Eithne Luibhéid
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816680993
- eISBN:
- 9781452946634
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816680993.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This book-length study explores the discursive construction of pregnant migrants in Ireland as paradigmatic figures of illegal immigration; the measures that were taken in response; and the cultural, ...
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This book-length study explores the discursive construction of pregnant migrants in Ireland as paradigmatic figures of illegal immigration; the measures that were taken in response; and the cultural, social, and economic consequences of these developments for migrants and citizens. It argues that these Irish transformations drew on and contributed to similar transformations globally, including in the United States, where controversies over pregnant migrants legitimized legal changes that rendered increasing numbers of migrants “illegal,” reconfigured multiple social hierarchies—and generated resistance. The study brings the scholarship on the social construction of illegal immigration into critical dialogue with queer theory. Immigration scholarship shows that designations of legality and illegality do not reflect individual character, but instead, stem from histories of colonialism, global capitalism, racism, and nation-building. The role of sexual regimes in shaping immigrants’ legal status designations remains overlooked, however. By using queer theory to analyze how pregnant women became constructed as illegal immigrants, this project fills that gap in immigration scholarship. The project also expands queer theory by exploring how crises over illegal immigration transform nationalist sexual norms and associated social hierarchies at interlinked local, national, and global scales.Less
This book-length study explores the discursive construction of pregnant migrants in Ireland as paradigmatic figures of illegal immigration; the measures that were taken in response; and the cultural, social, and economic consequences of these developments for migrants and citizens. It argues that these Irish transformations drew on and contributed to similar transformations globally, including in the United States, where controversies over pregnant migrants legitimized legal changes that rendered increasing numbers of migrants “illegal,” reconfigured multiple social hierarchies—and generated resistance. The study brings the scholarship on the social construction of illegal immigration into critical dialogue with queer theory. Immigration scholarship shows that designations of legality and illegality do not reflect individual character, but instead, stem from histories of colonialism, global capitalism, racism, and nation-building. The role of sexual regimes in shaping immigrants’ legal status designations remains overlooked, however. By using queer theory to analyze how pregnant women became constructed as illegal immigrants, this project fills that gap in immigration scholarship. The project also expands queer theory by exploring how crises over illegal immigration transform nationalist sexual norms and associated social hierarchies at interlinked local, national, and global scales.
Paul A. Shackel
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780252041990
- eISBN:
- 9780252050732
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041990.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
Northeastern Pennsylvania has undergone long-term deindustrialization, and the region has one of the highest unemployment rates in the nation. In the late 1990s, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ...
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Northeastern Pennsylvania has undergone long-term deindustrialization, and the region has one of the highest unemployment rates in the nation. In the late 1990s, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided major tax breaks to corporations, and many companies moved their fulfillment centers to the region. Latinos, mostly of Dominican descent, have migrated to the area to fill these low-skilled positions. As a result, Hazleton’s Latino population has risen from 4 percent in 2000 to 37 percent in 2010, and by 2020 it will be a majority minority community. Fearing undocumented workers, the City of Hazleton passed anti-immigration laws, which have helped fuel anti-immigration sentiment across the United States. The memory of Lattimer and recognition of the undocumented status of the victims have been employed to protest this type of legislation.Less
Northeastern Pennsylvania has undergone long-term deindustrialization, and the region has one of the highest unemployment rates in the nation. In the late 1990s, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided major tax breaks to corporations, and many companies moved their fulfillment centers to the region. Latinos, mostly of Dominican descent, have migrated to the area to fill these low-skilled positions. As a result, Hazleton’s Latino population has risen from 4 percent in 2000 to 37 percent in 2010, and by 2020 it will be a majority minority community. Fearing undocumented workers, the City of Hazleton passed anti-immigration laws, which have helped fuel anti-immigration sentiment across the United States. The memory of Lattimer and recognition of the undocumented status of the victims have been employed to protest this type of legislation.
Eithne Luibhéid
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816680993
- eISBN:
- 9781452946634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816680993.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
The Introduction explains the book’s major arguments, the materials and methodologies that are used, and key historical and contextual information.
