Anne Curry
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199608638
- eISBN:
- 9780191731754
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608638.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The Hundred Years War offers an opportunity to consider strategy in the context of medieval European warfare in general, while also considering the specifics of the Anglo‐French conflict of the ...
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The Hundred Years War offers an opportunity to consider strategy in the context of medieval European warfare in general, while also considering the specifics of the Anglo‐French conflict of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Between 1337 and 1453, English armies invaded and occupied France with the ostensible aim of enforcing the English kings' claim to the French throne. In Chapter 4, Anne Curry explains why certain strategies were chosen at particular points, noting that strategic decisions in medieval warfare often appeared to result from personal choices by kings and princes at particular moments in time, with little attention to theory or to ‘lessons of history’. Throughout the period, rulers and commanders viewed warfare not simply as action against armies, with the ultimate goal of prevailing in battle. Instead, they also sought to demoralize the population, reduce economic sustainability, and weaken political authority through shifting alliances with continental rulers.Less
The Hundred Years War offers an opportunity to consider strategy in the context of medieval European warfare in general, while also considering the specifics of the Anglo‐French conflict of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Between 1337 and 1453, English armies invaded and occupied France with the ostensible aim of enforcing the English kings' claim to the French throne. In Chapter 4, Anne Curry explains why certain strategies were chosen at particular points, noting that strategic decisions in medieval warfare often appeared to result from personal choices by kings and princes at particular moments in time, with little attention to theory or to ‘lessons of history’. Throughout the period, rulers and commanders viewed warfare not simply as action against armies, with the ultimate goal of prevailing in battle. Instead, they also sought to demoralize the population, reduce economic sustainability, and weaken political authority through shifting alliances with continental rulers.
Malcolm Vale
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206200
- eISBN:
- 9780191677014
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206200.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, Military History
In this study of Anglo-French relations in the century before the Hundred Years War, the text examines the legacy of continental rule bequeathed by the Angevin kings of England to their Plantagenet ...
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In this study of Anglo-French relations in the century before the Hundred Years War, the text examines the legacy of continental rule bequeathed by the Angevin kings of England to their Plantagenet successors. The book explores the sources of Anglo-French tension which ultimately led to the breakdown of feudal and diplomatic relations between the two greatest powers in western Europe.Less
In this study of Anglo-French relations in the century before the Hundred Years War, the text examines the legacy of continental rule bequeathed by the Angevin kings of England to their Plantagenet successors. The book explores the sources of Anglo-French tension which ultimately led to the breakdown of feudal and diplomatic relations between the two greatest powers in western Europe.
Sheila Delany
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195109887
- eISBN:
- 9780199855216
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195109887.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This book breaks important ground in 15th-century scholarship, a critical site of cultural study. The book examines the work of English Augustinian friar Osbern Bokenham, and explores the relations ...
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This book breaks important ground in 15th-century scholarship, a critical site of cultural study. The book examines the work of English Augustinian friar Osbern Bokenham, and explores the relations of history and literature in this particularly turbulent period in English history, beginning with The Wars of the Roses and moving on to the Hundred Years War. The book examines the first collection of all female saints' lives in any language: Legends of Holy Women composed by Bokenham between 1443 and 1447. The book is organized around the image of the body—a medieval procedure becoming popular once again in current attention to the social construction of the body. One emphasis is Bokenham's relation to the body of English literature, particularly Chaucer, the symbolic head of the 15th century. Another emphasis is a focus on the genre of saints' lives, particularly female saints' lives, with their striking use of the body of the saint to generate meaning. Finally, the image of the body politic, the controlling image of medieval political thought is given, and Bokenham's means to examine the political and dynastic crises of 15th-century England. The book uses these three major concerns to explain the literary innovation of Bokenham's Legend, and the larger and political importance of that innovation.Less
This book breaks important ground in 15th-century scholarship, a critical site of cultural study. The book examines the work of English Augustinian friar Osbern Bokenham, and explores the relations of history and literature in this particularly turbulent period in English history, beginning with The Wars of the Roses and moving on to the Hundred Years War. The book examines the first collection of all female saints' lives in any language: Legends of Holy Women composed by Bokenham between 1443 and 1447. The book is organized around the image of the body—a medieval procedure becoming popular once again in current attention to the social construction of the body. One emphasis is Bokenham's relation to the body of English literature, particularly Chaucer, the symbolic head of the 15th century. Another emphasis is a focus on the genre of saints' lives, particularly female saints' lives, with their striking use of the body of the saint to generate meaning. Finally, the image of the body politic, the controlling image of medieval political thought is given, and Bokenham's means to examine the political and dynastic crises of 15th-century England. The book uses these three major concerns to explain the literary innovation of Bokenham's Legend, and the larger and political importance of that innovation.
