Michael Laffan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691145303
- eISBN:
- 9781400839995
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691145303.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Indonesian Islam is often portrayed as being intrinsically moderate by virtue of the role that mystical Sufism played in shaping its traditions. According to Western observers—from Dutch colonial ...
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Indonesian Islam is often portrayed as being intrinsically moderate by virtue of the role that mystical Sufism played in shaping its traditions. According to Western observers—from Dutch colonial administrators and orientalist scholars to modern anthropologists such as the late Clifford Geertz—Indonesia's peaceful interpretation of Islam has been perpetually under threat from outside by more violent, intolerant Islamic traditions that were originally imposed by conquering Arab armies. This book challenges this widely accepted narrative, offering a more balanced assessment of the intellectual and cultural history of the most populous Muslim nation on Earth. The book traces how the popular image of Indonesian Islam was shaped by encounters between colonial Dutch scholars and reformist Islamic thinkers. It shows how Dutch religious preoccupations sometimes echoed Muslim concerns about the relationship between faith and the state, and how Dutch–Islamic discourse throughout the long centuries of European colonialism helped give rise to Indonesia's distinctive national and religious culture. This book presents Islamic and colonial history as an integrated whole, revealing the ways our understanding of Indonesian Islam, both past and present, came to be.Less
Indonesian Islam is often portrayed as being intrinsically moderate by virtue of the role that mystical Sufism played in shaping its traditions. According to Western observers—from Dutch colonial administrators and orientalist scholars to modern anthropologists such as the late Clifford Geertz—Indonesia's peaceful interpretation of Islam has been perpetually under threat from outside by more violent, intolerant Islamic traditions that were originally imposed by conquering Arab armies. This book challenges this widely accepted narrative, offering a more balanced assessment of the intellectual and cultural history of the most populous Muslim nation on Earth. The book traces how the popular image of Indonesian Islam was shaped by encounters between colonial Dutch scholars and reformist Islamic thinkers. It shows how Dutch religious preoccupations sometimes echoed Muslim concerns about the relationship between faith and the state, and how Dutch–Islamic discourse throughout the long centuries of European colonialism helped give rise to Indonesia's distinctive national and religious culture. This book presents Islamic and colonial history as an integrated whole, revealing the ways our understanding of Indonesian Islam, both past and present, came to be.
Susan Rodgers (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520085466
- eISBN:
- 9780520914797
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520085466.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
These two memoirs provide unique windows into the Sumatran past, in particular, and the early twentieth-century history of Southeast Asia, in general. Originally published soon after the Indonesian ...
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These two memoirs provide unique windows into the Sumatran past, in particular, and the early twentieth-century history of Southeast Asia, in general. Originally published soon after the Indonesian Revolution (1945–1949) liberated the island chain from Dutch control, they recall the authors' childhoods in rural Toba Batak and Minangkabau villages. In reconstructing their own passage into adulthood, the writers inevitably tell the story of their country's turbulent journey from colonial subjugation through revolution to independence. The book's introduction illuminates the importance of autobiography in developing historical consciousness and imagining a national future.Less
These two memoirs provide unique windows into the Sumatran past, in particular, and the early twentieth-century history of Southeast Asia, in general. Originally published soon after the Indonesian Revolution (1945–1949) liberated the island chain from Dutch control, they recall the authors' childhoods in rural Toba Batak and Minangkabau villages. In reconstructing their own passage into adulthood, the writers inevitably tell the story of their country's turbulent journey from colonial subjugation through revolution to independence. The book's introduction illuminates the importance of autobiography in developing historical consciousness and imagining a national future.
John McWhorter
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195309805
- eISBN:
- 9780199788378
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309805.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics
This chapter examines the evolution of Malay. It is argued that Malay, in both its standard and colloquial forms, is the product of incomplete transmission of Proto-Western Malayo-Polynesian grammar. ...
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This chapter examines the evolution of Malay. It is argued that Malay, in both its standard and colloquial forms, is the product of incomplete transmission of Proto-Western Malayo-Polynesian grammar. Given Malay's longtime status as a regional lingua franca, it is most economical to suppose that this status was the causal factor.Less
This chapter examines the evolution of Malay. It is argued that Malay, in both its standard and colloquial forms, is the product of incomplete transmission of Proto-Western Malayo-Polynesian grammar. Given Malay's longtime status as a regional lingua franca, it is most economical to suppose that this status was the causal factor.
Wu-Ling Chong
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9789888455997
- eISBN:
- 9789888455508
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888455997.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
This book examines the complex situation of ethnic Chinese Indonesians in post-Suharto Indonesia, focusing on Chinese in two of the largest Indonesian cities, Medan and Surabaya. The fall of Suharto ...
