Dustin Tahmahkera
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781469618685
- eISBN:
- 9781469618708
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469618685.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
This chapter explains Richard Nixon's message to the U.S. Congress on Indian affairs that led to the passing of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975, which assures ...
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This chapter explains Richard Nixon's message to the U.S. Congress on Indian affairs that led to the passing of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975, which assures maximum Indian participation in education and other Federal services. Sitcoms airing during this era of self-determination signaled a shift in representations of Indians. Compared to sitcoms from the 1950s and 1960s that portrayed Indians as wild savages, the 1970s represented them as physically nonviolent and visually and audibly modern.Less
This chapter explains Richard Nixon's message to the U.S. Congress on Indian affairs that led to the passing of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975, which assures maximum Indian participation in education and other Federal services. Sitcoms airing during this era of self-determination signaled a shift in representations of Indians. Compared to sitcoms from the 1950s and 1960s that portrayed Indians as wild savages, the 1970s represented them as physically nonviolent and visually and audibly modern.
James Robert Allison
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300206692
- eISBN:
- 9780300216219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300206692.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
The Introduction lays out the book’s central claim that, in the 1970s, energy tribes expanded their capacity to govern reservation resources and thus secured a belated recognition of their legal ...
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The Introduction lays out the book’s central claim that, in the 1970s, energy tribes expanded their capacity to govern reservation resources and thus secured a belated recognition of their legal authority to develop these assets. After first describing the antiquated legal structure that prevented tribes from controlling reservation development, the introduction highlights the transformative role the Northern Cheyenne played in halting mining projects threatening its community. This tribe also spearheaded a national movement to prepare similarly situated tribes to control energy development and to demand changes in federal law that recognized tribal sovereignty over reservation resources. The Introduction situates this story of expanding tribal sovereignty within American Indian historiography on the Indian self-determination policy, but shows how it provides a surprisingly missing explanation for how tribes reclaimed control over their resources. In addition, this work contributes to the literature in energy and environmental history by demonstrating how local actions to shape development emanated out to affect global resource flows and the national legal structures governing those resources.Less
The Introduction lays out the book’s central claim that, in the 1970s, energy tribes expanded their capacity to govern reservation resources and thus secured a belated recognition of their legal authority to develop these assets. After first describing the antiquated legal structure that prevented tribes from controlling reservation development, the introduction highlights the transformative role the Northern Cheyenne played in halting mining projects threatening its community. This tribe also spearheaded a national movement to prepare similarly situated tribes to control energy development and to demand changes in federal law that recognized tribal sovereignty over reservation resources. The Introduction situates this story of expanding tribal sovereignty within American Indian historiography on the Indian self-determination policy, but shows how it provides a surprisingly missing explanation for how tribes reclaimed control over their resources. In addition, this work contributes to the literature in energy and environmental history by demonstrating how local actions to shape development emanated out to affect global resource flows and the national legal structures governing those resources.
James Robert Allison III
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300206692
- eISBN:
- 9780300216219
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300206692.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
This book shows how American Indians fulfilled the promise of Indian self-determination by reclaiming control over reservation resources. During America’s 1970s quest for energy independence, tribes ...
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This book shows how American Indians fulfilled the promise of Indian self-determination by reclaiming control over reservation resources. During America’s 1970s quest for energy independence, tribes possessing valuable minerals resisted massive mining projects threatening their indigenous communities. They also launched a national campaign to improve their tribal governments’ capacity to manage reservation land. Working with federal agencies tasked with increasing domestic energy production, these groups created the Council of Energy Resource Tribes to educate tribal leaders and broker deals that could provide energy to the nation and revenue for the tribes. Unfortunately, an antiquated legal structure hindered tribal efforts at development. Progressive-Era laws embedded with notions of Indian inferiority – namely, the 1938 Indian Mineral Leasing Act – denied tribes the right to control reservation mining, placing this authority instead with unprepared federal agents. By the early 1980s, however, increasingly sophisticated tribes demanded the legal authority to match their newfound capacity. Working with industry representatives, federal officials, and members of Congress, energy tribes thus constructed a new legal regime – anchored by the 1982 Indian Mineral Development Act – that recognized tribal, not federal, control over reservation development. But importantly, these efforts to restructure federal law also reshaped Indian Country. As tribes altered their governments to better manage resources, intense internal debates erupted over whether these new forms of governance were culturally “authentic.” In the end, efforts to increase tribal capacity and secure legal authority over reservation resources produced both expanded sovereignty and deeply divided communities.Less
This book shows how American Indians fulfilled the promise of Indian self-determination by reclaiming control over reservation resources. During America’s 1970s quest for energy independence, tribes possessing valuable minerals resisted massive mining projects threatening their indigenous communities. They also launched a national campaign to improve their tribal governments’ capacity to manage reservation land. Working with federal agencies tasked with increasing domestic energy production, these groups created the Council of Energy Resource Tribes to educate tribal leaders and broker deals that could provide energy to the nation and revenue for the tribes. Unfortunately, an antiquated legal structure hindered tribal efforts at development. Progressive-Era laws embedded with notions of Indian inferiority – namely, the 1938 Indian Mineral Leasing Act – denied tribes the right to control reservation mining, placing this authority instead with unprepared federal agents. By the early 1980s, however, increasingly sophisticated tribes demanded the legal authority to match their newfound capacity. Working with industry representatives, federal officials, and members of Congress, energy tribes thus constructed a new legal regime – anchored by the 1982 Indian Mineral Development Act – that recognized tribal, not federal, control over reservation development. But importantly, these efforts to restructure federal law also reshaped Indian Country. As tribes altered their governments to better manage resources, intense internal debates erupted over whether these new forms of governance were culturally “authentic.” In the end, efforts to increase tribal capacity and secure legal authority over reservation resources produced both expanded sovereignty and deeply divided communities.
Denise E. Bates and John David Smith (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780813062631
- eISBN:
- 9780813051727
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813062631.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
The introduction of this collection situates the contributing essays, interviews, and speeches within the existing and sparse literature on modern Native people of the southeast. It draws attention ...
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The introduction of this collection situates the contributing essays, interviews, and speeches within the existing and sparse literature on modern Native people of the southeast. It draws attention to the political, economic and social strides that Indian communities have made in the face of severe challenges at both the local and national levels—ones that primarily focus on Indian Self-Determination, leadership, and tribal organization. It also sets the stage for understanding the entries that comprise this collection as contributors share their own experiences, observations frustrations and aspirations as southern Indian people.Less
The introduction of this collection situates the contributing essays, interviews, and speeches within the existing and sparse literature on modern Native people of the southeast. It draws attention to the political, economic and social strides that Indian communities have made in the face of severe challenges at both the local and national levels—ones that primarily focus on Indian Self-Determination, leadership, and tribal organization. It also sets the stage for understanding the entries that comprise this collection as contributors share their own experiences, observations frustrations and aspirations as southern Indian people.
