Mark Valeri
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195390971
- eISBN:
- 9780199777099
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390971.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity, Church History
This chapter explores the mixed history of Calvin’s influence on economic mores and practices in early America. It retraces Calvin’s ideal for economic discipline over the emergent market in Geneva. ...
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This chapter explores the mixed history of Calvin’s influence on economic mores and practices in early America. It retraces Calvin’s ideal for economic discipline over the emergent market in Geneva. It shows how three different communities in colonial America transposed Calvinist ideals: Puritans in Boston, with their localized conceptions of social order; Dutch Reformed leaders in New York, with their urbane mercantile associations; and Huguenots in Charleston, with their dispersed social networks. Calvin promulgated a flexible and pragmatic approach to scripture that allowed his adherents to adapt economic instruction to the needs of their religious communities. Early American Calvinists followed this method when they transformed their teaching about commerce and the nascent market economy in the context of colonization. Throughout, this chapter challenges how the Weber thesis has been misapplied to the American context.Less
This chapter explores the mixed history of Calvin’s influence on economic mores and practices in early America. It retraces Calvin’s ideal for economic discipline over the emergent market in Geneva. It shows how three different communities in colonial America transposed Calvinist ideals: Puritans in Boston, with their localized conceptions of social order; Dutch Reformed leaders in New York, with their urbane mercantile associations; and Huguenots in Charleston, with their dispersed social networks. Calvin promulgated a flexible and pragmatic approach to scripture that allowed his adherents to adapt economic instruction to the needs of their religious communities. Early American Calvinists followed this method when they transformed their teaching about commerce and the nascent market economy in the context of colonization. Throughout, this chapter challenges how the Weber thesis has been misapplied to the American context.
Ann Thomson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199236190
- eISBN:
- 9780191717161
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199236190.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas, European Modern History
This chapter traces the circuits by which information about these English theological debates (including the works of Coward and Dodwell) reached French readers, in particular the role played by ...
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This chapter traces the circuits by which information about these English theological debates (including the works of Coward and Dodwell) reached French readers, in particular the role played by Huguenot refugees in Britain and the Netherlands and the journals they published. It also looks at how clandestine irreligious literature reflects these discussions. In addition, the role of the semi‐journalistic works of Thémiseul de Saint‐Hyacinthe and the marquis d'Argens in providing information about English intellectual life is studied. Echoes of the English debate, which are seen to be more extensive than hitherto thought, are shown to have contributed in various ways to the development of French materialistic thought. The chapter demonstrates how heterodox but not necessarily irreligious English speculation contributed to the irreligious and sometimes atheistic materialism that developed in France in the middle of the 18th century.Less
This chapter traces the circuits by which information about these English theological debates (including the works of Coward and Dodwell) reached French readers, in particular the role played by Huguenot refugees in Britain and the Netherlands and the journals they published. It also looks at how clandestine irreligious literature reflects these discussions. In addition, the role of the semi‐journalistic works of Thémiseul de Saint‐Hyacinthe and the marquis d'Argens in providing information about English intellectual life is studied. Echoes of the English debate, which are seen to be more extensive than hitherto thought, are shown to have contributed in various ways to the development of French materialistic thought. The chapter demonstrates how heterodox but not necessarily irreligious English speculation contributed to the irreligious and sometimes atheistic materialism that developed in France in the middle of the 18th century.
John McManners
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270041
- eISBN:
- 9780191600692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198270046.003.0023
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Discusses the erosion of the rights of the Calvinist minority in seventeenth‐century France, setting the scene for Church and State policy and the struggle for toleration in the eighteenth century. ...
