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The introduction provides a narrative overview and survey of the five generations of the Valori analysed in the book. It explains the principal actions, conflicts, and outcomes of the family's political careers between the late fifteenth century through the late seventeenth century. Additionally, the introduction provides an overview and survey of the family's primary intellectual patronage patterns, particularly their alliances with Girolamo Savonarola, a radical Dominican reformer and prophet, Marsilio Ficino, the city's leading Neoplatonic philosopher, and Niccolò Machiavelli, the most influential political philosopher of the Italian Renaissance.

Returns to a problem first raised in Ch. 8, namely, reconciling the existence of prerogatives not to maximize overall good (allowing for some such acts to be supererogatory) with restrictions on the pursuit of one's personal good. This problem becomes especially pressing since, despite the earlier emphasis on the existence of restrictions to pursuing the greater good, it is sometimes the case that greater good may permissibly take precedence over restrictions, for example, negative and positive duties (obligations) or rights; if personal good may take precedence over greater good (allowing some acts for greater good to be supererogatory), and these supererogatory acts may take precedence over restrictions, why may not personal good take precedence over restrictions — why does transitivity fail here? An attempt is made to prove each premise in this argument separately, and the associated objections and duties are presented. The third section of the chapter considers whether the intransitivity arises only because different factors account for precedence relations in each step of the argument, or whether the results obtained in the first two sections of the chapter are more general, and, indeed, another instance of the Principle of Contextual Interaction; consideration is also given to whether the intransitivities discussed share the cycling property characteristic of other intransitivities. Concludes by applying these results to a further discussion of those who never allow duty to be subordinated to supererogation, to Scheffler's Hybrid Theory, and to Parfit's problem of the Repugnant Conclusion.

This chapter considers the superhero in transnational Japanese-Korean animation, focusing on the feature film Blade of the Phantom Master (2004). A Japanese-South Korean co-production, this animated film offers a fantasy-action retelling of the iconic Korean folktale Chunhyang. Thus, this film is a revealing case of the cultural translation and transnational re-imagining of Korean literature and myth. This chapter covers the adaptation process, and examines the ways in which the specifically Korean aspects of the narrative and characters have been modified and adapted to reach a wider international audience. In particular, the recasting of the virtuous maiden Chunhyang as a fetishized super-ninja is shown to be particularly problematic. Rather than representing a step forward for Korean animation abroad, the film rewrites a Korean folktale for an international audience, drawing on the conventions of Japanese anime to create a new hybrid media for a global market.

The first three chapters of Part III of the book (Chs 8–10) examine the question of whether it is morally permissible to treat people in ways ruled out by the Principle of Permissible Harm (PPH; this was introduced in Ch. 7 and provides an account of certain restrictions/constraints on killing) only for the sake of minimizing violations of the PPH itself, or whether there is a constraint on doing this. Ch. 8 first examines the arguments Samuel Scheffler presents against both restrictions and constraints, and his defence of prerogatives not to maximize good or minimize harm (his Hybrid Theory); since Scheffler's views on prerogatives are in some ways related to those of Bernard Williams, the latter's views on integrity are also considered. The criticism made of Scheffler in Sect. I of this chapter is concerned with his view of the supposed gulf between prerogatives and restrictions, and consideration is given to whether too great an emphasis on an active/passive distinction does not underlie his strong opposition to restrictions and whether (by a transitivity argument) he is committed to no restrictions even in pursuing personal non‐optimal projects. Possible similarities between prerogatives and restrictions (or constraints) are considered, but the focus is on crucial differences with respect to minimizing the violation of prerogatives and restrictions, these differences giving rise to what are called the Value and Selection Problems; solutions to the Selection Problem based on asymmetries in victims and differentiation between agents are considered. Sect. II of the chapter re‐examines the foundations of a prerogative (not to maximize good or to minimize harm) that Scheffler located in the personal point of view (PPV); rejecting the sufficiency of Scheffler's account, the chapter focuses on freedom of choice over entitlements in creatures who are ends‐in‐themselves, discussing briefly the idea of reasons generated from the PPV in such creatures; finally, an examination is made of the arguments Shelly Kagan has constructed for and against prerogatives, including the Negative and Positive Arguments, and the Argument from Vividness.

