Brian Vickers
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199269167
- eISBN:
- 9780191699368
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199269167.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Shakespeare Studies
This chapter describes Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen. Scholarly discussion of these two plays that Shakespeare wrote together with John Fletcher has followed a by now familiar pattern: (i) in ...
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This chapter describes Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen. Scholarly discussion of these two plays that Shakespeare wrote together with John Fletcher has followed a by now familiar pattern: (i) in the mid-nineteenth century pioneering work identifies the scenes written by each dramatist; (ii) these findings are consolidated by other scholars, using different methods; (iii) Shakespeare 'conservators' deny the findings, asserting his sole authorship; and (iv) a recent generation of scholars, using more powerful analytical tools, validates the originally proposed divisions. The pattern being familiar, in discussing these two co-authored plays there is little need to follow out every move for and against. In particular, the chapter addresses the respective methodologies in enough detail to enable readers to understand and evaluate them.Less
This chapter describes Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen. Scholarly discussion of these two plays that Shakespeare wrote together with John Fletcher has followed a by now familiar pattern: (i) in the mid-nineteenth century pioneering work identifies the scenes written by each dramatist; (ii) these findings are consolidated by other scholars, using different methods; (iii) Shakespeare 'conservators' deny the findings, asserting his sole authorship; and (iv) a recent generation of scholars, using more powerful analytical tools, validates the originally proposed divisions. The pattern being familiar, in discussing these two co-authored plays there is little need to follow out every move for and against. In particular, the chapter addresses the respective methodologies in enough detail to enable readers to understand and evaluate them.
Tracey Sowerby
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199584635
- eISBN:
- 9780191723162
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584635.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Sir Richard Morison (c.1513–1556) was an accomplished scholar, propagandist, diplomat, theologian and politician. Based on extensive archival research, this book provides the first full historical ...
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Sir Richard Morison (c.1513–1556) was an accomplished scholar, propagandist, diplomat, theologian and politician. Based on extensive archival research, this book provides the first full historical treatment of Morison, contextualizing him within each of his careers: he is considered as a propagandist, politician, reformer, diplomat and Marian exile. Educated at Oxford and Padua, Morison was a cosmopolitan scholar and owner of an impressive library. His scholarly activities—from poetry to law reform—contribute to our understanding of English humanism. As Henry VIII's most prolific propagandist, Morison constructed theories of English kingship during the crucial years of Henry's Reformation. Yet he was not the servile ‘pet humanist’ of historical commonplace—his polemical tracts offer important new insights into Tudor politics and the English Reformation. Morison was a committed evangelical who adeptly negotiated the vicissitudes of Henry VIII's court. From Thomas Cromwell's client he became an influential political figure: a gentleman of the Privy Chamber and MP in Henry VIII's and Edward VI's reigns. Morison was involved in the English Reformation: in the 1530s he helped draft official doctrinal statements, translated works by leading reformers and composed theological treatises; in the 1540s he served on several Edwardian commissions. Morison's diplomatic career supplies new information on diplomatic training, methodology and culture, and foreign policy, portraying a relatively sophisticated diplomatic corps. In exile, Morison was a more significant figure than previously thought and was at the heart of the exile community in Strasbourg. This book is more than a biography. It is a series of interrelated micro‐studies, each of which makes a substantial contribution to its field.Less
Sir Richard Morison (c.1513–1556) was an accomplished scholar, propagandist, diplomat, theologian and politician. Based on extensive archival research, this book provides the first full historical treatment of Morison, contextualizing him within each of his careers: he is considered as a propagandist, politician, reformer, diplomat and Marian exile. Educated at Oxford and Padua, Morison was a cosmopolitan scholar and owner of an impressive library. His scholarly activities—from poetry to law reform—contribute to our understanding of English humanism. As Henry VIII's most prolific propagandist, Morison constructed theories of English kingship during the crucial years of Henry's Reformation. Yet he was not the servile ‘pet humanist’ of historical commonplace—his polemical tracts offer important new insights into Tudor politics and the English Reformation. Morison was a committed evangelical who adeptly negotiated the vicissitudes of Henry VIII's court. From Thomas Cromwell's client he became an influential political figure: a gentleman of the Privy Chamber and MP in Henry VIII's and Edward VI's reigns. Morison was involved in the English Reformation: in the 1530s he helped draft official doctrinal statements, translated works by leading reformers and composed theological treatises; in the 1540s he served on several Edwardian commissions. Morison's diplomatic career supplies new information on diplomatic training, methodology and culture, and foreign policy, portraying a relatively sophisticated diplomatic corps. In exile, Morison was a more significant figure than previously thought and was at the heart of the exile community in Strasbourg. This book is more than a biography. It is a series of interrelated micro‐studies, each of which makes a substantial contribution to its field.
