Ellen Anne McLarney
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691158488
- eISBN:
- 9781400866441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691158488.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This chapter traces the proliferation of debates over women's work—tangled dialectics among development experts, feminists, academics, politicians, Marxists, Azharis, Islamists, and journalists like ...
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This chapter traces the proliferation of debates over women's work—tangled dialectics among development experts, feminists, academics, politicians, Marxists, Azharis, Islamists, and journalists like Iman Muhammad Mustafa. Mustafa charts a specific chronological timeline of these debates, from 1974 to 1989, a period of intense economic and political liberalization in Egypt. In 1989, in the midst of economic crisis and Egypt's contentious negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Mustafa published a ten-part series of articles in the mainstream economic journal al-Ahram al-Iqtisadi criticizing “the working woman.” The articles identified women as a great, untapped resource of human capital in Egypt. Using the statistics, charts, arguments, and language of development reports, Mustafa critiqued Western, secular, feminist valorization of remunerated labor through a celebration of the economic and social worth of women's work in the household economy.Less
This chapter traces the proliferation of debates over women's work—tangled dialectics among development experts, feminists, academics, politicians, Marxists, Azharis, Islamists, and journalists like Iman Muhammad Mustafa. Mustafa charts a specific chronological timeline of these debates, from 1974 to 1989, a period of intense economic and political liberalization in Egypt. In 1989, in the midst of economic crisis and Egypt's contentious negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Mustafa published a ten-part series of articles in the mainstream economic journal al-Ahram al-Iqtisadi criticizing “the working woman.” The articles identified women as a great, untapped resource of human capital in Egypt. Using the statistics, charts, arguments, and language of development reports, Mustafa critiqued Western, secular, feminist valorization of remunerated labor through a celebration of the economic and social worth of women's work in the household economy.
Jonah Steinberg
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807834077
- eISBN:
- 9781469603728
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807899458_steinberg
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
The Isma'ili Muslims, a major sect of Shi'i Islam, form a community that is intriguing in its deterritorialized social organization. Informed by the richness of Isma'ili history, theories of ...
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The Isma'ili Muslims, a major sect of Shi'i Islam, form a community that is intriguing in its deterritorialized social organization. Informed by the richness of Isma'ili history, theories of transnationalism and globalization, and first-hand ethnographic fieldwork in the Himalayan regions of Tajikistan and Pakistan as well as in Europe, this book investigates Isma'ili Muslims and the development of their remarkable and expansive twenty-first-century global structures. Led by a charismatic European-based hereditary Imam, Prince Karim Aga Khan IV, global Isma'ili organizations make available an astonishing array of services—social, economic, political, and religious—to some three to five million subjects stretching from Afghanistan to England, from Pakistan to Tanzania. The book argues that this intricate and highly integrated network enables a new kind of shared identity and citizenship, one that goes well beyond the sense of community maintained by other diasporic populations. Of note in this process is the rapid assimilation in the postcolonial period of once-isolated societies into the intensively centralized Isma'ili structure. Also remarkable is the Isma'ilis' self-presentation, contrary to common characterizations of Islam in the mass media, as a Muslim society that is broadly sympathetic to capitalist systems, opposed to fundamentalism, and distinctly modern in orientation.Less
The Isma'ili Muslims, a major sect of Shi'i Islam, form a community that is intriguing in its deterritorialized social organization. Informed by the richness of Isma'ili history, theories of transnationalism and globalization, and first-hand ethnographic fieldwork in the Himalayan regions of Tajikistan and Pakistan as well as in Europe, this book investigates Isma'ili Muslims and the development of their remarkable and expansive twenty-first-century global structures. Led by a charismatic European-based hereditary Imam, Prince Karim Aga Khan IV, global Isma'ili organizations make available an astonishing array of services—social, economic, political, and religious—to some three to five million subjects stretching from Afghanistan to England, from Pakistan to Tanzania. The book argues that this intricate and highly integrated network enables a new kind of shared identity and citizenship, one that goes well beyond the sense of community maintained by other diasporic populations. Of note in this process is the rapid assimilation in the postcolonial period of once-isolated societies into the intensively centralized Isma'ili structure. Also remarkable is the Isma'ilis' self-presentation, contrary to common characterizations of Islam in the mass media, as a Muslim society that is broadly sympathetic to capitalist systems, opposed to fundamentalism, and distinctly modern in orientation.