The Introduction explains the book’s major arguments, the materials and methodologies that are used, and key historical and contextual information.
Carl Lindskoog
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781683400400
- eISBN:
- 9781683400660
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683400400.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Haitian detention at Guantanamo Bay continued to focus attention on U.S. detention practice in 1995 as the government’s detention of hundreds of unaccompanied Haitian youth generated enormous ...
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Haitian detention at Guantanamo Bay continued to focus attention on U.S. detention practice in 1995 as the government’s detention of hundreds of unaccompanied Haitian youth generated enormous controversy and loud calls for their freedom. Chapter 6 documents this struggle over child detention before it moves to an examination of two key pieces of legislation in 1996 that had a decisive impact on the history of immigration detention in the U.S. The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) and the Illegal Immigration and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) were measures that consummated the marriage of immigration restriction and mass incarceration, devastated immigrant communities, and led to an enormous expansion of the immigration detention system. Finally, chapter 6 illustrates what the immigration detention system had become by the late 1990s and how, despite the extraordinary power and cruelty of the system, detainees continued to exercise resistance.Less
Haitian detention at Guantanamo Bay continued to focus attention on U.S. detention practice in 1995 as the government’s detention of hundreds of unaccompanied Haitian youth generated enormous controversy and loud calls for their freedom. Chapter 6 documents this struggle over child detention before it moves to an examination of two key pieces of legislation in 1996 that had a decisive impact on the history of immigration detention in the U.S. The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) and the Illegal Immigration and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) were measures that consummated the marriage of immigration restriction and mass incarceration, devastated immigrant communities, and led to an enormous expansion of the immigration detention system. Finally, chapter 6 illustrates what the immigration detention system had become by the late 1990s and how, despite the extraordinary power and cruelty of the system, detainees continued to exercise resistance.
Eithne Luibhéid
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816680993
- eISBN:
- 9781452946634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816680993.003.0006
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Chapter Five analyzes the 2004 Citizenship Referendum, which ended the practice of automatically granting citizenship to any child born in Ireland. The Referendum was intended to stop immigration ...
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Chapter Five analyzes the 2004 Citizenship Referendum, which ended the practice of automatically granting citizenship to any child born in Ireland. The Referendum was intended to stop immigration into Ireland by pregnant non-citizen women. But it also radically transformed the meaning of citizenship for Irish people. Moreover, it revealed the temporal—rather than spatial—dimensions of immigration control, which tries to create an exclusionary national future by managing heterosexual reproduction.Less
Chapter Five analyzes the 2004 Citizenship Referendum, which ended the practice of automatically granting citizenship to any child born in Ireland. The Referendum was intended to stop immigration into Ireland by pregnant non-citizen women. But it also radically transformed the meaning of citizenship for Irish people. Moreover, it revealed the temporal—rather than spatial—dimensions of immigration control, which tries to create an exclusionary national future by managing heterosexual reproduction.
Patrisia Macías-Rojas
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781479804665
- eISBN:
- 9781479858422
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479804665.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
For many, the punitive turn in immigration stems from the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Although 9/11 linked immigration and national security, this link occurred more in ...
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For many, the punitive turn in immigration stems from the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Although 9/11 linked immigration and national security, this link occurred more in the national imagination than in practice. The day-to-day operations of Border Patrol agents do not involve intercepting terrorists or chemical weapons, nor are border agents apprehending migrants from countries on the “state sponsors of terrorism” or “terrorist safe haven” lists. Despite the rhetorical conflation of immigration with terrorism and national security, what border enforcement looks like in practice is little more than domestic crime control extended to an immigration context. The introductory chapter recounts over a decade of historical and ethnographic research on this new blend of immigration and crime control that began well before the events of September 11.Less
For many, the punitive turn in immigration stems from the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Although 9/11 linked immigration and national security, this link occurred more in the national imagination than in practice. The day-to-day operations of Border Patrol agents do not involve intercepting terrorists or chemical weapons, nor are border agents apprehending migrants from countries on the “state sponsors of terrorism” or “terrorist safe haven” lists. Despite the rhetorical conflation of immigration with terrorism and national security, what border enforcement looks like in practice is little more than domestic crime control extended to an immigration context. The introductory chapter recounts over a decade of historical and ethnographic research on this new blend of immigration and crime control that began well before the events of September 11.