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This book examines the complex situation of ethnic Chinese Indonesians in post-Suharto Indonesia, focusing on Chinese in two of the largest Indonesian cities, Medan and Surabaya. The fall of Suharto in May 1998 led to the opening up of a democratic and liberal space to include a diversity of political actors and ideals in the political process. However, due to the absence of an effective, genuinely reformist party or political coalition, predatory politico-business interests nurtured under the New Order managed to capture the new political and economic regimes. As a result, corruption and internal mismanagement continue to plague the bureaucracy in the country. The indigenous Indonesian population generally still perceives the Chinese minority as an alien minority who are wealthy, selfish, insular and opportunistic; this is partially due to the role some Chinese have played in perpetuating corrupt business practices. As targets of extortion and corruption by bureaucratic officials and youth/crime organisations, the Chinese are neither merely passive bystanders of the democratisation process in Indonesia nor powerless victims of corrupt practices. By focusing on the important interconnected aspects of the role Chinese play in post-Suharto Indonesia, via business, politics and civil society, this book argues, through a combination of Anthony Giddens’s structure-agency theory as well as Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of habitus and field, that although the Chinese are constrained by various conditions, they also have played an active role in shaping these conditions.Less
This book examines the complex situation of ethnic Chinese Indonesians in post-Suharto Indonesia, focusing on Chinese in two of the largest Indonesian cities, Medan and Surabaya. The fall of Suharto in May 1998 led to the opening up of a democratic and liberal space to include a diversity of political actors and ideals in the political process. However, due to the absence of an effective, genuinely reformist party or political coalition, predatory politico-business interests nurtured under the New Order managed to capture the new political and economic regimes. As a result, corruption and internal mismanagement continue to plague the bureaucracy in the country. The indigenous Indonesian population generally still perceives the Chinese minority as an alien minority who are wealthy, selfish, insular and opportunistic; this is partially due to the role some Chinese have played in perpetuating corrupt business practices. As targets of extortion and corruption by bureaucratic officials and youth/crime organisations, the Chinese are neither merely passive bystanders of the democratisation process in Indonesia nor powerless victims of corrupt practices. By focusing on the important interconnected aspects of the role Chinese play in post-Suharto Indonesia, via business, politics and civil society, this book argues, through a combination of Anthony Giddens’s structure-agency theory as well as Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of habitus and field, that although the Chinese are constrained by various conditions, they also have played an active role in shaping these conditions.
Wu-Ling Chong
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9789888455997
- eISBN:
- 9789888455508
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888455997.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
This chapter provides an analysis and summary of the active role of ethnic Chinese in reproducing and perpetuating their ambivalent position as well as in shaping Indonesia’s political, business, and ...
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This chapter provides an analysis and summary of the active role of ethnic Chinese in reproducing and perpetuating their ambivalent position as well as in shaping Indonesia’s political, business, and socio-cultural environment in the post-Suharto era. The chapter also suggests that studying the Chinese in Indonesia may direct us to rethink the effect of democratisation on ethnic minorities and the role that those minorities may have in how transformative democratisation can be both for their situation and the betterment of the wider society. Effective enforcement of the rule of law as well as an education system that promotes inter-ethnic understanding and solidarity could promote more open- and reform-minded people, including those from resented, economically dominant minorities, such as the Chinese in Indonesia.Less
This chapter provides an analysis and summary of the active role of ethnic Chinese in reproducing and perpetuating their ambivalent position as well as in shaping Indonesia’s political, business, and socio-cultural environment in the post-Suharto era. The chapter also suggests that studying the Chinese in Indonesia may direct us to rethink the effect of democratisation on ethnic minorities and the role that those minorities may have in how transformative democratisation can be both for their situation and the betterment of the wider society. Effective enforcement of the rule of law as well as an education system that promotes inter-ethnic understanding and solidarity could promote more open- and reform-minded people, including those from resented, economically dominant minorities, such as the Chinese in Indonesia.
Michael Laffan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691145303
- eISBN:
- 9781400839995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691145303.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter discusses the rise, largely in the nineteenth century, of a new form of populist authority that expanded the scope of Islamic activity beyond the reach of ever more marginalized courts. ...
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This chapter discusses the rise, largely in the nineteenth century, of a new form of populist authority that expanded the scope of Islamic activity beyond the reach of ever more marginalized courts. Indonesian Islam, supported in some instances by a growing native economy, moves away from court-mandated orthodoxy towards a closer connection with Mecca and the Middle East mediated by independent teachers. In some instances, these independent religious masters were able to prosper and to adapt to new modes of Sufi organization that saw the adoption of the tariqas in favor in the Ottoman Empire. By the century's end, the Naqshbandis in particular were exploring new ways of broadening their constituencies. These included somewhat controversial short-courses of instruction and the dissemination of printed materials that were increasingly available to a pesantren-schooled section of the public.Less
This chapter discusses the rise, largely in the nineteenth century, of a new form of populist authority that expanded the scope of Islamic activity beyond the reach of ever more marginalized courts. Indonesian Islam, supported in some instances by a growing native economy, moves away from court-mandated orthodoxy towards a closer connection with Mecca and the Middle East mediated by independent teachers. In some instances, these independent religious masters were able to prosper and to adapt to new modes of Sufi organization that saw the adoption of the tariqas in favor in the Ottoman Empire. By the century's end, the Naqshbandis in particular were exploring new ways of broadening their constituencies. These included somewhat controversial short-courses of instruction and the dissemination of printed materials that were increasingly available to a pesantren-schooled section of the public.
