Dimitris Assimakopoulos, Rebecca Marschan-Piekkari, and Stuart Macdonald
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199241057
- eISBN:
- 9780191714290
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241057.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
Established in 1983, the European Strategic Program for Research in Information Technologies (ESPRIT) is the oldest of the European Commission's research and technology development (RTD) programmes. ...
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Established in 1983, the European Strategic Program for Research in Information Technologies (ESPRIT) is the oldest of the European Commission's research and technology development (RTD) programmes. ESPRIT came into being as a result of the fear that Europe was lagging far behind the United States and Japan in vital information technologies. Collaboration, rather than competition, among Europe's IT companies, it was imagined would yield synergies, the flexibility to adapt in volatile markets, and the shorter product cycles essential for international competitiveness. The chapter explores the significance of external linkages for innovation in ESPRIT in the light of the reality of collaboration. Empirical data focus on ten ESPRIT projects, examined as case studies. Particular attention is given to the informal networks that link members of the ESPRIT projects to the most dynamic parts of the IT world in the United States and beyond.Less
Established in 1983, the European Strategic Program for Research in Information Technologies (ESPRIT) is the oldest of the European Commission's research and technology development (RTD) programmes. ESPRIT came into being as a result of the fear that Europe was lagging far behind the United States and Japan in vital information technologies. Collaboration, rather than competition, among Europe's IT companies, it was imagined would yield synergies, the flexibility to adapt in volatile markets, and the shorter product cycles essential for international competitiveness. The chapter explores the significance of external linkages for innovation in ESPRIT in the light of the reality of collaboration. Empirical data focus on ten ESPRIT projects, examined as case studies. Particular attention is given to the informal networks that link members of the ESPRIT projects to the most dynamic parts of the IT world in the United States and beyond.
Silvio Panciera
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197265062
- eISBN:
- 9780191754173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265062.003.0012
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This brief chapter stresses the difference between the revolutionary possibilities of applying Information Technology to the Greek and Roman epigraphic record and its limited effects to date. It ...
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This brief chapter stresses the difference between the revolutionary possibilities of applying Information Technology to the Greek and Roman epigraphic record and its limited effects to date. It traces the reasons partly to scholarly attitudes, partly to the lack of a list of prioritised objectives, partly to divergences in the very concepts of ‘inscription’ and of ‘data-base’ and partly to a lack of unity and collaboration.Less
This brief chapter stresses the difference between the revolutionary possibilities of applying Information Technology to the Greek and Roman epigraphic record and its limited effects to date. It traces the reasons partly to scholarly attitudes, partly to the lack of a list of prioritised objectives, partly to divergences in the very concepts of ‘inscription’ and of ‘data-base’ and partly to a lack of unity and collaboration.
Jürgen R. Grote and Achim Lang
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199252091
- eISBN:
- 9780191599224
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199252092.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The first section of this chapter on Europeanization in relation to organizational change in national trade associations addresses the paradigm of Europeanization and business interest associations. ...
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The first section of this chapter on Europeanization in relation to organizational change in national trade associations addresses the paradigm of Europeanization and business interest associations. The second section discusses change in sectoral business associations from an ecological perspective, looking at the different strategies that organizations can use to confront external challenges. Absorption and compensation, integration, cooperation and intervention. The third and final sections of the chapter are written with particular reference to the Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) Sector and the Chemicals Sector in Germany. The third section, on change-inducing environmental factors, distinguishes between the political, economic, technological and social environments that influence the individual groups and group populations in different ways according to sector via national, European or international channels. The final section looks at change in an intra- and inter-organizational perspective, and describes the interest group populations and focal organizations dominating both sectors before looking at selected results that shed some light on the ways that leading representatives of trade associations perceive external challenges and related modifications in the application of resources.Less
The first section of this chapter on Europeanization in relation to organizational change in national trade associations addresses the paradigm of Europeanization and business interest associations. The second section discusses change in sectoral business associations from an ecological perspective, looking at the different strategies that organizations can use to confront external challenges. Absorption and compensation, integration, cooperation and intervention. The third and final sections of the chapter are written with particular reference to the Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) Sector and the Chemicals Sector in Germany. The third section, on change-inducing environmental factors, distinguishes between the political, economic, technological and social environments that influence the individual groups and group populations in different ways according to sector via national, European or international channels. The final section looks at change in an intra- and inter-organizational perspective, and describes the interest group populations and focal organizations dominating both sectors before looking at selected results that shed some light on the ways that leading representatives of trade associations perceive external challenges and related modifications in the application of resources.