Tracey A. Sowerby
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199584635
- eISBN:
- 9780191723162
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584635.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter focuses on Morison's polemical tracts against the Pilgrimage of Grace (the Remedy for Sedition and Lamentation) and three tracts aimed at an international audience (the Apomaxis and the ...
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This chapter focuses on Morison's polemical tracts against the Pilgrimage of Grace (the Remedy for Sedition and Lamentation) and three tracts aimed at an international audience (the Apomaxis and the General Council tracts). Previous studies of Morison's propaganda tracts have considered them primarily as obedience literature. In contrast, this study contextualizes the tracts and explores their rhetoric, demonstrating that while obedience was a central theme in Henry VIII's propaganda, the tracts' message was rarely unilateral. Morison's defence of Henry's marital and ecclesiastical policies and justification of the king's treatment of opponents in the relatively neglected Apomaxis is analysed. Morison is established as the author of two official tracts written against a General Council summoned by the pope, which Henry believed would condemn him and his church. These tracts are discussed in the context of English foreign policy, particularly relations with the Schmalkaldic League, and situated within the broader polemical campaign.Less
This chapter focuses on Morison's polemical tracts against the Pilgrimage of Grace (the Remedy for Sedition and Lamentation) and three tracts aimed at an international audience (the Apomaxis and the General Council tracts). Previous studies of Morison's propaganda tracts have considered them primarily as obedience literature. In contrast, this study contextualizes the tracts and explores their rhetoric, demonstrating that while obedience was a central theme in Henry VIII's propaganda, the tracts' message was rarely unilateral. Morison's defence of Henry's marital and ecclesiastical policies and justification of the king's treatment of opponents in the relatively neglected Apomaxis is analysed. Morison is established as the author of two official tracts written against a General Council summoned by the pope, which Henry believed would condemn him and his church. These tracts are discussed in the context of English foreign policy, particularly relations with the Schmalkaldic League, and situated within the broader polemical campaign.
TATIANA C. STRING
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264942
- eISBN:
- 9780191754111
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264942.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter explores a portrait of King Henry VIII that has played a key role in sustaining and inflecting received notions of the Tudor age in the post-Tudor period. It argues that almost without ...
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This chapter explores a portrait of King Henry VIII that has played a key role in sustaining and inflecting received notions of the Tudor age in the post-Tudor period. It argues that almost without exception the Tudorist visual representations of King Henry VIII from the mid-sixteenth to the twenty-first century derive their communicative force from, and were indeed only made possible because of, the existence of an extraordinarily compelling and efficacious point of origin. The portrait of Henry VIII that set this cascade of information, ideas, and associations about the king in motion was the full-length portrait from the Whitehall Mural, painted by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497–1543) in 1537.Less
This chapter explores a portrait of King Henry VIII that has played a key role in sustaining and inflecting received notions of the Tudor age in the post-Tudor period. It argues that almost without exception the Tudorist visual representations of King Henry VIII from the mid-sixteenth to the twenty-first century derive their communicative force from, and were indeed only made possible because of, the existence of an extraordinarily compelling and efficacious point of origin. The portrait of Henry VIII that set this cascade of information, ideas, and associations about the king in motion was the full-length portrait from the Whitehall Mural, painted by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497–1543) in 1537.
Greg Walker
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199283330
- eISBN:
- 9780191712630
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283330.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This book considers the impact of Henry VIII’s break with Rome and the Royal Supremacy of the 1530s upon the generation of poets, playwrights, and prose-writers who lived through those events. ...