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Discusses the erosion of the rights of the Calvinist minority in seventeenth‐century France, setting the scene for Church and State policy and the struggle for toleration in the eighteenth century. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685 was the culmination of a long process of harassment of the Huguenots and restriction of their rights. They had to face the persistent ill will of fanatical Catholics, including lawyers; the Church consistently called for harsh measures; and the crown resorted to all manner of chicanery to obtain conversions. The revocation damaged France economically and the country lost population. It bequeathed to the eighteenth century large numbers of insincere converts of Catholicism, with many remaining Protestants in their hearts and others drifting towards having no religion at all.Less
Discusses the erosion of the rights of the Calvinist minority in seventeenth‐century France, setting the scene for Church and State policy and the struggle for toleration in the eighteenth century. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685 was the culmination of a long process of harassment of the Huguenots and restriction of their rights. They had to face the persistent ill will of fanatical Catholics, including lawyers; the Church consistently called for harsh measures; and the crown resorted to all manner of chicanery to obtain conversions. The revocation damaged France economically and the country lost population. It bequeathed to the eighteenth century large numbers of insincere converts of Catholicism, with many remaining Protestants in their hearts and others drifting towards having no religion at all.
John McManners
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270041
- eISBN:
- 9780191600692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198270046.003.0024
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The Camisard revolt in the Cévennes in the early eighteenth century led not only to fierce repression of Protestantism in southern France but also to the reorganization of the clandestine Huguenot ...
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The Camisard revolt in the Cévennes in the early eighteenth century led not only to fierce repression of Protestantism in southern France but also to the reorganization of the clandestine Huguenot churches and strengthening of the faith in the period known in Protestant history as ‘the Desert’. The anti‐Huguenot edicts of Louis XIV remained in force under Louis XV, resulting in the cruel harassment of defiant Protestants and ‘new Catholics’, including the forceable removal of children from their parents to be educated as Catholics. The clandestine assemblies of Protestants were frequently broken up by the military, but as the century wore on, royal intendants withdrew their cooperation from the most fanatical of persecuting bishops. Repression and its attendant cruelties revolted public opinion, leading to a pamphlet debate in the 1750s, exacerbated by the Calas affair of 1762‐63, made famous by Voltaire. Despite the tolerant attitude of many individual curés, the Church remained firmly committed to the suppression of the Huguenots and took much of the blame for an unpopular policy.Less
The Camisard revolt in the Cévennes in the early eighteenth century led not only to fierce repression of Protestantism in southern France but also to the reorganization of the clandestine Huguenot churches and strengthening of the faith in the period known in Protestant history as ‘the Desert’. The anti‐Huguenot edicts of Louis XIV remained in force under Louis XV, resulting in the cruel harassment of defiant Protestants and ‘new Catholics’, including the forceable removal of children from their parents to be educated as Catholics. The clandestine assemblies of Protestants were frequently broken up by the military, but as the century wore on, royal intendants withdrew their cooperation from the most fanatical of persecuting bishops. Repression and its attendant cruelties revolted public opinion, leading to a pamphlet debate in the 1750s, exacerbated by the Calas affair of 1762‐63, made famous by Voltaire. Despite the tolerant attitude of many individual curés, the Church remained firmly committed to the suppression of the Huguenots and took much of the blame for an unpopular policy.
John McManners
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270041
- eISBN:
- 9780191600692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198270046.003.0026
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
By the beginning of Louis XVI's reign the Huguenots of the Desert had come to see themselves as loyal subjects of the French king, and many of the Catholic parish clergy acquiesced in a ‘patchwork ...
