Georgia Levenson Keohane
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231178020
- eISBN:
- 9780231541664
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231178020.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility
Despite social and economic advances around the world, poverty and disease persist, exacerbated by the mounting challenges of climate change, natural disasters, political conflict, mass migration, ...
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Despite social and economic advances around the world, poverty and disease persist, exacerbated by the mounting challenges of climate change, natural disasters, political conflict, mass migration, and economic inequality. While governments commit to addressing these challenges, traditional public and philanthropic dollars are not enough. Here, innovative finance has shown a way forward: by borrowing techniques from the world of finance, we can raise capital for social investments today. Innovative finance has provided polio vaccines to children in the DRC, crop insurance to farmers in India, pay-as-you-go solar electricity to Kenyans, and affordable housing and transportation to New Yorkers. It has helped governmental, commercial, and philanthropic resources meet the needs of the poor and underserved and build a more sustainable and inclusive prosperity.
Capital and the Common Good shows how market failure in one context can be solved with market solutions from another: an expert in securitization bundles future development aid into bonds to pay for vaccines today; an entrepreneur turns a mobile phone into an array of financial services for the unbanked; and policy makers adapt pay-for-success models from the world of infrastructure to human services like early childhood education, maternal health, and job training. Revisiting the successes and missteps of these efforts, Georgia Levenson Keohane argues that innovative finance is as much about incentives and sound decision-making as it is about money. When it works, innovative finance gives us the tools, motivation, and security to invest in our shared future.Less
Despite social and economic advances around the world, poverty and disease persist, exacerbated by the mounting challenges of climate change, natural disasters, political conflict, mass migration, and economic inequality. While governments commit to addressing these challenges, traditional public and philanthropic dollars are not enough. Here, innovative finance has shown a way forward: by borrowing techniques from the world of finance, we can raise capital for social investments today. Innovative finance has provided polio vaccines to children in the DRC, crop insurance to farmers in India, pay-as-you-go solar electricity to Kenyans, and affordable housing and transportation to New Yorkers. It has helped governmental, commercial, and philanthropic resources meet the needs of the poor and underserved and build a more sustainable and inclusive prosperity.
Capital and the Common Good shows how market failure in one context can be solved with market solutions from another: an expert in securitization bundles future development aid into bonds to pay for vaccines today; an entrepreneur turns a mobile phone into an array of financial services for the unbanked; and policy makers adapt pay-for-success models from the world of infrastructure to human services like early childhood education, maternal health, and job training. Revisiting the successes and missteps of these efforts, Georgia Levenson Keohane argues that innovative finance is as much about incentives and sound decision-making as it is about money. When it works, innovative finance gives us the tools, motivation, and security to invest in our shared future.
Robert J. Dobias and Kirk Talbott
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195125788
- eISBN:
- 9780199832927
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195125789.003.0017
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter discusses the environmental and social consideration in the development of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) road network. The authors offer ideas for improving the balance between road ...
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This chapter discusses the environmental and social consideration in the development of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) road network. The authors offer ideas for improving the balance between road development and socioenvironmental prioritiesLess
This chapter discusses the environmental and social consideration in the development of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) road network. The authors offer ideas for improving the balance between road development and socioenvironmental priorities
Tina Haux
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447324089
- eISBN:
- 9781447327974
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447324089.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
Academics are increasingly required to demonstrate their impact on the wider world. The aim of this book is to compare and contextualise the dimensions of impact within the social sciences. Unlike ...