Brian P. Bloomfield, Rod Coombs, David Knights, and Dale Littler
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198289395
- eISBN:
- 9780191684692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198289395.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
This introductory chapter sets out the starting-point for the Programme on Information and Communication Technology's (PICT) research on information technology (IT) and organizations, and thus ...
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This introductory chapter sets out the starting-point for the Programme on Information and Communication Technology's (PICT) research on information technology (IT) and organizations, and thus provides some of the background to the lines of argument developed in the later chapters. In contrast to the surfeit of prophesies in the area, comparatively little effort has been expended in trying to understand how the discourse on organizations and IT operates. Yet all the attempts at analysis and prediction deploy tacit models and concepts of ‘technology’ and ‘organization’. Thus, an important assumption underpinning this book is that the critical study of the development and use of IT in organizations has to start with an examination of these background assumptions and theories that govern how the relationship between technology and organizations is construed. It has to consider, for example, how technology and organization are brought together theoretically while remaining distinct objects of analysis. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.Less
This introductory chapter sets out the starting-point for the Programme on Information and Communication Technology's (PICT) research on information technology (IT) and organizations, and thus provides some of the background to the lines of argument developed in the later chapters. In contrast to the surfeit of prophesies in the area, comparatively little effort has been expended in trying to understand how the discourse on organizations and IT operates. Yet all the attempts at analysis and prediction deploy tacit models and concepts of ‘technology’ and ‘organization’. Thus, an important assumption underpinning this book is that the critical study of the development and use of IT in organizations has to start with an examination of these background assumptions and theories that govern how the relationship between technology and organizations is construed. It has to consider, for example, how technology and organization are brought together theoretically while remaining distinct objects of analysis. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
John Child, David Faulkner, and Stephen B. Tallman
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199266241
- eISBN:
- 9780191699139
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199266241.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy, Organization Studies
There is a wide variety of descriptions and definitions of virtual organization available. This chapter first identifies some of the common features of this new organizational form. It then describes ...
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There is a wide variety of descriptions and definitions of virtual organization available. This chapter first identifies some of the common features of this new organizational form. It then describes the various form of virtual organization, and considers that there are some conditions under which organizations have to identify the benefits that they expect to attain from virtual corporations and the corresponding limitations. Also, the chapter explains how the virtual corporation is managed, looking particularly on the various organizational, technological, and economic factors and how the need arises for well-developed teamwork in virtual corporations. It also draws attention to how to avoiding conflict may bring about negative effects on the performance of the team, and how Information Technology plays no small part in the managing virtual corporations.Less
There is a wide variety of descriptions and definitions of virtual organization available. This chapter first identifies some of the common features of this new organizational form. It then describes the various form of virtual organization, and considers that there are some conditions under which organizations have to identify the benefits that they expect to attain from virtual corporations and the corresponding limitations. Also, the chapter explains how the virtual corporation is managed, looking particularly on the various organizational, technological, and economic factors and how the need arises for well-developed teamwork in virtual corporations. It also draws attention to how to avoiding conflict may bring about negative effects on the performance of the team, and how Information Technology plays no small part in the managing virtual corporations.
Bernard M. Hoekman and Michel M. Kostecki
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294313
- eISBN:
- 9780191596445
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829431X.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter looks at the major sector‐specific agreements that have been negotiated under the auspices of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), and in particular at agriculture, and ...