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By the beginning of Louis XVI's reign the Huguenots of the Desert had come to see themselves as loyal subjects of the French king, and many of the Catholic parish clergy acquiesced in a ‘patchwork pattern of edgy toleration, at the mercy of events and the vagaries of malicious or fanatical individuals’. At the beginning of his reign, Louis announced his intention to enforce the anti‐Protestant laws properly, but soon realized that this was both unpopular and impractical. The proponents of toleration, led by the parlement of Paris, gradually gained the upper hand, despite the continuing opposition of the Church establishment. The issue of civil marriage was the main bone of contention, while supporters of tolerance cited foreign examples. The royal edict of toleration in 1787 was a grudging document, maintaining Protestants as second‐class citizens and ‘did little more than end the fiction that there were no Protestants in France’.Less
By the beginning of Louis XVI's reign the Huguenots of the Desert had come to see themselves as loyal subjects of the French king, and many of the Catholic parish clergy acquiesced in a ‘patchwork pattern of edgy toleration, at the mercy of events and the vagaries of malicious or fanatical individuals’. At the beginning of his reign, Louis announced his intention to enforce the anti‐Protestant laws properly, but soon realized that this was both unpopular and impractical. The proponents of toleration, led by the parlement of Paris, gradually gained the upper hand, despite the continuing opposition of the Church establishment. The issue of civil marriage was the main bone of contention, while supporters of tolerance cited foreign examples. The royal edict of toleration in 1787 was a grudging document, maintaining Protestants as second‐class citizens and ‘did little more than end the fiction that there were no Protestants in France’.
Andre Encrévé and Calvin Tams
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199751846
- eISBN:
- 9780199914562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751846.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
Over the course of the nineteenth century both interest in and knowledge about the life and writings of Calvin increased substantially among French Protestants, for whom he was a distant, little ...
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Over the course of the nineteenth century both interest in and knowledge about the life and writings of Calvin increased substantially among French Protestants, for whom he was a distant, little understood figure in 1800. Theologically divided between liberals and evangelicals, the Protestant minority in France found common cause in the defense of Calvin’s reputation against Catholic attacks through the work of the Société de l’histoire du Protestantisme français, a meeting ground for members of the rival tendencies. Under the influence first of Emile Doumergue, then of Karl Barth, French Reformed theology became increasingly marked by Calvin’s own ideas between 1890 and 1970.Less
Over the course of the nineteenth century both interest in and knowledge about the life and writings of Calvin increased substantially among French Protestants, for whom he was a distant, little understood figure in 1800. Theologically divided between liberals and evangelicals, the Protestant minority in France found common cause in the defense of Calvin’s reputation against Catholic attacks through the work of the Société de l’histoire du Protestantisme français, a meeting ground for members of the rival tendencies. Under the influence first of Emile Doumergue, then of Karl Barth, French Reformed theology became increasingly marked by Calvin’s own ideas between 1890 and 1970.
Jonathan I. Israel
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199279227
- eISBN:
- 9780191700040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279227.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas, European Modern History
This chapter begins with a discussion of the rise and fall of a Dutch- and French-language movement of Radical Enlightenment characterized as the Spinosisten or Spinosistes. It then considers how the ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of the rise and fall of a Dutch- and French-language movement of Radical Enlightenment characterized as the Spinosisten or Spinosistes. It then considers how the intensification and broadening of the Dutch moderate mainstream extended not only to the Huguenot diaspora but also to the ‘enlightened’ Sephardic Jewish intellectual elite. Finally, it discusses the Orangist Restoration (1747–1751).Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the rise and fall of a Dutch- and French-language movement of Radical Enlightenment characterized as the Spinosisten or Spinosistes. It then considers how the intensification and broadening of the Dutch moderate mainstream extended not only to the Huguenot diaspora but also to the ‘enlightened’ Sephardic Jewish intellectual elite. Finally, it discusses the Orangist Restoration (1747–1751).
Pettegree Andrew
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201960
- eISBN:
- 9780191675102
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201960.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter discusses the French immigrants who created the community in which the Huguenots were able to integrate so painlessly. It describes the inauguration of an official French-speaking ...