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Academics are increasingly required to demonstrate their impact on the wider world. The aim of this book is to compare and contextualise the dimensions of impact within the social sciences. Unlike most other studies of the 2014 Research Excellence Framework impact case studies, this book includes case studies from three different sub-panels (Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work and Politics and International Relations), which in themselves capture several disciplines, and therefore allows for a comparison of how impact and academic identify are defined and presented. The impact case studies are placed in an analytical framework that identifies different types of impact and impact pathways and places them in the context of policy models. Finally, it provides a comparison across time based on interviews with Social Policy professors who are looking back over 40 years of being involved as well as analysing the relationship between research and policy-making. This long view highlights successes but also the serendipitous and superficial nature of impact across time.Less
Academics are increasingly required to demonstrate their impact on the wider world. The aim of this book is to compare and contextualise the dimensions of impact within the social sciences. Unlike most other studies of the 2014 Research Excellence Framework impact case studies, this book includes case studies from three different sub-panels (Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work and Politics and International Relations), which in themselves capture several disciplines, and therefore allows for a comparison of how impact and academic identify are defined and presented. The impact case studies are placed in an analytical framework that identifies different types of impact and impact pathways and places them in the context of policy models. Finally, it provides a comparison across time based on interviews with Social Policy professors who are looking back over 40 years of being involved as well as analysing the relationship between research and policy-making. This long view highlights successes but also the serendipitous and superficial nature of impact across time.
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and Ashfaq Khalfan
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199276707
- eISBN:
- 9780191699900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276707.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter discusses several observations which are made with regard to the case studies of integrated instruments canvassed already in previous chapters. In the first case study, Sustainability ...
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This chapter discusses several observations which are made with regard to the case studies of integrated instruments canvassed already in previous chapters. In the first case study, Sustainability Impact Assessment procedures provide an example of an integrated sustainable development legal tool which emerged from the environmental law field, and can be applied both internationally and at the domestic levels. In the second case study, several Regional Integration Agreements are surveyed. It is found that each accord uses different strategies to address environmental concerns through their links to economic integration arrangements. Finally, the third case study focuses on the role of human rights law in sustainable development law. It demonstrates the utility of cross-fertilization between human rights, and economic and environmental regimes, and shows how social, economic, and cultural rights enshrined in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are relevant and can strengthen international treaties relating to the environment and the economy.Less
This chapter discusses several observations which are made with regard to the case studies of integrated instruments canvassed already in previous chapters. In the first case study, Sustainability Impact Assessment procedures provide an example of an integrated sustainable development legal tool which emerged from the environmental law field, and can be applied both internationally and at the domestic levels. In the second case study, several Regional Integration Agreements are surveyed. It is found that each accord uses different strategies to address environmental concerns through their links to economic integration arrangements. Finally, the third case study focuses on the role of human rights law in sustainable development law. It demonstrates the utility of cross-fertilization between human rights, and economic and environmental regimes, and shows how social, economic, and cultural rights enshrined in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are relevant and can strengthen international treaties relating to the environment and the economy.
Albert C. Goodyear and Christopher R. Moore (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781683400349
- eISBN:
- 9781683401001
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683400349.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
This book is a collection of articles written by established researchers on the early prehistory of the Coastal Plain of the Southeastern U.S. The Coastal Plain is considered both geographically, as ...
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This book is a collection of articles written by established researchers on the early prehistory of the Coastal Plain of the Southeastern U.S. The Coastal Plain is considered both geographically, as it extends from Virginia to Alabama, and chronologically, over potentially the last 50,000 years. Topics considered are the Pre-Clovis at Topper, Capps, and Vero Site; the potential for inundated early sites on the shelf; the mapping and petrography of Coastal Plain chert sources; the Paleoindians on the South Carolina Coastal Plain; the Younger Dryas and the Cosmic Impact Hypothesis; site burial and Coastal Plain sedimentary processes; the Early Archaic period with different scales of spatial analysis; the broader view of the Southeastern Atlantic Slope as it has been researched over the past forty years; and the long view of early human ecology and migrations from North America and the Old World.Less
This book is a collection of articles written by established researchers on the early prehistory of the Coastal Plain of the Southeastern U.S. The Coastal Plain is considered both geographically, as it extends from Virginia to Alabama, and chronologically, over potentially the last 50,000 years. Topics considered are the Pre-Clovis at Topper, Capps, and Vero Site; the potential for inundated early sites on the shelf; the mapping and petrography of Coastal Plain chert sources; the Paleoindians on the South Carolina Coastal Plain; the Younger Dryas and the Cosmic Impact Hypothesis; site burial and Coastal Plain sedimentary processes; the Early Archaic period with different scales of spatial analysis; the broader view of the Southeastern Atlantic Slope as it has been researched over the past forty years; and the long view of early human ecology and migrations from North America and the Old World.
