Richard Swinburne
- Published in print:
- 1989
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198248491
- eISBN:
- 9780191598555
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198248490.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
When we do good or harm to each other, we acquire merit or guilt; deserve praise or blame, reward or punishment, and may need to make atonement. Others may need to forgive us, or show mercy to us. ...
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When we do good or harm to each other, we acquire merit or guilt; deserve praise or blame, reward or punishment, and may need to make atonement. Others may need to forgive us, or show mercy to us. The first part of this book (Chs. 1–7) is an account of how these moral concepts apply to humans in their dealings with each other. The second part (Chs. 8–12) then applies the results of the first part to reach conclusions about which versions of traditional Christian doctrines that utilize these notions are morally plausible. It considers the doctrines of sin and original sin, redemption, sanctification, Heaven and Hell.Less
When we do good or harm to each other, we acquire merit or guilt; deserve praise or blame, reward or punishment, and may need to make atonement. Others may need to forgive us, or show mercy to us. The first part of this book (Chs. 1–7) is an account of how these moral concepts apply to humans in their dealings with each other. The second part (Chs. 8–12) then applies the results of the first part to reach conclusions about which versions of traditional Christian doctrines that utilize these notions are morally plausible. It considers the doctrines of sin and original sin, redemption, sanctification, Heaven and Hell.
Robert C. Solomon
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195181579
- eISBN:
- 9780199786602
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195181573.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Sartre’s No Exit is a conscientiously trite play that explores some profound truths about what Sartre (in Being and Nothingness) calls Being-for-Others. No Exit presents us with three perverse ...
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Sartre’s No Exit is a conscientiously trite play that explores some profound truths about what Sartre (in Being and Nothingness) calls Being-for-Others. No Exit presents us with three perverse characters in Hell who are forced to spend eternity together. The play explores the nature of human relationships, how people deceive one another and deceive themselves. Sartre’s conclusion is “Hell is other people”.Less
Sartre’s No Exit is a conscientiously trite play that explores some profound truths about what Sartre (in Being and Nothingness) calls Being-for-Others. No Exit presents us with three perverse characters in Hell who are forced to spend eternity together. The play explores the nature of human relationships, how people deceive one another and deceive themselves. Sartre’s conclusion is “Hell is other people”.
Jason C Bivins
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195340815
- eISBN:
- 9780199867158
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340815.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This book investigates American political religions by studying how conservative evangelical political orientations are shaped and spread by pop cultural narratives of fear and horror. This book ...
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This book investigates American political religions by studying how conservative evangelical political orientations are shaped and spread by pop cultural narratives of fear and horror. This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to what it calls the “religion of fear”, a form of religious social criticism produced and sustained in evangelical engagements with pop culture. The book's cases include Jack Chick's cartoon tracts, anti‐metal and anti‐rap preaching, the Halloween dramas known as Hell Houses, and Left Behind novels. By situating them in their sociopolitical contexts and drawing out their creators' motivations, the book locates in these entertainments a highly politicized worldview comprising evangelical piety, the aesthetics of genre horror, a narrative of American decline, and a combative approach to public politics. The book also proposes its own theoretical categories for explaining the cases: the Erotics of Fear and the Demonology Within. What does it say about American public life that such ideas of fearful religion and violent politics have become normalized? The book engages this question critically, establishing links and resonances between the cultural politics of evangelical pop, the activism of the New Christian Right, and the political exhaustion facing American democracy.Less
This book investigates American political religions by studying how conservative evangelical political orientations are shaped and spread by pop cultural narratives of fear and horror. This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to what it calls the “religion of fear”, a form of religious social criticism produced and sustained in evangelical engagements with pop culture. The book's cases include Jack Chick's cartoon tracts, anti‐metal and anti‐rap preaching, the Halloween dramas known as Hell Houses, and Left Behind novels. By situating them in their sociopolitical contexts and drawing out their creators' motivations, the book locates in these entertainments a highly politicized worldview comprising evangelical piety, the aesthetics of genre horror, a narrative of American decline, and a combative approach to public politics. The book also proposes its own theoretical categories for explaining the cases: the Erotics of Fear and the Demonology Within. What does it say about American public life that such ideas of fearful religion and violent politics have become normalized? The book engages this question critically, establishing links and resonances between the cultural politics of evangelical pop, the activism of the New Christian Right, and the political exhaustion facing American democracy.