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This chapter looks at the major sector‐specific agreements that have been negotiated under the auspices of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), and in particular at agriculture, and textiles and clothing. Both of these are sectors that have a long history of protectionism in many countries, and much remains to be done to lower barriers to trade to levels that approach the average prevailing in other sectors. Over time, both sectors were gradually removed from the GATT 1947 disciplines, and it was only during the Uruguay Round that they were re‐integrated into the trading system; the Uruguay Round agreements reached on the sectors are due to be fully implemented in 2005. The chapter also discusses the Information Technology Agreement (ITA), which was negotiated amongst a subset of WTO members during 1996, although it is applied on an MFN (most favoured nation) basis. The sections of the chapter are as follows: Agriculture; Textiles and clothing; The Information Technology Agreement; and Conclusion.Less
This chapter looks at the major sector‐specific agreements that have been negotiated under the auspices of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), and in particular at agriculture, and textiles and clothing. Both of these are sectors that have a long history of protectionism in many countries, and much remains to be done to lower barriers to trade to levels that approach the average prevailing in other sectors. Over time, both sectors were gradually removed from the GATT 1947 disciplines, and it was only during the Uruguay Round that they were re‐integrated into the trading system; the Uruguay Round agreements reached on the sectors are due to be fully implemented in 2005. The chapter also discusses the Information Technology Agreement (ITA), which was negotiated amongst a subset of WTO members during 1996, although it is applied on an MFN (most favoured nation) basis. The sections of the chapter are as follows: Agriculture; Textiles and clothing; The Information Technology Agreement; and Conclusion.
Luc Van Gool, Marc Pollefeys, Marc Proesmans, and Alexey Zalesny
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197262962
- eISBN:
- 9780191734533
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262962.003.0009
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Archaeological Methodology and Techniques
This chapter discusses the goals of the Murale project, an Information Society Technologies (IST) project, which is funded by the European Commission in order to advance the use of computer ...
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This chapter discusses the goals of the Murale project, an Information Society Technologies (IST) project, which is funded by the European Commission in order to advance the use of computer technology in the field of archaeology. The Murale project aims to offer solutions on the basis of photo-realistic modelling tools. The creation of the Murale project allowed archaeologists to solve old tasks with new means. This new technology has been applied to the Sagalassos site in the hopes of creating a convincing impression of how this Turkish province developed over the centuries. In this chapter, the focus is on the work carried out by three of the partners of the Murale: ETH Zurich, Eyetronics, and the University of Leuven. The results of their work predominantly pertain to 3D shape acquisition and image-based texture synthesis.Less
This chapter discusses the goals of the Murale project, an Information Society Technologies (IST) project, which is funded by the European Commission in order to advance the use of computer technology in the field of archaeology. The Murale project aims to offer solutions on the basis of photo-realistic modelling tools. The creation of the Murale project allowed archaeologists to solve old tasks with new means. This new technology has been applied to the Sagalassos site in the hopes of creating a convincing impression of how this Turkish province developed over the centuries. In this chapter, the focus is on the work carried out by three of the partners of the Murale: ETH Zurich, Eyetronics, and the University of Leuven. The results of their work predominantly pertain to 3D shape acquisition and image-based texture synthesis.
Balmiki Prasad Singh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198060635
- eISBN:
- 9780199080250
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198060635.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
Indian civilization is deep-rooted and far-reaching. There were four encounters that have been seminal in Indian civilization. Each of these four civilizational encounters has deeply influenced the ...
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Indian civilization is deep-rooted and far-reaching. There were four encounters that have been seminal in Indian civilization. Each of these four civilizational encounters has deeply influenced the society, families, and individual beings and are living parts of consciousness and ways of living. The fifth civilizational encounter, encompassing all aspects of our living is the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Revolution. Based on connectivity, ICT is radically transforming production and consumption pattern; access to information; governance; and politics. As warned by Mahatma Gandhi, it is also necessary to be aware of the evils associated with machines. There are two divergent views about Mahatma Gandhi's attitude towards ‘machines’ and ‘modernization’. The comments of Rabindranath Tagore, Jawaharlal Nehru and Ernest Fritz Schumacher are chosen for further discussion.Less
Indian civilization is deep-rooted and far-reaching. There were four encounters that have been seminal in Indian civilization. Each of these four civilizational encounters has deeply influenced the society, families, and individual beings and are living parts of consciousness and ways of living. The fifth civilizational encounter, encompassing all aspects of our living is the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Revolution. Based on connectivity, ICT is radically transforming production and consumption pattern; access to information; governance; and politics. As warned by Mahatma Gandhi, it is also necessary to be aware of the evils associated with machines. There are two divergent views about Mahatma Gandhi's attitude towards ‘machines’ and ‘modernization’. The comments of Rabindranath Tagore, Jawaharlal Nehru and Ernest Fritz Schumacher are chosen for further discussion.
