Julian Johansen
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198267577
- eISBN:
- 9780191683305
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198267577.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Muslims look to the Prophet Muṭammad as the supreme example of human dignity, temperance, fortitude, and wisdom. Broadly speaking, there are two conflicting views to consider in this chapter. The ...
More
Muslims look to the Prophet Muṭammad as the supreme example of human dignity, temperance, fortitude, and wisdom. Broadly speaking, there are two conflicting views to consider in this chapter. The first is that the Prophet, although undoubtedly the supreme example of great human qualities, was fallible in his judgement and possessed an incomplete knowledge of worldly affairs. The second view is that the Prophet was infallible in his judgement and preserved from error (ma'sūm), as the only human vessel completely to contain the definitive ‘gathering together’ of truth which is the Qur'ān. Taking up a position against the infallibility of the Prophet has definite implications. A discussion on Aṭmad Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn 'Aṭā Allāh al-Sikandarī is provided.Less
Muslims look to the Prophet Muṭammad as the supreme example of human dignity, temperance, fortitude, and wisdom. Broadly speaking, there are two conflicting views to consider in this chapter. The first is that the Prophet, although undoubtedly the supreme example of great human qualities, was fallible in his judgement and possessed an incomplete knowledge of worldly affairs. The second view is that the Prophet was infallible in his judgement and preserved from error (ma'sūm), as the only human vessel completely to contain the definitive ‘gathering together’ of truth which is the Qur'ān. Taking up a position against the infallibility of the Prophet has definite implications. A discussion on Aṭmad Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn 'Aṭā Allāh al-Sikandarī is provided.
Ondřej Beránek and Pavel Ťupek
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474417570
- eISBN:
- 9781474444774
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474417570.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter provides an overview of the broader context within which debates regarding graves, funeral architecture and ziyāra have taken place. The early Islamic interdictions against certain ...
More
This chapter provides an overview of the broader context within which debates regarding graves, funeral architecture and ziyāra have taken place. The early Islamic interdictions against certain funerary structures and grave-related rites did not arise in a vacuum. Therefore, the chapter contextualises these debates and the gap that began to emerge between the traditionalists’ (Ahl al-hadith) vision of ideal Islam and the reality of popular Islam. The chapter also offers a detailed focus on the teachings of Ibn Taymiyya, as it was his narrative of Islamic history and the ideal Islamic community that inspired later Sunni reformists, among them the Salafis, who sought to defend Islamic identity against the incursion of foreign influences and impurities, be they elements of Christianity, Judaism, syncretism or modernity.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the broader context within which debates regarding graves, funeral architecture and ziyāra have taken place. The early Islamic interdictions against certain funerary structures and grave-related rites did not arise in a vacuum. Therefore, the chapter contextualises these debates and the gap that began to emerge between the traditionalists’ (Ahl al-hadith) vision of ideal Islam and the reality of popular Islam. The chapter also offers a detailed focus on the teachings of Ibn Taymiyya, as it was his narrative of Islamic history and the ideal Islamic community that inspired later Sunni reformists, among them the Salafis, who sought to defend Islamic identity against the incursion of foreign influences and impurities, be they elements of Christianity, Judaism, syncretism or modernity.
Yahya Michot
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748626052
- eISBN:
- 9780748653126
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748626052.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Ibn Taymiyya, was a Damascene theologian portrayed as an extremist, with many radical positions attached to his name. In the domain of politics, he was unjustly regarded as the spiritual ancestor of ...