Jason C. Bivins
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195340815
- eISBN:
- 9780199867158
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340815.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The subject of this chapter is the growing popularity of Christian alternatives to Halloween haunted houses. The most famous of these is Keenan Roberts's Hell House, a multiscene morality play that ...
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The subject of this chapter is the growing popularity of Christian alternatives to Halloween haunted houses. The most famous of these is Keenan Roberts's Hell House, a multiscene morality play that uses the techniques of horror entertainment to illustrate both a general and a specific narrative of social and political decline. These phenomena became very popular — attracting the attention of both supporters and critics — and explicitly engage the hot‐button political issues central to New Christian Right activism and organizing. Hell Houses' individual scenes illustrate to adolescents the harms (such as abortion, gay weddings, and school shootings) awaiting them in a society that — nominally committed to tolerance and social harmony — has unwittingly drawn them toward hellfire.Less
The subject of this chapter is the growing popularity of Christian alternatives to Halloween haunted houses. The most famous of these is Keenan Roberts's Hell House, a multiscene morality play that uses the techniques of horror entertainment to illustrate both a general and a specific narrative of social and political decline. These phenomena became very popular — attracting the attention of both supporters and critics — and explicitly engage the hot‐button political issues central to New Christian Right activism and organizing. Hell Houses' individual scenes illustrate to adolescents the harms (such as abortion, gay weddings, and school shootings) awaiting them in a society that — nominally committed to tolerance and social harmony — has unwittingly drawn them toward hellfire.
John Marenbon
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691142555
- eISBN:
- 9781400866359
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691142555.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter considers the highly paradoxical position occupied by ancient pagans, who are considered genuinely and outstandingly virtuous and yet at the same are condemned to Hell. This paradox is ...
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This chapter considers the highly paradoxical position occupied by ancient pagans, who are considered genuinely and outstandingly virtuous and yet at the same are condemned to Hell. This paradox is discussed in detail before the chapter goes on to explain Dante's position in this paradox, by looking at Dante's attitude to pagan wisdom and its relation to Christianity, especially his adoption, but transformation, of the position of limited relativism which strictly separates the spheres of philosophical enquiry and Christian doctrine. The damnation of virtuous pagans turns out to be the price required by this approach, which remains deliberately paradoxical, despite Dante's innovation of placing them in a special part of Hell, where there are no physical torments. Furthermore, the chapter looks at another aspect of Dante's discussion of paganism — his treatment of Epicurus and his followers — and links it to a comparison with his great admirer and commentator, Boccaccio.Less
This chapter considers the highly paradoxical position occupied by ancient pagans, who are considered genuinely and outstandingly virtuous and yet at the same are condemned to Hell. This paradox is discussed in detail before the chapter goes on to explain Dante's position in this paradox, by looking at Dante's attitude to pagan wisdom and its relation to Christianity, especially his adoption, but transformation, of the position of limited relativism which strictly separates the spheres of philosophical enquiry and Christian doctrine. The damnation of virtuous pagans turns out to be the price required by this approach, which remains deliberately paradoxical, despite Dante's innovation of placing them in a special part of Hell, where there are no physical torments. Furthermore, the chapter looks at another aspect of Dante's discussion of paganism — his treatment of Epicurus and his followers — and links it to a comparison with his great admirer and commentator, Boccaccio.
Paul Russell
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195110333
- eISBN:
- 9780199872084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195110333.003.0014
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Even commentators who have explicitly argued that the Treatise has little to say on issues of religion generally accept that Hume's discussion of the immateriality of the soul contains an obvious ...