Kevin Albertson, Chris Fox, Chris O'Leary, and Gary Painter
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447340706
- eISBN:
- 9781447340744
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447340706.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
Over recent years there has been increasing interest in ‘Payment by Results’ (PbR) — Pay for Success (PFS) or outcomes-based funding in the US — as a model for outcomes-based commissioning in the ...
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Over recent years there has been increasing interest in ‘Payment by Results’ (PbR) — Pay for Success (PFS) or outcomes-based funding in the US — as a model for outcomes-based commissioning in the public sector. Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) — Pay for Success financing in the US — are a class of PbR where the finance needed to make the contract work is provided by private finance, rather than the service provider. This short book asks whether and under what circumstances PbR/PFS and SIBs/PSBs are an efficient way to unlock new capital investment and advance social goods. It considers whether PbR/PFS and SIBs/Pay for Success financing drive efficiency and innovation in the delivery of social outcomes, and whether attempts to reconcile corporate profits and social goods may lead to perverse incentives and inefficiency. It also analyses the impact of PbR and SIBs on not-for-profit and smaller players in the market for social outcomes.Less
Over recent years there has been increasing interest in ‘Payment by Results’ (PbR) — Pay for Success (PFS) or outcomes-based funding in the US — as a model for outcomes-based commissioning in the public sector. Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) — Pay for Success financing in the US — are a class of PbR where the finance needed to make the contract work is provided by private finance, rather than the service provider. This short book asks whether and under what circumstances PbR/PFS and SIBs/PSBs are an efficient way to unlock new capital investment and advance social goods. It considers whether PbR/PFS and SIBs/Pay for Success financing drive efficiency and innovation in the delivery of social outcomes, and whether attempts to reconcile corporate profits and social goods may lead to perverse incentives and inefficiency. It also analyses the impact of PbR and SIBs on not-for-profit and smaller players in the market for social outcomes.
Randy Ross
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262034654
- eISBN:
- 9780262336871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034654.003.0018
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
Community Networking -- The Native American Telecommunications Continuum Computer mediated communications -- has evolved exponentially each decade since the mid-1980’s. Pre-Internet exploration in ...
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Community Networking -- The Native American Telecommunications Continuum Computer mediated communications -- has evolved exponentially each decade since the mid-1980’s. Pre-Internet exploration in the era of FidoNet and supported by dial-up modem equipment running over x.25 exchange switching does not seem possible to have existed at all. With three decades of change to reflect upon, questions remain today about whether the impact of technology and telecommunications has advanced tribal nationhood.Less
Community Networking -- The Native American Telecommunications Continuum Computer mediated communications -- has evolved exponentially each decade since the mid-1980’s. Pre-Internet exploration in the era of FidoNet and supported by dial-up modem equipment running over x.25 exchange switching does not seem possible to have existed at all. With three decades of change to reflect upon, questions remain today about whether the impact of technology and telecommunications has advanced tribal nationhood.
Monica O'Mullane
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719091933
- eISBN:
- 9781781708446
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091933.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a policy-support instrument and approach that seeks to assess the health impacts of projects, programmes and policies on population health. It has been endorsed at ...