More
Ibn Taymiyya, was a Damascene theologian portrayed as an extremist, with many radical positions attached to his name. In the domain of politics, he was unjustly regarded as the spiritual ancestor of the kind of extremism associated with Usama Bin Ladin, the source of a long tradition of extreme intolerance within one stream of Islam. In regard to philosophy, being the author of the Refutation of the Logicians, he was generally seen as the enemy of the falasita. This chapter focuses on Ibn Taymiyya's commentary on the Creed of the famous Sufi executed in Baghdad in 309/922. It is aimed in this chapter that this will show a more complex image of the theologician's relation to Sufism. As, in his reading of al-Hallaj's Aqida, he brings in Ibn 'Arabi's ideas, the chapter provides a good illustration of the interaction between kalam and tasawwuf. In order to appreciate what Ibn Taymiyya says of al-Hallaj in his commentary on his Creed, this chapter presents a double introduction. The first assesses how he views the controversial shaykh in his three fatwas on him. The second addresses, on the basis of the same fatwas, the question of the presence of an incarnationist monism in al-Hallaj's Sufism.Less
Ibn Taymiyya, was a Damascene theologian portrayed as an extremist, with many radical positions attached to his name. In the domain of politics, he was unjustly regarded as the spiritual ancestor of the kind of extremism associated with Usama Bin Ladin, the source of a long tradition of extreme intolerance within one stream of Islam. In regard to philosophy, being the author of the Refutation of the Logicians, he was generally seen as the enemy of the falasita. This chapter focuses on Ibn Taymiyya's commentary on the Creed of the famous Sufi executed in Baghdad in 309/922. It is aimed in this chapter that this will show a more complex image of the theologician's relation to Sufism. As, in his reading of al-Hallaj's Aqida, he brings in Ibn 'Arabi's ideas, the chapter provides a good illustration of the interaction between kalam and tasawwuf. In order to appreciate what Ibn Taymiyya says of al-Hallaj in his commentary on his Creed, this chapter presents a double introduction. The first assesses how he views the controversial shaykh in his three fatwas on him. The second addresses, on the basis of the same fatwas, the question of the presence of an incarnationist monism in al-Hallaj's Sufism.
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198240433
- eISBN:
- 9780191680175
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198240433.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Logic/Philosophy of Mathematics
This book offers a translation of Ibn Taymiyya's Against the Greek Logicians. The introduction of Greek philosophy into the Muslim world left an indelible mark on Islamic intellectual history. ...
More
This book offers a translation of Ibn Taymiyya's Against the Greek Logicians. The introduction of Greek philosophy into the Muslim world left an indelible mark on Islamic intellectual history. Philosophical discourse became a constant element in even traditionalist Islamic sciences. However, Aristotelian metaphysics gave rise to doctrines about God and the universe that were found highly objectionable by a number of Muslim theologians, among whom the fourteenth-century scholar Ibn Taymiyya stood foremost. Ibn Taymiyya, one of the greatest and most prolific thinkers in medieval Islam, held Greek logic responsible for the ‘heretical’ metaphysical conclusions reached by Islamic philosophers, theologians, mystics, and others. He therefore set out to refute philosophical logic, a task which culminated in one of the most devastating attacks ever levelled against the logical system upheld by the early Greeks, the later commentators, and their Muslim followers. His argument is grounded in an empirical approach that in many respects prefigures the philosophies of the British empiricists.Less
This book offers a translation of Ibn Taymiyya's Against the Greek Logicians. The introduction of Greek philosophy into the Muslim world left an indelible mark on Islamic intellectual history. Philosophical discourse became a constant element in even traditionalist Islamic sciences. However, Aristotelian metaphysics gave rise to doctrines about God and the universe that were found highly objectionable by a number of Muslim theologians, among whom the fourteenth-century scholar Ibn Taymiyya stood foremost. Ibn Taymiyya, one of the greatest and most prolific thinkers in medieval Islam, held Greek logic responsible for the ‘heretical’ metaphysical conclusions reached by Islamic philosophers, theologians, mystics, and others. He therefore set out to refute philosophical logic, a task which culminated in one of the most devastating attacks ever levelled against the logical system upheld by the early Greeks, the later commentators, and their Muslim followers. His argument is grounded in an empirical approach that in many respects prefigures the philosophies of the British empiricists.
Mustapha Sheikh
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198790761
- eISBN:
- 9780191833250
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198790761.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
This chapter focuses on the principal concern of the Majālis, namely the discussion of innovations (bidʿa) in ritual worship. Al-Āqḥiṣārī cites some of the most famous texts penned on the subject ...