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This book considers the impact of Henry VIII’s break with Rome and the Royal Supremacy of the 1530s upon the generation of poets, playwrights, and prose-writers who lived through those events. Spanning the boundaries between literature and history, it charts the profound effects that Henry’s increasingly tyrannical regime had on the literary production of the early 16th century and shows how English writers strove to mitigate, redirect, and finally resist oppressive royal demands. The book argues that the result of Henrician tyranny was both the destruction of a number of venerable literary forms and the collapse of a literary culture that had dominated the late-medieval period, as well as the birth of many modes of writing now seen as characteristic of the English literary renaissance. Separate sections of the book focus specifically upon the work of John Thynne, the editor of the first collected Works of Chaucer; the playwright John Heywood; Sir Thomas Elyot; Sir Thomas Wyatt; and Henry Howard, the poet Earl of Surrey.Less
This book considers the impact of Henry VIII’s break with Rome and the Royal Supremacy of the 1530s upon the generation of poets, playwrights, and prose-writers who lived through those events. Spanning the boundaries between literature and history, it charts the profound effects that Henry’s increasingly tyrannical regime had on the literary production of the early 16th century and shows how English writers strove to mitigate, redirect, and finally resist oppressive royal demands. The book argues that the result of Henrician tyranny was both the destruction of a number of venerable literary forms and the collapse of a literary culture that had dominated the late-medieval period, as well as the birth of many modes of writing now seen as characteristic of the English literary renaissance. Separate sections of the book focus specifically upon the work of John Thynne, the editor of the first collected Works of Chaucer; the playwright John Heywood; Sir Thomas Elyot; Sir Thomas Wyatt; and Henry Howard, the poet Earl of Surrey.
GREG WALKER
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264942
- eISBN:
- 9780191754111
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264942.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter analyzes how the cinema and television have rendered Henry VIII. It considers films such as The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933) and Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and television ...
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This chapter analyzes how the cinema and television have rendered Henry VIII. It considers films such as The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933) and Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and television shows such as The Six Wives of Henry VIII and The Tudors. It suggests that Henry has generally been the protagonist in the dramas in which he has appeared, and it has been his experiences and his emotional journey, that are spectators' principal concern.Less
This chapter analyzes how the cinema and television have rendered Henry VIII. It considers films such as The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933) and Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and television shows such as The Six Wives of Henry VIII and The Tudors. It suggests that Henry has generally been the protagonist in the dramas in which he has appeared, and it has been his experiences and his emotional journey, that are spectators' principal concern.
FELICITY HEAL
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198269243
- eISBN:
- 9780191602412
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269242.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The chapter studies the politics of Reformation in England, Scotland, and Ireland between 1530 and 1558. Its narrative of change pays particular attention to issues of jurisdiction across English ...
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The chapter studies the politics of Reformation in England, Scotland, and Ireland between 1530 and 1558. Its narrative of change pays particular attention to issues of jurisdiction across English territories and to the dissolution of the monasteries. The intersection between religious changes in the three kingdoms is treated fully.Less
The chapter studies the politics of Reformation in England, Scotland, and Ireland between 1530 and 1558. Its narrative of change pays particular attention to issues of jurisdiction across English territories and to the dissolution of the monasteries. The intersection between religious changes in the three kingdoms is treated fully.
GREGORY O’MALLEY
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253791
- eISBN:
- 9780191719820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253791.003.06
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter analyses the changing relationship between the Hospital and Henry VIII and his ministers. It is stated that this was generally positive until the fall of Rhodes in 1522, although the ...
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This chapter analyses the changing relationship between the Hospital and Henry VIII and his ministers. It is stated that this was generally positive until the fall of Rhodes in 1522, although the prior of England, the accomplished diplomat Thomas Docwra, was regarded as a royal servant and refused permission to proceed to Rhodes. When the order failed to find a new home quickly after 1522, the king threatened to nationalise it and devote it to the defence of Calais, a threat that galvanised the grand master to come to England to meet the king. However, the difficulties created for the order by the royal breach with Rome were less easy to resolve. The order's privileges, incomes and overseas ties were assaulted by the Reformation parliament between 1529 and 1536, and while a compromise was reached between crown and order in 1537, the langue in Malta was split between those in favour of and opposed to the Henrician Reformation, its divisions perhaps prompting the crown to dissolve it in 1540.Less
This chapter analyses the changing relationship between the Hospital and Henry VIII and his ministers. It is stated that this was generally positive until the fall of Rhodes in 1522, although the prior of England, the accomplished diplomat Thomas Docwra, was regarded as a royal servant and refused permission to proceed to Rhodes. When the order failed to find a new home quickly after 1522, the king threatened to nationalise it and devote it to the defence of Calais, a threat that galvanised the grand master to come to England to meet the king. However, the difficulties created for the order by the royal breach with Rome were less easy to resolve. The order's privileges, incomes and overseas ties were assaulted by the Reformation parliament between 1529 and 1536, and while a compromise was reached between crown and order in 1537, the langue in Malta was split between those in favour of and opposed to the Henrician Reformation, its divisions perhaps prompting the crown to dissolve it in 1540.