Mark Coeckelbergh
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262035460
- eISBN:
- 9780262343084
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262035460.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
Most people assume that technology and romanticism are opposed. They share this assumption with many contemporary philosophers of technology, who tend to reduce romanticism to nostalgia. This book ...
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Most people assume that technology and romanticism are opposed. They share this assumption with many contemporary philosophers of technology, who tend to reduce romanticism to nostalgia. This book questions these assumptions and shows that the relation between romanticism and technology is much more complex.
For this purpose it delves into the history of technology and thinking about technology, from the early Romantics to hippie computing and today’s romantic cyborgs. The book updates the literature on technoromanticism, but also raises a new question: it seems that as machines become more human-like and informational, they disappear from view or merge with the human. Do we witness the end of the machine?
The author then discusses criticisms of romanticism and of “the end of the machine” vision he constructed. Yet the author avoids a simplistic rejection or defence of technoromantic visions; when it comes to understanding technology, the romantic tradition is more ambiguous and also more resourceful that we might suppose.
The book ends with the question if and how we could ever move beyond romanticism and beyond machine thinking. It turns out that, given the persistence of our modern-romantic form of life including language and technologies, the end of the machine is not even in sight. In the meantime, we have to live with our romantic machines, with our new cyborgs. That is, we have to live with ourselves as cyborgs: living meetings, mergers, and hybrids of romanticism and technology.Less
Most people assume that technology and romanticism are opposed. They share this assumption with many contemporary philosophers of technology, who tend to reduce romanticism to nostalgia. This book questions these assumptions and shows that the relation between romanticism and technology is much more complex.
For this purpose it delves into the history of technology and thinking about technology, from the early Romantics to hippie computing and today’s romantic cyborgs. The book updates the literature on technoromanticism, but also raises a new question: it seems that as machines become more human-like and informational, they disappear from view or merge with the human. Do we witness the end of the machine?
The author then discusses criticisms of romanticism and of “the end of the machine” vision he constructed. Yet the author avoids a simplistic rejection or defence of technoromantic visions; when it comes to understanding technology, the romantic tradition is more ambiguous and also more resourceful that we might suppose.
The book ends with the question if and how we could ever move beyond romanticism and beyond machine thinking. It turns out that, given the persistence of our modern-romantic form of life including language and technologies, the end of the machine is not even in sight. In the meantime, we have to live with our romantic machines, with our new cyborgs. That is, we have to live with ourselves as cyborgs: living meetings, mergers, and hybrids of romanticism and technology.
Luciano Floridi
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199641321
- eISBN:
- 9780191760938
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641321.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This is the first philosophical monograph entirely and exclusively dedicated to Information Ethics.Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have profoundly changed many aspects of life, ...