Michael Laffan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691145303
- eISBN:
- 9781400839995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691145303.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter shows how, with the rise of a national movement couched by some of the actors in terms of Islam, the advisors and their reformist fellow-travelers would be blamed and marginalized by a ...
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This chapter shows how, with the rise of a national movement couched by some of the actors in terms of Islam, the advisors and their reformist fellow-travelers would be blamed and marginalized by a reactionary colonial state, just in time for the Japanese occupation. The disastrous events of the Afdeeling B and its aftermath did not immediately destroy the relationship between the colonial advisors and the state, but they showed only too clearly that matters modern were not resolved. They also empowered forces whose ascent would result in the practical excommunication of the Office for Native Affairs from key decisions impacting the lives of Indonesians disabused of the promises of colonial tutelage. The campaigners of Sarekat Islam and related bodies would be forced to withdraw as well from a political field increasingly dominated by nationalist and communist agitators, who directed their rhetorical attacks at those they believed had engendered the pervasive backwardness of Indonesians.Less
This chapter shows how, with the rise of a national movement couched by some of the actors in terms of Islam, the advisors and their reformist fellow-travelers would be blamed and marginalized by a reactionary colonial state, just in time for the Japanese occupation. The disastrous events of the Afdeeling B and its aftermath did not immediately destroy the relationship between the colonial advisors and the state, but they showed only too clearly that matters modern were not resolved. They also empowered forces whose ascent would result in the practical excommunication of the Office for Native Affairs from key decisions impacting the lives of Indonesians disabused of the promises of colonial tutelage. The campaigners of Sarekat Islam and related bodies would be forced to withdraw as well from a political field increasingly dominated by nationalist and communist agitators, who directed their rhetorical attacks at those they believed had engendered the pervasive backwardness of Indonesians.
Christopher GoGwilt
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199751624
- eISBN:
- 9780199866199
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751624.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This book reevaluates twentieth-century literature and culture by studying the interrelations between English, Creole, and Indonesian formations of literary modernism. Each modernist formation is ...
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This book reevaluates twentieth-century literature and culture by studying the interrelations between English, Creole, and Indonesian formations of literary modernism. Each modernist formation is explained through a set of comparative studies of the fiction of Joseph Conrad, Jean Rhys, and Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Conrad's canonical profile in literary histories of English modernism is placed side by side with Rhys's contested position in postcolonial accounts of Caribbean writing and Pramoedya's prominent role in the history of Indonesian anti-colonial nationalism. The different models of reading at the heart of each writer's fiction lead to a reassessment of transnational modernism. The book argues that each passage of literature becomes the site of a contest between competing genealogies of modernism and modernity. Re-examining the linguistic and literary coordinates of Anglophone modernist studies, and combining the insights of Caribbean writers and theorists with recent work in Indonesian studies, the book outlines the imperatives of a new postcolonial philology and resituates European modernism within the literary, linguistic, and historical context of decolonization.Less
This book reevaluates twentieth-century literature and culture by studying the interrelations between English, Creole, and Indonesian formations of literary modernism. Each modernist formation is explained through a set of comparative studies of the fiction of Joseph Conrad, Jean Rhys, and Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Conrad's canonical profile in literary histories of English modernism is placed side by side with Rhys's contested position in postcolonial accounts of Caribbean writing and Pramoedya's prominent role in the history of Indonesian anti-colonial nationalism. The different models of reading at the heart of each writer's fiction lead to a reassessment of transnational modernism. The book argues that each passage of literature becomes the site of a contest between competing genealogies of modernism and modernity. Re-examining the linguistic and literary coordinates of Anglophone modernist studies, and combining the insights of Caribbean writers and theorists with recent work in Indonesian studies, the book outlines the imperatives of a new postcolonial philology and resituates European modernism within the literary, linguistic, and historical context of decolonization.
Julie Anne Legate
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028141
- eISBN:
- 9780262320559
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028141.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
Voice and v investigates the syntactic structure of voice, using Acehnese as the empirical starting point. A central claim is that voice is encoded in a functional projection, VoiceP, which is ...