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Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a policy-support instrument and approach that seeks to assess the health impacts of projects, programmes and policies on population health. It has been endorsed at national policy levels in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland since the early 2000s. This book examines how and why Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) conducted in both jurisdictions have informed policy development. The book explores how HIA knowledge and evidence was used, or not used, in the development of local policies. This text is based on original explorative research involving a qualitative longitudinal study, investigating four HIAs conducted in both jurisdictions on the island of Ireland. An original conceptual lens was used in the analysis for this exploration, drawing primarily from political science. The four HIAs were conducted on traffic and transport, Traveller accommodation, urban redevelopment and air quality. The conduct of HIAs in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland is set within the context of the health and local government systems, and the reform processes both systems are going through. The impact of these reform programmes on the development of intersectoral action for health, and on the progress of HIA in particular, is explored within the text. This conceptually-grounded guide draws from the disciplines of the political and social sciences and public health, and will appeal to academics, students and practitioners in these fields as well as policy-makers and planners at local and national government levels.Less
Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a policy-support instrument and approach that seeks to assess the health impacts of projects, programmes and policies on population health. It has been endorsed at national policy levels in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland since the early 2000s. This book examines how and why Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) conducted in both jurisdictions have informed policy development. The book explores how HIA knowledge and evidence was used, or not used, in the development of local policies. This text is based on original explorative research involving a qualitative longitudinal study, investigating four HIAs conducted in both jurisdictions on the island of Ireland. An original conceptual lens was used in the analysis for this exploration, drawing primarily from political science. The four HIAs were conducted on traffic and transport, Traveller accommodation, urban redevelopment and air quality. The conduct of HIAs in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland is set within the context of the health and local government systems, and the reform processes both systems are going through. The impact of these reform programmes on the development of intersectoral action for health, and on the progress of HIA in particular, is explored within the text. This conceptually-grounded guide draws from the disciplines of the political and social sciences and public health, and will appeal to academics, students and practitioners in these fields as well as policy-makers and planners at local and national government levels.
Yossi Sheffi
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029797
- eISBN:
- 9780262330626
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029797.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter offers a quick tour of the many kinds of disruptions confronting today’s companies. The chapter introduces the two-dimensional impact-and-likelihood framework that is often used to ...
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This chapter offers a quick tour of the many kinds of disruptions confronting today’s companies. The chapter introduces the two-dimensional impact-and-likelihood framework that is often used to categorize and prioritize risks. The chapter introduces a third dimension—detection—to frame the differences between disruptions that can be forecast to happen in the future (e.g., a hurricane) and disruptions that may not be detected until long after the fact (e.g., a serious product defect). The chapter offers ways to think about what is known and what is not known about disruptions, and what kinds of knowledge might be important.Less
This chapter offers a quick tour of the many kinds of disruptions confronting today’s companies. The chapter introduces the two-dimensional impact-and-likelihood framework that is often used to categorize and prioritize risks. The chapter introduces a third dimension—detection—to frame the differences between disruptions that can be forecast to happen in the future (e.g., a hurricane) and disruptions that may not be detected until long after the fact (e.g., a serious product defect). The chapter offers ways to think about what is known and what is not known about disruptions, and what kinds of knowledge might be important.
Yossi Sheffi
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029797
- eISBN:
- 9780262330626
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029797.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
The 2011 Japanese quake affected many companies and illustrates the growing problem with deep-tier supply chain disruptions in which the suppliers of suppliers are affected. Chapter 3 examines GM’s ...
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The 2011 Japanese quake affected many companies and illustrates the growing problem with deep-tier supply chain disruptions in which the suppliers of suppliers are affected. Chapter 3 examines GM’s handling of the Japan crisis and the management of what GM calls “white-space”—the gap in parts supply left between pre-disruption inventories in the supply chain and the post-recovery refilling of the chain. The white-space conceptual framework allows companies to estimate a value-at-risk from various types of disruptions and to prioritize prevention and preparation initiatives.Less
The 2011 Japanese quake affected many companies and illustrates the growing problem with deep-tier supply chain disruptions in which the suppliers of suppliers are affected. Chapter 3 examines GM’s handling of the Japan crisis and the management of what GM calls “white-space”—the gap in parts supply left between pre-disruption inventories in the supply chain and the post-recovery refilling of the chain. The white-space conceptual framework allows companies to estimate a value-at-risk from various types of disruptions and to prioritize prevention and preparation initiatives.