William Chester Jordan
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164953
- eISBN:
- 9781400866397
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164953.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History
This chapter discusses how the recourse to exile entered a crisis during the mid-fourteenth century. It suggests that forces conspired to bring the system of extra-regnal abjuration between England ...
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This chapter discusses how the recourse to exile entered a crisis during the mid-fourteenth century. It suggests that forces conspired to bring the system of extra-regnal abjuration between England and France almost to an end by the close of the Hundred Years' War. In the first place, such deportations were tantamount to acts of belligerency during the war. The exiles and potential exiles, felons all, were also volunteering for and being recruited to England's armies for the sake of pardons and then demobilized in France during the truces. Fear of Englishmen among the French population rose to an intensity not matched or exceeded until the aggressive and lethal rivalries of the Napoleonic era.Less
This chapter discusses how the recourse to exile entered a crisis during the mid-fourteenth century. It suggests that forces conspired to bring the system of extra-regnal abjuration between England and France almost to an end by the close of the Hundred Years' War. In the first place, such deportations were tantamount to acts of belligerency during the war. The exiles and potential exiles, felons all, were also volunteering for and being recruited to England's armies for the sake of pardons and then demobilized in France during the truces. Fear of Englishmen among the French population rose to an intensity not matched or exceeded until the aggressive and lethal rivalries of the Napoleonic era.
Adam J. Kosto
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199651702
- eISBN:
- 9780191741999
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199651702.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter begins the investigation into the diversification of hostageship after the year 1000. The most striking change is the reappearance of female hostages. Only a handful of examples survive ...
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This chapter begins the investigation into the diversification of hostageship after the year 1000. The most striking change is the reappearance of female hostages. Only a handful of examples survive from Late Antiquity and fewer still from the eighth to the tenth centuries; by 1200 they are routine. The appearance of female hostages marks a shift of hostageship out of the framework of family and alliance that predominated in the early Middle Ages and into one that was at once more de-individualized, commercialized, and bureaucratic. The chapter examines how hostages become important not as individuals, but as representatives of larger groups; how they developed new roles in the conduct of warfare, particularly concerning ransom and conditional respite; and finally how they spread from the realm of war, politics, and diplomacy into the world of financial transactions.Less
This chapter begins the investigation into the diversification of hostageship after the year 1000. The most striking change is the reappearance of female hostages. Only a handful of examples survive from Late Antiquity and fewer still from the eighth to the tenth centuries; by 1200 they are routine. The appearance of female hostages marks a shift of hostageship out of the framework of family and alliance that predominated in the early Middle Ages and into one that was at once more de-individualized, commercialized, and bureaucratic. The chapter examines how hostages become important not as individuals, but as representatives of larger groups; how they developed new roles in the conduct of warfare, particularly concerning ransom and conditional respite; and finally how they spread from the realm of war, politics, and diplomacy into the world of financial transactions.
Malcolm Vale
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206200
- eISBN:
- 9780191677014
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206200.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, Military History
The importance of England's links with the continent of Europe during the Middle Ages is undeniable. Tensions were developing between England and its closest continental neighbour which were in the ...
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The importance of England's links with the continent of Europe during the Middle Ages is undeniable. Tensions were developing between England and its closest continental neighbour which were in the long term to lead towards sharper cultural divergence and greater political insularity. The chapter also focuses on a certain dissatisfaction with existing explanations of Anglo-French conflict in the later Middle Ages. The origins of the Hundred Years War have normally been sought in the specific political and tenurial relationship established between the ruling houses of England and France in 1259. The emergence of national sentiment as a political force was more probably a result of than a cause of the war. Political and institutional divergence was not yet accompanied by cultural distinctiveness among their articulate elites and ruling classes.Less
The importance of England's links with the continent of Europe during the Middle Ages is undeniable. Tensions were developing between England and its closest continental neighbour which were in the long term to lead towards sharper cultural divergence and greater political insularity. The chapter also focuses on a certain dissatisfaction with existing explanations of Anglo-French conflict in the later Middle Ages. The origins of the Hundred Years War have normally been sought in the specific political and tenurial relationship established between the ruling houses of England and France in 1259. The emergence of national sentiment as a political force was more probably a result of than a cause of the war. Political and institutional divergence was not yet accompanied by cultural distinctiveness among their articulate elites and ruling classes.
