GORDON F. McEWAN
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197265031
- eISBN:
- 9780191754142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265031.003.0010
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, American History: pre-Columbian BCE to 500CE
Linguistic studies have shown that the traditional idea that the expansion of the Inca Empire was the driving force behind the spread of all Quechua cannot be correct. Across much of its ...
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Linguistic studies have shown that the traditional idea that the expansion of the Inca Empire was the driving force behind the spread of all Quechua cannot be correct. Across much of its distribution, Quechua has far greater time-depth than can be accounted for by the short-lived Inca Empire. Linguistics likewise suggests that Aymara spread not from the south into Cuzco in the late Pre-Inca period, but also from an origin to the north. Alternative explanations must be sought for the expansion of these language families in the culture history of the Andes. Archaeological studies over the past two decades now provide a broad, generally agreed-upon outline of the cultural history of the Cuzco region. This chapter applies those findings to examine alternative possibilities for the driving forces that spread Quechua and Aymara, offering a clearer cross-disciplinary view of Andean prehistory.Less
Linguistic studies have shown that the traditional idea that the expansion of the Inca Empire was the driving force behind the spread of all Quechua cannot be correct. Across much of its distribution, Quechua has far greater time-depth than can be accounted for by the short-lived Inca Empire. Linguistics likewise suggests that Aymara spread not from the south into Cuzco in the late Pre-Inca period, but also from an origin to the north. Alternative explanations must be sought for the expansion of these language families in the culture history of the Andes. Archaeological studies over the past two decades now provide a broad, generally agreed-upon outline of the cultural history of the Cuzco region. This chapter applies those findings to examine alternative possibilities for the driving forces that spread Quechua and Aymara, offering a clearer cross-disciplinary view of Andean prehistory.
Tamara L. Bray
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813033068
- eISBN:
- 9780813038575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813033068.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This chapter addresses the distribution of the aríbalos, a jar used to serve corn chicha, throughout the Inca Empire. While the form was standardized, variation in the size, design, and ...
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This chapter addresses the distribution of the aríbalos, a jar used to serve corn chicha, throughout the Inca Empire. While the form was standardized, variation in the size, design, and archaeological context of aríbalos speaks to the role of drinking in the Inca political economy. In particular, it concentrates on the functional, contextual, and iconographic significance of this vessel. In addition, a comparative study of the distribution of aríbalos from different sectors of Tawantinsuyu is given. In it, vessel size, frequencies, and contexts of finds are considered for the purpose of investigating how chicha figured in the imperial agenda through time and across space. The differential distribution of various sizes and styles of Inca aríbalos indicates that the state did not have a one-size-fits-all policy with regard to the circulation and presentation of chicha. Furthermore, valuable new insights are presented into the dimensional standardization of this vessel form.Less
This chapter addresses the distribution of the aríbalos, a jar used to serve corn chicha, throughout the Inca Empire. While the form was standardized, variation in the size, design, and archaeological context of aríbalos speaks to the role of drinking in the Inca political economy. In particular, it concentrates on the functional, contextual, and iconographic significance of this vessel. In addition, a comparative study of the distribution of aríbalos from different sectors of Tawantinsuyu is given. In it, vessel size, frequencies, and contexts of finds are considered for the purpose of investigating how chicha figured in the imperial agenda through time and across space. The differential distribution of various sizes and styles of Inca aríbalos indicates that the state did not have a one-size-fits-all policy with regard to the circulation and presentation of chicha. Furthermore, valuable new insights are presented into the dimensional standardization of this vessel form.
R. Alan Covey
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190299125
- eISBN:
- 9780197508169
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190299125.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History, Military History
This book describes a period of several decades during the sixteenth century when conquistadores, Catholic friars, and imperial officials attempted to conquer the Inca Empire and impose Spanish ...
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This book describes a period of several decades during the sixteenth century when conquistadores, Catholic friars, and imperial officials attempted to conquer the Inca Empire and impose Spanish colonial rule. When Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca warlord Atahuallpa at Cajamarca in 1532, European Catholics and Andean peoples interpreted the event using long-held beliefs about how their worlds would end, and what the next era might look like. The Inca world did not end at Cajamarca, despite some popular misunderstandings of the Spanish conquest of Peru. In the years that followed, some Inca lords resisted Spanish rule, but many Andean nobles converted to Christianity and renegotiated their sovereign claims into privileges as Spanish subjects. Catholic empire took a lifetime to establish in the Inca world, and it required the repeated conquest of rebellious conquistadores, the reorganization of native populations, and the economic overhaul of diverse Andean landscapes. These disruptive processes of modern world-building carried forward old ideas about sovereignty, social change, and human progress. Although they are overshadowed by the Western philosophies and technologies that drive our world today, those apocalyptic relics remain with us to the present.Less
This book describes a period of several decades during the sixteenth century when conquistadores, Catholic friars, and imperial officials attempted to conquer the Inca Empire and impose Spanish colonial rule. When Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca warlord Atahuallpa at Cajamarca in 1532, European Catholics and Andean peoples interpreted the event using long-held beliefs about how their worlds would end, and what the next era might look like. The Inca world did not end at Cajamarca, despite some popular misunderstandings of the Spanish conquest of Peru. In the years that followed, some Inca lords resisted Spanish rule, but many Andean nobles converted to Christianity and renegotiated their sovereign claims into privileges as Spanish subjects. Catholic empire took a lifetime to establish in the Inca world, and it required the repeated conquest of rebellious conquistadores, the reorganization of native populations, and the economic overhaul of diverse Andean landscapes. These disruptive processes of modern world-building carried forward old ideas about sovereignty, social change, and human progress. Although they are overshadowed by the Western philosophies and technologies that drive our world today, those apocalyptic relics remain with us to the present.
