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Anglican Women and Social Service in Hong Kong: Historical Contributions and Continuing Legacy

Jane Lee

in Christian Women in Chinese Society: The Anglican Story

This chapter explores the contribution of Anglican women, Chinese and British, in the promotion of welfare for women and children in Hong Kong from the mid-nineteenth century to the present. The ... More

This chapter explores the contribution of Anglican women, Chinese and British, in the promotion of welfare for women and children in Hong Kong from the mid-nineteenth century to the present. The narrative covers four areas of progress in chronological order, which include: Elevating Social Status through Education, Advocating Women’s Rights through Social Movements, the establishment of the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui Women’s League, and women leaders in social services. It presents an account of change and continuity in the development of women’s work for women: from British women’s work of charity and evangelism to Chinese women’s assumption of leadership roles; from protection of girls and women in the nineteenth century, to pioneering nursery and child care in postwar rehabilitation, and providing holistic care to the elderly and marginalised in twenty-first century.Less

Into the ‘Chinese Century’

Stuart Wolfendale

in Imperial to International: A History of St John's Cathedral Hong Kong

The resumption of sovereignty over Hong Kong by China in 1997 was smooth for the Christian denominations in Hong Kong. Hong Kong became an independent Anglican province, and Paul Kwong, the Bishop of ... More

The resumption of sovereignty over Hong Kong by China in 1997 was smooth for the Christian denominations in Hong Kong. Hong Kong became an independent Anglican province, and Paul Kwong, the Bishop of Hong Kong Island became the first Archbishop of the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui. Kwong contributed as a member of the Basic Law Drafting Committee in ensuring religious freedom. The governance of St John’s remained unchanged and the freehold of the land remained vested in the trustees.Less

Contextualization and the Chinese Anglican Parish: A Case Study of St. Mary’s Church, Hong Kong (1912–41)

Philip L. WICKERI and Ruiwen CHEN

in Christian Encounters with Chinese Culture

Ruiwen Chen and Philip Wickeri adopt a “contextualization” approach to parish history in their study of the first three decades of St. Mary’s in Chapter 7. They consider the role of both clergy and ... More

Ruiwen Chen and Philip Wickeri adopt a “contextualization” approach to parish history in their study of the first three decades of St. Mary’s in Chapter 7. They consider the role of both clergy and laity in responding to social needs as they shaped a church whose ministry, mission and even architecture embraced elements of the Chinese cultural and social context.Less

Deaconesses in the South China Missions of the Church Missionary Society (CMS), 1922–1951

Peter Cunich

Wai Ching Angela Wong and Patricia P. K. Chiu (eds)

in Christian Women in Chinese Society: The Anglican Story

The ancient Christian order of deaconess, reintroduced into the northern European churches from the 1830s, had grown to include nearly 60,000 women around the world by the 1950s. The Church of ... More

The ancient Christian order of deaconess, reintroduced into the northern European churches from the 1830s, had grown to include nearly 60,000 women around the world by the 1950s. The Church of England set aside its first deaconess in 1862, but the potential benefits of deploying deaconesses in the southern China missions was not appreciated so quickly by the Church Missionary Society. The Fukien mission ordained the first six deaconesses for southern China in 1922, and another three were ordained in the Kwangsi-Hunan diocese in 1932, but these were all European women. Seven Chinese deaconesses were ultimately ordained in Fukien before 1942, but the only other mission field where the female diaconate rose to prominence was Hong Kong, where Florence Li Tim-oi’s ordination as a deaconess in 1941 led to her controversial ordination to the priesthood in 1944. This essay examines the slow growth of the deaconess movement in the CMS south China missions up to 1950 and evaluates the achievements of these women before the closure of China to Western missionaries. It also suggests some reasons why the widespread hopes that the female diaconate would provide an ‘enlarged sphere of service’ for women missionaries in south China ultimately proved elusive.Less

Rethinking Church through the Book of Common Prayer in Late Qing and Early Republican China

Chloë STARR

in Christian Encounters with Chinese Culture

In Chapter 4, Chlöe Starr explores how the BCP helped to shape debates on theology, identity, and practice in the Church. Focusing on the landmark edition of the Chinese BCP by John Burdon and Samuel ... More

In Chapter 4, Chlöe Starr explores how the BCP helped to shape debates on theology, identity, and practice in the Church. Focusing on the landmark edition of the Chinese BCP by John Burdon and Samuel Schereschewsky, both of whom were later made bishops, her chapter places the discussion in the context of the reception of texts in the late nineteenth century.Less

An Analysis of the Compilation and Writing of the Book of Common Prayer in the Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui

Feng GUO

in Christian Encounters with Chinese Culture

Feng Guo takes the discussion into the twentieth century and the mandate to produce a Chinese BCP for the use of the whole Church. In Chapter 5, he addresses the question of why a CHSKH Prayer Book ... More

Feng Guo takes the discussion into the twentieth century and the mandate to produce a Chinese BCP for the use of the whole Church. In Chapter 5, he addresses the question of why a CHSKH Prayer Book was never produced, and considers the legacy of the BCP liturgy in the Chinese Church today.Less