S. J. Connolly
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198208167
- eISBN:
- 9780191716546
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208167.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter analyses how Henry VIII and his ministers blundered into a confrontation with the Kildare dynasty, on which they depended for the management of the Irish lordship. The rebellion and ...
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This chapter analyses how Henry VIII and his ministers blundered into a confrontation with the Kildare dynasty, on which they depended for the management of the Irish lordship. The rebellion and destruction of the Kildares left a power vacuum, filled by the new strategy of seeking to integrate the Gaelic Irish lords, formerly considered aliens, into the English social hierarchy — the policy known as surrender and regrant. Meanwhile, Ireland followed England in rejecting the authority of the pope. Under Edward VI, surrender and regrant gave way to a more aggressive policy, while more far reaching changes in doctrine and liturgy — a true Protestant Reformation — encountered strong resistance.Less
This chapter analyses how Henry VIII and his ministers blundered into a confrontation with the Kildare dynasty, on which they depended for the management of the Irish lordship. The rebellion and destruction of the Kildares left a power vacuum, filled by the new strategy of seeking to integrate the Gaelic Irish lords, formerly considered aliens, into the English social hierarchy — the policy known as surrender and regrant. Meanwhile, Ireland followed England in rejecting the authority of the pope. Under Edward VI, surrender and regrant gave way to a more aggressive policy, while more far reaching changes in doctrine and liturgy — a true Protestant Reformation — encountered strong resistance.
R. W. Hoyle
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198208747
- eISBN:
- 9780191716980
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208747.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
In common with all monarchs in England during the late medieval period, Henry VIII was no figurehead to government. His preferences permeated every aspect of government, whether its foreign policy, ...
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In common with all monarchs in England during the late medieval period, Henry VIII was no figurehead to government. His preferences permeated every aspect of government, whether its foreign policy, its religious policy, or its deployment of patronage. Henry and Katherine of Aragon produced a son fairly quickly after their marriage, but the young Prince Henry died only seven weeks after his birth: thereafter there was a further child born to the marriage, the Princess Mary, in 1516, and Katherine 's other pregnancies ended in miscarriages. She conceived for the last time in 1518. By early 1527, Henry was convinced that his marriage to Katherine was barren because of its illegality, and sought an annulment. After his divorce, Henry married Anne Boleyn, who was executed on charges of adultery and treason. The king would take another wife and the third queen, Jane Seymour, in 1536.Less
In common with all monarchs in England during the late medieval period, Henry VIII was no figurehead to government. His preferences permeated every aspect of government, whether its foreign policy, its religious policy, or its deployment of patronage. Henry and Katherine of Aragon produced a son fairly quickly after their marriage, but the young Prince Henry died only seven weeks after his birth: thereafter there was a further child born to the marriage, the Princess Mary, in 1516, and Katherine 's other pregnancies ended in miscarriages. She conceived for the last time in 1518. By early 1527, Henry was convinced that his marriage to Katherine was barren because of its illegality, and sought an annulment. After his divorce, Henry married Anne Boleyn, who was executed on charges of adultery and treason. The king would take another wife and the third queen, Jane Seymour, in 1536.
Timothy Fitzgerald
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195300093
- eISBN:
- 9780199868636
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300093.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
This chapter is the first of several which attempt to locate the typical usages of words in historical documents, in this case the Formularies of Faith of Henry VIII. Whatever differences did or did ...