Ryan Clasby and Jason Nesbitt (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780813066905
- eISBN:
- 9780813067131
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813066905.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
This volume brings together archaeologists working in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia to construct a new prehistory of the Upper Amazon, outlining cultural developments from the late third millennium B.C. ...
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This volume brings together archaeologists working in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia to construct a new prehistory of the Upper Amazon, outlining cultural developments from the late third millennium B.C. to the Inca Empire of the sixteenth century A.D. Encompassing the forested tropical slopes of the eastern Andes as well as Andean drainage systems that connect to the Amazon River basin, this vast region has been unevenly studied due to the restrictions of national borders, remote site locations, and limited interpretive models.
The Archaeology of the Upper Amazon unites and builds on recent field investigations that have found evidence of extensive interaction networks along the major rivers—Santiago, Marañon, Huallaga, and Ucayali. Chapters detail how these rivers facilitated the movement of people, resources, and ideas between the Andean highlands and the Amazonian lowlands. Contributors demonstrate that the Upper Amazon was not a peripheral zone but a locus for complex societal developments. Reaching across geographical, cultural, and political boundaries, this volume shows that the trajectory of Andean civilization cannot be fully understood without a nuanced perspective on the region’s diverse patterns of interaction with the Upper Amazon.Less
This volume brings together archaeologists working in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia to construct a new prehistory of the Upper Amazon, outlining cultural developments from the late third millennium B.C. to the Inca Empire of the sixteenth century A.D. Encompassing the forested tropical slopes of the eastern Andes as well as Andean drainage systems that connect to the Amazon River basin, this vast region has been unevenly studied due to the restrictions of national borders, remote site locations, and limited interpretive models.
The Archaeology of the Upper Amazon unites and builds on recent field investigations that have found evidence of extensive interaction networks along the major rivers—Santiago, Marañon, Huallaga, and Ucayali. Chapters detail how these rivers facilitated the movement of people, resources, and ideas between the Andean highlands and the Amazonian lowlands. Contributors demonstrate that the Upper Amazon was not a peripheral zone but a locus for complex societal developments. Reaching across geographical, cultural, and political boundaries, this volume shows that the trajectory of Andean civilization cannot be fully understood without a nuanced perspective on the region’s diverse patterns of interaction with the Upper Amazon.
Gary Urton (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780813066448
- eISBN:
- 9780813058658
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813066448.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
The Inca khipus—the principal record-keeping device used for administrative and narrative records in the Inca Empire—is usually thought of in terms of its display of signs (e.g., cord groups and ...
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The Inca khipus—the principal record-keeping device used for administrative and narrative records in the Inca Empire—is usually thought of in terms of its display of signs (e.g., cord groups and color differences denoting categories of objects; knot clusters signifying decimal values). In this chapter, however, it is argued that both in their materiality, which in a few cases includes iconography, and in the elaborate displays of khipus by the cord-keepers (the khipukamayuqs) during cord-reading performances, there were numerous symbolic elements at play as well. This description and analysis of signs and symbols in khipus and khipu-reading performances provides the setting for comments on the relationship between signs and symbols in pre-Columbian Andean art and material culture more generally.Less
The Inca khipus—the principal record-keeping device used for administrative and narrative records in the Inca Empire—is usually thought of in terms of its display of signs (e.g., cord groups and color differences denoting categories of objects; knot clusters signifying decimal values). In this chapter, however, it is argued that both in their materiality, which in a few cases includes iconography, and in the elaborate displays of khipus by the cord-keepers (the khipukamayuqs) during cord-reading performances, there were numerous symbolic elements at play as well. This description and analysis of signs and symbols in khipus and khipu-reading performances provides the setting for comments on the relationship between signs and symbols in pre-Columbian Andean art and material culture more generally.
Gregory Kalyniuk
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474439077
- eISBN:
- 9781474465151
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439077.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
In addressing the relation between Deleuze’s philosophy and anarchism, no discussion would be complete without considering Pierre Clastres’ ethnographic research on the stateless peoples of the ...
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In addressing the relation between Deleuze’s philosophy and anarchism, no discussion would be complete without considering Pierre Clastres’ ethnographic research on the stateless peoples of the Amazon basin, which forms a key source for the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia. This chapter focuses on Clastres’ analysis of political power in primitive societies—particularly its regulation through collective levelling mechanisms which avert social division by means of a systematic dispersal of power.Less
In addressing the relation between Deleuze’s philosophy and anarchism, no discussion would be complete without considering Pierre Clastres’ ethnographic research on the stateless peoples of the Amazon basin, which forms a key source for the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia. This chapter focuses on Clastres’ analysis of political power in primitive societies—particularly its regulation through collective levelling mechanisms which avert social division by means of a systematic dispersal of power.