Bridget Morris (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195166262
- eISBN:
- 9780199868223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195166262.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Book IV includes private devotions, meditations, and autobiographical details, with many images drawn from St. Birgitta's own domestic world. Many of the important revelations deal with justice, ...
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Book IV includes private devotions, meditations, and autobiographical details, with many images drawn from St. Birgitta's own domestic world. Many of the important revelations deal with justice, judgment, and the law, and there are graphic depictions of purgatory that later became popular in 15th-century England. There are political messages addressed to individuals, including comments proposing a solution for the Hundred Years' War. There are continued attacks on the lapsed and laxity of the church, and there are concerns about the state of Rome. The last fourteen revelations in Book IV form a separate tract, known as the Tractatus revelacionum beate Birgitte ad sacerdotes ad summos pontifices (Tract of the Revelations of St. Birgitta on the Subject of Priests and Popes), which gathers together comments on individual contemporary popes during their residence in Avignon.Less
Book IV includes private devotions, meditations, and autobiographical details, with many images drawn from St. Birgitta's own domestic world. Many of the important revelations deal with justice, judgment, and the law, and there are graphic depictions of purgatory that later became popular in 15th-century England. There are political messages addressed to individuals, including comments proposing a solution for the Hundred Years' War. There are continued attacks on the lapsed and laxity of the church, and there are concerns about the state of Rome. The last fourteen revelations in Book IV form a separate tract, known as the Tractatus revelacionum beate Birgitte ad sacerdotes ad summos pontifices (Tract of the Revelations of St. Birgitta on the Subject of Priests and Popes), which gathers together comments on individual contemporary popes during their residence in Avignon.
Barbara Bombi
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198729150
- eISBN:
- 9780191795879
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198729150.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, Political History
When questioning how far political change and conflict affected the growth of diplomatic and administrative practices in late Medieval Europe, and how human agency contributed to bureaucratic ...
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When questioning how far political change and conflict affected the growth of diplomatic and administrative practices in late Medieval Europe, and how human agency contributed to bureaucratic reforms, especially with regard to record-keeping, the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War in 1337 ought to be considered as a major turning-point. This chapter specifically focuses on Pope Benedict XII (1334–42) to see how the outbreak of the conflict between England and France impacted on Anglo-papal diplomatic discourse and practice during his pontificate. First, it addresses the Anglo-papal diplomatic relations in the period 1335–42. Second, it focuses on the chancery records of the English crown, especially the Roman rolls and the so-called Treaty rolls, which enroll most of the diplomatic correspondence exchanged between England, the papal curia, the Empire, and France in the 1330s, as well as other diplomatic documents. These records will be investigated to question how diplomatic and administrative practices provided a satisfactory means to inform the diplomatic discourse between England and the papacy, especially within the political milieu that characterized the first few years of the Anglo-French conflict, itself notoriously subject to sudden changes of alliances.Less
When questioning how far political change and conflict affected the growth of diplomatic and administrative practices in late Medieval Europe, and how human agency contributed to bureaucratic reforms, especially with regard to record-keeping, the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War in 1337 ought to be considered as a major turning-point. This chapter specifically focuses on Pope Benedict XII (1334–42) to see how the outbreak of the conflict between England and France impacted on Anglo-papal diplomatic discourse and practice during his pontificate. First, it addresses the Anglo-papal diplomatic relations in the period 1335–42. Second, it focuses on the chancery records of the English crown, especially the Roman rolls and the so-called Treaty rolls, which enroll most of the diplomatic correspondence exchanged between England, the papal curia, the Empire, and France in the 1330s, as well as other diplomatic documents. These records will be investigated to question how diplomatic and administrative practices provided a satisfactory means to inform the diplomatic discourse between England and the papacy, especially within the political milieu that characterized the first few years of the Anglo-French conflict, itself notoriously subject to sudden changes of alliances.