Charles R. Shrader
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813165752
- eISBN:
- 9780813165950
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813165752.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, Military History
In Chapter 15, the author summarizes the findings of the study and discusses the overall impact of logistical considerations on the strategic and operational decisions and outcomes of the First ...
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In Chapter 15, the author summarizes the findings of the study and discusses the overall impact of logistical considerations on the strategic and operational decisions and outcomes of the First Indochina War. Special emphasis is given to the effective adaptation of the Viet Minh logistical system to the climate, terrain, and operational requirements of the war and the deleterious impact of heavy mechanization of the French Union forces.Less
In Chapter 15, the author summarizes the findings of the study and discusses the overall impact of logistical considerations on the strategic and operational decisions and outcomes of the First Indochina War. Special emphasis is given to the effective adaptation of the Viet Minh logistical system to the climate, terrain, and operational requirements of the war and the deleterious impact of heavy mechanization of the French Union forces.
Tina Haux
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447324089
- eISBN:
- 9781447327974
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447324089.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
The chapter sets out briefly the rise of the importance of impact and the difficulty in capturing, evaluating and attributing impact of academic work before locating the work within existing ...
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The chapter sets out briefly the rise of the importance of impact and the difficulty in capturing, evaluating and attributing impact of academic work before locating the work within existing literature. The emphasis of this book is on capturing and understanding of impact in terms of nature scale and reach.Less
The chapter sets out briefly the rise of the importance of impact and the difficulty in capturing, evaluating and attributing impact of academic work before locating the work within existing literature. The emphasis of this book is on capturing and understanding of impact in terms of nature scale and reach.
Nicole Hassoun
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- July 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197514993
- eISBN:
- 9780197515020
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197514993.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
Every year 9 million people are diagnosed with tuberculosis, every day more than 13,400 people are infected with AIDs, every 30 seconds malaria kills a child. Many people suffer and die young because ...
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Every year 9 million people are diagnosed with tuberculosis, every day more than 13,400 people are infected with AIDs, every 30 seconds malaria kills a child. Many people suffer and die young because they cannot access essential medicines. This book argues that people have a right to access these medicines and proposes some new Global Health Impact labeling, investment, and licensing strategies that encourage pharmaceutical companies to improve global health (global-health-impact.org/new). The idea is to rate these companies based on their medicines’ impacts. Highly rated companies will get a Global Health Impact label to use on their products. Socially responsible investment companies and universities might also take the ratings into account in making investment or licensing decisions. After arguing that people do have a right to access essential medicines, this book explores this proposal, its philosophical justification, and its prospects for success.Less
Every year 9 million people are diagnosed with tuberculosis, every day more than 13,400 people are infected with AIDs, every 30 seconds malaria kills a child. Many people suffer and die young because they cannot access essential medicines. This book argues that people have a right to access these medicines and proposes some new Global Health Impact labeling, investment, and licensing strategies that encourage pharmaceutical companies to improve global health (global-health-impact.org/new). The idea is to rate these companies based on their medicines’ impacts. Highly rated companies will get a Global Health Impact label to use on their products. Socially responsible investment companies and universities might also take the ratings into account in making investment or licensing decisions. After arguing that people do have a right to access essential medicines, this book explores this proposal, its philosophical justification, and its prospects for success.
Kristin Shrader-Frechette
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199794638
- eISBN:
- 9780199919277
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794638.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Chapter 1 begins by stressing the severity of climate change (CC) and showing how, contrary to popular belief, atomic energy is not a viable solution to ...
