Mishuana Goeman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816677900
- eISBN:
- 9781452948218
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816677900.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Chapter three furthers the methods of indigenous women's use of literary maps to work through various spatial injustices that particularly effected women of color throughout the 1980-1990's. Joy ...
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Chapter three furthers the methods of indigenous women's use of literary maps to work through various spatial injustices that particularly effected women of color throughout the 1980-1990's. Joy Harjo enables us to see the relationship between local spaces and global violences and indigenous methods for healing the rift caused by NAFTA and the policies leading up to its enactment.Less
Chapter three furthers the methods of indigenous women's use of literary maps to work through various spatial injustices that particularly effected women of color throughout the 1980-1990's. Joy Harjo enables us to see the relationship between local spaces and global violences and indigenous methods for healing the rift caused by NAFTA and the policies leading up to its enactment.
Steven Salaita
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781517901417
- eISBN:
- 9781452955292
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517901417.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
Inter/Nationalism examines mutual forms of decolonization in North America and Palestine. Salaita analyzes the many ways that the issue of Palestine has become important to the fields of American ...
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Inter/Nationalism examines mutual forms of decolonization in North America and Palestine. Salaita analyzes the many ways that the issue of Palestine has become important to the fields of American Indian and Indigenous Studies while arguing that American Indian and Indigenous Studies should be more central to scholarship and activism focused on Palestine. The book emphasizes the importance of the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions, or BDS, movement against Israel to the creation of intellectual and political communities that put Natives and Palestinians into conversation. Offering an inside account of how BDS operates, the book illustrates its terrific potential as an organizing community. Salaita also critiques a wide range of Native poetry that invokes Palestine as a theme or symbol; the speeches of US president Andrew Jackson, who oversaw the Trail of Tears, and early Zionist thinker Ze’ev (Vladimir) Jabotinsky; and the discourses of “shared values” between the United States and Israel. The book is written for both academics and activists, with the goal of eroding the traditional boundaries between the two communities.Less
Inter/Nationalism examines mutual forms of decolonization in North America and Palestine. Salaita analyzes the many ways that the issue of Palestine has become important to the fields of American Indian and Indigenous Studies while arguing that American Indian and Indigenous Studies should be more central to scholarship and activism focused on Palestine. The book emphasizes the importance of the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions, or BDS, movement against Israel to the creation of intellectual and political communities that put Natives and Palestinians into conversation. Offering an inside account of how BDS operates, the book illustrates its terrific potential as an organizing community. Salaita also critiques a wide range of Native poetry that invokes Palestine as a theme or symbol; the speeches of US president Andrew Jackson, who oversaw the Trail of Tears, and early Zionist thinker Ze’ev (Vladimir) Jabotinsky; and the discourses of “shared values” between the United States and Israel. The book is written for both academics and activists, with the goal of eroding the traditional boundaries between the two communities.
Mishuana Goeman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816677900
- eISBN:
- 9781452948218
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816677900.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Chapter four continues the examination of global violence and connects it to early forms of literary mappings, by examining Leslie Marmon Silko's epic novel Almanac of the Dead. The use of narrative ...
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Chapter four continues the examination of global violence and connects it to early forms of literary mappings, by examining Leslie Marmon Silko's epic novel Almanac of the Dead. The use of narrative as counterparts to producing and being productive of space have led to great spatial injustice in the wake of neoliberal policies that seek to further privatize spaces from that of the body to land. By connecting the early spatial restructuring to that of the turn of the century, we are able to see the on-going effects of colonial spatial restructuring and find solutions for (re)mapping our nations.Less
Chapter four continues the examination of global violence and connects it to early forms of literary mappings, by examining Leslie Marmon Silko's epic novel Almanac of the Dead. The use of narrative as counterparts to producing and being productive of space have led to great spatial injustice in the wake of neoliberal policies that seek to further privatize spaces from that of the body to land. By connecting the early spatial restructuring to that of the turn of the century, we are able to see the on-going effects of colonial spatial restructuring and find solutions for (re)mapping our nations.
Candace Fujikane
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780823278602
- eISBN:
- 9780823280629
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823278602.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Following the focus on Palestine in the previous chapter, Chapter 9 takes as a critical starting point the complicit relationship Asian American politicians such as Senator Daniel Inouye shared with ...