This tutorial gives a practical introduction to the Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm and the analysis of Monte Carlo data. The method is exemplified at the ϕ 4 theory, for which all steps from the derivation of the relevant formulae to the actual implementation in a computer program are discussed in detail. It concludes with the analysis of Monte Carlo data, in particular their auto-correlations.

This essay discusses how feminist filmmaking techniques embody the explicit construction of identity through a shared and collaborative approach to subject participation and performance in relation to ideas around ‘voice’. It highlights the use of ‘hybrid’ practices and border-crossing in film and art processes. The author shows how strategies of participation and performance allow for non-binary complexities and voice-making to emerge.

This chapter examines the much-debated question of conflict and democratization. It argues that over its first quarter-century the Armenian-Azerbaijani rivalry was sustained by the interactions of two hybrid regimes, in which authoritarian leaders were secure enough to secure power but not to enforce unpopular compromise. It then examines the roles of informal power structures and the persistent insecurity generated by prolonged militarised competition. It argues that while the causal relationship between regime type and rivalry is complex, over the long-term insecurity has provided important resources to authoritarian regimes ‘demobilizing’ constituencies for reform and democratic change. The chapter acknowledges revolutionary changes in Armenia in 2018, while highlighting the capacity of enduring rivalries to outlast democratic openings and remain stable across mixed-regime dyads.

This chapter advances the idea that Barack Obama’s self-identity, as based on his writings, speeches and public statements, may be characterized as a type of hybrid fluidity as opposed to the hybrid fixity sometimes expressed in black/white multiracial identity. In other words, hybrid fixity tends to focus on one’s multiraciality as the primary vehicle for self-identification and actualization. Obama’s composite identity includes a mixed race dimension as merely one component of a more encompassing hybridity, which also embraces his subjectivity as local (African American), and transnational (world citizen). Obama’s hybrid fluidity is deployed in his autobiographical writings.

This chapter focuses on hybrid selves, a new kind of self that arises as a result of the distinct context, experiences and set of social and material practices that a person engages in to understand themselves and those around them. While there are many different ways to define hybrid, its use here examines those novel socio-cultural transformations, combinations and “mixings” that take shape at the moment of cultural encounter. Hybrid selves form differently even if facing the same set of circumstances and conditions such studying the everyday lives of business people can elucidate the repertoires of actions that they embody and eschew. By outlining the main tenets of hybrid selves, this chapter challenges conceptualizations of ‘self’ that are based on static notions of identity which limit how we can understand people. It provides examples and comparative illustrations of hybrid selves and contrasts them with research that aims to study similar people in diversity and cross-cultural management. The chapter points out main differences between hybrid selves and bi-cultural or multicultural notions of identity that generally offer hyphenation as a solution to the complex ways people may understand themselves.

Joan Gordon’s “Intersubjectivity and Cultural Exchange in Kij Johnson’s Novels of Japan” provides an illuminating reading of Kij Johnson’s innovative exploration of human and nonhuman animal subjectivities in The Fox Woman (2000) and Fudoki (2003). Gordon highlights Johnson’s use of traditional Japanese autobiographical literary forms to bridge gaps not only between an assumed Western contemporary audience and the medieval Japanese setting of her novels, but also between humans and nonhuman animals. These Japanese forms, using the careful eye of the observer and internal examinations of individual subjects, engages what Gordon calls the amborg gaze, and collapses the division between subject and object in human/other animal relations and, perhaps, in relations between humans of different cultures.

This chapter discusses the role of images in nanotechnology. Nanotechnology includes an array of scientific and engineering fields in which researchers observe and manipulate materials at or near the nanometer scale (one billionth of a meter). The very idea of visualizing nanoscale phenomena is controversial, as such phenomena are far smaller than a wavelength of light; nevertheless, nanoimages are ubiquitous in research articles, press releases, and other displays of nanoscale phenomena. This chapter shows how such images often take a hybrid form, freely combining elements of traditional scientific representation with speculative portrayals that showcase promised and imagined possibilities. Three emerging genre of nanoimages are presented, and the authors critically discuss the possibility that they exemplify a new mode of scientific representation.

This chapter describes the rise of a challenger organization, called NPower, that took advantage of transformations in the Circuit Rider social movement to rise in prominence. NPower combined some of the Circuit Riders’ social values with market values of technology entrepreneurs into a hybrid organizational form: the social enterprise. The result attracted funding from for-profit companies such as Microsoft as well as other large for-profit technology firms. Materially, these resources allowed NPower to grow rapidly and eventually gain national prominence. Symbolically, the support of for-profit firms provided a different basis for moral legitimacy in the nonprofit technology assistance field, moving the account of worth away from the larger social good and into more narrowly defined economic goods, such as efficiency gains.