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This chapter is the first of several which attempt to locate the typical usages of words in historical documents, in this case the Formularies of Faith of Henry VIII. Whatever differences did or did not exist between Luther, Calvin, the Catholic Church, Henry VIII, or his Bishops on the correct understanding of the relation between Church and State, none of them thought in terms of a modern separation between religion and a neutral, nonreligious polity. Religion as encompassing Christian Truth does not suddenly disappear with the Reformation challenge to the Catholic Church State but is fundamental to the thinking of both Luther and Calvin, albeit formulated in significantly different ways. Though the stress on interiority and ethical intention, and the rejection of “outward” rituals and merely “external” shows of faith, was a crucial ingredient in the development of the later essentializations of “religion” and “the secular,” a close examination of Protestant texts shows that we can only retrospectively claim to find possible glimmerings of these later distinctions.Less
This chapter is the first of several which attempt to locate the typical usages of words in historical documents, in this case the Formularies of Faith of Henry VIII. Whatever differences did or did not exist between Luther, Calvin, the Catholic Church, Henry VIII, or his Bishops on the correct understanding of the relation between Church and State, none of them thought in terms of a modern separation between religion and a neutral, nonreligious polity. Religion as encompassing Christian Truth does not suddenly disappear with the Reformation challenge to the Catholic Church State but is fundamental to the thinking of both Luther and Calvin, albeit formulated in significantly different ways. Though the stress on interiority and ethical intention, and the rejection of “outward” rituals and merely “external” shows of faith, was a crucial ingredient in the development of the later essentializations of “religion” and “the secular,” a close examination of Protestant texts shows that we can only retrospectively claim to find possible glimmerings of these later distinctions.
W. A. Sessions
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198186250
- eISBN:
- 9780191674457
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198186250.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
This book provides a comprehensive biography of Henry Howard, Poet Earl of Surrey. It combines historical scholarship with close readings of poetic texts and Tudor paintings to explore Surrey's ...
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This book provides a comprehensive biography of Henry Howard, Poet Earl of Surrey. It combines historical scholarship with close readings of poetic texts and Tudor paintings to explore Surrey's unique life. The first cousin of Queens Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard (and an influence on his young cousin the Princess Elizabeth), he was beheaded in 1547 on the orders of Henry VIII. Surrey embodied the contradictions of the courtier's role, through his standing both as a representative of the older nobility and heir to the greatest title outside the royal family, and as a poet who wrote innovative texts and created the most enduring poetic forms in England, the English sonnet and blank verse. More and more, critics and scholars have called for a more contemporary and wider assessment of his role in Tudor society. This book uses Surrey's redefinition of the role of Tudor courtier through his poems, his unique portraits, his military campaigns, and his political presence, to reveal how he created the first image in England of the Renaissance courtier. Surrey is also shown to embody the rather more modern image of the poet who writes and invents in the midst of radical violence.Less
This book provides a comprehensive biography of Henry Howard, Poet Earl of Surrey. It combines historical scholarship with close readings of poetic texts and Tudor paintings to explore Surrey's unique life. The first cousin of Queens Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard (and an influence on his young cousin the Princess Elizabeth), he was beheaded in 1547 on the orders of Henry VIII. Surrey embodied the contradictions of the courtier's role, through his standing both as a representative of the older nobility and heir to the greatest title outside the royal family, and as a poet who wrote innovative texts and created the most enduring poetic forms in England, the English sonnet and blank verse. More and more, critics and scholars have called for a more contemporary and wider assessment of his role in Tudor society. This book uses Surrey's redefinition of the role of Tudor courtier through his poems, his unique portraits, his military campaigns, and his political presence, to reveal how he created the first image in England of the Renaissance courtier. Surrey is also shown to embody the rather more modern image of the poet who writes and invents in the midst of radical violence.
R. W. Hoyle
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198208747
- eISBN:
- 9780191716980
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208747.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This is the first full account of the Pilgrimage of Grace since 1915. In the autumn and winter of 1536, Henry VIII faced risings first in Lincolnshire, then throughout northern England. These ...
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This is the first full account of the Pilgrimage of Grace since 1915. In the autumn and winter of 1536, Henry VIII faced risings first in Lincolnshire, then throughout northern England. These rebellions posed the greatest threat of any encountered by a Tudor monarch. The Pilgrimage of Grace has traditionally been assumed to have been a spontaneous protest against the Dissolution of the Monasteries, but this lively and intriguing study reveals the full story. The book examines the origins of the rebellions in Louth and their spread; it offers new interpretations of the behaviour of many of the leading rebels, including Robert Aske and Thomas Darcy. It also reveals how the engine behind the uprising was the commons, and notably the artisans, of some of the smaller northern towns. Casting new light on the personality of Henry VIII himself, it shows how the gentry of the North worked to dismantle the movement and help the crown neutralise it by guile as events unfolded towards their often tragic conclusions.Less
This is the first full account of the Pilgrimage of Grace since 1915. In the autumn and winter of 1536, Henry VIII faced risings first in Lincolnshire, then throughout northern England. These rebellions posed the greatest threat of any encountered by a Tudor monarch. The Pilgrimage of Grace has traditionally been assumed to have been a spontaneous protest against the Dissolution of the Monasteries, but this lively and intriguing study reveals the full story. The book examines the origins of the rebellions in Louth and their spread; it offers new interpretations of the behaviour of many of the leading rebels, including Robert Aske and Thomas Darcy. It also reveals how the engine behind the uprising was the commons, and notably the artisans, of some of the smaller northern towns. Casting new light on the personality of Henry VIII himself, it shows how the gentry of the North worked to dismantle the movement and help the crown neutralise it by guile as events unfolded towards their often tragic conclusions.