More
This chapter focuses on the principal concern of the Majālis, namely the discussion of innovations (bidʿa) in ritual worship. Al-Āqḥiṣārī cites some of the most famous texts penned on the subject but, as the chapter demonstrates, no text within this literary genre is as influential on his thinking as Iqtidā’ al-ṣirāṭ al-mustaqīm of Shaykh al-Islām IbnTaymiyya. Since no explicit mention of the Iqtidā’ is made in the Majālis, a detailed textual comparison is undertaken in order to demonstrate the places in the text where al-Āqḥiṣārī either cites verbatim or paraphrases parts of the Iqtidā’. A further aim of the chapter is to bring to light those aspects of al-Āqḥiṣārī’s reform programme that justify him being linked to the Qāḍīzādelis.Less
This chapter focuses on the principal concern of the Majālis, namely the discussion of innovations (bidʿa) in ritual worship. Al-Āqḥiṣārī cites some of the most famous texts penned on the subject but, as the chapter demonstrates, no text within this literary genre is as influential on his thinking as Iqtidā’ al-ṣirāṭ al-mustaqīm of Shaykh al-Islām IbnTaymiyya. Since no explicit mention of the Iqtidā’ is made in the Majālis, a detailed textual comparison is undertaken in order to demonstrate the places in the text where al-Āqḥiṣārī either cites verbatim or paraphrases parts of the Iqtidā’. A further aim of the chapter is to bring to light those aspects of al-Āqḥiṣārī’s reform programme that justify him being linked to the Qāḍīzādelis.
Daniella Talmon-Heller
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474460965
- eISBN:
- 9781474480772
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460965.003.0014
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Ibn Taymiyya, a well known critic of saint and tomb veneration, devoted several fatwas and polemical treatises to disparage the cult of the head of al-Husayn and the sacredness of his shrines in ...
More
Ibn Taymiyya, a well known critic of saint and tomb veneration, devoted several fatwas and polemical treatises to disparage the cult of the head of al-Husayn and the sacredness of his shrines in Ascalon and Cairo. He argues that the erection of shrines and the rites of ziyara originate in Shiʿi and Christian polytheistic ways, that the cult is a bidʿa, and that the relic is not authentic.Less
Ibn Taymiyya, a well known critic of saint and tomb veneration, devoted several fatwas and polemical treatises to disparage the cult of the head of al-Husayn and the sacredness of his shrines in Ascalon and Cairo. He argues that the erection of shrines and the rites of ziyara originate in Shiʿi and Christian polytheistic ways, that the cult is a bidʿa, and that the relic is not authentic.
Sophia Vasalou
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199397839
- eISBN:
- 9780199397853
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199397839.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Among the topics that played a foundational role in classical Islamic debates about value, two stand out: What makes actions good, and how do human beings know it? In the Islamic milieu, different ...
More
Among the topics that played a foundational role in classical Islamic debates about value, two stand out: What makes actions good, and how do human beings know it? In the Islamic milieu, different theologians offered sharply diverging answers to these questions, respectively a question about ethical ontology and ethical epistemology. Using these questions as a focus and drawing on a number of key texts, this book offers a reading of Ibn Taymiyya’s ethical thought that is analytically rigorous yet sensitive to its ambiguities. In doing so, it sheds fresh light on the status of reason in Ibn Taymiyya’s evaluative understanding and on the conception of human nature that animates it. At the same time, it seeks to locate Ibn Taymiyya’s thought within its intellectual context, situating it against the rich tapestry of discussions about ethical value taking place within theology, philosophy, and legal theory. Read against the competing approaches of Muʿtazilite and Ashʿarite theologians, Ibn Taymiyya’s ethics betrays multiple debts to Ashʿarite thought, both in its consequentialist understanding of ethical value and in the conception of reason and human nature that it deploys on the epistemological level. More distinctive in Ibn Taymiyya’s approach is the theological vision that drives it, which finds expression in a specific understanding of God’s morality and the purposes of the divine Law. In exploring Ibn Taymiyya’s ethics, this book also seeks to reflect on the character of his writing as a whole and the hermeneutical challenges it poses.Less