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Voice and v investigates the syntactic structure of voice, using Acehnese as the empirical starting point. A central claim is that voice is encoded in a functional projection, VoiceP, which is distinct from, and higher than, vP. The book further claims that VoiceP may be associated with phi-features that semantically restrict the external argument position but do not saturate it. Through minor variations in the properties of VoiceP, a wide range of non-canonical voice constructions are explained, including: agent-agreeing passives, grammatical object passives, impersonals, object voice constructions, and applicative voice in causatives. The analysis draws on data from a typologically diverse set of languages, not only Malayo-Polynesian, but also Celtic, Scandinavian, and Slavic. Voice and v provides a detailed investigation into the syntactic structure of an understudied Malayo-Polynesian language, and thereby reveals important insights for the theoretical analysis of voice and the verb phrase. Moreover, the work applies and broadens these insights to a range of related passive-like constructions crosslinguistically. Voice and v thus joins a handful of model volumes that enlist typological depth and breadth to further our development of modern linguistic theory.Less
Voice and v investigates the syntactic structure of voice, using Acehnese as the empirical starting point. A central claim is that voice is encoded in a functional projection, VoiceP, which is distinct from, and higher than, vP. The book further claims that VoiceP may be associated with phi-features that semantically restrict the external argument position but do not saturate it. Through minor variations in the properties of VoiceP, a wide range of non-canonical voice constructions are explained, including: agent-agreeing passives, grammatical object passives, impersonals, object voice constructions, and applicative voice in causatives. The analysis draws on data from a typologically diverse set of languages, not only Malayo-Polynesian, but also Celtic, Scandinavian, and Slavic. Voice and v provides a detailed investigation into the syntactic structure of an understudied Malayo-Polynesian language, and thereby reveals important insights for the theoretical analysis of voice and the verb phrase. Moreover, the work applies and broadens these insights to a range of related passive-like constructions crosslinguistically. Voice and v thus joins a handful of model volumes that enlist typological depth and breadth to further our development of modern linguistic theory.
Christopher GoGwilt
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199751624
- eISBN:
- 9780199866199
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751624.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Chapter 1 defines the sense of modernism used in the book and outlines the linguistic-literary coordinates of English, Creole, and Indonesian modernisms. It frames the study to come in terms of the ...
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Chapter 1 defines the sense of modernism used in the book and outlines the linguistic-literary coordinates of English, Creole, and Indonesian modernisms. It frames the study to come in terms of the parallel historical formations of the Oxford English Dictionary and the Indonesian language during the turn from the nineteenth to the twentieth century. The second part of the chapter introduces the genealogies of modernism implicit in the work of Conrad, Rhys, and Pramoedya, as these emerge in autobiographical fragments from each writer's work.Less
Chapter 1 defines the sense of modernism used in the book and outlines the linguistic-literary coordinates of English, Creole, and Indonesian modernisms. It frames the study to come in terms of the parallel historical formations of the Oxford English Dictionary and the Indonesian language during the turn from the nineteenth to the twentieth century. The second part of the chapter introduces the genealogies of modernism implicit in the work of Conrad, Rhys, and Pramoedya, as these emerge in autobiographical fragments from each writer's work.
Christopher GoGwilt
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199751624
- eISBN:
- 9780199866199
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751624.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Chapter 6 examines the literary and historical significance of narratives about the nyai (concubine, mistress, or house-servant) published during the turn from the nineteenth to the twentieth ...
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Chapter 6 examines the literary and historical significance of narratives about the nyai (concubine, mistress, or house-servant) published during the turn from the nineteenth to the twentieth centuries. Explaining the significance of the genre of the nyai narrative for Pramoedya's Buru tetralogy, the chapter argues that the formation and disappearance of this genre during the turn of the century may be traced in the work of Joseph Conrad. Reflecting on the traumatic core of Indonesian modernism, Pramoedya's return to the genre of the nyai narrative reflects, in turn, on a traumatic core of early twentieth-century transnational modernism.Less
Chapter 6 examines the literary and historical significance of narratives about the nyai (concubine, mistress, or house-servant) published during the turn from the nineteenth to the twentieth centuries. Explaining the significance of the genre of the nyai narrative for Pramoedya's Buru tetralogy, the chapter argues that the formation and disappearance of this genre during the turn of the century may be traced in the work of Joseph Conrad. Reflecting on the traumatic core of Indonesian modernism, Pramoedya's return to the genre of the nyai narrative reflects, in turn, on a traumatic core of early twentieth-century transnational modernism.
Christopher GoGwilt
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199751624
- eISBN:
- 9780199866199
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751624.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Chapter 8 offers some concluding reflections on the practical and theoretical consequences of the book's comparative study of English, Creole, and Indonesian modernist formations. The chapter ...