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Even commentators who have explicitly argued that the Treatise has little to say on issues of religion generally accept that Hume's discussion of the immateriality of the soul contains an obvious irreligious message. This chapter's aim, therefore, is not to labor this point (i.e. that Hume's views about the soul, immaterial substance, and personal identity are of irreligious significance), but rather to indicate the specific way in which Hume's arguments on this subject are related to the main debate between theists and atheists during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. These observations show the way in which Hume's arguments on this subject are intimately connected with his wider irreligious aims and objectives throughout the Treatise.Less
Even commentators who have explicitly argued that the Treatise has little to say on issues of religion generally accept that Hume's discussion of the immateriality of the soul contains an obvious irreligious message. This chapter's aim, therefore, is not to labor this point (i.e. that Hume's views about the soul, immaterial substance, and personal identity are of irreligious significance), but rather to indicate the specific way in which Hume's arguments on this subject are related to the main debate between theists and atheists during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. These observations show the way in which Hume's arguments on this subject are intimately connected with his wider irreligious aims and objectives throughout the Treatise.
Paul Russell
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195110333
- eISBN:
- 9780199872084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195110333.003.0016
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter considers Hume's views on the subject “of liberty and necessity” in light of the relevant debate(s) that situate and structure his own contribution in the Treatise (T, 2.3.1–2). The ...
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This chapter considers Hume's views on the subject “of liberty and necessity” in light of the relevant debate(s) that situate and structure his own contribution in the Treatise (T, 2.3.1–2). The primary concern is to show that, contrary to the orthodox view, Hume's arguments on this subject are highly relevant to problems of religion as Hume and his contemporaries understood and debated them. More specifically, Hume's necessitarianism is both metaphysically and methodologically a core part of his entire (Hobbist) project to establish a secular, scientific account of moral life. Related to this, one of the central lessons of Hume's discussion of free will in the Treatise, as it concerns his more extended views about the nature and conditions of moral responsibility, is that these are issues that we can make sense of only within the fabric of human nature and human society.Less
This chapter considers Hume's views on the subject “of liberty and necessity” in light of the relevant debate(s) that situate and structure his own contribution in the Treatise (T, 2.3.1–2). The primary concern is to show that, contrary to the orthodox view, Hume's arguments on this subject are highly relevant to problems of religion as Hume and his contemporaries understood and debated them. More specifically, Hume's necessitarianism is both metaphysically and methodologically a core part of his entire (Hobbist) project to establish a secular, scientific account of moral life. Related to this, one of the central lessons of Hume's discussion of free will in the Treatise, as it concerns his more extended views about the nature and conditions of moral responsibility, is that these are issues that we can make sense of only within the fabric of human nature and human society.
Solomon Schimmel
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195128413
- eISBN:
- 9780199834648
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195128419.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Examines the emotion of revenge from biological, psychological, biblical, Jewish, Christian, and philosophical perspectives, and the relationship between revenge, retribution, and justice. The author ...
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Examines the emotion of revenge from biological, psychological, biblical, Jewish, Christian, and philosophical perspectives, and the relationship between revenge, retribution, and justice. The author explores the dual ethic, which condemns vengeance against members of one's own group but not against “the other”, and discusses the relationship between the desire for vengeance and the Christian concept of Hell. The chapter concludes with a discussion of “grudge theory” – why we maintain grudges, and the benefits and liabilities of doing so for the grudge holder.Less
Examines the emotion of revenge from biological, psychological, biblical, Jewish, Christian, and philosophical perspectives, and the relationship between revenge, retribution, and justice. The author explores the dual ethic, which condemns vengeance against members of one's own group but not against “the other”, and discusses the relationship between the desire for vengeance and the Christian concept of Hell. The chapter concludes with a discussion of “grudge theory” – why we maintain grudges, and the benefits and liabilities of doing so for the grudge holder.
Rachel Falconer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748617630
- eISBN:
- 9780748651733
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748617630.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
What does it mean when people use the word ‘Hell’ to convey the horror of an actual, personal or historical experience? This book explores the idea that modern, Western secular cultures have retained ...