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Chapter 1 begins by stressing the severity of climate change (CC) and showing how, contrary to popular belief, atomic energy is not a viable solution to CC. Many scientists and most market proponents agree that renewable energy and energy efficiencies are better options. The chapter also shows that government subsidies for oil and nuclear power are the result of flawed science, poor ethics, short-term thinking, and special-interest influence. The chapter has 7 sections, the first of which surveys four major components of the energy crisis. These are oil addiction, non-CC-related deaths from fossil-fuel pollution, nuclear-weapons proliferation, and catastrophic CC. The second section summarizes some of the powerful evidence for global CC. The third section uses historical, ahistorical, Rawlsian, and utilitarian ethical principles to show how developed nations, especially the US, are most responsible for human-caused CC. The fourth section shows why climate-change skeptics, such as “deniers” who doubt CC is real, and “delayers” who say that it should not yet be addressed, have no valid objections. Instead, they all err scientifically and ethically. The fifth section illustrates that all modern scientific methods—and scientific consensus since at least 1995—confirm the reality of global CC. Essentially all expert-scientific analyses published in refereed, scientific-professional journals confirm the reality of global CC. The sixth section of the chapter shows how fossil-fuel special interests have contributed to the continued CC debate largely by paying non-experts to deny or challenge CC. The seventh section of the chapter provides an outline of each chapter in the book, noting that this book makes use of both scientific and ethical analyses to show why nuclear proponents’ arguments err, why CC deniers are wrong, and how scientific-methodological understanding can advance sound energy policy—including conservation, renewable energy, and energy efficiencies.Less
Chapter 1 begins by stressing the severity of climate change (CC) and showing how, contrary to popular belief, atomic energy is not a viable solution to CC. Many scientists and most market proponents agree that renewable energy and energy efficiencies are better options. The chapter also shows that government subsidies for oil and nuclear power are the result of flawed science, poor ethics, short-term thinking, and special-interest influence. The chapter has 7 sections, the first of which surveys four major components of the energy crisis. These are oil addiction, non-CC-related deaths from fossil-fuel pollution, nuclear-weapons proliferation, and catastrophic CC. The second section summarizes some of the powerful evidence for global CC. The third section uses historical, ahistorical, Rawlsian, and utilitarian ethical principles to show how developed nations, especially the US, are most responsible for human-caused CC. The fourth section shows why climate-change skeptics, such as “deniers” who doubt CC is real, and “delayers” who say that it should not yet be addressed, have no valid objections. Instead, they all err scientifically and ethically. The fifth section illustrates that all modern scientific methods—and scientific consensus since at least 1995—confirm the reality of global CC. Essentially all expert-scientific analyses published in refereed, scientific-professional journals confirm the reality of global CC. The sixth section of the chapter shows how fossil-fuel special interests have contributed to the continued CC debate largely by paying non-experts to deny or challenge CC. The seventh section of the chapter provides an outline of each chapter in the book, noting that this book makes use of both scientific and ethical analyses to show why nuclear proponents’ arguments err, why CC deniers are wrong, and how scientific-methodological understanding can advance sound energy policy—including conservation, renewable energy, and energy efficiencies.
John Kemm, Jayne Parry, and Stephen Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198526292
- eISBN:
- 9780191723889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526292.003.0031
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes a piece of work undertaken by the Health Impact Assessment Research Unit (HIARU) based in the Department of Public Health & Epidemiology at the University of Birmingham in ...
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This chapter describes a piece of work undertaken by the Health Impact Assessment Research Unit (HIARU) based in the Department of Public Health & Epidemiology at the University of Birmingham in England. It describes the key elements of the national policy to be assessed, outlines the various impact areas that were identified, reflects on the rationale underpinning the conduct of the assessment, and considers the implications that this had for the selection of methods for assessment and the dissemination of findings.Less
This chapter describes a piece of work undertaken by the Health Impact Assessment Research Unit (HIARU) based in the Department of Public Health & Epidemiology at the University of Birmingham in England. It describes the key elements of the national policy to be assessed, outlines the various impact areas that were identified, reflects on the rationale underpinning the conduct of the assessment, and considers the implications that this had for the selection of methods for assessment and the dissemination of findings.