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Following the focus on Palestine in the previous chapter, Chapter 9 takes as a critical starting point the complicit relationship Asian American politicians such as Senator Daniel Inouye shared with Israel. Such complicit “yellowwashing,” which involves a strategic remembrance of World War II–era Japanese American incarceration, presages Fujikane’s alternative evaluation of “liberatory solidarities” between Pacific Islanders and Palestinians.Less
Following the focus on Palestine in the previous chapter, Chapter 9 takes as a critical starting point the complicit relationship Asian American politicians such as Senator Daniel Inouye shared with Israel. Such complicit “yellowwashing,” which involves a strategic remembrance of World War II–era Japanese American incarceration, presages Fujikane’s alternative evaluation of “liberatory solidarities” between Pacific Islanders and Palestinians.
Elizabeth Hoover
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781517903022
- eISBN:
- 9781452958880
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517903022.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
The first chapter introduces the Superfund process, and describes how concepts and theories around environmental justice and political ecology need to be framed with an understanding of settler ...
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The first chapter introduces the Superfund process, and describes how concepts and theories around environmental justice and political ecology need to be framed with an understanding of settler colonialism to be applied to Native American communities. This introduction also describes the community based methods from which this project was born, and lays out the three bodies (individual, social and political) through which Akwesasro:non responses to topics throughout the book are framedLess
The first chapter introduces the Superfund process, and describes how concepts and theories around environmental justice and political ecology need to be framed with an understanding of settler colonialism to be applied to Native American communities. This introduction also describes the community based methods from which this project was born, and lays out the three bodies (individual, social and political) through which Akwesasro:non responses to topics throughout the book are framed
Elizabeth Hoover
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781517903022
- eISBN:
- 9781452958880
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517903022.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
Rooted in interview material with scientists, field workers and study participants, as well as the literatures of citizen science, CBPR, and study report-back, the third chapter discusses the ...
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Rooted in interview material with scientists, field workers and study participants, as well as the literatures of citizen science, CBPR, and study report-back, the third chapter discusses the benefits and challenges for both scientists and community members of this large-scale CBPR project.Less
Rooted in interview material with scientists, field workers and study participants, as well as the literatures of citizen science, CBPR, and study report-back, the third chapter discusses the benefits and challenges for both scientists and community members of this large-scale CBPR project.
Mishuana Goeman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816677900
- eISBN:
- 9781452948218
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816677900.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Mishuana Goeman provides feminist interventions into an analysis of colonial spatial restructuring of Native lands and bodies in the twentieth century. Through an examination of the ways that Native ...
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Mishuana Goeman provides feminist interventions into an analysis of colonial spatial restructuring of Native lands and bodies in the twentieth century. Through an examination of the ways that Native women's poetry and prose reveal settler colonialism in North America as an enduring form of gendered spatial violence, she continually ask how rigid spatial categories, such as nations, borders, reservations, and urban areas are formed by settler nation-states structuring of space. As Native people become mobile, reserv/ation land bases become overcrowded, and the state seeks to enforce means of containment and close its borders to incoming, often indigenous, immigrants, it is imperative to refocus Native nations efforts beyond replicating settler models of territory, jurisdiction, borders, and race. The authors imagining of such alternative to gendered and colonial spatial violence, territorial property logics, and uneven regimes of capitalist accumulation and dispossession have deep roots in narrative geographies, thus providing the basis for her Native feminist interventions. The book brings multiple fields into this complex conversation such as Native American Studies, Literary and Cultural Studies, Feminist and Gender Studies, Postcolonial Studies, Cultural Geography, and American Studies. In (re)mapping colonial logics, Native people hold the power to rethink the way they engage with territory, relationships to each other and with other Native nations and settler nations. It is these stories that will lead the way as they have for generations.Less
Mishuana Goeman provides feminist interventions into an analysis of colonial spatial restructuring of Native lands and bodies in the twentieth century. Through an examination of the ways that Native women's poetry and prose reveal settler colonialism in North America as an enduring form of gendered spatial violence, she continually ask how rigid spatial categories, such as nations, borders, reservations, and urban areas are formed by settler nation-states structuring of space. As Native people become mobile, reserv/ation land bases become overcrowded, and the state seeks to enforce means of containment and close its borders to incoming, often indigenous, immigrants, it is imperative to refocus Native nations efforts beyond replicating settler models of territory, jurisdiction, borders, and race. The authors imagining of such alternative to gendered and colonial spatial violence, territorial property logics, and uneven regimes of capitalist accumulation and dispossession have deep roots in narrative geographies, thus providing the basis for her Native feminist interventions. The book brings multiple fields into this complex conversation such as Native American Studies, Literary and Cultural Studies, Feminist and Gender Studies, Postcolonial Studies, Cultural Geography, and American Studies. In (re)mapping colonial logics, Native people hold the power to rethink the way they engage with territory, relationships to each other and with other Native nations and settler nations. It is these stories that will lead the way as they have for generations.