Among the topics that played a foundational role in classical Islamic debates about value, two stand out: What makes actions good, and how do human beings know it? In the Islamic milieu, different theologians offered sharply diverging answers to these questions, respectively a question about ethical ontology and ethical epistemology. Using these questions as a focus and drawing on a number of key texts, this book offers a reading of Ibn Taymiyya’s ethical thought that is analytically rigorous yet sensitive to its ambiguities. In doing so, it sheds fresh light on the status of reason in Ibn Taymiyya’s evaluative understanding and on the conception of human nature that animates it. At the same time, it seeks to locate Ibn Taymiyya’s thought within its intellectual context, situating it against the rich tapestry of discussions about ethical value taking place within theology, philosophy, and legal theory. Read against the competing approaches of Muʿtazilite and Ashʿarite theologians, Ibn Taymiyya’s ethics betrays multiple debts to Ashʿarite thought, both in its consequentialist understanding of ethical value and in the conception of reason and human nature that it deploys on the epistemological level. More distinctive in Ibn Taymiyya’s approach is the theological vision that drives it, which finds expression in a specific understanding of God’s morality and the purposes of the divine Law. In exploring Ibn Taymiyya’s ethics, this book also seeks to reflect on the character of his writing as a whole and the hermeneutical challenges it poses.
Rebecca Skreslet Hernandez
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198805939
- eISBN:
- 9780191843846
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198805939.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
In another controversial fatwa, al-Suyūṭī claims to represent a consensus of scholars opposed to the study of Greek logic on the grounds that it can lead to philosophical speculation of a heretical ...
More
In another controversial fatwa, al-Suyūṭī claims to represent a consensus of scholars opposed to the study of Greek logic on the grounds that it can lead to philosophical speculation of a heretical nature. While ostensibly a condemnation of logic, upon closer examination this fatwa serves to bolster al-Suyūṭī’s own claim to have achieved the rank of mujtahid (scholar capable of independent reasoning) in spite of his own lack of expertise in the discipline of logic. He tries to position his own opinion as being in line with those of the great scholars of the past or, in other words, with his “community of practice.” In fact, no such consensus against the study of logic existed during al-Suyūṭī’s time, thus making the “logic” of al-Suyūṭī’s logic fatwa even more tortured.Less
In another controversial fatwa, al-Suyūṭī claims to represent a consensus of scholars opposed to the study of Greek logic on the grounds that it can lead to philosophical speculation of a heretical nature. While ostensibly a condemnation of logic, upon closer examination this fatwa serves to bolster al-Suyūṭī’s own claim to have achieved the rank of mujtahid (scholar capable of independent reasoning) in spite of his own lack of expertise in the discipline of logic. He tries to position his own opinion as being in line with those of the great scholars of the past or, in other words, with his “community of practice.” In fact, no such consensus against the study of logic existed during al-Suyūṭī’s time, thus making the “logic” of al-Suyūṭī’s logic fatwa even more tortured.
Ondrej Beránek and Pavel Tupek
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474417570
- eISBN:
- 9781474444774
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474417570.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
In various parts of the Islamic world over the past decades, virulent attacks have targeted Islamic funeral and sacral architecture. Rather than being random acts of vandalism, these are associated ...
