions (BWIs). Whether the current reform initiatives will achieve practical results is an open question: although proposals for reform (such as the Financing for Development Initiative and the Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism) had already been made after a series of regional crises in the 1990s, no significant result has yet been reached.Less
The current global financial crisis, being mainly the result of speculative lending and investment in major international finance centres of the North, is affecting all countries and all people worldwide. The crisis calls for immediate policy reaction in order to stabilize financial markets and international capital flow. In order to improve economic global governance various proposals have been put forward in the United Nations (UN), the G-20, and the Bretton Woods Institutions (BWIs). Whether the current reform initiatives will achieve practical results is an open question: although proposals for reform (such as the Financing for Development Initiative and the Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism) had already been made after a series of regional crises in the 1990s, no significant result has yet been reached.
Arne Niemann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199604104
- eISBN:
- 9780191741531
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199604104.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Over the last two decades EU migration policy has undergone an astonishing ascent from modest and obscure beginnings to an increasingly mature and vibrant field of EU policy-making. The purpose of ...
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Over the last two decades EU migration policy has undergone an astonishing ascent from modest and obscure beginnings to an increasingly mature and vibrant field of EU policy-making. The purpose of this chapter is to explain this development across the past three Treaty revisions. It particularly focuses on decision rules and the institutional set-up of EU asylum and immigration policy, subjecting the results of the Intergovernmental Conference negotiations to causal analysis. Drawing on a revised neofunctionalist framework, four factors are suggested to account for processes of supranationalisation in this field: (a) functional pressures; (b) the role of supranational institutions; (c) socialisation, deliberation and learning processes; and (d) countervailing pressures.Less
Over the last two decades EU migration policy has undergone an astonishing ascent from modest and obscure beginnings to an increasingly mature and vibrant field of EU policy-making. The purpose of this chapter is to explain this development across the past three Treaty revisions. It particularly focuses on decision rules and the institutional set-up of EU asylum and immigration policy, subjecting the results of the Intergovernmental Conference negotiations to causal analysis. Drawing on a revised neofunctionalist framework, four factors are suggested to account for processes of supranationalisation in this field: (a) functional pressures; (b) the role of supranational institutions; (c) socialisation, deliberation and learning processes; and (d) countervailing pressures.
Lila K. Barrera-HernÁndez
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199299874
- eISBN:
- 9780191714931
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299874.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
The social and environmental impact of past donor induced reform and the resulting regulatory models in use in Latin America have contributed to giving International Financial Institutions (IFIs) a ...
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The social and environmental impact of past donor induced reform and the resulting regulatory models in use in Latin America have contributed to giving International Financial Institutions (IFIs) a tarnished reputation. For a while now, IFIs have been under fire not just for pushing a one-size-fits-all agenda for economic and regulatory reform through loan operations but also for allowing the impacts of donor funded projects to reach unprecedented levels of social and environmental impacts. This chapter looks at past and present conditionality practice and its impact on energy-sector regulatory development. Two case studies, one in Argentina and one in Peru, are offered as examples. Some conclusions on the possible direction of conditionality practice and regulatory development in Latin America are drawn.Less
The social and environmental impact of past donor induced reform and the resulting regulatory models in use in Latin America have contributed to giving International Financial Institutions (IFIs) a tarnished reputation. For a while now, IFIs have been under fire not just for pushing a one-size-fits-all agenda for economic and regulatory reform through loan operations but also for allowing the impacts of donor funded projects to reach unprecedented levels of social and environmental impacts. This chapter looks at past and present conditionality practice and its impact on energy-sector regulatory development. Two case studies, one in Argentina and one in Peru, are offered as examples. Some conclusions on the possible direction of conditionality practice and regulatory development in Latin America are drawn.
Colin Mayer, Stefano Micossi, Marco Onado, Marco Pagano, and Andrea Polo (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198815815
- eISBN:
- 9780191853418
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198815815.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This book is the product of a two-year research programme entitled Restarting European Long-Term Investment Finance (RELTIF), organized by Assonime and the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) ...
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This book is the product of a two-year research programme entitled Restarting European Long-Term Investment Finance (RELTIF), organized by Assonime and the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) in London. The programme brought together leading researchers from across the world to consider the causes of the persistently low level of investment in Europe, to examine the extent to which the financial system was a contributory factor and to identify possible policy remedies for it. It considered the relation of finance to corporate sector investment, the lending behaviour of banks, the provision of equity financing, the role of public sector institutions, regulation, and taxation. The chapters in this volume provide one of the most comprehensive and thorough analyses of any financial system that has been undertaken to date. They reflect a large body of research using new and existing data sets, employing advanced empirical tools, and exploiting the unique insights provided by the tumultuous events of the financial and sovereign debt crises. Together they comprise an exceptional body of knowledge to advance academic thinking and guide policy formulation in the future.Less
This book is the product of a two-year research programme entitled Restarting European Long-Term Investment Finance (RELTIF), organized by Assonime and the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) in London. The programme brought together leading researchers from across the world to consider the causes of the persistently low level of investment in Europe, to examine the extent to which the financial system was a contributory factor and to identify possible policy remedies for it. It considered the relation of finance to corporate sector investment, the lending behaviour of banks, the provision of equity financing, the role of public sector institutions, regulation, and taxation. The chapters in this volume provide one of the most comprehensive and thorough analyses of any financial system that has been undertaken to date. They reflect a large body of research using new and existing data sets, employing advanced empirical tools, and exploiting the unique insights provided by the tumultuous events of the financial and sovereign debt crises. Together they comprise an exceptional body of knowledge to advance academic thinking and guide policy formulation in the future.