D. A. L. Morgan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199285464
- eISBN:
- 9780191700330
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199285464.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
From the late 13th century, with gathering momentum in the early 14th, many parts of Latin Christendom experienced a marked upsurge in eremitical inclinations, which gained realization in ways of ...
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From the late 13th century, with gathering momentum in the early 14th, many parts of Latin Christendom experienced a marked upsurge in eremitical inclinations, which gained realization in ways of life offered by a range of religious orders both new and established: Paulines in Hungary, Celestines in central Italy and France, Olivetans in Tuscany, Jeronimites a little later in Spain, and not least the Carthusians. From the initial nucleus in the western Alps, the Carthusians during their first century had established some thirty houses, widening their network gradually further afield by attracting princely patronage to include 60 houses by the end of their second century. From the 1280s the Order generated a phenomenal expansion: ninety-one foundations in the course of its third century with a further sixty-seven from the 1380s, bringing the total of extant houses in 1520 to 194. The most intense phase of expansion came in the second quarter of the 14th century, with at least one new house founded almost each year. This chapter discusses patronage of the Carthusians as a somewhat paradoxical expression of cosmopolitan culture and identity during the Hundred Years War between England and France.Less
From the late 13th century, with gathering momentum in the early 14th, many parts of Latin Christendom experienced a marked upsurge in eremitical inclinations, which gained realization in ways of life offered by a range of religious orders both new and established: Paulines in Hungary, Celestines in central Italy and France, Olivetans in Tuscany, Jeronimites a little later in Spain, and not least the Carthusians. From the initial nucleus in the western Alps, the Carthusians during their first century had established some thirty houses, widening their network gradually further afield by attracting princely patronage to include 60 houses by the end of their second century. From the 1280s the Order generated a phenomenal expansion: ninety-one foundations in the course of its third century with a further sixty-seven from the 1380s, bringing the total of extant houses in 1520 to 194. The most intense phase of expansion came in the second quarter of the 14th century, with at least one new house founded almost each year. This chapter discusses patronage of the Carthusians as a somewhat paradoxical expression of cosmopolitan culture and identity during the Hundred Years War between England and France.
Ardis Butterfield
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199574865
- eISBN:
- 9780191722127
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574865.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature, European Literature
The Familiar Enemy re‐examines the linguistic, literary, and cultural identities of England and France within the context of the Hundred Years War. During this war, two highly ...
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The Familiar Enemy re‐examines the linguistic, literary, and cultural identities of England and France within the context of the Hundred Years War. During this war, two highly intertwined peoples developed complex strategies for expressing their aggressively intimate relationship. The special connection between the English and the French has endured into the modern period as a model for Western nationhood. This book reassesses the concept of ‘nation’ in this period through a wide‐ranging discussion of writing produced in war, truce or exile from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century, concluding with reflections on the retrospective views of this time of war created by the trials of Jeanne d'Arc and by Shakespeare's Henry V. It considers works and authors writing in French, ‘Anglo‐Norman’, and in English, in England and on the continent, with attention to the tradition of comic Anglo‐French jargon (a kind of medieval franglais), to Machaut, Deschamps, Froissart, Chaucer, Gower, Charles d'Orléans and many lesser‐known or anonymous works. Chaucer traditionally has been seen as a quintessentially English author. This book argues that he needs to be resituated within the deeply francophone context, not only of England but the wider multilingual cultural geography of medieval Europe. It thus argues that a modern understanding of what ‘English’ might have meant in the fourteenth century cannot be separated from ‘French’, and that this has far‐reaching implications both for our understanding of English and the English, and of French and the French.Less
The Familiar Enemy re‐examines the linguistic, literary, and cultural identities of England and France within the context of the Hundred Years War. During this war, two highly intertwined peoples developed complex strategies for expressing their aggressively intimate relationship. The special connection between the English and the French has endured into the modern period as a model for Western nationhood. This book reassesses the concept of ‘nation’ in this period through a wide‐ranging discussion of writing produced in war, truce or exile from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century, concluding with reflections on the retrospective views of this time of war created by the trials of Jeanne d'Arc and by Shakespeare's Henry V. It considers works and authors writing in French, ‘Anglo‐Norman’, and in English, in England and on the continent, with attention to the tradition of comic Anglo‐French jargon (a kind of medieval franglais), to Machaut, Deschamps, Froissart, Chaucer, Gower, Charles d'Orléans and many lesser‐known or anonymous works. Chaucer traditionally has been seen as a quintessentially English author. This book argues that he needs to be resituated within the deeply francophone context, not only of England but the wider multilingual cultural geography of medieval Europe. It thus argues that a modern understanding of what ‘English’ might have meant in the fourteenth century cannot be separated from ‘French’, and that this has far‐reaching implications both for our understanding of English and the English, and of French and the French.