More
In various parts of the Islamic world over the past decades, virulent attacks have targeted Islamic funeral and sacral architecture. Rather than being random acts of vandalism, these are associated with the idea of performing one’s religious duty as attested to in the Salafi/Wahhabi tradition and texts. Graves, shrines and tombs are regarded by some Muslims as having the potential to tempt a believer to polytheism. Hence the duty to level the graves to the ground (taswiyat al-qubūr). In illuminating the ideology behind these acts, this book explains the current destruction of graves in the Islamic world and traces the ideological sources of iconoclasm in their historical perspective, from medieval theological and legal debates to contemporary Islamist movements including ISIS. The authors look at the destruction of graves in various parts of the Islamic world including the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia, and trace the ideological roots of Salafi iconoclasm and its shifts and mutations in an historical perspective. The book contains case studies, among others, on Ibn Taymiyya, Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, the Saudi religious establishment, Nasir al-Din al-Albani, and ISIS and the destruction of monuments.Less
In various parts of the Islamic world over the past decades, virulent attacks have targeted Islamic funeral and sacral architecture. Rather than being random acts of vandalism, these are associated with the idea of performing one’s religious duty as attested to in the Salafi/Wahhabi tradition and texts. Graves, shrines and tombs are regarded by some Muslims as having the potential to tempt a believer to polytheism. Hence the duty to level the graves to the ground (taswiyat al-qubūr). In illuminating the ideology behind these acts, this book explains the current destruction of graves in the Islamic world and traces the ideological sources of iconoclasm in their historical perspective, from medieval theological and legal debates to contemporary Islamist movements including ISIS. The authors look at the destruction of graves in various parts of the Islamic world including the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia, and trace the ideological roots of Salafi iconoclasm and its shifts and mutations in an historical perspective. The book contains case studies, among others, on Ibn Taymiyya, Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, the Saudi religious establishment, Nasir al-Din al-Albani, and ISIS and the destruction of monuments.
Daniella Talmon-Heller
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474460965
- eISBN:
- 9781474480772
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460965.003.0017
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Addressing the pre-Islamic custom of the Arabs to use intercalation for adjusting their lunar calendar to the solar annual cycle, the Qurʾan and the Prophet's farewell sermon are said to forbid the ...
More
Addressing the pre-Islamic custom of the Arabs to use intercalation for adjusting their lunar calendar to the solar annual cycle, the Qurʾan and the Prophet's farewell sermon are said to forbid the nasīʾ. This excursus brings the explanations of the medieval scholars al-Biruni and Ibn Taymiyya and of western scholarship for the creation of a unique Islamic calendar.Less
Addressing the pre-Islamic custom of the Arabs to use intercalation for adjusting their lunar calendar to the solar annual cycle, the Qurʾan and the Prophet's farewell sermon are said to forbid the nasīʾ. This excursus brings the explanations of the medieval scholars al-Biruni and Ibn Taymiyya and of western scholarship for the creation of a unique Islamic calendar.
Junaid Quadri
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- March 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190077044
- eISBN:
- 9780190077075
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190077044.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Chapter 1 sketches the historical and transregional context of the project, examining two acrimonious episodes local to twentieth-century Egypt to lay bare the ever-present background contexts of ...
More
Chapter 1 sketches the historical and transregional context of the project, examining two acrimonious episodes local to twentieth-century Egypt to lay bare the ever-present background contexts of Muslim history and the greater Muslim world. Paying close attention to the social and political developments that dominated Egyptian intellectual life at the turn of the century, I examine two exchanges between Bakhīt and Rashīd Riḍā to lay out the terrain of partisanship and territorialism that so heavily structured Cairo’s intellectual scene in the early twentieth century. As a result of what Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen has termed the “Salafi Press,” the previous monopoly on Islamic interpretation held by the Azharī ulama began to loosen, and the latter began to sense their authority being threatened. These resulted in bitter polemics but also, I argue, a substantial reconfiguration of the intellectual landscape simply by virtue of the indefatigable onslaught of the Modernists, especially Riḍā. This state of affairs motivated the ulama to draw on resources that exceeded their specific context both historically and geographically, resulting in a certain rearrangement of authority that relied on older structural features of the madhhab to create new networks of belonging and allegiance.Less
Chapter 1 sketches the historical and transregional context of the project, examining two acrimonious episodes local to twentieth-century Egypt to lay bare the ever-present background contexts of Muslim history and the greater Muslim world. Paying close attention to the social and political developments that dominated Egyptian intellectual life at the turn of the century, I examine two exchanges between Bakhīt and Rashīd Riḍā to lay out the terrain of partisanship and territorialism that so heavily structured Cairo’s intellectual scene in the early twentieth century. As a result of what Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen has termed the “Salafi Press,” the previous monopoly on Islamic interpretation held by the Azharī ulama began to loosen, and the latter began to sense their authority being threatened. These resulted in bitter polemics but also, I argue, a substantial reconfiguration of the intellectual landscape simply by virtue of the indefatigable onslaught of the Modernists, especially Riḍā. This state of affairs motivated the ulama to draw on resources that exceeded their specific context both historically and geographically, resulting in a certain rearrangement of authority that relied on older structural features of the madhhab to create new networks of belonging and allegiance.