Female Education and the Early Development of St. Stephen’s Church, Hong Kong (1865–1900s)

Patricia P. K. CHIU

in Christian Encounters with Chinese Culture

In Chapter 2, Patricia P. K. Chiu presents a detailed study of women’s education in relationship to a particular church in Hong Kong in the second half of the nineteenth century. She discusses the ... More

In Chapter 2, Patricia P. K. Chiu presents a detailed study of women’s education in relationship to a particular church in Hong Kong in the second half of the nineteenth century. She discusses the opportunities and limitations of women’s work in education, and shows how Christian women helped to build the foundation for a strong Chinese parish.Less

R. O. Hall and the Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion

Fuk-tsang YING

in Christian Encounters with Chinese Culture

Fuk-tsang Ying analyzes, in Chapter 3, focuses on Bishop R. O. Hall’s pioneering work for the Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion in Shatin, Hong Kong. Hall was Hong Kong’s longest serving ... More

Fuk-tsang Ying analyzes, in Chapter 3, focuses on Bishop R. O. Hall’s pioneering work for the Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion in Shatin, Hong Kong. Hall was Hong Kong’s longest serving bishop who left an indelible impact on Hong Kong’s religious and social life, and made a significant contribution to cultural understanding.Less

T. C. Chao and the Sheng Kung Hui: With Particular Emphasis on Theology, as Exemplified by His Later Soteriology

Yongtao CHEN

in Christian Encounters with Chinese Culture

In Chapter 9, Yongtao Chen contends that the Anglican tradition contributed to T. C. Chao’s rediscovered sense of churchmanship. His chapter offers a detailed theological study of Chao’s doctrine of ... More

In Chapter 9, Yongtao Chen contends that the Anglican tradition contributed to T. C. Chao’s rediscovered sense of churchmanship. His chapter offers a detailed theological study of Chao’s doctrine of soteriology, a singular contribution to his efforts to indigenize or contextualize Chinese theology.Less

The Ordination and Ministry of Li Tim Oi: A Historical Perspective on a Singular Event

Philip L. Wickeri

in Christian Women in Chinese Society: The Anglican Story

The ordination to the priesthood of Florence Li Tim Oi (1907–1992) in 1944 was an extraordinary event. She became the first woman priest in the Anglican communion but from the very beginning her ... More

The ordination to the priesthood of Florence Li Tim Oi (1907–1992) in 1944 was an extraordinary event. She became the first woman priest in the Anglican communion but from the very beginning her ordination was full of controversy. This chapter is a detailed historical reconstruction of her ordination and related events, drawing on letters and other documents written by Li Tim Oi and others that have not been used before.The ordination of Li Tim Oi helped start the process leading up to the ordination of women in the Anglican Communion. Her license to the priesthood was withdrawn, but four decades later wasrestored. She has been rightly hailed as a forerunner in the movement for women’s ordination.Less

The Protestant Episcopal China Mission and Chinese Society

Edward Yihua XU

in Christian Encounters with Chinese Culture

Chapter 1 offers a broad overview of the work of the Protestant Episcopal Church Mission and its impact on Chinese society. Yihua Xu contends that the PECM had a mission strategy aimed at the elite, ... More

Chapter 1 offers a broad overview of the work of the Protestant Episcopal Church Mission and its impact on Chinese society. Yihua Xu contends that the PECM had a mission strategy aimed at the elite, and that the work of the mission was somewhat successful in meeting its goals. Thus, the work of the CHSKH in education and building up the church, as well as in influencing Chinese politics, became embedded in Chinese social and cultural life.Less

Christianity and Chinese Nationalism: St. Peter’s Church in Shanghai during the War against Japan*

Qi DUAN

in Christian Encounters with Chinese Culture

In Chapter 6, Qi Duan looks at St. Peter’s Church in Shanghai during the years of the War Against Japan. It was arguably the most important CHSKH parish in Shanghai, and the first to be ... More

In Chapter 6, Qi Duan looks at St. Peter’s Church in Shanghai during the years of the War Against Japan. It was arguably the most important CHSKH parish in Shanghai, and the first to be self-supporting. She shows how St. Peter’s contributed actively to resistance efforts. St. Mary’s Church in Hong Kong celebrated its centennial in 2012, the youngest of the five traditional Chinese Anglican parishes.Less

Bei Zhao Nan Wei: A Study of Two Chinese Anglican Theologians in Republican China

Peter Tze Ming NG

in Christian Encounters with Chinese Culture

In Chapter 8, Peter Tze Ming Ng offers a comparative study of Chao and Francis C. M. Wei, the noted educator and later president of Central China Normal University. He shows that Chao and Wei came ... More

In Chapter 8, Peter Tze Ming Ng offers a comparative study of Chao and Francis C. M. Wei, the noted educator and later president of Central China Normal University. He shows that Chao and Wei came out of two very different church traditions, one British and one American, both part of the CHSKH. They both sought and ultimately failed to produce an indigenous Chinese theology.Less