Thorlac Turville-Petre
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198122791
- eISBN:
- 9780191671548
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198122791.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This book pays attention to the earlier fourteenth century in England as a literary period in its own right. It surveys the wide range of writings by the generation before Geoffrey Chaucer, and ...
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This book pays attention to the earlier fourteenth century in England as a literary period in its own right. It surveys the wide range of writings by the generation before Geoffrey Chaucer, and explores how English writers in the half-century leading up to the outbreak of the Hundred Years War expressed their concepts of England as a nation, and how they exploited the association between nation, people, and language. At the centre of this work is a study of the construction of national identity that takes place in the histories written in English. The contributions of romances and saints' lives to an awareness of the nation's past are also considered, as is the question of how writers were able to reconcile their sense of regional identity with commitment to the nation. A final chapter explores the interrelationship between England's three languages, Latin, French and English, at a time when English was attaining the status of the national language. Middle English quotations are translated into modern English throughout.Less
This book pays attention to the earlier fourteenth century in England as a literary period in its own right. It surveys the wide range of writings by the generation before Geoffrey Chaucer, and explores how English writers in the half-century leading up to the outbreak of the Hundred Years War expressed their concepts of England as a nation, and how they exploited the association between nation, people, and language. At the centre of this work is a study of the construction of national identity that takes place in the histories written in English. The contributions of romances and saints' lives to an awareness of the nation's past are also considered, as is the question of how writers were able to reconcile their sense of regional identity with commitment to the nation. A final chapter explores the interrelationship between England's three languages, Latin, French and English, at a time when English was attaining the status of the national language. Middle English quotations are translated into modern English throughout.
Bridget Morris (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195166262
- eISBN:
- 9780199868223
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195166262.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This is the second volume of the translation of the Revelations of St. Birgitta of Sweden. It contains Book IV and Book V, the so-called Liber Quaestionum (The Book of Questions). Book IV includes ...
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This is the second volume of the translation of the Revelations of St. Birgitta of Sweden. It contains Book IV and Book V, the so-called Liber Quaestionum (The Book of Questions). Book IV includes some of the saint's most influential visions, especially those on the subject of the papacy, purgatory, and the Hundred Years' War. Book V takes the form of a learned dialogue between Christ and a monk standing on a ladder fixed between heaven and earth. The argument centers on the way in which God's providence is constantly misunderstood and rejected by self-centered humans; and it ranges over a number of theological issues, such as the created order of the world, justice, Christology, and the Incarnation.Less
This is the second volume of the translation of the Revelations of St. Birgitta of Sweden. It contains Book IV and Book V, the so-called Liber Quaestionum (The Book of Questions). Book IV includes some of the saint's most influential visions, especially those on the subject of the papacy, purgatory, and the Hundred Years' War. Book V takes the form of a learned dialogue between Christ and a monk standing on a ladder fixed between heaven and earth. The argument centers on the way in which God's providence is constantly misunderstood and rejected by self-centered humans; and it ranges over a number of theological issues, such as the created order of the world, justice, Christology, and the Incarnation.
Steven Gunn, David Grummitt, and Hans Cools
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199207503
- eISBN:
- 9780191708848
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207503.003.001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter introduces the debate on war and state formation in early modern Europe, and describes the societies and governments of Tudor England and the Habsburg Netherlands. It analyses the ...