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This chapter discusses the French immigrants who created the community in which the Huguenots were able to integrate so painlessly. It describes the inauguration of an official French-speaking community in London, which dates from the foundation of the French church by a royal grant of Edward VI in 1550. The bulk of the church's members came not from France but from the Netherlands. These French-speaking Netherlanders or Walloons made up two-thirds of the church's members, as of the French-speaking community in London as a whole. This chapter also describes the role played by the French community in the turbulent period of the Glorious Revolution and the role and influence it exercised in the late Stuart period.Less
This chapter discusses the French immigrants who created the community in which the Huguenots were able to integrate so painlessly. It describes the inauguration of an official French-speaking community in London, which dates from the foundation of the French church by a royal grant of Edward VI in 1550. The bulk of the church's members came not from France but from the Netherlands. These French-speaking Netherlanders or Walloons made up two-thirds of the church's members, as of the French-speaking community in London as a whole. This chapter also describes the role played by the French community in the turbulent period of the Glorious Revolution and the role and influence it exercised in the late Stuart period.
G. C. Gibbs
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201960
- eISBN:
- 9780191675102
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201960.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter emphasizes that the nonconformist church policies which were introduced at the accession of William and Mary encouraged the Huguenots, who had already settled in the Dutch Republic and ...
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This chapter emphasizes that the nonconformist church policies which were introduced at the accession of William and Mary encouraged the Huguenots, who had already settled in the Dutch Republic and Germany, to re-emigrate to England, evidently appreciating the larger measure and firmer guarantees of toleration on offer in England in the wake of the Glorious Revolution. The Huguenots, in terms of religion, were exceptionally privileged, in that they continued to enjoy as foreigners and aliens — as long as they remained members of foreign Reformed churches authorized by the Crown — exemption from the penalties of the Act of Uniformity of 1622.Less
This chapter emphasizes that the nonconformist church policies which were introduced at the accession of William and Mary encouraged the Huguenots, who had already settled in the Dutch Republic and Germany, to re-emigrate to England, evidently appreciating the larger measure and firmer guarantees of toleration on offer in England in the wake of the Glorious Revolution. The Huguenots, in terms of religion, were exceptionally privileged, in that they continued to enjoy as foreigners and aliens — as long as they remained members of foreign Reformed churches authorized by the Crown — exemption from the penalties of the Act of Uniformity of 1622.
Jill Raitt
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195075663
- eISBN:
- 9780199854783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195075663.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The Colloquy of Montbéliard was not just an example of the theological problems of the late sixteenth century but also a paradigm for the international intrigue that involved Roman Catholics, ...
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The Colloquy of Montbéliard was not just an example of the theological problems of the late sixteenth century but also a paradigm for the international intrigue that involved Roman Catholics, Huguenots, and German Lutherans in a complex net. The history of Montbéliard during the sixteenth century, its reform, and its use as a pawn by its dukes shed light upon the colloquy in 1586 and the years immediately preceding and following it.Less
The Colloquy of Montbéliard was not just an example of the theological problems of the late sixteenth century but also a paradigm for the international intrigue that involved Roman Catholics, Huguenots, and German Lutherans in a complex net. The history of Montbéliard during the sixteenth century, its reform, and its use as a pawn by its dukes shed light upon the colloquy in 1586 and the years immediately preceding and following it.
Jill Raitt
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195075663
- eISBN:
- 9780199854783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195075663.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
At the close of the colloquy, Count Frederick seemed to have been won over to the Lutheran side and continued to refuse to allow the French refugees to receive communion without first signing a ...
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At the close of the colloquy, Count Frederick seemed to have been won over to the Lutheran side and continued to refuse to allow the French refugees to receive communion without first signing a Lutheran confession. Certainly Frederick became more and more adamant about confessional unanimity in Montbéliard and expressed considerable anger at the continued request of the French refugees to follow their own confession and, when they were not allowed to do so, their migrations to Basel and elsewhere to receive the sacraments from Reformed ministers. Nevertheless, what appears to have been the larger purpose of the colloquy, namely, German support of Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots, was not lost. Frederick himself became, if anything, more active on their behalf.Less
At the close of the colloquy, Count Frederick seemed to have been won over to the Lutheran side and continued to refuse to allow the French refugees to receive communion without first signing a Lutheran confession. Certainly Frederick became more and more adamant about confessional unanimity in Montbéliard and expressed considerable anger at the continued request of the French refugees to follow their own confession and, when they were not allowed to do so, their migrations to Basel and elsewhere to receive the sacraments from Reformed ministers. Nevertheless, what appears to have been the larger purpose of the colloquy, namely, German support of Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots, was not lost. Frederick himself became, if anything, more active on their behalf.