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This is the first philosophical monograph entirely and exclusively dedicated to Information Ethics.Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have profoundly changed many aspects of life, including the nature of entertainment, work, communication, education, health care, industrial production and business, social relations, and conflicts.Therefore, they have had a radical and widespread impact on our moral lives and on contemporary ethical debates. Privacy, ownership, freedom of speech, responsibility, technological determinism, the digital divide, online pornography, are only some of the pressing issues that characterize the ethical discourse in the information society. They are the subject of Information Ethics (IE), the new philosophical area of research that investigates the ethical impact of ICTs on human life and society.The book lays down, for the first time, the conceptual foundations for Information Ethics. It does so systematically, by pursuing three goals:a). metatheoretical goal: it describes what Information Ethics is, its problems, approaches, and methods;b). introductory goal: it helps the reader to gain a better grasp of the complex and multifarious nature of the various concepts and phenomena related to Information Ethics;c) analytic goal: it answers several key theoretical questions of great philosophical interest, arising from the investigation of the ethical implications of ICTs.Although entirely independent of The Philosophy of Information (OUP, 2011), the previous book by the same author, it complements it as part of the tetralogy on the foundations of the philosophy of information (Principia Philosophiae Informationis)Less
This is the first philosophical monograph entirely and exclusively dedicated to Information Ethics.Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have profoundly changed many aspects of life, including the nature of entertainment, work, communication, education, health care, industrial production and business, social relations, and conflicts.Therefore, they have had a radical and widespread impact on our moral lives and on contemporary ethical debates. Privacy, ownership, freedom of speech, responsibility, technological determinism, the digital divide, online pornography, are only some of the pressing issues that characterize the ethical discourse in the information society. They are the subject of Information Ethics (IE), the new philosophical area of research that investigates the ethical impact of ICTs on human life and society.The book lays down, for the first time, the conceptual foundations for Information Ethics. It does so systematically, by pursuing three goals:a). metatheoretical goal: it describes what Information Ethics is, its problems, approaches, and methods;b). introductory goal: it helps the reader to gain a better grasp of the complex and multifarious nature of the various concepts and phenomena related to Information Ethics;c) analytic goal: it answers several key theoretical questions of great philosophical interest, arising from the investigation of the ethical implications of ICTs.Although entirely independent of The Philosophy of Information (OUP, 2011), the previous book by the same author, it complements it as part of the tetralogy on the foundations of the philosophy of information (Principia Philosophiae Informationis)
Shawn M. Powers and Michael Jablonski
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252039126
- eISBN:
- 9780252097102
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252039126.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
This chapter examines the emergence of an Information-Industrial Complex in the United States, tracking the rise of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the modern knowledge economy. It ...
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This chapter examines the emergence of an Information-Industrial Complex in the United States, tracking the rise of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the modern knowledge economy. It first outlines the origins and history of Information-Industrial Complex's antecedent, the Military-Industrial Complex, before turning to the beginnings of the Information-Industrial Complex itself. It then considers how the U.S. government has cultivated a close and codependent relationship with companies involved in information production, storage, processing, and distribution, referred to as the “information industries.” It also looks at In-Q-Tel, a corporation that would “ensure that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) remains at the cutting edge of information technology advances and capabilities,” along with the rise of information assurance after 9/11. The chapter concludes by highlighting the commodification of digital information in the post-9/11 environment through its securitization.Less
This chapter examines the emergence of an Information-Industrial Complex in the United States, tracking the rise of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the modern knowledge economy. It first outlines the origins and history of Information-Industrial Complex's antecedent, the Military-Industrial Complex, before turning to the beginnings of the Information-Industrial Complex itself. It then considers how the U.S. government has cultivated a close and codependent relationship with companies involved in information production, storage, processing, and distribution, referred to as the “information industries.” It also looks at In-Q-Tel, a corporation that would “ensure that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) remains at the cutting edge of information technology advances and capabilities,” along with the rise of information assurance after 9/11. The chapter concludes by highlighting the commodification of digital information in the post-9/11 environment through its securitization.
David Sarokin and Jay Schulkin
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262034920
- eISBN:
- 9780262336253
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034920.003.0002
- Subject:
- Information Science, Library Science
“Information” has taken on new meanings and new significance in the Information Age. The subject has moved beyond the traditional realm of engineering. Encyclopedias and text books that formerly ...
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“Information” has taken on new meanings and new significance in the Information Age. The subject has moved beyond the traditional realm of engineering. Encyclopedias and text books that formerly ignored information as a topic now give it a major presence. However, we still overlook the central importance of information itself, focusing instead on information technology.Less
“Information” has taken on new meanings and new significance in the Information Age. The subject has moved beyond the traditional realm of engineering. Encyclopedias and text books that formerly ignored information as a topic now give it a major presence. However, we still overlook the central importance of information itself, focusing instead on information technology.
Mark Coeckelbergh
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262035460
- eISBN:
- 9780262343084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262035460.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
The introduction explains that the main argument and narrative of this book is that technology and romanticism are not in opposition to each other. The literature of the philosophy of technology ...
