Ruth G. McRoy, Jerry P. Flanzer, and Joan Levy Zlotnik
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195399646
- eISBN:
- 9780199932757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195399646.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Chapter Two provides an historical overview of national social work research capacity – building efforts, especially in the context of the roles of national social work organizations and the National ...
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Chapter Two provides an historical overview of national social work research capacity – building efforts, especially in the context of the roles of national social work organizations and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It provides a brief history of the development of social work research, the widening funding base for social work research and the impact of university research culture on the social work field, particularly as universities have turned their attention to community development and needs. The authors describe the significant impact of the Task Force on Social Work Research, the significant roles of social work professional organizations, and the development of doctoral education programs towards meeting the need for an increasing social work knowledge base to address the demand for evidence based practice.Less
Chapter Two provides an historical overview of national social work research capacity – building efforts, especially in the context of the roles of national social work organizations and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It provides a brief history of the development of social work research, the widening funding base for social work research and the impact of university research culture on the social work field, particularly as universities have turned their attention to community development and needs. The authors describe the significant impact of the Task Force on Social Work Research, the significant roles of social work professional organizations, and the development of doctoral education programs towards meeting the need for an increasing social work knowledge base to address the demand for evidence based practice.
Carol M. Ashton and Nelda P. Wray
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199968565
- eISBN:
- 9780199346080
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199968565.003.0008
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
In early 2004 when AcademyHealth, an organization representing the interests of health services researchers, began to prepare its advocacy for the 2005 congressional reauthorization of the Agency for ...
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In early 2004 when AcademyHealth, an organization representing the interests of health services researchers, began to prepare its advocacy for the 2005 congressional reauthorization of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, its leaders realized that comparative effectiveness research was a policy that could attract bipartisan support. An exponential increase in interest occurred in November 2006 when a former Medicare administrator, Gail Wilensky, a Republican, wrote that a new multi-billion dollar agency should be created to conduct comparative effectiveness research. Taking up the issue, House legislators included provisions in the Children’s Health and Medicare Protection Act of 2007 for the establishment and funding of a comparative effectiveness research function. Those provisions survived the House but went no further. Nevertheless, by late 2007 the prospect of expanded federal investment in comparative effectiveness research had assumed an air of inevitability. Battle lines were drawn.Less
In early 2004 when AcademyHealth, an organization representing the interests of health services researchers, began to prepare its advocacy for the 2005 congressional reauthorization of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, its leaders realized that comparative effectiveness research was a policy that could attract bipartisan support. An exponential increase in interest occurred in November 2006 when a former Medicare administrator, Gail Wilensky, a Republican, wrote that a new multi-billion dollar agency should be created to conduct comparative effectiveness research. Taking up the issue, House legislators included provisions in the Children’s Health and Medicare Protection Act of 2007 for the establishment and funding of a comparative effectiveness research function. Those provisions survived the House but went no further. Nevertheless, by late 2007 the prospect of expanded federal investment in comparative effectiveness research had assumed an air of inevitability. Battle lines were drawn.
Sara Shostak
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520275171
- eISBN:
- 9780520955240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520275171.003.0002
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Chapter 1 provides a map of key environmental health research and regulatory institutions, including the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Toxicology Program ...
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Chapter 1 provides a map of key environmental health research and regulatory institutions, including the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Toxicology Program (NTP), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It also considers the goals and perspectives of the chemical industry and of environmental health and justice activists.Focusing, then, on the contentious politics of the environmental health arena, it explores how the practices of environmental health scientists have been shaped by the forces and struggles in the field in which they operateLess
Chapter 1 provides a map of key environmental health research and regulatory institutions, including the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Toxicology Program (NTP), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It also considers the goals and perspectives of the chemical industry and of environmental health and justice activists.Focusing, then, on the contentious politics of the environmental health arena, it explores how the practices of environmental health scientists have been shaped by the forces and struggles in the field in which they operate
Robert P. Charrow
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226101644
- eISBN:
- 9780226101668
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226101668.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
The National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation together fund more than $40 billon of research annually in the United States and around the globe. These large public ...