Eithne Luibhéid
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816680993
- eISBN:
- 9781452946634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816680993.003.0003
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Chapter Two uses interview narratives and participant observation to suggest that Ireland’s immigration and asylum system is reactive, poorly planned, and exclusionary, making it virtually impossible ...
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Chapter Two uses interview narratives and participant observation to suggest that Ireland’s immigration and asylum system is reactive, poorly planned, and exclusionary, making it virtually impossible for immigrants or asylum seekers to gain legal status. Gaining residency through a child provided some migrants with an opportunity to negotiate these barriers.Less
Chapter Two uses interview narratives and participant observation to suggest that Ireland’s immigration and asylum system is reactive, poorly planned, and exclusionary, making it virtually impossible for immigrants or asylum seekers to gain legal status. Gaining residency through a child provided some migrants with an opportunity to negotiate these barriers.
Eithne Luibhéid
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816680993
- eISBN:
- 9781452946634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816680993.003.0008
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
The Conclusion brings the book’s arguments together by reviewing how pregnancy became the basis for claiming that certain migrants were “illegal,” and then implementing laws and policies that ...
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The Conclusion brings the book’s arguments together by reviewing how pregnancy became the basis for claiming that certain migrants were “illegal,” and then implementing laws and policies that actually made them so. It then discusses how the figure of the illegal migrant shapes the norm of the desirable migrant and the good citizen, in ways that rearticulate sexualized, gendered, racialized, classed, and geopolitical hierarchies. It suggests that the state’s framework of “national interest,” which legitimizes these policies, remains contested. Yet, questions of sexuality have rarely factored into opposition arguments or alternative visions; what would happen if we were to factor sexuality in?Less
The Conclusion brings the book’s arguments together by reviewing how pregnancy became the basis for claiming that certain migrants were “illegal,” and then implementing laws and policies that actually made them so. It then discusses how the figure of the illegal migrant shapes the norm of the desirable migrant and the good citizen, in ways that rearticulate sexualized, gendered, racialized, classed, and geopolitical hierarchies. It suggests that the state’s framework of “national interest,” which legitimizes these policies, remains contested. Yet, questions of sexuality have rarely factored into opposition arguments or alternative visions; what would happen if we were to factor sexuality in?
Eithne Luibhéid
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816680993
- eISBN:
- 9781452946634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816680993.003.0007
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Chapter 6 provides an overview of what happened to migrant parents with citizen children after the passage of the citizenship referendum, and then describes further conflicts over sexualities and ...
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Chapter 6 provides an overview of what happened to migrant parents with citizen children after the passage of the citizenship referendum, and then describes further conflicts over sexualities and migrations—this time involving heterosexual marriage migration, same-sex couple migration, sex work, and domestic work—that emerged.Less
Chapter 6 provides an overview of what happened to migrant parents with citizen children after the passage of the citizenship referendum, and then describes further conflicts over sexualities and migrations—this time involving heterosexual marriage migration, same-sex couple migration, sex work, and domestic work—that emerged.
Eithne Luibhéid
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816680993
- eISBN:
- 9781452946634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816680993.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Chapter One analyzes critical speeches delivered by the Minister for Justice, who is responsible for immigration policy, in which he characterizes women’s pregnancy as “evidence” of growing illegal ...
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Chapter One analyzes critical speeches delivered by the Minister for Justice, who is responsible for immigration policy, in which he characterizes women’s pregnancy as “evidence” of growing illegal immigration and describes his strategy for tackling it.Less
Chapter One analyzes critical speeches delivered by the Minister for Justice, who is responsible for immigration policy, in which he characterizes women’s pregnancy as “evidence” of growing illegal immigration and describes his strategy for tackling it.