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What does it mean when people use the word ‘Hell’ to convey the horror of an actual, personal or historical experience? This book explores the idea that modern, Western secular cultures have retained a belief in the concept of Hell as an event or experience of endless or unjust suffering. In the contemporary period, the descent to Hell has come to represent the means of recovering – or discovering – selfhood. In exploring these ideas, the book discusses descent journeys in Holocaust testimony and fiction, memoirs of mental illness, and feminist, postmodern and postcolonial narratives written after 1945. A wide range of texts are discussed, including writing by Primo Levi, W.G. Sebald, Anne Michaels, Alasdair Gray and Salman Rushdie, and films such as Coppola's Apocalypse Now and the Matrix trilogy. Drawing on theoretical writing by Bakhtin, Levinas, Derrida, Judith Butler, David Harvey and Paul Ricoeur, the book addresses such broader theoretical issues as: narration and identity; the ethics of the subject; trauma and memory; descent as sexual or political dissent; the interrelation of realism and fantasy; and Occidentalism and Orientalism.Less
What does it mean when people use the word ‘Hell’ to convey the horror of an actual, personal or historical experience? This book explores the idea that modern, Western secular cultures have retained a belief in the concept of Hell as an event or experience of endless or unjust suffering. In the contemporary period, the descent to Hell has come to represent the means of recovering – or discovering – selfhood. In exploring these ideas, the book discusses descent journeys in Holocaust testimony and fiction, memoirs of mental illness, and feminist, postmodern and postcolonial narratives written after 1945. A wide range of texts are discussed, including writing by Primo Levi, W.G. Sebald, Anne Michaels, Alasdair Gray and Salman Rushdie, and films such as Coppola's Apocalypse Now and the Matrix trilogy. Drawing on theoretical writing by Bakhtin, Levinas, Derrida, Judith Butler, David Harvey and Paul Ricoeur, the book addresses such broader theoretical issues as: narration and identity; the ethics of the subject; trauma and memory; descent as sexual or political dissent; the interrelation of realism and fantasy; and Occidentalism and Orientalism.
William Clare Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691180816
- eISBN:
- 9781400883707
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691180816.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This book reconstructs the major arguments of Karl Marx's Capital and inaugurates a completely new reading of a seminal classic. Rather than simply a critique of classical political economy, the book ...
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This book reconstructs the major arguments of Karl Marx's Capital and inaugurates a completely new reading of a seminal classic. Rather than simply a critique of classical political economy, the book argues that Capital was primarily a careful engagement with the motives and aims of the workers' movement. Understood in this light, Capital emerges as a profound work of political theory. Placing Marx against the background of nineteenth-century socialism, the book shows how Capital was ingeniously modeled on Dante's Inferno, and how Marx, playing the role of Virgil for the proletariat, introduced partisans of workers' emancipation to the secret depths of the modern “social Hell.” In this manner, Marx revised republican ideas of freedom in response to the rise of capitalism. Combining research on Marx's interlocutors, textual scholarship, and forays into recent debates, the book traces the continuities linking Marx's theory of capitalism to the tradition of republican political thought. It immerses the reader in socialist debates about the nature of commerce, the experience of labor, the power of bosses and managers, and the possibilities of political organization. The book rescues those debates from the past and shows how they speak to ever-renewed concerns about political life in today's world.Less
This book reconstructs the major arguments of Karl Marx's Capital and inaugurates a completely new reading of a seminal classic. Rather than simply a critique of classical political economy, the book argues that Capital was primarily a careful engagement with the motives and aims of the workers' movement. Understood in this light, Capital emerges as a profound work of political theory. Placing Marx against the background of nineteenth-century socialism, the book shows how Capital was ingeniously modeled on Dante's Inferno, and how Marx, playing the role of Virgil for the proletariat, introduced partisans of workers' emancipation to the secret depths of the modern “social Hell.” In this manner, Marx revised republican ideas of freedom in response to the rise of capitalism. Combining research on Marx's interlocutors, textual scholarship, and forays into recent debates, the book traces the continuities linking Marx's theory of capitalism to the tradition of republican political thought. It immerses the reader in socialist debates about the nature of commerce, the experience of labor, the power of bosses and managers, and the possibilities of political organization. The book rescues those debates from the past and shows how they speak to ever-renewed concerns about political life in today's world.