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This chapter introduces the debate on war and state formation in early modern Europe, and describes the societies and governments of Tudor England and the Habsburg Netherlands. It analyses the legacies of the Hundred Years War and the Wars of the Roses for England, and the formation of the Burgundian state for the Netherlands. It briefly narrates the reigns, wars, and peace treaties of the period 1477-1559. In these, England and the Netherlands both repeatedly fought France, but other polities such as Scotland, Guelders, and the German Protestant principalities, and other peoples such as the Gaelic Irish and the Frisians were drawn into a web of dynastic warfare, civil wars, and rebellions.Less
This chapter introduces the debate on war and state formation in early modern Europe, and describes the societies and governments of Tudor England and the Habsburg Netherlands. It analyses the legacies of the Hundred Years War and the Wars of the Roses for England, and the formation of the Burgundian state for the Netherlands. It briefly narrates the reigns, wars, and peace treaties of the period 1477-1559. In these, England and the Netherlands both repeatedly fought France, but other polities such as Scotland, Guelders, and the German Protestant principalities, and other peoples such as the Gaelic Irish and the Frisians were drawn into a web of dynastic warfare, civil wars, and rebellions.
Ardis Butterfield
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199574865
- eISBN:
- 9780191722127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574865.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature, European Literature
The book concludes with the two most celebrated symbols of Anglo‐French nation‐building, Jeanne d'Arc and Shakespeare's Henry V. Jeanne's story occurs in the last stages of the Hundred Years War, in ...
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The book concludes with the two most celebrated symbols of Anglo‐French nation‐building, Jeanne d'Arc and Shakespeare's Henry V. Jeanne's story occurs in the last stages of the Hundred Years War, in a period where early modern historians have conventionally sought to locate the birth of nationhood. Reclaimed repeatedly for different ideological ends, her case exemplifies the contortions and contradictions of nationalist assertion. Shakespeare acts with analogous power to articulate a drama of nation that has proved infinitely appropriable to modern histories of English and Englishness. Just as Chaucer has been used retrospectively to create an incipient Englishness well before its time, so Shakespeare's French Catherine has served as a type of subservient Frenchness to an inflated English patriotism. Yet in both writers we see a long history of creative linguistic friction that bears witness to the contrariness of the categories of ‘English’ and ‘French’ in the medieval period.Less
The book concludes with the two most celebrated symbols of Anglo‐French nation‐building, Jeanne d'Arc and Shakespeare's Henry V. Jeanne's story occurs in the last stages of the Hundred Years War, in a period where early modern historians have conventionally sought to locate the birth of nationhood. Reclaimed repeatedly for different ideological ends, her case exemplifies the contortions and contradictions of nationalist assertion. Shakespeare acts with analogous power to articulate a drama of nation that has proved infinitely appropriable to modern histories of English and Englishness. Just as Chaucer has been used retrospectively to create an incipient Englishness well before its time, so Shakespeare's French Catherine has served as a type of subservient Frenchness to an inflated English patriotism. Yet in both writers we see a long history of creative linguistic friction that bears witness to the contrariness of the categories of ‘English’ and ‘French’ in the medieval period.
William Chester Jordan
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164953
- eISBN:
- 9781400866397
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164953.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History
At the height of the Middle Ages, a peculiar system of perpetual exile— or abjuration—flourished in western Europe. It was a judicial form of exile, not political or religious, and it was meted out ...
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At the height of the Middle Ages, a peculiar system of perpetual exile— or abjuration—flourished in western Europe. It was a judicial form of exile, not political or religious, and it was meted out to felons for crimes deserving of severe corporal punishment or death. This book explores the lives of these men and women who were condemned to abjure the English realm, and draws on their unique experiences to shed light on a medieval legal tradition until now very poorly understood. The book weaves an historical tapestry, examining the judicial and administrative processes that led to the abjuration of more than seventy-five thousand English subjects, and recounting the astonishing journeys of the exiles themselves. Some were innocents caught up in tragic circumstances, but many were hardened criminals. Almost every English exile departed from the port of Dover, many bound for the same French village, a place called Wissant. The book vividly describes what happened when the felons got there, and tells the stories of the few who managed to return to England, either illegally or through pardons. The book provides new insights into a fundamental pillar of medieval English law and shows how it collapsed amid the bloodshed of the Hundred Years' War.Less
At the height of the Middle Ages, a peculiar system of perpetual exile— or abjuration—flourished in western Europe. It was a judicial form of exile, not political or religious, and it was meted out to felons for crimes deserving of severe corporal punishment or death. This book explores the lives of these men and women who were condemned to abjure the English realm, and draws on their unique experiences to shed light on a medieval legal tradition until now very poorly understood. The book weaves an historical tapestry, examining the judicial and administrative processes that led to the abjuration of more than seventy-five thousand English subjects, and recounting the astonishing journeys of the exiles themselves. Some were innocents caught up in tragic circumstances, but many were hardened criminals. Almost every English exile departed from the port of Dover, many bound for the same French village, a place called Wissant. The book vividly describes what happened when the felons got there, and tells the stories of the few who managed to return to England, either illegally or through pardons. The book provides new insights into a fundamental pillar of medieval English law and shows how it collapsed amid the bloodshed of the Hundred Years' War.