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The introduction explains that the main argument and narrative of this book is that technology and romanticism are not in opposition to each other. The literature of the philosophy of technology lacks attention to the relationship between romanticism and technology; conversely, in related fields like cultural studies, sociology, and media studies, there is much literature about this relationship and its history. This book focuses on specific and contemporary technologies and critically examines its own arguments. The book also discusses how to move past romanticism, while acknowledging that the means of analysis are informed by Romanticism. It is comprised of three parts which discuss the traditional opposition between technology and romanticism, the complex relationship between them, and the ways to move beyond romantic and machine thinking.Less
The introduction explains that the main argument and narrative of this book is that technology and romanticism are not in opposition to each other. The literature of the philosophy of technology lacks attention to the relationship between romanticism and technology; conversely, in related fields like cultural studies, sociology, and media studies, there is much literature about this relationship and its history. This book focuses on specific and contemporary technologies and critically examines its own arguments. The book also discusses how to move past romanticism, while acknowledging that the means of analysis are informed by Romanticism. It is comprised of three parts which discuss the traditional opposition between technology and romanticism, the complex relationship between them, and the ways to move beyond romantic and machine thinking.
Raven Bowen
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781447358800
- eISBN:
- 9781447358848
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447358800.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
Goffman’s works on strategies about concealing stigmatised identities that relate to double, double biographies, line and face and appearance management are brought to life through the experiences of ...
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Goffman’s works on strategies about concealing stigmatised identities that relate to double, double biographies, line and face and appearance management are brought to life through the experiences of Contributors. Some of these sex workers create psychological and geographical distance between work sites and personal lives, transition roles, personas and attire in the liminal spaces and manage audiences and information across employment settings in sex work and square work. The Dual-life Relational Paradigm Venn diagram illustrates seven relational fields in which information and relationships from sex work, square work and personal lives may collide. Contributors safeguard against accidental revelation and the intermingling of people who ‘know’ them differently or being caught in the wrong place with the wrong face. Contributors discuss their experiences of managing information communication technologies (ICTs), devices, and the risks and experiences of being ‘outed’ through technology and ends with their commentary on digital surveillance when living a dual life.Less
Goffman’s works on strategies about concealing stigmatised identities that relate to double, double biographies, line and face and appearance management are brought to life through the experiences of Contributors. Some of these sex workers create psychological and geographical distance between work sites and personal lives, transition roles, personas and attire in the liminal spaces and manage audiences and information across employment settings in sex work and square work. The Dual-life Relational Paradigm Venn diagram illustrates seven relational fields in which information and relationships from sex work, square work and personal lives may collide. Contributors safeguard against accidental revelation and the intermingling of people who ‘know’ them differently or being caught in the wrong place with the wrong face. Contributors discuss their experiences of managing information communication technologies (ICTs), devices, and the risks and experiences of being ‘outed’ through technology and ends with their commentary on digital surveillance when living a dual life.
Y. Y. Kueh
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9789888083824
- eISBN:
- 9789888180158
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083824.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, Political History
The purpose of this chapter is to examine the pace and pattern of development of China's new industries, as they may bear on the regional production networks in East Asia. Two new industries are ...
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The purpose of this chapter is to examine the pace and pattern of development of China's new industries, as they may bear on the regional production networks in East Asia. Two new industries are selected for the study, and they are the electronics and information technology (IT) industry and the automobile industry respectively. This chapter thereby tries to trace the development of the two Chinese industries, focusing on the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and their exports records or export potentials. The relative strengths of the Chinese electronics and IT industry as an exporter are estimated in detail, specifically vis-à-vis that of neighbouring economies. It also looks into how the smaller neighbouring economies cope with the impact from China and exploit the niches offered by the emerging new regional production networks.Less
The purpose of this chapter is to examine the pace and pattern of development of China's new industries, as they may bear on the regional production networks in East Asia. Two new industries are selected for the study, and they are the electronics and information technology (IT) industry and the automobile industry respectively. This chapter thereby tries to trace the development of the two Chinese industries, focusing on the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and their exports records or export potentials. The relative strengths of the Chinese electronics and IT industry as an exporter are estimated in detail, specifically vis-à-vis that of neighbouring economies. It also looks into how the smaller neighbouring economies cope with the impact from China and exploit the niches offered by the emerging new regional production networks.