Gerard O'Daly
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199263950
- eISBN:
- 9780191741364
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199263950.003.0006
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval, Poetry and Poets: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter discusses the poem's themes: various kinds of light, natural and artificial, as gifts of the creator Christ, defeating night and darkness; the narrative of Moses and the Exodus from ...
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This chapter discusses the poem's themes: various kinds of light, natural and artificial, as gifts of the creator Christ, defeating night and darkness; the narrative of Moses and the Exodus from Egypt, the burning bush, the Red Sea crossing, divine gifts of food and drink to the Jews in the desert; symbolic interpretation of Exodus as life's journey towards paradise, which is evoked in idyllic terms; Christ's descent into Hell; evening vigils in the lit-up basilica; the Trinitarian motif; and the intertextual link to Horace.Less
This chapter discusses the poem's themes: various kinds of light, natural and artificial, as gifts of the creator Christ, defeating night and darkness; the narrative of Moses and the Exodus from Egypt, the burning bush, the Red Sea crossing, divine gifts of food and drink to the Jews in the desert; symbolic interpretation of Exodus as life's journey towards paradise, which is evoked in idyllic terms; Christ's descent into Hell; evening vigils in the lit-up basilica; the Trinitarian motif; and the intertextual link to Horace.
Gerard O'Daly
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199263950
- eISBN:
- 9780191741364
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199263950.003.0010
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval, Poetry and Poets: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter discusses the themes of the poem: praise of God and Christ, indebted to the language and motifs of the Psalms; the generation of the Son from the Father, in terms reflecting Nicene ...
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This chapter discusses the themes of the poem: praise of God and Christ, indebted to the language and motifs of the Psalms; the generation of the Son from the Father, in terms reflecting Nicene orthodoxy; the Son as creator of the universe; miracles performed by Christ; Christ's descent into Hell after the crucifixion; and Christ's ascent into heaven and his role as judge.Less
This chapter discusses the themes of the poem: praise of God and Christ, indebted to the language and motifs of the Psalms; the generation of the Son from the Father, in terms reflecting Nicene orthodoxy; the Son as creator of the universe; miracles performed by Christ; Christ's descent into Hell after the crucifixion; and Christ's ascent into heaven and his role as judge.
Valerio Lucchesi
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198159117
- eISBN:
- 9780191673498
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159117.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature, European Literature
In Inferno X, Farinata degli Uberti provides a curious example of the internecine strife and at the same time of Florence's inability to recognize a worthy citizen destroyed by the schismatic forces ...
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In Inferno X, Farinata degli Uberti provides a curious example of the internecine strife and at the same time of Florence's inability to recognize a worthy citizen destroyed by the schismatic forces inevitably created by contemporary affiliations. Farinata's arrogance, here put into relief by Cavalcante's timidity, was a widespread feature of the Florentine aristocratic class, the magnates, to which he belonged. The great Ghibelline's social presumptuousness and his claim to be beyond and above human justice were projected into his afterlife, notably by his denial of the possible survival of the soul. In this episode, parochial politics is extended not only to the imperial struggle but also beyond the grave in a display of arrogance which involves the loss of Farinata's mortal resting place in Florence and the eternal possession of a fiery tomb in Hell.Less
In Inferno X, Farinata degli Uberti provides a curious example of the internecine strife and at the same time of Florence's inability to recognize a worthy citizen destroyed by the schismatic forces inevitably created by contemporary affiliations. Farinata's arrogance, here put into relief by Cavalcante's timidity, was a widespread feature of the Florentine aristocratic class, the magnates, to which he belonged. The great Ghibelline's social presumptuousness and his claim to be beyond and above human justice were projected into his afterlife, notably by his denial of the possible survival of the soul. In this episode, parochial politics is extended not only to the imperial struggle but also beyond the grave in a display of arrogance which involves the loss of Farinata's mortal resting place in Florence and the eternal possession of a fiery tomb in Hell.
JOHN BAYLEY
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198117636
- eISBN:
- 9780191671036
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198117636.003.0011
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter discusses two of Housman's works, ‘Hell Gate’ and ‘Parnassus’. The analysis and discussion of these poems show that ‘Hell Gate’ is very much ‘composed’, and that the texture of the ...