Frank Noack
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813167008
- eISBN:
- 9780813167794
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813167008.003.0002
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter deals with Veit Harlan’s family background, the Harlans having French Huguenot roots. Walter Harlan, Veit Harlan’s father, comes from an upper-class family and is supposed to follow in ...
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This chapter deals with Veit Harlan’s family background, the Harlans having French Huguenot roots. Walter Harlan, Veit Harlan’s father, comes from an upper-class family and is supposed to follow in his banker-lawyer father’s footsteps when he quits his own law studies in order to become a poet. Adele Harlan, Veit Harlan’s mother, is the illegitimate child of a chambermaid named Rebecca Boothby, who was possibly Jewish, and an unknown father who was possibly Gypsy. The first two children by Walter and Adele Harlan are illegitimate themselves. To the young Veit Harlan, his parents’ ethnical origins are less important than the social ones. As a filmmaker, he will repeatedly portray young women who are haunted by their past and whose unhappy and poor mother died young. Despite his solid income, Walter Harlan suffers from a lack of recognition as an artist.Less
This chapter deals with Veit Harlan’s family background, the Harlans having French Huguenot roots. Walter Harlan, Veit Harlan’s father, comes from an upper-class family and is supposed to follow in his banker-lawyer father’s footsteps when he quits his own law studies in order to become a poet. Adele Harlan, Veit Harlan’s mother, is the illegitimate child of a chambermaid named Rebecca Boothby, who was possibly Jewish, and an unknown father who was possibly Gypsy. The first two children by Walter and Adele Harlan are illegitimate themselves. To the young Veit Harlan, his parents’ ethnical origins are less important than the social ones. As a filmmaker, he will repeatedly portray young women who are haunted by their past and whose unhappy and poor mother died young. Despite his solid income, Walter Harlan suffers from a lack of recognition as an artist.
Noel Malcolm
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199247141
- eISBN:
- 9780191597992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199247145.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Explores the life and mental world of one of the first recorded readers of Leviathan: Pierre de Cardonnel, whose annotated copy of the book records that it was given to him by the Earl of Devonshire ...
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Explores the life and mental world of one of the first recorded readers of Leviathan: Pierre de Cardonnel, whose annotated copy of the book records that it was given to him by the Earl of Devonshire (Hobbes's patron) in 1652. Putting together evidence from many archival sources, it offers a full picture of de Cardonnel's life in Caen, Southampton, London, and Paris, and analyses the response to the arguments of Leviathan expressed in de Cardonnel's marginal comments on it.Less
Explores the life and mental world of one of the first recorded readers of Leviathan: Pierre de Cardonnel, whose annotated copy of the book records that it was given to him by the Earl of Devonshire (Hobbes's patron) in 1652. Putting together evidence from many archival sources, it offers a full picture of de Cardonnel's life in Caen, Southampton, London, and Paris, and analyses the response to the arguments of Leviathan expressed in de Cardonnel's marginal comments on it.
Arlette Jouanna
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097553
- eISBN:
- 9781781708880
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097553.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
The Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, which began in Paris in August 1572 and later spread to numerous other French towns, was the most notorious bloodbath of its kind in early modern Europe. ...