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Chapter 8 offers some concluding reflections on the practical and theoretical consequences of the book's comparative study of English, Creole, and Indonesian modernist formations. The chapter outlines the emergence of a postcolonial philology in the shift from nineteenth-century European comparative philology to twentieth-century literary criticism. This re-examination of the “linguistic turn” of twentieth-century literary theory is revealed in the contrasting colonial and anti-colonial linguistic phenomena of the Oxford English Dictionary (exemplifying the formation of English modernism) and the new language of bahasa Indonesia (exemplifying the formation of Indonesian modernism). Both phenomena together draw attention to the theory and practice of a postcolonial philology that grasps the individual passage of literary text as the fragmentary deposit of multiple, overlapping, and contested literary systems of culture.Less
Chapter 8 offers some concluding reflections on the practical and theoretical consequences of the book's comparative study of English, Creole, and Indonesian modernist formations. The chapter outlines the emergence of a postcolonial philology in the shift from nineteenth-century European comparative philology to twentieth-century literary criticism. This re-examination of the “linguistic turn” of twentieth-century literary theory is revealed in the contrasting colonial and anti-colonial linguistic phenomena of the Oxford English Dictionary (exemplifying the formation of English modernism) and the new language of bahasa Indonesia (exemplifying the formation of Indonesian modernism). Both phenomena together draw attention to the theory and practice of a postcolonial philology that grasps the individual passage of literary text as the fragmentary deposit of multiple, overlapping, and contested literary systems of culture.
Kamal Sadiq
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195371222
- eISBN:
- 9780199852178
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371222.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter outlines illegal immigration in India, Malaysia, and Pakistan, demonstrating the magnitude, strength, and pervasive nature of illegal-immigrant networks. It begins by analyzing the ...
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This chapter outlines illegal immigration in India, Malaysia, and Pakistan, demonstrating the magnitude, strength, and pervasive nature of illegal-immigrant networks. It begins by analyzing the neglect of illegal immigration within developing countries, pointing out the troubled relationship between the state and data generation. These methodological challenges explain why illegal immigration is rendered invisible. Then, it lifts the veil on illegal immigration in some countries, establishing the large and expanding number of illegal immigrants in India, Malaysia, and Pakistan. Particular focus is placed on the illegal Bangladeshis settled in Assam, Northeast India. Next, it describes the invisible flows of Filipinos and Indonesians to Malaysia, paying particular attention to their pervasive networks in Sabah, East Malaysia. Data showed that large illegal immigrant flows into India, Malaysia, and Pakistan are being silently absorbed into the host states.Less
This chapter outlines illegal immigration in India, Malaysia, and Pakistan, demonstrating the magnitude, strength, and pervasive nature of illegal-immigrant networks. It begins by analyzing the neglect of illegal immigration within developing countries, pointing out the troubled relationship between the state and data generation. These methodological challenges explain why illegal immigration is rendered invisible. Then, it lifts the veil on illegal immigration in some countries, establishing the large and expanding number of illegal immigrants in India, Malaysia, and Pakistan. Particular focus is placed on the illegal Bangladeshis settled in Assam, Northeast India. Next, it describes the invisible flows of Filipinos and Indonesians to Malaysia, paying particular attention to their pervasive networks in Sabah, East Malaysia. Data showed that large illegal immigrant flows into India, Malaysia, and Pakistan are being silently absorbed into the host states.
Jonathan Benthall
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781784993085
- eISBN:
- 9781526124005
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784993085.003.0009
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Middle Eastern Cultural Anthropology
This Chapter republishes a review of Amelia Fauzia’s book Faith and the State: Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia, originally published in the Asian Journal of Social Science in 2014. Most research ...
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This Chapter republishes a review of Amelia Fauzia’s book Faith and the State: Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia, originally published in the Asian Journal of Social Science in 2014. Most research published in English since 2000 on Islamic philanthropy and humanitarianism has concentrated on the Middle East, South and Central Asia, and Europe and the USA. Fauzia’s impressive monograph on Indonesia bears comparison with any of this research. She explores how zakat (the Islamic tithe) and sadaqa (optional charity) have been implemented in various ways in Indonesia. Her guiding theme is the tension between the private or personal imperatives of the Islamic revelation and public conduct where persuasion or coercion can be effective, including that exerted by the modern state. She gives special attention to the “modernist” Muhammadiyah, founded in 1912. The Chapter proposes an angle for historical research: to what extent did Christian institutions introduced by colonial powers affect the development of Islamic charities in Indonesia and elsewhere?Less
This Chapter republishes a review of Amelia Fauzia’s book Faith and the State: Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia, originally published in the Asian Journal of Social Science in 2014. Most research published in English since 2000 on Islamic philanthropy and humanitarianism has concentrated on the Middle East, South and Central Asia, and Europe and the USA. Fauzia’s impressive monograph on Indonesia bears comparison with any of this research. She explores how zakat (the Islamic tithe) and sadaqa (optional charity) have been implemented in various ways in Indonesia. Her guiding theme is the tension between the private or personal imperatives of the Islamic revelation and public conduct where persuasion or coercion can be effective, including that exerted by the modern state. She gives special attention to the “modernist” Muhammadiyah, founded in 1912. The Chapter proposes an angle for historical research: to what extent did Christian institutions introduced by colonial powers affect the development of Islamic charities in Indonesia and elsewhere?
