Norman A. Kutcher
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520297524
- eISBN:
- 9780520969841
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520297524.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter explores the thought of three famous thinkers who lived through the fall of the Ming dynasty and rise of the Qing. Each of them: Wang Fuzhi, Huang Zongxi, and Gu Yanwu, had personally ...
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This chapter explores the thought of three famous thinkers who lived through the fall of the Ming dynasty and rise of the Qing. Each of them: Wang Fuzhi, Huang Zongxi, and Gu Yanwu, had personally experienced the horrors of Ming eunuch power, and used their writings, and strategies of evidential research (kaozhengxue), to analyze it. Relying on writings by earlier thinkers, particularly Wang Shizhen and Mao Yigong, Wang, Huang, and Gu articulated a gold standard for eunuch management. Their ideas about the dangers of eunuch literacy, the importance the emperor limiting his numbers of eunuchs, and the need for separation between inner and outer realms of government and the palace would impact the emperors studied in this bookLess
This chapter explores the thought of three famous thinkers who lived through the fall of the Ming dynasty and rise of the Qing. Each of them: Wang Fuzhi, Huang Zongxi, and Gu Yanwu, had personally experienced the horrors of Ming eunuch power, and used their writings, and strategies of evidential research (kaozhengxue), to analyze it. Relying on writings by earlier thinkers, particularly Wang Shizhen and Mao Yigong, Wang, Huang, and Gu articulated a gold standard for eunuch management. Their ideas about the dangers of eunuch literacy, the importance the emperor limiting his numbers of eunuchs, and the need for separation between inner and outer realms of government and the palace would impact the emperors studied in this book
Jiang Wu
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195333572
- eISBN:
- 9780199868872
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195333572.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This chapter introduces the first controversy between Miyun Yuanwu and Hanyue Fazang. It details Hanyue's understanding of Tathagata Chan, Patriarch Chan, and the perfect circle. The chapter also ...
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This chapter introduces the first controversy between Miyun Yuanwu and Hanyue Fazang. It details Hanyue's understanding of Tathagata Chan, Patriarch Chan, and the perfect circle. The chapter also tells the story about the author's encounter with Miyun and his reluctant acceptance of Miyun's dharma transmission. This chapter lists all relevant polemical essays related to the controversy.Less
This chapter introduces the first controversy between Miyun Yuanwu and Hanyue Fazang. It details Hanyue's understanding of Tathagata Chan, Patriarch Chan, and the perfect circle. The chapter also tells the story about the author's encounter with Miyun and his reluctant acceptance of Miyun's dharma transmission. This chapter lists all relevant polemical essays related to the controversy.
Jiang Qing
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154602
- eISBN:
- 9781400844845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154602.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter proposes another institution—the Academy—that is meant to further restrain the power of parliamentarians. In Western constitutionalism, power is limited by means of rights. In Confucian ...
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This chapter proposes another institution—the Academy—that is meant to further restrain the power of parliamentarians. In Western constitutionalism, power is limited by means of rights. In Confucian constitutionalism, power is limited primarily by means of morality. The chapter explicitly invokes the seventeenth-century Confucian scholar Huang Zongxi's proposal for an Academy composed of scholar-officials who could question the emperor and appraise and adjudicate the rights and wrongs of his policies. It is careful to note that the Academy supervises, but does not run the state. Subordinate bodies exercise their own authority according to the principle of balance of powers and independence. The Academy does not interfere in these operations and hence its maintenance of religion and morality is different from that of a Taliban-style theocracy.Less
This chapter proposes another institution—the Academy—that is meant to further restrain the power of parliamentarians. In Western constitutionalism, power is limited by means of rights. In Confucian constitutionalism, power is limited primarily by means of morality. The chapter explicitly invokes the seventeenth-century Confucian scholar Huang Zongxi's proposal for an Academy composed of scholar-officials who could question the emperor and appraise and adjudicate the rights and wrongs of his policies. It is careful to note that the Academy supervises, but does not run the state. Subordinate bodies exercise their own authority according to the principle of balance of powers and independence. The Academy does not interfere in these operations and hence its maintenance of religion and morality is different from that of a Taliban-style theocracy.
Wm. Theodore de Bary
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231153973
- eISBN:
- 9780231527194
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231153973.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines Waiting for the Dawn (Mingyi daifang lu), the first important work of Huang Zongxi (1610–1695). It suggests that Huang's work is the most eloquent and comprehensive statement of ...
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This chapter examines Waiting for the Dawn (Mingyi daifang lu), the first important work of Huang Zongxi (1610–1695). It suggests that Huang's work is the most eloquent and comprehensive statement of its kind in Chinese political literature. It draws together the ideas that others, in the past or present, had expressed in scattered or unsystematic form. While his discussion of certain problems is sometimes less exhaustive than the treatment of them by others, the balance that Huang achieves between general principles and their historical application adds considerably to the force of his presentation. It is for this reason that Waiting for the Dawn has proved the most enduring and influential Confucian critique of Chinese despotism in the late imperial age as well as the most powerful affirmation of a liberal Confucian political vision in premodern times.Less
This chapter examines Waiting for the Dawn (Mingyi daifang lu), the first important work of Huang Zongxi (1610–1695). It suggests that Huang's work is the most eloquent and comprehensive statement of its kind in Chinese political literature. It draws together the ideas that others, in the past or present, had expressed in scattered or unsystematic form. While his discussion of certain problems is sometimes less exhaustive than the treatment of them by others, the balance that Huang achieves between general principles and their historical application adds considerably to the force of his presentation. It is for this reason that Waiting for the Dawn has proved the most enduring and influential Confucian critique of Chinese despotism in the late imperial age as well as the most powerful affirmation of a liberal Confucian political vision in premodern times.
Niv Horesh
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804787192
- eISBN:
- 9780804788540
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804787192.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
Western sources by and large did not provide an incisive answer as to the question of precisely why government and privately-issued paper money went into decline in China through much of the late ...
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Western sources by and large did not provide an incisive answer as to the question of precisely why government and privately-issued paper money went into decline in China through much of the late imperial era: how and precisely when privately issued notes reemerged and how important a component they were within the late imperial monetary system. Neither did they explain in great detail whether the gradual reemergence of privately issued banknotes in China—which could be traced back to the latter part of the eighteenth century at the earliest—had anything to do with global financial stimuli. This chapter is designed to correct the gap in the academic literature on these issues.Less
Western sources by and large did not provide an incisive answer as to the question of precisely why government and privately-issued paper money went into decline in China through much of the late imperial era: how and precisely when privately issued notes reemerged and how important a component they were within the late imperial monetary system. Neither did they explain in great detail whether the gradual reemergence of privately issued banknotes in China—which could be traced back to the latter part of the eighteenth century at the earliest—had anything to do with global financial stimuli. This chapter is designed to correct the gap in the academic literature on these issues.