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The Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, which began in Paris in August 1572 and later spread to numerous other French towns, was the most notorious bloodbath of its kind in early modern Europe. Occurring during the French wars of religion, the Massacre has for long encapsulated the worst features of religious violence. Over the centuries, its gruesome reputation has generated numerous conspiracy theories. This book seeks dispassionately to sift the evidence and follow where it leads, but also to understand how contemporaries came to terms with the events of 1572. It also follows the reactions of those most involved, paying particular attention to the way in which the French monarchy explained its actions to foreign rulers and how the survivors among the Protestant communities read the events in the light of their heavily biblical culture. The role of the Massacre in strengthening arguments for royal sovereignty is also explored.Less
The Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, which began in Paris in August 1572 and later spread to numerous other French towns, was the most notorious bloodbath of its kind in early modern Europe. Occurring during the French wars of religion, the Massacre has for long encapsulated the worst features of religious violence. Over the centuries, its gruesome reputation has generated numerous conspiracy theories. This book seeks dispassionately to sift the evidence and follow where it leads, but also to understand how contemporaries came to terms with the events of 1572. It also follows the reactions of those most involved, paying particular attention to the way in which the French monarchy explained its actions to foreign rulers and how the survivors among the Protestant communities read the events in the light of their heavily biblical culture. The role of the Massacre in strengthening arguments for royal sovereignty is also explored.
Tony Kushner
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719066405
- eISBN:
- 9781781704721
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719066405.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This pioneering study of migrant journeys to Britain begins with Huguenot refugees in the 1680s and continues to asylum seekers and east European workers today. Analysing the history and memory of ...
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This pioneering study of migrant journeys to Britain begins with Huguenot refugees in the 1680s and continues to asylum seekers and east European workers today. Analysing the history and memory of migrant journeys, covering not only the response of politicians and the public but also literary and artistic representations, then and now, this volume sheds new light on the nature and construction of Britishness from the early modern era onwards. It helps to explain why people come to Britain (or are denied entry) and how migrants have been viewed by state and society alike. The journeys covered vary from the famous (including the Empire Windrush in 1948) to the obscure, such as the Volga German transmigrants passing through Britain in the 1870s. While employing a broadly historical approach, the book incorporates insights from many other disciplines and employs a comparative methodology to highlight the importance of the symbolic as well as the physical nature of such journeys.Less
This pioneering study of migrant journeys to Britain begins with Huguenot refugees in the 1680s and continues to asylum seekers and east European workers today. Analysing the history and memory of migrant journeys, covering not only the response of politicians and the public but also literary and artistic representations, then and now, this volume sheds new light on the nature and construction of Britishness from the early modern era onwards. It helps to explain why people come to Britain (or are denied entry) and how migrants have been viewed by state and society alike. The journeys covered vary from the famous (including the Empire Windrush in 1948) to the obscure, such as the Volga German transmigrants passing through Britain in the 1870s. While employing a broadly historical approach, the book incorporates insights from many other disciplines and employs a comparative methodology to highlight the importance of the symbolic as well as the physical nature of such journeys.
Avi Lifschitz
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199661664
- eISBN:
- 9780191751653
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199661664.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, History of Ideas
This chapter focuses on the socio-cultural background of the language debates, mainly through a detailed exploration of a largely forgotten quarrel in Berlin of the late 1750s and early 1760s. At ...
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This chapter focuses on the socio-cultural background of the language debates, mainly through a detailed exploration of a largely forgotten quarrel in Berlin of the late 1750s and early 1760s. At stake was an ostensibly harmless stylistic guide to writing in French, the journal Préservatif contre la corruption de la langue françoise by Prémontval, the Academy member who had proposed the topic of the 1759 contest. Prémontval's periodical immediately attracted the attention of the Prussian authorities and an official threat to ban its publication. The ensuing affair exposed the social tensions and academic norms in mid-century Berlin, while highlighting the significance of language as a marker of cultural identity. Prémontval's ideas about the use of French in Berlin were taken up by German thinkers such as Michaelis and Herder, who wished to refashion linguistic and cultural values.Less
This chapter focuses on the socio-cultural background of the language debates, mainly through a detailed exploration of a largely forgotten quarrel in Berlin of the late 1750s and early 1760s. At stake was an ostensibly harmless stylistic guide to writing in French, the journal Préservatif contre la corruption de la langue françoise by Prémontval, the Academy member who had proposed the topic of the 1759 contest. Prémontval's periodical immediately attracted the attention of the Prussian authorities and an official threat to ban its publication. The ensuing affair exposed the social tensions and academic norms in mid-century Berlin, while highlighting the significance of language as a marker of cultural identity. Prémontval's ideas about the use of French in Berlin were taken up by German thinkers such as Michaelis and Herder, who wished to refashion linguistic and cultural values.