Brian Vickers
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199269167
- eISBN:
- 9780191699368
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199269167.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Shakespeare Studies
No issue in Shakespeare studies is more important than determining what he wrote. For over two centuries scholars have discussed the evidence that Shakespeare worked with co-authors on several plays, ...
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No issue in Shakespeare studies is more important than determining what he wrote. For over two centuries scholars have discussed the evidence that Shakespeare worked with co-authors on several plays, and have used a variety of methods to differentiate their contributions from his. In this wide-ranging study the author takes up and extends these discussions, presenting compelling evidence that Shakespeare wrote Titus Andronicus together with George Peele, Timon of Athens with Thomas Middleton, Pericles with George Wilkins, and Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen with John Fletcher. Part one of the book reviews the standard processes of co-authorship as they can be reconstructed from documents connected with the Elizabethan stage, and shows that all major, and most minor, dramatists in the Elizabethan, Jacobean, and Caroline theatres, collaborated in getting plays written and staged. This is combined with a survey of the types of methodology used since the early nineteenth century to identify co-authorship, and a critical evaluation of some ‘stylometric’ techniques. Part two gives detailed analyses of the five collaborative plays, discussing every significant case made for and against Shakespeare's co-authorship. Synthesizing two centuries of discussion, the author reveals a scholarly tradition, builds on and extends previous work, and identifies the co-authors' contributions in increasing detail. The range and quantity of close verbal analysis brought together in this book present a case to counter those ‘conservators’ of Shakespeare who maintain that he is the sole author of his plays.Less
No issue in Shakespeare studies is more important than determining what he wrote. For over two centuries scholars have discussed the evidence that Shakespeare worked with co-authors on several plays, and have used a variety of methods to differentiate their contributions from his. In this wide-ranging study the author takes up and extends these discussions, presenting compelling evidence that Shakespeare wrote Titus Andronicus together with George Peele, Timon of Athens with Thomas Middleton, Pericles with George Wilkins, and Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen with John Fletcher. Part one of the book reviews the standard processes of co-authorship as they can be reconstructed from documents connected with the Elizabethan stage, and shows that all major, and most minor, dramatists in the Elizabethan, Jacobean, and Caroline theatres, collaborated in getting plays written and staged. This is combined with a survey of the types of methodology used since the early nineteenth century to identify co-authorship, and a critical evaluation of some ‘stylometric’ techniques. Part two gives detailed analyses of the five collaborative plays, discussing every significant case made for and against Shakespeare's co-authorship. Synthesizing two centuries of discussion, the author reveals a scholarly tradition, builds on and extends previous work, and identifies the co-authors' contributions in increasing detail. The range and quantity of close verbal analysis brought together in this book present a case to counter those ‘conservators’ of Shakespeare who maintain that he is the sole author of his plays.
John Fisher
Cecilia A. Hatt (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270119
- eISBN:
- 9780191600609
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198270119.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
John Fisher (1469–1535), appointed bishop of Rochester by Henry VII, was one of the most distinguished churchmen and humanists of the early sixteenth century and Reformation period. A friend of ...
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John Fisher (1469–1535), appointed bishop of Rochester by Henry VII, was one of the most distinguished churchmen and humanists of the early sixteenth century and Reformation period. A friend of Erasmus’, he introduced the study of Greek and Hebrew to the University of Cambridge, of which he was Chancellor, and was beheaded by Henry VIII for his opposition to the Act of Supremacy. He was a notable preacher and author of the first sermon‐sequence to be printed in English. This edition contains introductions and a critical commentary to the English writings of the last 15 years of Fisher's life, including his two anti‐Lutheran sermons, pastoral sermons, and devotional works composed while he was a prisoner in the Tower of London.Less
John Fisher (1469–1535), appointed bishop of Rochester by Henry VII, was one of the most distinguished churchmen and humanists of the early sixteenth century and Reformation period. A friend of Erasmus’, he introduced the study of Greek and Hebrew to the University of Cambridge, of which he was Chancellor, and was beheaded by Henry VIII for his opposition to the Act of Supremacy. He was a notable preacher and author of the first sermon‐sequence to be printed in English. This edition contains introductions and a critical commentary to the English writings of the last 15 years of Fisher's life, including his two anti‐Lutheran sermons, pastoral sermons, and devotional works composed while he was a prisoner in the Tower of London.