Robert W. Hefner
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520069336
- eISBN:
- 9780520913769
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520069336.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
The history and organization of landholding and labor organization in the highlands remain poorly documented. We know little of how colonialism affected upland labor organization and even less about ...
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The history and organization of landholding and labor organization in the highlands remain poorly documented. We know little of how colonialism affected upland labor organization and even less about the impact of commercial agriculture today. This chapter aims to provide just such a chronicle, examining the social processes that have shaped landholding and labor relations in the Tengger highlands. Neither reality is a pure market phenomenon. Both show the dramatic influence of broader shifts in Indonesian politics and society. Both illustrate the general truth that market conditions are always shaped by the legal, moral, and political circumstances of society as a whole.Less
The history and organization of landholding and labor organization in the highlands remain poorly documented. We know little of how colonialism affected upland labor organization and even less about the impact of commercial agriculture today. This chapter aims to provide just such a chronicle, examining the social processes that have shaped landholding and labor relations in the Tengger highlands. Neither reality is a pure market phenomenon. Both show the dramatic influence of broader shifts in Indonesian politics and society. Both illustrate the general truth that market conditions are always shaped by the legal, moral, and political circumstances of society as a whole.
L. Ayu Saraswati
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824836641
- eISBN:
- 9780824871161
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824836641.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
In Indonesia, light skin color has been desirable throughout recorded history. This book explores Indonesia's changing beauty ideals and traces them to a number of influences: first to ninth-century ...
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In Indonesia, light skin color has been desirable throughout recorded history. This book explores Indonesia's changing beauty ideals and traces them to a number of influences: first to ninth-century India and some of the oldest surviving Indonesian literary works; then, a thousand years later, to the impact of Dutch colonialism and the wartime occupation of Japan; and finally, in the post-colonial period, to the popularity of American culture. The book shows how the transnational circulation of people, images, and ideas have shaped and shifted discourses and hierarchies of race, gender, skin color, and beauty in Indonesia. It employs “affect” theories and feminist cultural studies as a lens through which to analyze a vast range of materials, including the Old Javanese epic poem Ramayana, archival materials, magazine advertisements, commercial products, and numerous interviews with Indonesian women. The book offers tools that allow readers to rethink issues of race and gender in a global context and understand how feelings and emotions—Western constructs as well as Indian, Javanese, and Indonesian notions such as rasa and malu—contribute to and are constitutive of transnational and gendered processes of racialization. The book argues that it is how emotions come to be attached to certain objects and how they circulate that shape the “emotionscape” of white beauty in Indonesia. It is a theoretical exploration of the ways in which representations of beauty and the emotions they embody travel geographically and help shape attitudes and beliefs toward race and gender in a transnational world.Less
In Indonesia, light skin color has been desirable throughout recorded history. This book explores Indonesia's changing beauty ideals and traces them to a number of influences: first to ninth-century India and some of the oldest surviving Indonesian literary works; then, a thousand years later, to the impact of Dutch colonialism and the wartime occupation of Japan; and finally, in the post-colonial period, to the popularity of American culture. The book shows how the transnational circulation of people, images, and ideas have shaped and shifted discourses and hierarchies of race, gender, skin color, and beauty in Indonesia. It employs “affect” theories and feminist cultural studies as a lens through which to analyze a vast range of materials, including the Old Javanese epic poem Ramayana, archival materials, magazine advertisements, commercial products, and numerous interviews with Indonesian women. The book offers tools that allow readers to rethink issues of race and gender in a global context and understand how feelings and emotions—Western constructs as well as Indian, Javanese, and Indonesian notions such as rasa and malu—contribute to and are constitutive of transnational and gendered processes of racialization. The book argues that it is how emotions come to be attached to certain objects and how they circulate that shape the “emotionscape” of white beauty in Indonesia. It is a theoretical exploration of the ways in which representations of beauty and the emotions they embody travel geographically and help shape attitudes and beliefs toward race and gender in a transnational world.
Johan A. Lindquist
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832018
- eISBN:
- 9780824869977
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832018.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
Since the late 1960s the Indonesian island of Batam has been transformed from a sleepy fishing village to a booming frontier town, where foreign investment, mostly from neighboring Singapore, ...