Caroline Shore and Fred Powell
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447350705
- eISBN:
- 9781447350965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447350705.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Irish child abuse inquiries of the last few decades have been hugely significant in revealing the tragic circumstances under which some children lived and died. The main focus here is on what these ...
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Irish child abuse inquiries of the last few decades have been hugely significant in revealing the tragic circumstances under which some children lived and died. The main focus here is on what these inquiries reveal about errors and mistakes in child protection and the changing relations between a number of key institutions, particularly the Catholic Church, the state and the media, not on what they reveal about abuse. Through the ‘lens’ of the child abuse inquiry the chapter considers a number of issues, including: the exposure of historic child abuse of children in Irish society, the emergence of campaigning groups, the growing power of the media in exposing a culture of secrecy, and the development of childcare policy.
The chapter then explores the wider context (political, cultural, and historical) in which discourses of child protection are framed and conducted. The chapter addresses discrete meta-themes that enable the reader to contextualise the debate about child abuse and theorise it from a critical social perspective. This offers a uniquely original analysis of discourses of child protection, incorporating policy development and messages for the future.Less
Irish child abuse inquiries of the last few decades have been hugely significant in revealing the tragic circumstances under which some children lived and died. The main focus here is on what these inquiries reveal about errors and mistakes in child protection and the changing relations between a number of key institutions, particularly the Catholic Church, the state and the media, not on what they reveal about abuse. Through the ‘lens’ of the child abuse inquiry the chapter considers a number of issues, including: the exposure of historic child abuse of children in Irish society, the emergence of campaigning groups, the growing power of the media in exposing a culture of secrecy, and the development of childcare policy.
The chapter then explores the wider context (political, cultural, and historical) in which discourses of child protection are framed and conducted. The chapter addresses discrete meta-themes that enable the reader to contextualise the debate about child abuse and theorise it from a critical social perspective. This offers a uniquely original analysis of discourses of child protection, incorporating policy development and messages for the future.
Heinz Kindler, Christine Gerber, and Susanna Lillig
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447350705
- eISBN:
- 9781447350965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447350705.003.0010
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Scandals have been part of child protection history in Germany for more than 100 years and it can be shown that they have been driving forces for legislation and concept development on several ...
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Scandals have been part of child protection history in Germany for more than 100 years and it can be shown that they have been driving forces for legislation and concept development on several occasions. Scientific methods for analysing unexpected and unintended negative case outcomes in child protection have entered the field only recently and several approaches to case analysis have been developed. Due to a strong tradition of counterfactual thinking in penal law and ‘Fallverstehan’ in social work most approaches are not informed by empirical research on child protection outcomes. Proceduralisation and resource expansion have been the main responses to public inquiries on errors and mistakes in child protection in Germany which are still non-mandatory. Currently the role of ‘serious case reviews’ in German child protection policy is open for debate and it is argued they offer only limited and conditional value for creating a better child protection system.Less
Scandals have been part of child protection history in Germany for more than 100 years and it can be shown that they have been driving forces for legislation and concept development on several occasions. Scientific methods for analysing unexpected and unintended negative case outcomes in child protection have entered the field only recently and several approaches to case analysis have been developed. Due to a strong tradition of counterfactual thinking in penal law and ‘Fallverstehan’ in social work most approaches are not informed by empirical research on child protection outcomes. Proceduralisation and resource expansion have been the main responses to public inquiries on errors and mistakes in child protection in Germany which are still non-mandatory. Currently the role of ‘serious case reviews’ in German child protection policy is open for debate and it is argued they offer only limited and conditional value for creating a better child protection system.
Katherine E. Smith, Justyna Bandola-Gill, Nasar Meer, Ellen Stewart, and Richard Watermeyer
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781447339854
- eISBN:
- 9781447339908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447339854.003.0001
- Subject:
- Education, Higher and Further Education
This chapter briefly explains what we mean by ‘the impact agenda’ and what the UK approach to research impact assessment involves. This chapter also makes the case for why an empirical investigation ...