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This chapter discusses two of Housman's works, ‘Hell Gate’ and ‘Parnassus’. The analysis and discussion of these poems show that ‘Hell Gate’ is very much ‘composed’, and that the texture of the diction seems intimately connected with the happy outcome of the poem.Less
This chapter discusses two of Housman's works, ‘Hell Gate’ and ‘Parnassus’. The analysis and discussion of these poems show that ‘Hell Gate’ is very much ‘composed’, and that the texture of the diction seems intimately connected with the happy outcome of the poem.
Richard Swinburne
- Published in print:
- 1989
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198248491
- eISBN:
- 9780191598555
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198248490.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter is concerned with the fates in the afterlife (traditionally called Heaven, Hell, Purgatory, and Limbo) that a good God would allocate to different humans. The totally corrupt have freely ...
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This chapter is concerned with the fates in the afterlife (traditionally called Heaven, Hell, Purgatory, and Limbo) that a good God would allocate to different humans. The totally corrupt have freely chosen to become so, and it would be an unwarranted imposition for God to give them any other character; hence, if God keeps them alive, their happiness can consist only in low‐level enjoyment. God will give to the sanctified (in company with each other) the (un‐merited) Beatific Vision of himself; and good pagans are to be included in this group. God may award (temporarily or permanently) intermediate fates to those with characters not fully formed.Less
This chapter is concerned with the fates in the afterlife (traditionally called Heaven, Hell, Purgatory, and Limbo) that a good God would allocate to different humans. The totally corrupt have freely chosen to become so, and it would be an unwarranted imposition for God to give them any other character; hence, if God keeps them alive, their happiness can consist only in low‐level enjoyment. God will give to the sanctified (in company with each other) the (un‐merited) Beatific Vision of himself; and good pagans are to be included in this group. God may award (temporarily or permanently) intermediate fates to those with characters not fully formed.
Keith Ward
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269618
- eISBN:
- 9780191683718
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269618.003.0013
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, World Religions
This chapter examines the view of Christianity on human destiny. It suggests that there are conflicting accounts of the life after death in Christian tradition. There are accounts which hold that ...
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This chapter examines the view of Christianity on human destiny. It suggests that there are conflicting accounts of the life after death in Christian tradition. There are accounts which hold that after Jesus died and descended to Sheol, he divided the place into Heaven and Hell, and after which all souls pass to Heaven or Hell immediately after death. It this is to be taken as true, then all the Final Judgment can do is to confirm the judgement that has already been passed at the point of death.Less
This chapter examines the view of Christianity on human destiny. It suggests that there are conflicting accounts of the life after death in Christian tradition. There are accounts which hold that after Jesus died and descended to Sheol, he divided the place into Heaven and Hell, and after which all souls pass to Heaven or Hell immediately after death. It this is to be taken as true, then all the Final Judgment can do is to confirm the judgement that has already been passed at the point of death.
Steven Nadler
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199247073
- eISBN:
- 9780191598074
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199247072.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Examines various traditions in Judaism regarding the post‐mortem fate of the person in Heaven and/or Hell and the immortality of the soul. Selected sources include the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud, ...
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Examines various traditions in Judaism regarding the post‐mortem fate of the person in Heaven and/or Hell and the immortality of the soul. Selected sources include the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud, midrashim, and other rabbinic texts. The discussion is focused on the ways in which Jewish traditions have portrayed the after life and its moral dimensions, especially the rewards of virtue and the punishment of sin.Less
Examines various traditions in Judaism regarding the post‐mortem fate of the person in Heaven and/or Hell and the immortality of the soul. Selected sources include the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud, midrashim, and other rabbinic texts. The discussion is focused on the ways in which Jewish traditions have portrayed the after life and its moral dimensions, especially the rewards of virtue and the punishment of sin.
Marva Griffin Carter
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195108910
- eISBN:
- 9780199865796
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195108910.003.0012
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter discusses the life of Will Cook during his latter years. It narrates that Will died on July 24, 1944 at the age of 75, after battling against several diseases such as tuberculosis, ...