David S. Katz
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206675
- eISBN:
- 9780191677267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206675.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter discusses the Jewish element in the making of the English Reformation, showing that, in the years immediately before Henry VIII's ...
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This chapter discusses the Jewish element in the making of the English Reformation, showing that, in the years immediately before Henry VIII's declaration of royal supremacy, he based his entire case on Jewish law and was guided in these obscure matters by learned Italian Jews. Henry's tactics were clear to those around him in 1529 and 1530, yet English historians have been unable to see those years as he saw them himself. At the same time, a subject like the Jewish advocates of Henry VIII's divorce has been largely excluded from what was considered Jewish history, properly speaking. The actual number of Jews involved with the English King was very small, and only one of them came to London. The influence of Jews in the divorce question was very great, far out of proportion to the number of Jews concerned, and thereby must fall within the purview of anyone interested in Anglo-Jewry.Less
This chapter discusses the Jewish element in the making of the English Reformation, showing that, in the years immediately before Henry VIII's declaration of royal supremacy, he based his entire case on Jewish law and was guided in these obscure matters by learned Italian Jews. Henry's tactics were clear to those around him in 1529 and 1530, yet English historians have been unable to see those years as he saw them himself. At the same time, a subject like the Jewish advocates of Henry VIII's divorce has been largely excluded from what was considered Jewish history, properly speaking. The actual number of Jews involved with the English King was very small, and only one of them came to London. The influence of Jews in the divorce question was very great, far out of proportion to the number of Jews concerned, and thereby must fall within the purview of anyone interested in Anglo-Jewry.
Jason P. Rosenblatt
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199286133
- eISBN:
- 9780191713859
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286133.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
This chapter explores marital and gender issues as they are dramatized in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Jonson’s Epicoene. The conflict between Prince Hamlet and Claudius can be recast as a scriptural ...
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This chapter explores marital and gender issues as they are dramatized in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Jonson’s Epicoene. The conflict between Prince Hamlet and Claudius can be recast as a scriptural conflict between the incest taboo of Leviticus 18, which forbids marriage to a sister-in-law, and the rule of levirate marriage in Deuteronomy 25, which commands a brother to marry his deceased brother’s widow. Of relevance here is Henry VIII’s divorce of Catherine of Aragon, the widow of his brother Prince Arthur, in order to marry Ann Boleyn, mother of Elizabeth I. Jonson’s Epicoene strongly alludes to Henry’s ‘great matter’. Selden refers to a suppressed manuscript that hints at one of Henry’s tricks, getting the Pope to agree to a second wife. The chapter finds the source in Ausonius of Selden’s praise of Jonson as poet laureate in his Titles of Honor.Less
This chapter explores marital and gender issues as they are dramatized in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Jonson’s Epicoene. The conflict between Prince Hamlet and Claudius can be recast as a scriptural conflict between the incest taboo of Leviticus 18, which forbids marriage to a sister-in-law, and the rule of levirate marriage in Deuteronomy 25, which commands a brother to marry his deceased brother’s widow. Of relevance here is Henry VIII’s divorce of Catherine of Aragon, the widow of his brother Prince Arthur, in order to marry Ann Boleyn, mother of Elizabeth I. Jonson’s Epicoene strongly alludes to Henry’s ‘great matter’. Selden refers to a suppressed manuscript that hints at one of Henry’s tricks, getting the Pope to agree to a second wife. The chapter finds the source in Ausonius of Selden’s praise of Jonson as poet laureate in his Titles of Honor.
DAVID LOADES
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201939
- eISBN:
- 9780191675089
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201939.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter details the life and career of John Dudley from 1540–1547. On 12 March 1541, Sir John Dudley was became Viscount Lisle, following the death of his stepfather, Lord Lisle. In 1543, he was ...