Theodor Meron
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198258117
- eISBN:
- 9780191681790
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198258117.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
Although the conflict evident in the Hundred Years War between France and England may have been related to the Realpolitik aspirations of both parties, the conflict fundamentally involved a dispute ...
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Although the conflict evident in the Hundred Years War between France and England may have been related to the Realpolitik aspirations of both parties, the conflict fundamentally involved a dispute for rights. During Henry V's term, legalism in negotiations which involved both the state councils, and propaganda reached its peak and was not merely about issues concerning marriage, dowries, territories, and other such issues, as Henry could have easily obtained a generous dowry. Although the French Ambassador may have appealed to the Henry's Chancellor Beaufort, Henry's French inheritance made compromise efforts difficult if not completely impossible, so that the war could not be stopped easily. Looking into earlier events, though, exposes how the royal courts of both England and France had already made attempts to achieve positions in law and were able to gain authority to express their claims regarding legal principle.Less
Although the conflict evident in the Hundred Years War between France and England may have been related to the Realpolitik aspirations of both parties, the conflict fundamentally involved a dispute for rights. During Henry V's term, legalism in negotiations which involved both the state councils, and propaganda reached its peak and was not merely about issues concerning marriage, dowries, territories, and other such issues, as Henry could have easily obtained a generous dowry. Although the French Ambassador may have appealed to the Henry's Chancellor Beaufort, Henry's French inheritance made compromise efforts difficult if not completely impossible, so that the war could not be stopped easily. Looking into earlier events, though, exposes how the royal courts of both England and France had already made attempts to achieve positions in law and were able to gain authority to express their claims regarding legal principle.
John Watkins
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501707575
- eISBN:
- 9781501708527
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501707575.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This chapter discusses the earliest stages of the decline of marriage diplomacy by focusing on the most important marriage treaty during the Reformation: the 1559 Peace of Cateau–Cambrésis, which ...
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This chapter discusses the earliest stages of the decline of marriage diplomacy by focusing on the most important marriage treaty during the Reformation: the 1559 Peace of Cateau–Cambrésis, which ended more than a half century of war between France and Spain. That war and its eventual resolution looked like a replay of the later phases of the Hundred Years War of 1337–1453. Proponents of the treaty used the new medium of print to interpret Philip II's marriage to Elizabeth de Valois according to the centuries-old discourse of Virgilian peacemaking. The chapter also examines changes in religion and the dissemination of diplomatic literacy to an expanding political nation whose interests diverged from those of ruling dynasts. It concludes by showing how diplomats and heads of state availed themselves of several marriage treaties in their efforts to end the Hundred Years War.Less
This chapter discusses the earliest stages of the decline of marriage diplomacy by focusing on the most important marriage treaty during the Reformation: the 1559 Peace of Cateau–Cambrésis, which ended more than a half century of war between France and Spain. That war and its eventual resolution looked like a replay of the later phases of the Hundred Years War of 1337–1453. Proponents of the treaty used the new medium of print to interpret Philip II's marriage to Elizabeth de Valois according to the centuries-old discourse of Virgilian peacemaking. The chapter also examines changes in religion and the dissemination of diplomatic literacy to an expanding political nation whose interests diverged from those of ruling dynasts. It concludes by showing how diplomats and heads of state availed themselves of several marriage treaties in their efforts to end the Hundred Years War.