Melissa E. Sanchez
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199754755
- eISBN:
- 9780199896912
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199754755.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Shakespeare Studies, Milton Studies
Chapter Two focuses on Philip Sidney, whose use of romance frameworks to explore the concept of sovereignty would shape literary forms and political discourse for the century to come. This chapter ...
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Chapter Two focuses on Philip Sidney, whose use of romance frameworks to explore the concept of sovereignty would shape literary forms and political discourse for the century to come. This chapter reads Sidney’s The Countess of Pembroke’s Arcadia as exploring the position of English subjects who opposed many of Elizabeth’s policies even as they depended on her power. Rewriting political theory in terms of sexual desire and violence, Sidney examines the dilemmas of oppositional subjects through portraits of women who endure everything from disfigurement to death rather than betray their lovers. Like Foxe’s martyrs, these women redefine heroism even as they force their persecutors either to reform or to destroy themselves in the pursuit of power. Consequently, the hagiographic structure of the Arcadia shows that dominance and submission, like masculinity and femininity, are positions that may be occupied by either prince or subject.Less
Chapter Two focuses on Philip Sidney, whose use of romance frameworks to explore the concept of sovereignty would shape literary forms and political discourse for the century to come. This chapter reads Sidney’s The Countess of Pembroke’s Arcadia as exploring the position of English subjects who opposed many of Elizabeth’s policies even as they depended on her power. Rewriting political theory in terms of sexual desire and violence, Sidney examines the dilemmas of oppositional subjects through portraits of women who endure everything from disfigurement to death rather than betray their lovers. Like Foxe’s martyrs, these women redefine heroism even as they force their persecutors either to reform or to destroy themselves in the pursuit of power. Consequently, the hagiographic structure of the Arcadia shows that dominance and submission, like masculinity and femininity, are positions that may be occupied by either prince or subject.
Melissa E. Sanchez
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199754755
- eISBN:
- 9780199896912
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199754755.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, Shakespeare Studies, Milton Studies
Chapter Three reads Spenser’s The Faerie Queene as a study of the limitations of hagiographic resistance. Writing in a period of increasingly pronounced absolutist discourse, Spenser questions ...
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Chapter Three reads Spenser’s The Faerie Queene as a study of the limitations of hagiographic resistance. Writing in a period of increasingly pronounced absolutist discourse, Spenser questions whether subjects are psychologically capable of practicing the principled opposition that writers like Foxe and Sidney advocated. The 1596 edition of The Faerie Queene insists that individual motives and desires are often conflicted and indiscernible, even to one’s own self. By stressing the impenetrability of erotic choices, Spenser explores the grim possibility that subjects may wilfully confuse the internal force of their own perverse passions with the external compulsion of the ruler. They may therefore find themselves colluding with tyranny despite their best conscious intentions.Less
Chapter Three reads Spenser’s The Faerie Queene as a study of the limitations of hagiographic resistance. Writing in a period of increasingly pronounced absolutist discourse, Spenser questions whether subjects are psychologically capable of practicing the principled opposition that writers like Foxe and Sidney advocated. The 1596 edition of The Faerie Queene insists that individual motives and desires are often conflicted and indiscernible, even to one’s own self. By stressing the impenetrability of erotic choices, Spenser explores the grim possibility that subjects may wilfully confuse the internal force of their own perverse passions with the external compulsion of the ruler. They may therefore find themselves colluding with tyranny despite their best conscious intentions.