Edgar Garcia
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226658971
- eISBN:
- 9780226659169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226659169.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
The afterword reflects on the book’s methodology, which it calls an “anthropological poetics.” In elaborating an anthropological framework in literary studies, this afterword lingers with the ...
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The afterword reflects on the book’s methodology, which it calls an “anthropological poetics.” In elaborating an anthropological framework in literary studies, this afterword lingers with the difficulty of trying to understand how the structures of language shape and complicate the structures of the worlds in which words and people find themselves. The afterword thus explains how, in allowing for aesthetics (especially form and rhythm) to take on world-making, world-framing, and world-breaking force, the present book follows Gloria Anzaldúa’s emphasis that “it is vital that we occupy theorizing space, that we not allow white men and women solely to occupy it...[because by] bringing in our own approaches and methodologies, we transform that theorizing space.” This afterword highlights how the book has taken such an approach to poetic objects, striving to allow their forms to theorize on the situations in which they find themselves and, in recognizing themselves there, to which they give situational definition. It concludes with a reading of Central-American poet and visual artist Roberto Harrison’s visual and literary engagements with Kuna molas and applique techniques.Less
The afterword reflects on the book’s methodology, which it calls an “anthropological poetics.” In elaborating an anthropological framework in literary studies, this afterword lingers with the difficulty of trying to understand how the structures of language shape and complicate the structures of the worlds in which words and people find themselves. The afterword thus explains how, in allowing for aesthetics (especially form and rhythm) to take on world-making, world-framing, and world-breaking force, the present book follows Gloria Anzaldúa’s emphasis that “it is vital that we occupy theorizing space, that we not allow white men and women solely to occupy it...[because by] bringing in our own approaches and methodologies, we transform that theorizing space.” This afterword highlights how the book has taken such an approach to poetic objects, striving to allow their forms to theorize on the situations in which they find themselves and, in recognizing themselves there, to which they give situational definition. It concludes with a reading of Central-American poet and visual artist Roberto Harrison’s visual and literary engagements with Kuna molas and applique techniques.
Mishuana Goeman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816677900
- eISBN:
- 9781452948218
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816677900.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Chapter two, the poetry of Esther Belin enables us to begin to imagine alternatives from the exclusion promoted through gendered indigenous policies. Through literary and cultural maps Belin enables ...
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Chapter two, the poetry of Esther Belin enables us to begin to imagine alternatives from the exclusion promoted through gendered indigenous policies. Through literary and cultural maps Belin enables us to work through the colonial restructuring of lands and bodies meted out through the policies of Termination and Relocation in the 1950's-70's.Less
Chapter two, the poetry of Esther Belin enables us to begin to imagine alternatives from the exclusion promoted through gendered indigenous policies. Through literary and cultural maps Belin enables us to work through the colonial restructuring of lands and bodies meted out through the policies of Termination and Relocation in the 1950's-70's.
Mishuana Goeman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816677900
- eISBN:
- 9781452948218
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816677900.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
In chapter one, an examination of two short stories by E. Pauline Johnson exemplify the interstices of race, gender, and nation as they pertain to the concept of civilizing Indians and excluding ...