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This chapter briefly explains what we mean by ‘the impact agenda’ and what the UK approach to research impact assessment involves. This chapter also makes the case for why an empirical investigation of the recent changes associated with research impact assessment is required and provides key definitions and an overview of the rest of the book.Less
This chapter briefly explains what we mean by ‘the impact agenda’ and what the UK approach to research impact assessment involves. This chapter also makes the case for why an empirical investigation of the recent changes associated with research impact assessment is required and provides key definitions and an overview of the rest of the book.
Eva Elliott, Gareth Williams, Chloe Chadderton, and Liz Green
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199656011
- eISBN:
- 9780191748028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656011.003.0012
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes the Wales Health Impact Assessment Support Unit (WHIASU) and the evolution of HIA in the context of Wales as a devolved nation with its particular approach to public health. ...
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This chapter describes the Wales Health Impact Assessment Support Unit (WHIASU) and the evolution of HIA in the context of Wales as a devolved nation with its particular approach to public health. The character of WHIASU can only properly be understood in terms of its history and the wider social, policy, and political context of which it is a part. WHIASU's emphasis on involving people potentially affected by a proposal in HIA mirrors the emphasis in Welsh policy documents on citizen engagement as a mechanism for policy and service development. This was intended to contrast markedly with individual choice as the driver for change in England as well as resonating with a sociological theory of knowledge that supports the value of deliberative processes that involve lay people in dialogue with professionals.Less
This chapter describes the Wales Health Impact Assessment Support Unit (WHIASU) and the evolution of HIA in the context of Wales as a devolved nation with its particular approach to public health. The character of WHIASU can only properly be understood in terms of its history and the wider social, policy, and political context of which it is a part. WHIASU's emphasis on involving people potentially affected by a proposal in HIA mirrors the emphasis in Welsh policy documents on citizen engagement as a mechanism for policy and service development. This was intended to contrast markedly with individual choice as the driver for change in England as well as resonating with a sociological theory of knowledge that supports the value of deliberative processes that involve lay people in dialogue with professionals.
Peter J. Neumann, Theodore G. Ganiats, Louise B. Russell, Gillian D. Sanders, and Joanna E. Siegel (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190492939
- eISBN:
- 9780190492960
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190492939.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
As healthcare costs rise in the United States, debate is ongoing over how to obtain better value for dollars spent. In this context, the use of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is more compelling ...
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As healthcare costs rise in the United States, debate is ongoing over how to obtain better value for dollars spent. In this context, the use of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is more compelling than ever. This book, written by the Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine, reviews key concepts and analytic challenges in CEA. The authors endorse the original Panel’s concept of a reference case and support its recommendation that analysts take a broad societal perspective; in addition, they recommend a healthcare sector perspective for a second reference case, as well as an important new framework, the Impact Inventory, for detailing costs and effects. The revisions draw on advances in the field and include three new chapters that capture research on decision modeling, methods for evidence synthesis, and ethical considerations. The volume also includes two new worked examples (Appendix A and Appendix B) to illustrate ways to implement the authors’ recommendations.Less
As healthcare costs rise in the United States, debate is ongoing over how to obtain better value for dollars spent. In this context, the use of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is more compelling than ever. This book, written by the Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine, reviews key concepts and analytic challenges in CEA. The authors endorse the original Panel’s concept of a reference case and support its recommendation that analysts take a broad societal perspective; in addition, they recommend a healthcare sector perspective for a second reference case, as well as an important new framework, the Impact Inventory, for detailing costs and effects. The revisions draw on advances in the field and include three new chapters that capture research on decision modeling, methods for evidence synthesis, and ethical considerations. The volume also includes two new worked examples (Appendix A and Appendix B) to illustrate ways to implement the authors’ recommendations.