This chapter explains how NPower worked to institutionalize their entrepreneurial approach to nonprofit technology by expanding and replicating their model nationally. This chapter illustrates how organizations translate existing models to local environments while maintaining enough similarity to the original as to be recognizable as such. Here, I present data from a longitudinal organizational ethnography at the NPower office in New York, the first and arguably most successful affiliate of the NPower national expansion. This chapter explains moral ambivalence, the tension created by the entrepreneurial strategy of combining social and economic values. Moral ambivalence forces hybrid organizations, like social enterprises, to appeal to multiple stakeholders simultaneously expanding moral legitimacy. However, such a strategy also makes the organization vulnerable to moral legitimacy challenges from other actors, in this case members of the Circuit Rider movement.

This chapter deals with McGovern’s later work on television drama series. It focuses on two works for the prime time BBC One audience, The Street and Accused and one for daytime, Moving On. This phase of McGovern’s work is seen as being characterised by a confidence to experiment both in stylistic terms and, particularly, with writing processes. All three series here see McGovern working, to different degrees, with other writers and reflects a television environment which would see such an approach become increasingly common but within which McGovern can fairly be seen as a pioneer. The term ‘hybrid’ is here used to indicate that all three series occupy territory somewhere between television series and serials and the supposedly extinct single play. To different extents all the works use individual ‘episodes’ that are, to varying extents, linked thematically or by common characters and locations. In this way, to use his own formulation, McGovern has been one of a very small number of writers to be able to effectively reintroduce the single play to British television under the guise of a series and this chapter examines the significance of such a trajectory.

Just as every undertaking has a cost and a benefit associated with it, so does a cloud service. The cost of a cloud service and the price you pay for it are assessed using various pricing schemes, known as price models. Price models categorized as utility, service, performance and marketing oriented models are discussed.To offset the price you pay for the cloud service, you need to realize a commensurate benefit. That benefit is assessed by considering value models related to cloud computing. Seven value models are considered: (1) operating expense, (2) user demand flexibility, (3) price flexibility, (4) agility for time to market, (5) location flexibility, (6) asset optimization, and (7) profit margin.A more objective approach to assessing the value of cloud computing using financial metrics is considered. Four common financial metrics for evaluating investment in a cloud service are assessed: payback method, net present value (NPV), return on investment (ROI), and time to market (TTM).

In 1867, Cameron photographed Governor Eyre of Jamaica and his chief defender, Thomas Carlyle, and exhibited these portraits at her German Gallery exhibition of 1868. At the same time, she rushed last minute prints into the exhibition that depicted refugees from the war in Abyssinia, re-enacting scenes of violence and aggression. This chapter links together the Jamaican insurrection and the Abyssinian War, while connecting her financial patron, Lord Overstone, and her nephew, Valentine Prinsep, in relation to the racism that dominated popular constructions of Africans who had been sent forcibly to Jamaica or who occupied desirable land that abutted the Red Sea. The chapter also analyzes these events in relation to her portraits of disguised English Orientalists who infiltrated colonial lands on behalf of the Empire. By uncovering Cameron’s reliance on cartoons from Punch to help her narrate these contentious debates visually, this chapter argues that Cameron created ambivalent and hybrid works: On the one hand, she celebrated imperial power and visualized its success in subjugating other peoples of the world, and on the other, she challenged the presumed superiority of the colonial condition, undermining its authority.

With the view that crossing a border is a transformative experience, this chapter provides groundwork for the rest of the study and focuses on collective narratives of movement, specifically at ways they create new communities, break down borders, and upset Southern identities. This chapter is the most expansive in examining various types of texts. Looking at personal narratives, visual arts including work by Jacob Lawrence, Aaron Douglas, and Dorothea Lange, literary texts by writers including Frances E.W. Harper, Wilma Mankiller, William Attaway, and Harriette Arnow, and articles and advertising from newspapers such as the Chicago Defender, the chapter focuses on the hybrid identities created in and by Southern Border Crossing Narratives and examines the Border Crossing Narrative as a site of confrontation and struggle, as not only a narrative that can be created and maintained, but also one that others can attempt to control.