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Since the late 1960s the Indonesian island of Batam has been transformed from a sleepy fishing village to a booming frontier town, where foreign investment, mostly from neighboring Singapore, converges with inexpensive land and labor. Indonesian female migrants dominate the island's economic landscape both as factory workers and as prostitutes. Indonesians also move across the border in search of work in Malaysia and Singapore as plantation and construction workers or maids. Export-processing zones such as Batam are both celebrated and vilified in contemporary debates on economic globalization. The book moves beyond these dichotomies to explore the experiences of migrants and tourists who pass through Batam. The book portrays globalization in terms of relationships that bind individuals together over long distances. It offers a unique ethnographic perspective, drawing together the worlds of factory workers and prostitutes, migrants and tourists, and creating an account of everyday life in a borderland characterized by dramatic capitalist expansion. The book uses three Indonesian concepts (merantau, malu, liar) to shed light on the mobility of migrants and tourists on Batam. The first refers to a person's relationship with home while in the process of migration. The second signifies the shame or embarrassment felt when one is between accepted roles and emotional states. The third is used to identify those who are out of place, notably squatters, couples in premarital cohabitation, and prostitutes without pimps. These sometimes overlapping concepts allow the book to move across geographical and metaphorical boundaries and between various economies.Less
Since the late 1960s the Indonesian island of Batam has been transformed from a sleepy fishing village to a booming frontier town, where foreign investment, mostly from neighboring Singapore, converges with inexpensive land and labor. Indonesian female migrants dominate the island's economic landscape both as factory workers and as prostitutes. Indonesians also move across the border in search of work in Malaysia and Singapore as plantation and construction workers or maids. Export-processing zones such as Batam are both celebrated and vilified in contemporary debates on economic globalization. The book moves beyond these dichotomies to explore the experiences of migrants and tourists who pass through Batam. The book portrays globalization in terms of relationships that bind individuals together over long distances. It offers a unique ethnographic perspective, drawing together the worlds of factory workers and prostitutes, migrants and tourists, and creating an account of everyday life in a borderland characterized by dramatic capitalist expansion. The book uses three Indonesian concepts (merantau, malu, liar) to shed light on the mobility of migrants and tourists on Batam. The first refers to a person's relationship with home while in the process of migration. The second signifies the shame or embarrassment felt when one is between accepted roles and emotional states. The third is used to identify those who are out of place, notably squatters, couples in premarital cohabitation, and prostitutes without pimps. These sometimes overlapping concepts allow the book to move across geographical and metaphorical boundaries and between various economies.
Taomo Zhou
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501739934
- eISBN:
- 9781501739941
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501739934.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter illustrates the complex issue of citizenship facing the ethnic Chinese as well as the raging competition between pro-Beijing and pro-Taipei factions in the diasporic community. By ...
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This chapter illustrates the complex issue of citizenship facing the ethnic Chinese as well as the raging competition between pro-Beijing and pro-Taipei factions in the diasporic community. By signing the 1955 Sino-Indonesian Dual Nationality Treaty, Beijing hoped to encourage the assimilation of the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia and clear the way for the future development of bilateral relations. The treaty marked two fundamental changes. First, Beijing announced that Chinese nationality could no longer be inherited indefinitely and unconditionally through the law of blood. Second, Jakarta no longer automatically recognized all local-born Chinese as Indonesian citizens. Instead, individuals had to take active legal action to acquire Indonesian citizenship if they desired to do so. Yet, due to misinformation, the shortage of legal services, and the inefficiency of Indonesian bureaucracy, hundreds of thousands of ethnic Chinese lost their Indonesian citizenship even though they planned to continue living in Indonesia. Moreover, despite Beijing calling upon the ethnic Chinese to “correct the deep-rooted feelings of racial superiority” and not to regard opting for Indonesian citizenship as “losing face,” many still purposefully repudiated Indonesian citizenship. The chapter then looks at how the pro-People's Republic of China bloc launched aggressive attacks against their pro-Republic of China rivals for control over Chinese-language media, civic associations, and Chinese-medium schools.Less
This chapter illustrates the complex issue of citizenship facing the ethnic Chinese as well as the raging competition between pro-Beijing and pro-Taipei factions in the diasporic community. By signing the 1955 Sino-Indonesian Dual Nationality Treaty, Beijing hoped to encourage the assimilation of the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia and clear the way for the future development of bilateral relations. The treaty marked two fundamental changes. First, Beijing announced that Chinese nationality could no longer be inherited indefinitely and unconditionally through the law of blood. Second, Jakarta no longer automatically recognized all local-born Chinese as Indonesian citizens. Instead, individuals had to take active legal action to acquire Indonesian citizenship if they desired to do so. Yet, due to misinformation, the shortage of legal services, and the inefficiency of Indonesian bureaucracy, hundreds of thousands of ethnic Chinese lost their Indonesian citizenship even though they planned to continue living in Indonesia. Moreover, despite Beijing calling upon the ethnic Chinese to “correct the deep-rooted feelings of racial superiority” and not to regard opting for Indonesian citizenship as “losing face,” many still purposefully repudiated Indonesian citizenship. The chapter then looks at how the pro-People's Republic of China bloc launched aggressive attacks against their pro-Republic of China rivals for control over Chinese-language media, civic associations, and Chinese-medium schools.