Daniella Talmon-Heller
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474460965
- eISBN:
- 9781474480772
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460965.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
The re-Sunnification of Cairo, initiated by Saladin after the overthrow of the Fatimids in 1171, did not impede the veneration of the Husayni shrine and mosque. It ceased to constitute a source of ...
More
The re-Sunnification of Cairo, initiated by Saladin after the overthrow of the Fatimids in 1171, did not impede the veneration of the Husayni shrine and mosque. It ceased to constitute a source of political legitimation, but remained a popular pilgrimage site (as depicted by Ibn Jubayr). Under the Ayyubids and Mamluks it was frequented by Sufis, and by a circle of students of Islamic law. Some jurists, prominent among them Ibn Taymiyya, denied the authenticity of the relic and criticized the cult in its shrine.Less
The re-Sunnification of Cairo, initiated by Saladin after the overthrow of the Fatimids in 1171, did not impede the veneration of the Husayni shrine and mosque. It ceased to constitute a source of political legitimation, but remained a popular pilgrimage site (as depicted by Ibn Jubayr). Under the Ayyubids and Mamluks it was frequented by Sufis, and by a circle of students of Islamic law. Some jurists, prominent among them Ibn Taymiyya, denied the authenticity of the relic and criticized the cult in its shrine.
Mustapha Sheikh
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198790761
- eISBN:
- 9780191833250
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198790761.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
The final chapter sets out the central findings of the study, delineates the centrality of al-Āqḥiṣārī’s writing for our understanding of the Ottoman revivalist movement and suggests avenues for ...
More
The final chapter sets out the central findings of the study, delineates the centrality of al-Āqḥiṣārī’s writing for our understanding of the Ottoman revivalist movement and suggests avenues for future research.Less
The final chapter sets out the central findings of the study, delineates the centrality of al-Āqḥiṣārī’s writing for our understanding of the Ottoman revivalist movement and suggests avenues for future research.
Mohamed-Ali Adraoui
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- March 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190062460
- eISBN:
- 9780190062491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190062460.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Genealogical socialization is the process by which the actor acquires an identity derived from appropriating a different heritage and which determines a concept of the world and of life that will ...
More
Genealogical socialization is the process by which the actor acquires an identity derived from appropriating a different heritage and which determines a concept of the world and of life that will provide an exclusive frame for thought and action. It is genealogical because the process inserts itself into a sacred temporality with which every believing Muslim identifies, being sincere and strong enough to live with whatever ruptures with his environment he needs to make while seeking to reproduce the habitus of Islam’s first believers. It is linked to the establishment of a symbolic lineage between the time when this religion appeared and modern times, when a minute portion of believers show themselves to be faithful to the demands of the true faith.Less
Genealogical socialization is the process by which the actor acquires an identity derived from appropriating a different heritage and which determines a concept of the world and of life that will provide an exclusive frame for thought and action. It is genealogical because the process inserts itself into a sacred temporality with which every believing Muslim identifies, being sincere and strong enough to live with whatever ruptures with his environment he needs to make while seeking to reproduce the habitus of Islam’s first believers. It is linked to the establishment of a symbolic lineage between the time when this religion appeared and modern times, when a minute portion of believers show themselves to be faithful to the demands of the true faith.
Thomas Michel
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780823243198
- eISBN:
- 9780823243235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823243198.003.0019
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
For a man who had never met a Muslim until he was twenty-eight, Michel’s life as a priest was characterised by more than forty years spent mainly amongst them. The seminal turning points of the ...