Adrian R. Bell, Anne Curry, Andy King, and David Simpkin
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199680825
- eISBN:
- 9780191761003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680825.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, Military History
This chapter considers the military service of knights in the Hundred Years War; their commitment to warfare; how often they fought; how long careers in arms were; why they served; their variety of ...
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This chapter considers the military service of knights in the Hundred Years War; their commitment to warfare; how often they fought; how long careers in arms were; why they served; their variety of service (land expeditions, naval service, garrison service). What was their place in the military retinue? How militarized were they as a group? What proportion of the knightly class served in warfare? Did they serve continuously or occasionally? Can they be described as professional? We also question whether they became demilitarized during our period. Was military service linked to the knight’s position and were men knighted as a result of military service? We describe their function in English armies as men-at-arms, their leadership roles, and their recruitment roleLess
This chapter considers the military service of knights in the Hundred Years War; their commitment to warfare; how often they fought; how long careers in arms were; why they served; their variety of service (land expeditions, naval service, garrison service). What was their place in the military retinue? How militarized were they as a group? What proportion of the knightly class served in warfare? Did they serve continuously or occasionally? Can they be described as professional? We also question whether they became demilitarized during our period. Was military service linked to the knight’s position and were men knighted as a result of military service? We describe their function in English armies as men-at-arms, their leadership roles, and their recruitment role
Adrian R. Bell, Anne Curry, Andy King, and David Simpkin
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199680825
- eISBN:
- 9780191761003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680825.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, Military History
This chapter examines the geographical origins of Hundred Years War soldiers more systematically. First it examines whether military recruitment occurred across the whole of England and Wales, and ...
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This chapter examines the geographical origins of Hundred Years War soldiers more systematically. First it examines whether military recruitment occurred across the whole of England and Wales, and whether particular areas provided a disproportionate number of soldiers; additionally, whether men from certain regions tended to serve in particular theatres. In the second part, the evidence of soldiers from outside England and Wales is investigated. These soldiers were recruits from other dominions of the crown, such as Ireland and Gascony, as well as local men recruited to serve within their own war theatres, such as in Brittany and Normandy, and soldiers who came from other parts of Europe. Can we detect a deliberate policy of ‘overseas’ recruitment to boost troops raised within England and Wales?Less
This chapter examines the geographical origins of Hundred Years War soldiers more systematically. First it examines whether military recruitment occurred across the whole of England and Wales, and whether particular areas provided a disproportionate number of soldiers; additionally, whether men from certain regions tended to serve in particular theatres. In the second part, the evidence of soldiers from outside England and Wales is investigated. These soldiers were recruits from other dominions of the crown, such as Ireland and Gascony, as well as local men recruited to serve within their own war theatres, such as in Brittany and Normandy, and soldiers who came from other parts of Europe. Can we detect a deliberate policy of ‘overseas’ recruitment to boost troops raised within England and Wales?
Roger B. Manning
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261499
- eISBN:
- 9780191718625
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261499.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
A profound alteration of England’s foreign and military policies in 1689 led to a century and more of global warfare with France which ended only in 1815. This reorientation of British priorities was ...
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A profound alteration of England’s foreign and military policies in 1689 led to a century and more of global warfare with France which ended only in 1815. This reorientation of British priorities was accomplished not by the Glorious or bloodless Revolution of Whig mythology, but by a Dutch invasion of England resulting from the largest joint military and naval amphibious operation ever launched in early modern Europe. The decision to declare the throne of England vacant and to offer the crown to William III, prince of Orange, and thus commit England to a mainland war, was taken by the Convention Parliament while London was under Dutch military occupation. James II, whose courage had been so resolute in earlier military and naval battles, lost heart as his senior officers deserted, and he and his army never offered resistance.Less
A profound alteration of England’s foreign and military policies in 1689 led to a century and more of global warfare with France which ended only in 1815. This reorientation of British priorities was accomplished not by the Glorious or bloodless Revolution of Whig mythology, but by a Dutch invasion of England resulting from the largest joint military and naval amphibious operation ever launched in early modern Europe. The decision to declare the throne of England vacant and to offer the crown to William III, prince of Orange, and thus commit England to a mainland war, was taken by the Convention Parliament while London was under Dutch military occupation. James II, whose courage had been so resolute in earlier military and naval battles, lost heart as his senior officers deserted, and he and his army never offered resistance.