B. R. Nanda
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195647518
- eISBN:
- 9780199081400
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195647518.003.0034
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter focuses on the perception of Gokhale as ‘Leader of the Opposition’. Towards his Indian colleagues, even those who toed the official line, Gokhale did not adopt a superior or ...
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This chapter focuses on the perception of Gokhale as ‘Leader of the Opposition’. Towards his Indian colleagues, even those who toed the official line, Gokhale did not adopt a superior or self-righteous attitude. In his private correspondence with the Secretary of State, Minto referred to Gokhale as the ‘leader of the non-officials in the Legislative Council’. Ali Imam, a member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council, once described Gokhale as the ‘Leader of the Opposition’ on the floor of the House. Though there was no organized ‘Opposition’, Gokhale realized that even the moral influence, which the handful of elected members could exercise, depended upon their ability to hold together. Gokhale did his best to keep clear of communal and regional controversies.Less
This chapter focuses on the perception of Gokhale as ‘Leader of the Opposition’. Towards his Indian colleagues, even those who toed the official line, Gokhale did not adopt a superior or self-righteous attitude. In his private correspondence with the Secretary of State, Minto referred to Gokhale as the ‘leader of the non-officials in the Legislative Council’. Ali Imam, a member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council, once described Gokhale as the ‘Leader of the Opposition’ on the floor of the House. Though there was no organized ‘Opposition’, Gokhale realized that even the moral influence, which the handful of elected members could exercise, depended upon their ability to hold together. Gokhale did his best to keep clear of communal and regional controversies.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804760485
- eISBN:
- 9780804771306
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804760485.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This introductory chapter begins by discussing the rebellion organized by Santiago Imán y Villafaña and the subsequent Caste War, which erupted in late July 1847. It then explains the rationale ...
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This introductory chapter begins by discussing the rebellion organized by Santiago Imán y Villafaña and the subsequent Caste War, which erupted in late July 1847. It then explains the rationale behind the present study of the history of southeast Mexico.Less
This introductory chapter begins by discussing the rebellion organized by Santiago Imán y Villafaña and the subsequent Caste War, which erupted in late July 1847. It then explains the rationale behind the present study of the history of southeast Mexico.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804760485
- eISBN:
- 9780804771306
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804760485.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter details what became of Brigadier General Ciudadano Don Santiago Imán y Villafaña in the years prior to his death sometime between April 1854 and August 1855. Santiago Imán lived in ...
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This chapter details what became of Brigadier General Ciudadano Don Santiago Imán y Villafaña in the years prior to his death sometime between April 1854 and August 1855. Santiago Imán lived in relative obscurity in the decade before his death. However, he remained true to his word always to defend Yucatán from “the haughty metropolis,” by briefly remerging to lead his people against the ill-fated Mexican reconquest in 1842–43. In 1852, he served as commander of Cozumel and Isla Mujeres. His last curtain call was his struggle for the estate of his executed son-in-law and regional folk hero, Sebastián Molas.Less
This chapter details what became of Brigadier General Ciudadano Don Santiago Imán y Villafaña in the years prior to his death sometime between April 1854 and August 1855. Santiago Imán lived in relative obscurity in the decade before his death. However, he remained true to his word always to defend Yucatán from “the haughty metropolis,” by briefly remerging to lead his people against the ill-fated Mexican reconquest in 1842–43. In 1852, he served as commander of Cozumel and Isla Mujeres. His last curtain call was his struggle for the estate of his executed son-in-law and regional folk hero, Sebastián Molas.
Jerusha Tanner Lamptey
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199362783
- eISBN:
- 9780199362806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199362783.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam, Religion and Society
This chapter focuses on the Qurʾānic genre of hierarchical religious difference—that is, the semantic field of taqwā—in greater detail. It explores the concepts of īmān (“belief”), islām ...