More
For a man who had never met a Muslim until he was twenty-eight, Michel’s life as a priest was characterised by more than forty years spent mainly amongst them. The seminal turning points of the 1960s, the encyclical Ecclesiam Suam of Pope Paul VI, Vatican II, and the civil rights movement in the United States, prepared the way for Indonesia and a life lived in engagement with Islam. After teaching at a teachers’ college and working with political prisoners in Indonesia, experiencing for the first time the hospitality of Muslims, he became a Jesuit and, after the prompting of Muslim students, began the formal study of Islam. This led, via the Lebanon and Cairo, to Chicago, where a doctoral thesis was prepared on Ibn Taymiyya under the direction of Fazlur Rahman. After a short time back in Indonesia, the road leads to Rome and official Christian-Muslim dialogue. It concludes in Turkey with years spent in teaching Christian theology and wide-ranging conversations.Less
For a man who had never met a Muslim until he was twenty-eight, Michel’s life as a priest was characterised by more than forty years spent mainly amongst them. The seminal turning points of the 1960s, the encyclical Ecclesiam Suam of Pope Paul VI, Vatican II, and the civil rights movement in the United States, prepared the way for Indonesia and a life lived in engagement with Islam. After teaching at a teachers’ college and working with political prisoners in Indonesia, experiencing for the first time the hospitality of Muslims, he became a Jesuit and, after the prompting of Muslim students, began the formal study of Islam. This led, via the Lebanon and Cairo, to Chicago, where a doctoral thesis was prepared on Ibn Taymiyya under the direction of Fazlur Rahman. After a short time back in Indonesia, the road leads to Rome and official Christian-Muslim dialogue. It concludes in Turkey with years spent in teaching Christian theology and wide-ranging conversations.
Daniella Talmon-Heller
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474460965
- eISBN:
- 9781474480772
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460965.003.0023
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter shifts from the 'microscopic' to the 'macroscopic' perspective, to make several observations on medieval Islamic constructions of the 'sacred'. It demonstrates similarities between the ...
More
This chapter shifts from the 'microscopic' to the 'macroscopic' perspective, to make several observations on medieval Islamic constructions of the 'sacred'. It demonstrates similarities between the understanding of sacred place and time, points out the common vocabulary describing them, and lists the shared set of rites performed in them. Recurrent themes - such as references to the benevolent presence of angels, events of sacred history, the apparition of holy men, the remittance of sins, God's excessive mercy and baraka - are noted here. The chapter also summarizes the opinions of the Hanbali-Sunni Ibn Taymiyya and the Shiʿi Ibn Tawus on these beliefs and practices. Notwithstanding pious devotions, festivities associated with sacred times and places served also political ends, communal purposes, and the formation of identities.Less
This chapter shifts from the 'microscopic' to the 'macroscopic' perspective, to make several observations on medieval Islamic constructions of the 'sacred'. It demonstrates similarities between the understanding of sacred place and time, points out the common vocabulary describing them, and lists the shared set of rites performed in them. Recurrent themes - such as references to the benevolent presence of angels, events of sacred history, the apparition of holy men, the remittance of sins, God's excessive mercy and baraka - are noted here. The chapter also summarizes the opinions of the Hanbali-Sunni Ibn Taymiyya and the Shiʿi Ibn Tawus on these beliefs and practices. Notwithstanding pious devotions, festivities associated with sacred times and places served also political ends, communal purposes, and the formation of identities.
Anabel Inge
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- October 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190611675
- eISBN:
- 9780190611705
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190611675.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter explains the historical origins of Salafism—covering the scholars Ibn Hanbal, Ibn Taymiyya, and Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab—before examining how it spread to the United Kingdom through ...
