William Lyons
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198752226
- eISBN:
- 9780191695087
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198752226.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Language
This chapter deals with the information-processing account of Fred Dretske, an account that combines the representational aspect of mental content and the teleological interpretation of its cognitive ...
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This chapter deals with the information-processing account of Fred Dretske, an account that combines the representational aspect of mental content and the teleological interpretation of its cognitive aspect. The core of his account of intentionality lies in his view of the human brain and its perceptual organs as an information-processing system, which in turn is based on ‘information theory’. His works Knowledge and the Flow of Information and Seeing and Knowing show that by using the information-processing input mechanism called the senses, and treating the brain as the information processor, one can build up an account of those paradigms' sophisticated intentional states, knowledge and belief. The chapter also discusses belief states, representational systems, and brain-level functional accounts and consciousness.Less
This chapter deals with the information-processing account of Fred Dretske, an account that combines the representational aspect of mental content and the teleological interpretation of its cognitive aspect. The core of his account of intentionality lies in his view of the human brain and its perceptual organs as an information-processing system, which in turn is based on ‘information theory’. His works Knowledge and the Flow of Information and Seeing and Knowing show that by using the information-processing input mechanism called the senses, and treating the brain as the information processor, one can build up an account of those paradigms' sophisticated intentional states, knowledge and belief. The chapter also discusses belief states, representational systems, and brain-level functional accounts and consciousness.
Onnig H. Dombalagian
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028622
- eISBN:
- 9780262324298
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028622.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This book surveys the law and policy of regulating information flows in capital markets. Part I begins with an overview of the themes, regulatory principles, and challenges that animate information ...
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This book surveys the law and policy of regulating information flows in capital markets. Part I begins with an overview of the themes, regulatory principles, and challenges that animate information policy, and describes the principal industry, self-regulatory, and regulatory bodies that participate in the governance of information flows in capital markets. Part I further surveys four categories of information in the information production chain: corporate disclosures, quotation and transaction information, information used in credit analysis, and benchmarks. The book discusses how each category of information is generated and used and the reasons why regulators seek to intervene in its production or use. It also provides a summary of the relevant framework for securities regulation in the United States, European Union, and other jurisdictions. Part II articulates several objectives of information policy in capital markets—ensuring transparency and access, promoting standardization and higher orders of meaning, and upholding integrity. This Part considers how regulatory aims differ by category and surveys alternative regulatory strategies, often with a view to replacing relatively inflexible regulatory frameworks with more flexible market mechanisms. Part III considers three specific challenges to capital markets regulation—automation, information overload or anxiety, and globalization—and how they affect the utility, integrity, and availability of information flows. This Part assesses the strategies by which policy makers have confronted these challenges, and offers some concluding thoughts on the implications of these phenomena for financial regulation and information policy.Less
This book surveys the law and policy of regulating information flows in capital markets. Part I begins with an overview of the themes, regulatory principles, and challenges that animate information policy, and describes the principal industry, self-regulatory, and regulatory bodies that participate in the governance of information flows in capital markets. Part I further surveys four categories of information in the information production chain: corporate disclosures, quotation and transaction information, information used in credit analysis, and benchmarks. The book discusses how each category of information is generated and used and the reasons why regulators seek to intervene in its production or use. It also provides a summary of the relevant framework for securities regulation in the United States, European Union, and other jurisdictions. Part II articulates several objectives of information policy in capital markets—ensuring transparency and access, promoting standardization and higher orders of meaning, and upholding integrity. This Part considers how regulatory aims differ by category and surveys alternative regulatory strategies, often with a view to replacing relatively inflexible regulatory frameworks with more flexible market mechanisms. Part III considers three specific challenges to capital markets regulation—automation, information overload or anxiety, and globalization—and how they affect the utility, integrity, and availability of information flows. This Part assesses the strategies by which policy makers have confronted these challenges, and offers some concluding thoughts on the implications of these phenomena for financial regulation and information policy.
Helen Nissenbaum and Heather Patterson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262034173
- eISBN:
- 9780262334549
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034173.003.0005
- Subject:
- Information Science, Communications
Emerging technologies challenge long-standing social norms regarding personal information sharing. In this chapter, we assess contemporary health self-tracking practices through the lens of ...
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Emerging technologies challenge long-standing social norms regarding personal information sharing. In this chapter, we assess contemporary health self-tracking practices through the lens of Contextual Integrity, an analytical privacy framework that demands a full consideration of the social settings in which novel practices are situated, including the type of information at issue, the identity of the information subjects, senders, and recipients, and the social norms underlying the context in which new information flows occur. We consider the roles of architecture, law, and policy for protecting privacy as individuals and societies discover, adjust to, and resist new technologies, and we argue that novel information flows brought about by new practices are best evaluated according to the ends, purposes, and values of the contexts in which they are embedded.Less
Emerging technologies challenge long-standing social norms regarding personal information sharing. In this chapter, we assess contemporary health self-tracking practices through the lens of Contextual Integrity, an analytical privacy framework that demands a full consideration of the social settings in which novel practices are situated, including the type of information at issue, the identity of the information subjects, senders, and recipients, and the social norms underlying the context in which new information flows occur. We consider the roles of architecture, law, and policy for protecting privacy as individuals and societies discover, adjust to, and resist new technologies, and we argue that novel information flows brought about by new practices are best evaluated according to the ends, purposes, and values of the contexts in which they are embedded.
Meike de Goede and Inge Ligtvoet
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447337683
- eISBN:
- 9781447337737
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447337683.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This chapter focuses on the impact of flows of information through information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the decision-making processes for researchers working in instable, volatile ...
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This chapter focuses on the impact of flows of information through information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the decision-making processes for researchers working in instable, volatile regions. Drawing on the authors’ experiences in Nigeria and Congo-Brazzaville, the paper argues that while ICTs have become important tools for research, they also create new dilemmas for the researcher. These dilemmas emerge from the interface between us as researchers, and constant flows of information about insecurity in our fields that reach us via social media. Paradoxically, in an information rich world, a lack of information can also create such dilemmas. Flows of information – or the lack thereof – are not only data, but also affect us on an emotional level. As such new subjective fields of insecurity emerge for the researcher that produce emotional responses such as anger or disorientation, and that in turn inform decision-making processes, such as an inclination for deeper engagement, or to disengage.Less
This chapter focuses on the impact of flows of information through information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the decision-making processes for researchers working in instable, volatile regions. Drawing on the authors’ experiences in Nigeria and Congo-Brazzaville, the paper argues that while ICTs have become important tools for research, they also create new dilemmas for the researcher. These dilemmas emerge from the interface between us as researchers, and constant flows of information about insecurity in our fields that reach us via social media. Paradoxically, in an information rich world, a lack of information can also create such dilemmas. Flows of information – or the lack thereof – are not only data, but also affect us on an emotional level. As such new subjective fields of insecurity emerge for the researcher that produce emotional responses such as anger or disorientation, and that in turn inform decision-making processes, such as an inclination for deeper engagement, or to disengage.