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This chapter discusses the life of Will Cook during his latter years. It narrates that Will died on July 24, 1944 at the age of 75, after battling against several diseases such as tuberculosis, pancreatic cancer, and a heart condition. It discusses that Will Cook began to write his autobiography, A Hell of a Life, during his latter years. It explains that his autobiography shows that he recognized that his shortcomings in life were not brought by his complexion, but rather by his uncontrollable actions or reactions to the real or imagined wrongs. This chapter also tells of several versions of the story why Cook did not pursue his career as a violinist. It highlights that history is indebted to this troubled man of genius for pioneering black musical comedies, syncopated orchestra achievements, and uncompromising fight for racial equality.Less
This chapter discusses the life of Will Cook during his latter years. It narrates that Will died on July 24, 1944 at the age of 75, after battling against several diseases such as tuberculosis, pancreatic cancer, and a heart condition. It discusses that Will Cook began to write his autobiography, A Hell of a Life, during his latter years. It explains that his autobiography shows that he recognized that his shortcomings in life were not brought by his complexion, but rather by his uncontrollable actions or reactions to the real or imagined wrongs. This chapter also tells of several versions of the story why Cook did not pursue his career as a violinist. It highlights that history is indebted to this troubled man of genius for pioneering black musical comedies, syncopated orchestra achievements, and uncompromising fight for racial equality.
Mark S. M. Scott
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199841141
- eISBN:
- 9780199949809
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199841141.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
The sixth chapter examines Origen's universalism. It argues that the story of his theodicy ends with the annihilation of evil when God will be all in all. It clarifies the ambiguity in Origen's ...
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The sixth chapter examines Origen's universalism. It argues that the story of his theodicy ends with the annihilation of evil when God will be all in all. It clarifies the ambiguity in Origen's position on universal salvation. Origen accommodates his teachings on hell to the intellectual and spiritual capacity of his audience. As a caretaker of souls, he warns against the fires of hell to the simple and immature, while to the more advanced, he cautiously speculates on the possibility of salvation beyond hell, even the salvation of the Devil. Just as parents must sometimes deceive their children to promote their physical, intellectual, and spiritual well-being, so God must sometime deceive us with the threat of eternal, physical hellfire to promote our spiritual well-being. In his teaching, Origen employs the principles of pedagogical accommodation and pastoral edification.Less
The sixth chapter examines Origen's universalism. It argues that the story of his theodicy ends with the annihilation of evil when God will be all in all. It clarifies the ambiguity in Origen's position on universal salvation. Origen accommodates his teachings on hell to the intellectual and spiritual capacity of his audience. As a caretaker of souls, he warns against the fires of hell to the simple and immature, while to the more advanced, he cautiously speculates on the possibility of salvation beyond hell, even the salvation of the Devil. Just as parents must sometimes deceive their children to promote their physical, intellectual, and spiritual well-being, so God must sometime deceive us with the threat of eternal, physical hellfire to promote our spiritual well-being. In his teaching, Origen employs the principles of pedagogical accommodation and pastoral edification.
Peter D. G. Thomas
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205449
- eISBN:
- 9780191676642
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205449.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter discusses John Wilkes' early life, including his family background and his marriage to Mary Mead. It looks at Wilkes' introduction to the Hell Fire Club and his friendship with Thomas ...
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This chapter discusses John Wilkes' early life, including his family background and his marriage to Mary Mead. It looks at Wilkes' introduction to the Hell Fire Club and his friendship with Thomas Potter, who was responsible for Wilkes' election to Parliament. The chapter also discusses the first steps Wilkes took to become a prominent political figure, including securing his election to one of the seats for Aylesbury.Less
This chapter discusses John Wilkes' early life, including his family background and his marriage to Mary Mead. It looks at Wilkes' introduction to the Hell Fire Club and his friendship with Thomas Potter, who was responsible for Wilkes' election to Parliament. The chapter also discusses the first steps Wilkes took to become a prominent political figure, including securing his election to one of the seats for Aylesbury.