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In chapter one, an examination of two short stories by E. Pauline Johnson exemplify the interstices of race, gender, and nation as they pertain to the concept of civilizing Indians and excluding Native women from national spaces (both First Nation and Canada) through the Indian Act in the early 1900's. Johnson, through her heroines and the intimate act of marriage and public act of citizenship, speaks to the colonial restructuring of Native lands and bodies.Less
In chapter one, an examination of two short stories by E. Pauline Johnson exemplify the interstices of race, gender, and nation as they pertain to the concept of civilizing Indians and excluding Native women from national spaces (both First Nation and Canada) through the Indian Act in the early 1900's. Johnson, through her heroines and the intimate act of marriage and public act of citizenship, speaks to the colonial restructuring of Native lands and bodies.
Kristina M. Jacobsen
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469631868
- eISBN:
- 9781469631882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631868.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
The conclusion reflects on how a politics of difference and belonging—and the idea of indigenous social authenticity more broadly—is negotiated by Diné citizens. Focusing on the language fluency ...
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The conclusion reflects on how a politics of difference and belonging—and the idea of indigenous social authenticity more broadly—is negotiated by Diné citizens. Focusing on the language fluency controversy in the most recent Navajo Presidential election with Presidential Candidate Christopher C. Deschene, I address what the stakes might be in reifying social difference through the lenses of linguistic knowledge and performance, place of residence, musical taste, and phenotype. I then examine language use and vitality in Navajo language immersion schools on the Navajo Nation. Bringing together ethnomusicology, linguistic anthropology and Critical Indigenous Studies, I examine the parts of Navajo identity that are either publicly celebrated or hidden from view, and I interrogate what these categories of difference mean for those that utilize—or refuse them—today.Less
The conclusion reflects on how a politics of difference and belonging—and the idea of indigenous social authenticity more broadly—is negotiated by Diné citizens. Focusing on the language fluency controversy in the most recent Navajo Presidential election with Presidential Candidate Christopher C. Deschene, I address what the stakes might be in reifying social difference through the lenses of linguistic knowledge and performance, place of residence, musical taste, and phenotype. I then examine language use and vitality in Navajo language immersion schools on the Navajo Nation. Bringing together ethnomusicology, linguistic anthropology and Critical Indigenous Studies, I examine the parts of Navajo identity that are either publicly celebrated or hidden from view, and I interrogate what these categories of difference mean for those that utilize—or refuse them—today.
Mishuana Goeman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816677900
- eISBN:
- 9781452948218
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816677900.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
In the Introduction I lay out the groundwork for gendered spatial violence and the concept of (re)mapping that I use throughout the book.
In the Introduction I lay out the groundwork for gendered spatial violence and the concept of (re)mapping that I use throughout the book.
Elizabeth Hoover
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781517903022
- eISBN:
- 9781452958880
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517903022.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
Elizabeth Hoover takes us deep into Akwesasne—an indigenous community in upstate New York—the remarkable community that partnered with scientists and developed grassroots programs to fight the ...
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Elizabeth Hoover takes us deep into Akwesasne—an indigenous community in upstate New York—the remarkable community that partnered with scientists and developed grassroots programs to fight the contamination of its lands and reclaim its health and culture. This moving book is essential reading for anyone interested in Native Americans, social justice, and the pollutants contaminating our food, water, and bodies.Less
Elizabeth Hoover takes us deep into Akwesasne—an indigenous community in upstate New York—the remarkable community that partnered with scientists and developed grassroots programs to fight the contamination of its lands and reclaim its health and culture. This moving book is essential reading for anyone interested in Native Americans, social justice, and the pollutants contaminating our food, water, and bodies.
Elizabeth Hoover
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781517903022
- eISBN:
- 9781452958880
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517903022.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
Chapter 1 lays out the history of this community in the context of a driving tour, using landmarks along the main thoroughfare to discuss relevant points in Akwesasne’s history to illustrate the ...
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Chapter 1 lays out the history of this community in the context of a driving tour, using landmarks along the main thoroughfare to discuss relevant points in Akwesasne’s history to illustrate the historico-political setting for community responses to the environmental contaminationLess
Chapter 1 lays out the history of this community in the context of a driving tour, using landmarks along the main thoroughfare to discuss relevant points in Akwesasne’s history to illustrate the historico-political setting for community responses to the environmental contamination
Elizabeth Hoover
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781517903022
- eISBN:
- 9781452958880
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517903022.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
The book’s conclusion highlights how Akwesasro:non suggestions for ways to improve environmental health research and health care can be framed through a model of three bodies: the individual, social, ...