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This chapter focuses on the Qurʾānic genre of hierarchical religious difference—that is, the semantic field of taqwā—in greater detail. It explores the concepts of īmān (“belief”), islām (“submission, devotion”), ḥanīf (commonly translated as “nondenominational monotheist”), kufr (“disbelief”), shirk (“ascribing partners to God”), and nifāq (“hypocrisy”) in reference to three taqwā-related themes: recognition of and attitude toward God; response to God’s guidance; and type and nature of actions. In relation to each theme, essential characteristics of the concepts and the interconnections among them are illuminated. Based on this exploration, this chapter presents the Qurʾānic discourse on hierarchical religious difference as being characterized by dynamism, ambiguous boundaries, and relational complexity.Less
This chapter focuses on the Qurʾānic genre of hierarchical religious difference—that is, the semantic field of taqwā—in greater detail. It explores the concepts of īmān (“belief”), islām (“submission, devotion”), ḥanīf (commonly translated as “nondenominational monotheist”), kufr (“disbelief”), shirk (“ascribing partners to God”), and nifāq (“hypocrisy”) in reference to three taqwā-related themes: recognition of and attitude toward God; response to God’s guidance; and type and nature of actions. In relation to each theme, essential characteristics of the concepts and the interconnections among them are illuminated. Based on this exploration, this chapter presents the Qurʾānic discourse on hierarchical religious difference as being characterized by dynamism, ambiguous boundaries, and relational complexity.
Monique A. Bedasse
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469633596
- eISBN:
- 9781469633619
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633596.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, African History
This chapter examines the clash between Rastafarian diasporic dreams and African nation-state realities. Even as the Rastafarian notion of diaspora transcended the state, Rastas were at the mercy of ...
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This chapter examines the clash between Rastafarian diasporic dreams and African nation-state realities. Even as the Rastafarian notion of diaspora transcended the state, Rastas were at the mercy of the Tanzanian state apparatus. The state granted them official “right of entry” in 1985,but it was not codified into law, and this made for a less than smooth process. The fissures that came to the fore turned on the legal, economic, cultural, and religious realities of repatriation. Notwithstanding these difficulties, Rastafarians and Tanzanian state officials continued to trod diaspora and to make claims about the relationship between race and citizenship.Less
This chapter examines the clash between Rastafarian diasporic dreams and African nation-state realities. Even as the Rastafarian notion of diaspora transcended the state, Rastas were at the mercy of the Tanzanian state apparatus. The state granted them official “right of entry” in 1985,but it was not codified into law, and this made for a less than smooth process. The fissures that came to the fore turned on the legal, economic, cultural, and religious realities of repatriation. Notwithstanding these difficulties, Rastafarians and Tanzanian state officials continued to trod diaspora and to make claims about the relationship between race and citizenship.
Thierry Balzacq and Wendy Ramadan-Alban
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- July 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198840848
- eISBN:
- 9780191876745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198840848.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, Comparative Politics
This chapter argues that Iran’s grand strategy has and is torn between three tensions: the prioritization of an Islamic identity versus attaining economic prosperity the use of an offensive or ...
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This chapter argues that Iran’s grand strategy has and is torn between three tensions: the prioritization of an Islamic identity versus attaining economic prosperity the use of an offensive or defensive military strategy and its self-conception as a revolutionary or “normal” state. Historically Iran has striven to reconcile these inherently ambivalent goals through the “principle of equilibrium” (tavãzon). This chapter demonstrates how tavãzon shapes Iran’s grand strategy. While these countervailing forces do account for some continuity in Iran’s strategy over time they can conversely result in abrupt changes in response to systemic shifts. Iran’s current strategic imperative is thus driven by three factors: the jostling internal power struggle between factions the economic imperatives chastened by sanctions and most proximately its hostile relations with Saudi Arabia and Israel. In this context Iranian policy elites have consolidated around a military strategy of asymmetric deterrence.Less
This chapter argues that Iran’s grand strategy has and is torn between three tensions: the prioritization of an Islamic identity versus attaining economic prosperity the use of an offensive or defensive military strategy and its self-conception as a revolutionary or “normal” state. Historically Iran has striven to reconcile these inherently ambivalent goals through the “principle of equilibrium” (tavãzon). This chapter demonstrates how tavãzon shapes Iran’s grand strategy. While these countervailing forces do account for some continuity in Iran’s strategy over time they can conversely result in abrupt changes in response to systemic shifts. Iran’s current strategic imperative is thus driven by three factors: the jostling internal power struggle between factions the economic imperatives chastened by sanctions and most proximately its hostile relations with Saudi Arabia and Israel. In this context Iranian policy elites have consolidated around a military strategy of asymmetric deterrence.