Taomo Zhou
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501739934
- eISBN:
- 9781501739941
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501739934.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter focuses on the September Thirtieth Movement. In the early morning before dawn on October 1, 1965, a group of mostly middle-ranking military officers calling themselves the September ...
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This chapter focuses on the September Thirtieth Movement. In the early morning before dawn on October 1, 1965, a group of mostly middle-ranking military officers calling themselves the September Thirtieth Movement kidnapped and killed six senior anti-Communist generals. They later announced that a Revolutionary Council composed of left-wing, right-wing, and neutral political forces had seized power. General Suharto and the Indonesian army under him claimed that the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) had organized the movement with the encouragement of and support from Beijing in order to spark a national uprising. Ten days after the movement, the Indonesian army accused the Chinese government of smuggling arms to the PKI for the revolt. This claim of Beijing's alleged behind-the-scenes role in the September Thirtieth Movement fanned anti-China and anti-Chinese sentiments in Indonesia. In the months following the September Thirtieth Movement, Sino-Indonesian relations deteriorated sharply and mass demonstrations broke out across Indonesia at People's Republic of China embassies, consulates, and news agencies. The chapter then claims that the Suharto regime manufactured these claims to justify its anti-Communist purges.Less
This chapter focuses on the September Thirtieth Movement. In the early morning before dawn on October 1, 1965, a group of mostly middle-ranking military officers calling themselves the September Thirtieth Movement kidnapped and killed six senior anti-Communist generals. They later announced that a Revolutionary Council composed of left-wing, right-wing, and neutral political forces had seized power. General Suharto and the Indonesian army under him claimed that the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) had organized the movement with the encouragement of and support from Beijing in order to spark a national uprising. Ten days after the movement, the Indonesian army accused the Chinese government of smuggling arms to the PKI for the revolt. This claim of Beijing's alleged behind-the-scenes role in the September Thirtieth Movement fanned anti-China and anti-Chinese sentiments in Indonesia. In the months following the September Thirtieth Movement, Sino-Indonesian relations deteriorated sharply and mass demonstrations broke out across Indonesia at People's Republic of China embassies, consulates, and news agencies. The chapter then claims that the Suharto regime manufactured these claims to justify its anti-Communist purges.
Arskal Salim
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832377
- eISBN:
- 9780824868963
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832377.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
This book examines Muslim efforts to incorporate sharia (religious law) into modern Indonesia's legal system from the time of independence in 1945 to the present. The book argues that attempts to ...
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This book examines Muslim efforts to incorporate sharia (religious law) into modern Indonesia's legal system from the time of independence in 1945 to the present. The book argues that attempts to formally implement sharia in Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim state, have always been marked by tensions between the political aspirations of proponents and opponents of sharia and by resistance from the national government. As a result, although pro-sharia movements have made significant progress in recent years, sharia remains tightly confined within Indonesia's secular legal system. The book first places developments in Indonesia within a broad historical and geographic context, offering an analysis of the Ottoman empire's millet system and comparisons of different approaches to pro-sharia movements in other Muslim countries (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan). It then describes early aspirations for the formal implementation of sharia in Indonesia. Later chapters explore the efforts of Islamic parties in Indonesia to include sharia in national law. The book offers a detailed analysis of debates over the constitution and possible amendments to it concerning the obligation of Indonesian Muslims to follow Islamic law. A study of the Zakat Law illustrates the complicated relationship between the religious duties of Muslim citizens and the nonreligious character of the modern nation-state. The book concludes with a review of the profound conflicts and tensions found in the motivations behind Islamization.Less
This book examines Muslim efforts to incorporate sharia (religious law) into modern Indonesia's legal system from the time of independence in 1945 to the present. The book argues that attempts to formally implement sharia in Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim state, have always been marked by tensions between the political aspirations of proponents and opponents of sharia and by resistance from the national government. As a result, although pro-sharia movements have made significant progress in recent years, sharia remains tightly confined within Indonesia's secular legal system. The book first places developments in Indonesia within a broad historical and geographic context, offering an analysis of the Ottoman empire's millet system and comparisons of different approaches to pro-sharia movements in other Muslim countries (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan). It then describes early aspirations for the formal implementation of sharia in Indonesia. Later chapters explore the efforts of Islamic parties in Indonesia to include sharia in national law. The book offers a detailed analysis of debates over the constitution and possible amendments to it concerning the obligation of Indonesian Muslims to follow Islamic law. A study of the Zakat Law illustrates the complicated relationship between the religious duties of Muslim citizens and the nonreligious character of the modern nation-state. The book concludes with a review of the profound conflicts and tensions found in the motivations behind Islamization.