Arlindo Oliveira
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262036030
- eISBN:
- 9780262338394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262036030.003.0002
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
This chapter provides a brief review of the history of technology, covering pre-historical technologies, the agricultural revolution, the first two industrial revolutions, and the third industrial ...
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This chapter provides a brief review of the history of technology, covering pre-historical technologies, the agricultural revolution, the first two industrial revolutions, and the third industrial revolution, based on information technology. Evidence is provided that technological development tends to follow an exponential curve, leading to technologies that typically were unpredictable just a few years before. An analysis of a number of exponential trends and behaviors is provided, in order to acquaint the reader with the sometimes surprising properties of exponential growth. In general, exponential functions tend to grow slower than expected in the short term, and faster than expected in the long term. It is this property that make technology evolution very hard to predict.Less
This chapter provides a brief review of the history of technology, covering pre-historical technologies, the agricultural revolution, the first two industrial revolutions, and the third industrial revolution, based on information technology. Evidence is provided that technological development tends to follow an exponential curve, leading to technologies that typically were unpredictable just a few years before. An analysis of a number of exponential trends and behaviors is provided, in order to acquaint the reader with the sometimes surprising properties of exponential growth. In general, exponential functions tend to grow slower than expected in the short term, and faster than expected in the long term. It is this property that make technology evolution very hard to predict.
Shawn M. Powers and Michael Jablonski
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252039126
- eISBN:
- 9780252097102
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252039126.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
This chapter examines how multistakeholder institutions reflect dominant political and/or economic interests, arguing that the discourse of multistakeholderism is used to legitimize arrangements ...
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This chapter examines how multistakeholder institutions reflect dominant political and/or economic interests, arguing that the discourse of multistakeholderism is used to legitimize arrangements benefiting powerful, established actors like the United States and its robust Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector. After a brief discussion of what is actually at stake in debates over internet governance, the chapter provides an overview of the origins and theory of the multistakeholder process. It then considers how seemingly participatory, inclusive, and consensus-driven decision-making structures provide legitimacy for existing political and economic interests by using three case studies: ICANN, the Internet Society (ISOC), and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It shows that, by incentivizing inclusion and consensus, multistakeholder processes risk stifling legitimate dissent from external actors who have no interest in lending legitimacy to the facade of an apolitical negotiation.Less
This chapter examines how multistakeholder institutions reflect dominant political and/or economic interests, arguing that the discourse of multistakeholderism is used to legitimize arrangements benefiting powerful, established actors like the United States and its robust Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector. After a brief discussion of what is actually at stake in debates over internet governance, the chapter provides an overview of the origins and theory of the multistakeholder process. It then considers how seemingly participatory, inclusive, and consensus-driven decision-making structures provide legitimacy for existing political and economic interests by using three case studies: ICANN, the Internet Society (ISOC), and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It shows that, by incentivizing inclusion and consensus, multistakeholder processes risk stifling legitimate dissent from external actors who have no interest in lending legitimacy to the facade of an apolitical negotiation.
Dawn Nafus
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780262027168
- eISBN:
- 9780262322492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027168.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
This chapter reflects on a project within a technology corporation that challenged what it is a firm needs to know about its customers. When firms view customers as merely predictable, they reduce ...
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This chapter reflects on a project within a technology corporation that challenged what it is a firm needs to know about its customers. When firms view customers as merely predictable, they reduce them to a stereotype, and render them docile. Yet, when firms are entirely unable to predict what their customers expect of them, they build technologies presuming them to be culturally neutral, when of course they are anything but. This chapter traces how a research ‘object,’ designed to renegotiate how a firm comes to know its customers, overflowed the various contexts in which it was situated. The concept of overflow makes clear just how uncertain agency is in these market relations. The object did indeed make possible alternative social imaginations, but not ones that its designers necessarily controlled.Less
This chapter reflects on a project within a technology corporation that challenged what it is a firm needs to know about its customers. When firms view customers as merely predictable, they reduce them to a stereotype, and render them docile. Yet, when firms are entirely unable to predict what their customers expect of them, they build technologies presuming them to be culturally neutral, when of course they are anything but. This chapter traces how a research ‘object,’ designed to renegotiate how a firm comes to know its customers, overflowed the various contexts in which it was situated. The concept of overflow makes clear just how uncertain agency is in these market relations. The object did indeed make possible alternative social imaginations, but not ones that its designers necessarily controlled.