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The National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation together fund more than $40 billon of research annually in the United States and around the globe. These large public expenditures come with strings, including a complex set of laws and guidelines that regulate how scientists may use NIH and NSF funds, how federally funded research may be conducted, and who may have access to or own the product of the research. Until now, researchers have had little instruction on the nature of these laws and how they work. This book provides an introduction to the major ethical and legal considerations pertaining to research under the aegis of federal science funding.Less
The National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation together fund more than $40 billon of research annually in the United States and around the globe. These large public expenditures come with strings, including a complex set of laws and guidelines that regulate how scientists may use NIH and NSF funds, how federally funded research may be conducted, and who may have access to or own the product of the research. Until now, researchers have had little instruction on the nature of these laws and how they work. This book provides an introduction to the major ethical and legal considerations pertaining to research under the aegis of federal science funding.
Karen Kruse Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199858538
- eISBN:
- 9780190254537
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199858538.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter discusses how the federal government tackled a long and ever-changing list of problems regarded as the worst enemies of the nation's health. It describes public health policies during ...
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This chapter discusses how the federal government tackled a long and ever-changing list of problems regarded as the worst enemies of the nation's health. It describes public health policies during the Progressives Era, under the New Deal, and during and after World War II. It details the increased federal investment in medical research through the National Institute of Health (NIH); the growth of international health as a tool of US foreign policy; and the expansion of Medicare and Medicaid.Less
This chapter discusses how the federal government tackled a long and ever-changing list of problems regarded as the worst enemies of the nation's health. It describes public health policies during the Progressives Era, under the New Deal, and during and after World War II. It details the increased federal investment in medical research through the National Institute of Health (NIH); the growth of international health as a tool of US foreign policy; and the expansion of Medicare and Medicaid.
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226306254
- eISBN:
- 9780226306261
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226306261.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Ethical Issues and Debates
This chapter discusses changes in the conduct of medical research in the U.S. following the Office for Protection from Research Risks' (OPRR) suspension of some four hundred human trials supported by ...
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This chapter discusses changes in the conduct of medical research in the U.S. following the Office for Protection from Research Risks' (OPRR) suspension of some four hundred human trials supported by the National Institute of Health at the Veterans Administration (VA) health-care complex in Los Angeles, California, in March 1999. After the VA incident, the OPRR also issued ominous warnings about further punitive steps and required careful documentation of compliance with institutional review board (IRB) regulations for medical research. The OPRR move has affected university research.Less
This chapter discusses changes in the conduct of medical research in the U.S. following the Office for Protection from Research Risks' (OPRR) suspension of some four hundred human trials supported by the National Institute of Health at the Veterans Administration (VA) health-care complex in Los Angeles, California, in March 1999. After the VA incident, the OPRR also issued ominous warnings about further punitive steps and required careful documentation of compliance with institutional review board (IRB) regulations for medical research. The OPRR move has affected university research.
Christine Skinner
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847428370
- eISBN:
- 9781447304005
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428370.003.0011
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter provides a review of the childcare policy framework and evaluates current policy directions. It then presents research evidence on the benefits of formal childcare services for child ...
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This chapter provides a review of the childcare policy framework and evaluates current policy directions. It then presents research evidence on the benefits of formal childcare services for child development. The trends in childcare are also described. The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) study showed a complex interaction between quantity and quality of care, but quality remained key to the production of good outcomes, especially maintaining them over the primary school period. It is significant to have some formal childcare experience up to age three on positive cognitive outcomes at ages three and age five. The analysis of the EPPE, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and Millennium Cohort Survey (MCS) longitudinal population surveys illustrates that the case for formal early years care producing positive child development outcomes is incontrovertible, especially if it is high quality care provided in group settings.Less
This chapter provides a review of the childcare policy framework and evaluates current policy directions. It then presents research evidence on the benefits of formal childcare services for child development. The trends in childcare are also described. The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) study showed a complex interaction between quantity and quality of care, but quality remained key to the production of good outcomes, especially maintaining them over the primary school period. It is significant to have some formal childcare experience up to age three on positive cognitive outcomes at ages three and age five. The analysis of the EPPE, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and Millennium Cohort Survey (MCS) longitudinal population surveys illustrates that the case for formal early years care producing positive child development outcomes is incontrovertible, especially if it is high quality care provided in group settings.