Eithne Luibhéid
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816680993
- eISBN:
- 9781452946634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816680993.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Chapter Four centers on a Supreme Court decision involving a Nigerian asylum seeker who tried to avoid deportation by arguing that she was pregnant and the Irish Constitution promises to “defend and ...
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Chapter Four centers on a Supreme Court decision involving a Nigerian asylum seeker who tried to avoid deportation by arguing that she was pregnant and the Irish Constitution promises to “defend and vindicate” the “right to life of the unborn.” I analyze how pro-life discourses shape state immigration and asylum controls; immigrants’ opportunities to resist deportation and acquire legal status; and Irish women’s right to travel overseas, including for abortions.Less
Chapter Four centers on a Supreme Court decision involving a Nigerian asylum seeker who tried to avoid deportation by arguing that she was pregnant and the Irish Constitution promises to “defend and vindicate” the “right to life of the unborn.” I analyze how pro-life discourses shape state immigration and asylum controls; immigrants’ opportunities to resist deportation and acquire legal status; and Irish women’s right to travel overseas, including for abortions.
John H. Flores
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041808
- eISBN:
- 9780252050473
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041808.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
During the first half of the twentieth century, Mexican Chicago was shaped by the ebbs and flows of revolutionary politics. Initially, the liberals, radicals, and conservatives all defined themselves ...
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During the first half of the twentieth century, Mexican Chicago was shaped by the ebbs and flows of revolutionary politics. Initially, the liberals, radicals, and conservatives all defined themselves as patriotic Mexican citizens. The Calles and Cardenas presidencies reinforced the nationalism of the liberals and radicals, while these presidencies and their policies repulsed the traditionalists from Mexico. As traditionalists distanced themselves from postrevolutionary Mexico, they offered Mexican Catholics a deterritorialized brand of mexicanidad that characterized Mexicans as a supranational people. U.S. deportation campaigns only underscored the ways Mexican citizenship could cost traditionalists their Catholic communities. In the end, the liberals and radicals were simply too disenchanted with the United States to become U.S. citizens, while Mexican radicalism and American nativism convinced traditionalists that it was in their best interest to become Americans.Less
During the first half of the twentieth century, Mexican Chicago was shaped by the ebbs and flows of revolutionary politics. Initially, the liberals, radicals, and conservatives all defined themselves as patriotic Mexican citizens. The Calles and Cardenas presidencies reinforced the nationalism of the liberals and radicals, while these presidencies and their policies repulsed the traditionalists from Mexico. As traditionalists distanced themselves from postrevolutionary Mexico, they offered Mexican Catholics a deterritorialized brand of mexicanidad that characterized Mexicans as a supranational people. U.S. deportation campaigns only underscored the ways Mexican citizenship could cost traditionalists their Catholic communities. In the end, the liberals and radicals were simply too disenchanted with the United States to become U.S. citizens, while Mexican radicalism and American nativism convinced traditionalists that it was in their best interest to become Americans.
Eithne Luibhéid
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816680993
- eISBN:
- 9781452946634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816680993.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Chapter Three analyzes how the social welfare system attempts to transform asylum-seeking migrants into dependent, demoralized, and impoverished subjects. That transformation facilitates the state’s ...
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Chapter Three analyzes how the social welfare system attempts to transform asylum-seeking migrants into dependent, demoralized, and impoverished subjects. That transformation facilitates the state’s denial of the vast majority of asylum claims, and asylum seekers’ reclassification as illegal and deportable migrants. Until 2003, however, giving birth to an Irish child enabled some asylum seekers to avoid these outcomes and instead, to become legally resident, independent, and socially valued subjects.Less
Chapter Three analyzes how the social welfare system attempts to transform asylum-seeking migrants into dependent, demoralized, and impoverished subjects. That transformation facilitates the state’s denial of the vast majority of asylum claims, and asylum seekers’ reclassification as illegal and deportable migrants. Until 2003, however, giving birth to an Irish child enabled some asylum seekers to avoid these outcomes and instead, to become legally resident, independent, and socially valued subjects.