Arvid Nelson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300106602
- eISBN:
- 9780300130300
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300106602.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Environmental History
The Soviet Union entered the 1960s with confidence after its victory in World War II, coupled with promising economic and political prospects. The Soviet bloc was having unprecedented productivity ...
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The Soviet Union entered the 1960s with confidence after its victory in World War II, coupled with promising economic and political prospects. The Soviet bloc was having unprecedented productivity driven by the Information Technology Revolution, along with advances in finance, transportation, and agriculture. The Soviet bloc economy also received a boost following Joseph Stalin's death in 1953 and Nikita Khrushchev's reforms. The Soviets, with East Germany's Walter Ulbricht in the vanguard, were intent on harnessing the IT Revolution and cybernetics to overtake the West. Ulbricht's reform program of the 1960s, the New Economic System, was founded on cybernetics, cybermarxism, and innovation. Erich Apel, head of the State Planning Commission, designed the cybernetics program anchored on three basic reforms: decentralization, price and interest rate reform, and improved accounting and control systems. A focus of decentralization was forest management.Less
The Soviet Union entered the 1960s with confidence after its victory in World War II, coupled with promising economic and political prospects. The Soviet bloc was having unprecedented productivity driven by the Information Technology Revolution, along with advances in finance, transportation, and agriculture. The Soviet bloc economy also received a boost following Joseph Stalin's death in 1953 and Nikita Khrushchev's reforms. The Soviets, with East Germany's Walter Ulbricht in the vanguard, were intent on harnessing the IT Revolution and cybernetics to overtake the West. Ulbricht's reform program of the 1960s, the New Economic System, was founded on cybernetics, cybermarxism, and innovation. Erich Apel, head of the State Planning Commission, designed the cybernetics program anchored on three basic reforms: decentralization, price and interest rate reform, and improved accounting and control systems. A focus of decentralization was forest management.
Prashant Reddy T. and Sumathi Chandrashekaran
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199470662
- eISBN:
- 9780199088850
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199470662.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
This chapter narrates the evolution of a safe harbour provision for internet intermediaries under Indian law. The creation of such safe harbour is crucial for the growth of both internet service ...
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This chapter narrates the evolution of a safe harbour provision for internet intermediaries under Indian law. The creation of such safe harbour is crucial for the growth of both internet service providers and online service providers like YouTube. The lack of a balanced safe harbour provision has led to the shutdown of start-ups which had immense potential. A judgment of the Delhi High Court in 2011 further muddied the waters for internet intermediaries. It took an amendment in 2012 for the creation of a very strong safe harbour provision. At the same time, however, there have been concerns that the new safe harbour places too high a burden on copyright owners by requiring them to secure a court order every time they want to take down content. This chapter also explores the manner in which Indian courts have issued ‘John Doe’ orders blocking websites allegedly hosting copyright infringing content.Less
This chapter narrates the evolution of a safe harbour provision for internet intermediaries under Indian law. The creation of such safe harbour is crucial for the growth of both internet service providers and online service providers like YouTube. The lack of a balanced safe harbour provision has led to the shutdown of start-ups which had immense potential. A judgment of the Delhi High Court in 2011 further muddied the waters for internet intermediaries. It took an amendment in 2012 for the creation of a very strong safe harbour provision. At the same time, however, there have been concerns that the new safe harbour places too high a burden on copyright owners by requiring them to secure a court order every time they want to take down content. This chapter also explores the manner in which Indian courts have issued ‘John Doe’ orders blocking websites allegedly hosting copyright infringing content.