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This chapter details the life and career of John Dudley from 1540–1547. On 12 March 1541, Sir John Dudley was became Viscount Lisle, following the death of his stepfather, Lord Lisle. In 1543, he was appointed Lord Admiral, becoming one of the great officers of the state. Dudley was an ex officio member of the Privy Council, but did not attend his first meeting until 23 April 1543, when he was sworn. One the same day he was also created a knight of the Garter, along with Lord St. John and Lord William Parr. Within a year of his elevation to the peerage, he became a major political figure. As an administrator he was thorough, reliable, and disciplined. As Henry entered his last great war with France, John Dudley was extremely well placed to take advantage of the opportunities which such campaigns always offered.Less
This chapter details the life and career of John Dudley from 1540–1547. On 12 March 1541, Sir John Dudley was became Viscount Lisle, following the death of his stepfather, Lord Lisle. In 1543, he was appointed Lord Admiral, becoming one of the great officers of the state. Dudley was an ex officio member of the Privy Council, but did not attend his first meeting until 23 April 1543, when he was sworn. One the same day he was also created a knight of the Garter, along with Lord St. John and Lord William Parr. Within a year of his elevation to the peerage, he became a major political figure. As an administrator he was thorough, reliable, and disciplined. As Henry entered his last great war with France, John Dudley was extremely well placed to take advantage of the opportunities which such campaigns always offered.
W. A. Sessions
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198186250
- eISBN:
- 9780191674457
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198186250.003.0012
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
By Royal Letters Patent issued on September 1545, Henry VIII designated the poet Earl of Surrey, ‘The King's Lieutenant’ (a civil appointment) and ‘Captain-General’ (a military appointment for ...
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By Royal Letters Patent issued on September 1545, Henry VIII designated the poet Earl of Surrey, ‘The King's Lieutenant’ (a civil appointment) and ‘Captain-General’ (a military appointment for Boulogne-sur-Mer). In this special citation, Surrey's main task was to defend and command the key port of Boulogne on the Channel coast of northern France. The old Roman city of Boulogne had fallen to the English only a year before. The defeat of the French and the fall of the city signalled the most spectacular military triumph of Henry VIII's career, with the Tudor monarch present in the front lines outside the city walls with young Surrey and most courtiers in attendance. The surrender of 1544 had been carefully dramatized to make the decaying Henry VIII appear like Henry V on the nearby field of Agincourt.Less
By Royal Letters Patent issued on September 1545, Henry VIII designated the poet Earl of Surrey, ‘The King's Lieutenant’ (a civil appointment) and ‘Captain-General’ (a military appointment for Boulogne-sur-Mer). In this special citation, Surrey's main task was to defend and command the key port of Boulogne on the Channel coast of northern France. The old Roman city of Boulogne had fallen to the English only a year before. The defeat of the French and the fall of the city signalled the most spectacular military triumph of Henry VIII's career, with the Tudor monarch present in the front lines outside the city walls with young Surrey and most courtiers in attendance. The surrender of 1544 had been carefully dramatized to make the decaying Henry VIII appear like Henry V on the nearby field of Agincourt.
Greg Walker
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199283330
- eISBN:
- 9780191712630
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283330.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter looks at Sir Thomas Elyot’s best known work, the magisterial Boke Named the Governor, first published in 1531. It argues that the Boke, rather than being a work of merely general advice ...
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This chapter looks at Sir Thomas Elyot’s best known work, the magisterial Boke Named the Governor, first published in 1531. It argues that the Boke, rather than being a work of merely general advice to noblemen and public servants, was in part also aimed directly at Henry VIII and intended as an extended speculum principis designed to counsel moderation in religious and diplomatic policy, and warn against the dangerous divisions in English society. Many of the examples and ideas discussed thus have a direct contemporary context as well as a more general moral or philosophical one. It is vitally important to read the work in the light of the events of 1531 to understand its full implications.Less
This chapter looks at Sir Thomas Elyot’s best known work, the magisterial Boke Named the Governor, first published in 1531. It argues that the Boke, rather than being a work of merely general advice to noblemen and public servants, was in part also aimed directly at Henry VIII and intended as an extended speculum principis designed to counsel moderation in religious and diplomatic policy, and warn against the dangerous divisions in English society. Many of the examples and ideas discussed thus have a direct contemporary context as well as a more general moral or philosophical one. It is vitally important to read the work in the light of the events of 1531 to understand its full implications.