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The book’s conclusion highlights how Akwesasro:non suggestions for ways to improve environmental health research and health care can be framed through a model of three bodies: the individual, social, and political bodies. This final chapter also explores how Mohawks have created a third space of sovereignty that addresses their health, cultural and research needs in the face of environmental contamination, through grassroots and tribal programsLess
The book’s conclusion highlights how Akwesasro:non suggestions for ways to improve environmental health research and health care can be framed through a model of three bodies: the individual, social, and political bodies. This final chapter also explores how Mohawks have created a third space of sovereignty that addresses their health, cultural and research needs in the face of environmental contamination, through grassroots and tribal programs
Elizabeth Hoover
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781517903022
- eISBN:
- 9781452958880
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517903022.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
Prior to the discovery of contamination in the river, Akwesasne relied on fishing and farming to sustain food needs and the local economy. The fourth chapter focuses on changes in food culture in ...
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Prior to the discovery of contamination in the river, Akwesasne relied on fishing and farming to sustain food needs and the local economy. The fourth chapter focuses on changes in food culture in Akwesasne and the direct and collateral ways that people connect this, and the ensuing health complications, to the environmental contamination and other factorsLess
Prior to the discovery of contamination in the river, Akwesasne relied on fishing and farming to sustain food needs and the local economy. The fourth chapter focuses on changes in food culture in Akwesasne and the direct and collateral ways that people connect this, and the ensuing health complications, to the environmental contamination and other factors
Elizabeth Hoover
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781517903022
- eISBN:
- 9781452958880
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517903022.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
The fifth chapter explores the ways in which Akwesasne community members conceptualize the environmental, social, and physiological origins of diabetes, placing the blame not just on individual ...
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The fifth chapter explores the ways in which Akwesasne community members conceptualize the environmental, social, and physiological origins of diabetes, placing the blame not just on individual non-compliant bodies, but rather weaving a more complex etiology that indicates connections between PCBs and diabetesLess
The fifth chapter explores the ways in which Akwesasne community members conceptualize the environmental, social, and physiological origins of diabetes, placing the blame not just on individual non-compliant bodies, but rather weaving a more complex etiology that indicates connections between PCBs and diabetes
Steven Salaita
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781517901417
- eISBN:
- 9781452955292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517901417.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
The conclusion of Inter/Nationalism discusses a suite of board games that reproduces settler colonization. Using two games released by the German company Catan, where the gamer conquers and settles ...
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The conclusion of Inter/Nationalism discusses a suite of board games that reproduces settler colonization. Using two games released by the German company Catan, where the gamer conquers and settles an already occupied land, the author suggests that it reinforces a sense of belonging on a native land without the fuss of guilt or self-reflection. Real histories can be subsumed by their own legendary effects on modernity, but their disappearance into the settler’s overactive imagination is never complete.Less
The conclusion of Inter/Nationalism discusses a suite of board games that reproduces settler colonization. Using two games released by the German company Catan, where the gamer conquers and settles an already occupied land, the author suggests that it reinforces a sense of belonging on a native land without the fuss of guilt or self-reflection. Real histories can be subsumed by their own legendary effects on modernity, but their disappearance into the settler’s overactive imagination is never complete.
Elizabeth Hoover
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781517903022
- eISBN:
- 9781452958880
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517903022.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
Drawing from interviews, archival materials, public meeting minutes, and newspaper clippings, the second chapter documents the history of the discovery of, and efforts to remediate environmental ...
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Drawing from interviews, archival materials, public meeting minutes, and newspaper clippings, the second chapter documents the history of the discovery of, and efforts to remediate environmental contamination, as well as the work that went into establishing community based environmental health research at AkwesasneLess
Drawing from interviews, archival materials, public meeting minutes, and newspaper clippings, the second chapter documents the history of the discovery of, and efforts to remediate environmental contamination, as well as the work that went into establishing community based environmental health research at Akwesasne