Marc Bizer
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199731565
- eISBN:
- 9780199918478
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199731565.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter demonstrates how the Catholic Burgundian parliamentarian Jean Begat used Homer to justify the idea of a single ruler whose subjects practice only one religion, later quoting Homer in ...
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This chapter demonstrates how the Catholic Burgundian parliamentarian Jean Begat used Homer to justify the idea of a single ruler whose subjects practice only one religion, later quoting Homer in ancient Greek to silence a Huguenot adversary whose arguments rely entirely on Scripture; the Greek poet was, at the time, very much an instrument of Catholic thought. That would not hold for long: French Huguenots, whose religious practices were in large measure the fruit of humanist techniques of reading, quickly became passionate editors and interpreters of the Greek poet.Less
This chapter demonstrates how the Catholic Burgundian parliamentarian Jean Begat used Homer to justify the idea of a single ruler whose subjects practice only one religion, later quoting Homer in ancient Greek to silence a Huguenot adversary whose arguments rely entirely on Scripture; the Greek poet was, at the time, very much an instrument of Catholic thought. That would not hold for long: French Huguenots, whose religious practices were in large measure the fruit of humanist techniques of reading, quickly became passionate editors and interpreters of the Greek poet.
Lionel Laborie
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719089886
- eISBN:
- 9781526104007
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719089886.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book examines the nature and significance of religious enthusiasm in early Enlightenment England. In the early modern period, the term ‘enthusiasm’ was a smear word used to discredit the ...
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This book examines the nature and significance of religious enthusiasm in early Enlightenment England. In the early modern period, the term ‘enthusiasm’ was a smear word used to discredit the dissenters of the radical Reformation as dangerous religious fanatics. In England, the term gained prominence from the Civil War period and throughout the eighteenth century. Anglican ministers and the proponents of the Enlightenment used it more widely against Paracelsian chemists, experimental philosophers, religious dissenters and divines, astrologers or anyone claiming superior knowledge. As a result, our understanding of enthusiasm is largely influenced by the hostile discourse of Augustan moralist and early Enlighteners. But who exactly were these enthusiasts? What did they believe in, how did they operate as a community and what impact did they have on their contemporaries? This book aims to answer these questions by concentrating on the notorious case of the French Prophets. It demonstrates how the understanding of enthusiasm evolved around 1700, designating anything from a religious fanaticism to a social epidemic and even a bodily disease. It offers the first comprehensive approach to enthusiasm, looking at this multifarious issue from a successively social, religious, cultural, political and medical perspective. Based on extensive archival research, it sheds new light on the reality of enthusiasm away from the hostility of Enlightenment discourse.Less
This book examines the nature and significance of religious enthusiasm in early Enlightenment England. In the early modern period, the term ‘enthusiasm’ was a smear word used to discredit the dissenters of the radical Reformation as dangerous religious fanatics. In England, the term gained prominence from the Civil War period and throughout the eighteenth century. Anglican ministers and the proponents of the Enlightenment used it more widely against Paracelsian chemists, experimental philosophers, religious dissenters and divines, astrologers or anyone claiming superior knowledge. As a result, our understanding of enthusiasm is largely influenced by the hostile discourse of Augustan moralist and early Enlighteners. But who exactly were these enthusiasts? What did they believe in, how did they operate as a community and what impact did they have on their contemporaries? This book aims to answer these questions by concentrating on the notorious case of the French Prophets. It demonstrates how the understanding of enthusiasm evolved around 1700, designating anything from a religious fanaticism to a social epidemic and even a bodily disease. It offers the first comprehensive approach to enthusiasm, looking at this multifarious issue from a successively social, religious, cultural, political and medical perspective. Based on extensive archival research, it sheds new light on the reality of enthusiasm away from the hostility of Enlightenment discourse.