More
This chapter explains the historical origins of Salafism—covering the scholars Ibn Hanbal, Ibn Taymiyya, and Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab—before examining how it spread to the United Kingdom through organizations such as JIMAS and Salafi Publications. It disentangles Salafism from its Saudi variant, Wahhabism. But it shows that, while claims that major UK Salafi groups received Saudi funding appear to be unsubstantiated, they nevertheless benefitted from generous scholarships for foreigners at the Saudi Islamic University of Madinah. The chapter stresses the impact of generational transitions and key political turning points—such as the Rushdie Affair, the Gulf and Bosnian wars, 9/11, and 7/7—on the development of Salafism in the United Kingdom. It then describes how London’s Brixton Mosque, one of the first Salafi mosques in Britain, played a crucial role in accommodating a growing black convert community. The chapter ends by highlighting Salafism’s recently increased appeal among young women, black converts, and Somalis.Less
This chapter explains the historical origins of Salafism—covering the scholars Ibn Hanbal, Ibn Taymiyya, and Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab—before examining how it spread to the United Kingdom through organizations such as JIMAS and Salafi Publications. It disentangles Salafism from its Saudi variant, Wahhabism. But it shows that, while claims that major UK Salafi groups received Saudi funding appear to be unsubstantiated, they nevertheless benefitted from generous scholarships for foreigners at the Saudi Islamic University of Madinah. The chapter stresses the impact of generational transitions and key political turning points—such as the Rushdie Affair, the Gulf and Bosnian wars, 9/11, and 7/7—on the development of Salafism in the United Kingdom. It then describes how London’s Brixton Mosque, one of the first Salafi mosques in Britain, played a crucial role in accommodating a growing black convert community. The chapter ends by highlighting Salafism’s recently increased appeal among young women, black converts, and Somalis.
Mustapha Sheikh
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198790761
- eISBN:
- 9780191833250
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198790761.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
This book is about the emergence of a new activist Sufism in the Muslim world from the sixteenth century onwards, which emphasised personal responsibility for putting God’s guidance into practice. It ...
More
This book is about the emergence of a new activist Sufism in the Muslim world from the sixteenth century onwards, which emphasised personal responsibility for putting God’s guidance into practice. It focuses specifically on developments at the centre of the Ottoman Empire, but also considers both how they might have been influenced by the wider connections and engagements of learned and holy men and how their influence might have been spread from the Ottoman Empire to South Asia in particular. The immediate focus is on the Qāḍīzādeli movement which flourished in Istanbul from the 1620s to the 1680s and which inveighed against corrupt scholars and heterodox Sufis. The book aims by studying the relationship between Aḥmad al-Rūmī al-Āqḥiṣārī’s magisterial Majālis al-abrār and Qāḍīzādeli beliefs to place both author and the movement in an Ottoman, Ḥanafī, and Sufi milieu. In so doing, it breaks new ground, both in bringing to light al-Āqḥiṣārī’s writings, and methodologically, in Ottoman studies at least, in employing line-by-line textual comparisons to ascertain the borrowings and influences linking al-Āqḥiṣārī to medieval Islamic thinkers such as Aḥmad b. Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, as well as to several near-contemporaries. Most significantly, the book finally puts to rest the strict dichotomy between Qāḍīzādeli reformism and Sufism, a dichotomy that with too few exceptions continues to be the mainstay of the existing literature.Less
This book is about the emergence of a new activist Sufism in the Muslim world from the sixteenth century onwards, which emphasised personal responsibility for putting God’s guidance into practice. It focuses specifically on developments at the centre of the Ottoman Empire, but also considers both how they might have been influenced by the wider connections and engagements of learned and holy men and how their influence might have been spread from the Ottoman Empire to South Asia in particular. The immediate focus is on the Qāḍīzādeli movement which flourished in Istanbul from the 1620s to the 1680s and which inveighed against corrupt scholars and heterodox Sufis. The book aims by studying the relationship between Aḥmad al-Rūmī al-Āqḥiṣārī’s magisterial Majālis al-abrār and Qāḍīzādeli beliefs to place both author and the movement in an Ottoman, Ḥanafī, and Sufi milieu. In so doing, it breaks new ground, both in bringing to light al-Āqḥiṣārī’s writings, and methodologically, in Ottoman studies at least, in employing line-by-line textual comparisons to ascertain the borrowings and influences linking al-Āqḥiṣārī to medieval Islamic thinkers such as Aḥmad b. Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, as well as to several near-contemporaries. Most significantly, the book finally puts to rest the strict dichotomy between Qāḍīzādeli reformism and Sufism, a dichotomy that with too few exceptions continues to be the mainstay of the existing literature.