Azar Gat
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207153
- eISBN:
- 9780191677519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207153.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Military History, History of Ideas
Basil Henry Liddell Hart is perhaps the most well-known strategic theorist of the twentieth century, however since his death, his ideas were subjected to scholarly criticism and his reputation ...
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Basil Henry Liddell Hart is perhaps the most well-known strategic theorist of the twentieth century, however since his death, his ideas were subjected to scholarly criticism and his reputation suffered heavy blows. His theories were criticised as historically dubious, politically unrealistic, and strategically dangerous. He was also charged of being guilty of manipulating evidence and people to serve his personal interest and to enhance his reputation. This second part of the book examines Liddell Hart 's contribution to strategic theory. This second part of the book aims to overturn much of the criticisms hurtled against Liddell. In the following pages of the second part, are several strategic paradigm of an epoch served through the intellectual biography of Liddell Hart.Less
Basil Henry Liddell Hart is perhaps the most well-known strategic theorist of the twentieth century, however since his death, his ideas were subjected to scholarly criticism and his reputation suffered heavy blows. His theories were criticised as historically dubious, politically unrealistic, and strategically dangerous. He was also charged of being guilty of manipulating evidence and people to serve his personal interest and to enhance his reputation. This second part of the book examines Liddell Hart 's contribution to strategic theory. This second part of the book aims to overturn much of the criticisms hurtled against Liddell. In the following pages of the second part, are several strategic paradigm of an epoch served through the intellectual biography of Liddell Hart.
H.L.A. Hart
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199534777
- eISBN:
- 9780191720703
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199534777.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This classic collection of essays, first published in 1968, has had an enduring impact on academic and public debates about criminal responsibility and criminal punishment. Forty years on, its ...
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This classic collection of essays, first published in 1968, has had an enduring impact on academic and public debates about criminal responsibility and criminal punishment. Forty years on, its arguments are as powerful as ever. H. L. A. Hart offers an alternative to retributive thinking about criminal punishment that nevertheless preserves the central distinction between guilt and innocence. He also provides an account of criminal responsibility that links the distinction between guilt and innocence closely to the ideal of the rule of law, and thereby attempts to by-pass unnerving debates about free will and determinism. Always engaged with live issues of law and public policy, Hart makes difficult philosophical puzzles accessible and immediate to a wide range of readers. For this new edition, otherwise a reproduction of the original, John Gardner adds an introduction, which provides a critical engagement with the book's main arguments, and explains the continuing importance of Hart's ideas in spite of the intervening revival of retributive thinking in both academic and policy circles. Unavailable for ten years, the new edition of Punishment and Responsibility makes available again the central text in the field for a new generation of academics, students and professionals engaged in criminal justice and penal policy.Less
This classic collection of essays, first published in 1968, has had an enduring impact on academic and public debates about criminal responsibility and criminal punishment. Forty years on, its arguments are as powerful as ever. H. L. A. Hart offers an alternative to retributive thinking about criminal punishment that nevertheless preserves the central distinction between guilt and innocence. He also provides an account of criminal responsibility that links the distinction between guilt and innocence closely to the ideal of the rule of law, and thereby attempts to by-pass unnerving debates about free will and determinism. Always engaged with live issues of law and public policy, Hart makes difficult philosophical puzzles accessible and immediate to a wide range of readers. For this new edition, otherwise a reproduction of the original, John Gardner adds an introduction, which provides a critical engagement with the book's main arguments, and explains the continuing importance of Hart's ideas in spite of the intervening revival of retributive thinking in both academic and policy circles. Unavailable for ten years, the new edition of Punishment and Responsibility makes available again the central text in the field for a new generation of academics, students and professionals engaged in criminal justice and penal policy.
Pavlos Eleftheriadis
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199545285
- eISBN:
- 9780191719899
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199545285.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
How can there be rights in law? We learn from moral philosophy that rights protect persons in a special way because they have peremptory force. But how can this aspect of practical reason be captured ...
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How can there be rights in law? We learn from moral philosophy that rights protect persons in a special way because they have peremptory force. But how can this aspect of practical reason be captured by the law? For many leading legal philosophers the legal order is constructed on the foundations of factual sources and with materials provided by technical argument. For this ‘legal positivist’ school of jurisprudence, the law endorses rights by some official act suitably communicated. But how can any such legal enactment recreate the proper force of rights? Rights take their meaning and importance from moral reflection, which only expresses itself in practical reasoning. This puzzle about rights invites a reconsideration of the nature and methods of legal doctrine and of jurisprudence itself. Legal Rights argues that the theory of law and legal concepts is a project of moral and political philosophy, the best account of which is to be found in the social contract tradition. It outlines an argument according to which legal rights can be justified before equal citizens under the constraints of public reason. The place of rights in law is explained by the unique position of law as an essential component of the civil condition and a necessary condition for freedom.Less
How can there be rights in law? We learn from moral philosophy that rights protect persons in a special way because they have peremptory force. But how can this aspect of practical reason be captured by the law? For many leading legal philosophers the legal order is constructed on the foundations of factual sources and with materials provided by technical argument. For this ‘legal positivist’ school of jurisprudence, the law endorses rights by some official act suitably communicated. But how can any such legal enactment recreate the proper force of rights? Rights take their meaning and importance from moral reflection, which only expresses itself in practical reasoning. This puzzle about rights invites a reconsideration of the nature and methods of legal doctrine and of jurisprudence itself. Legal Rights argues that the theory of law and legal concepts is a project of moral and political philosophy, the best account of which is to be found in the social contract tradition. It outlines an argument according to which legal rights can be justified before equal citizens under the constraints of public reason. The place of rights in law is explained by the unique position of law as an essential component of the civil condition and a necessary condition for freedom.
Margaret Gilbert
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199274956
- eISBN:
- 9780191603976
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199274959.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
A political society was defined in Chapter 1 as a society with institutions of governance. These institutions are its institutions. Three kinds of institution of governance are discussed, all ...
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A political society was defined in Chapter 1 as a society with institutions of governance. These institutions are its institutions. Three kinds of institution of governance are discussed, all involving social rules of one kind or another: governing rules, personal rule, and rules of governance or constitutional rules. The nature of social rules is explored in counterpoint to the classical account of H.L.A. Hart, and an alternative joint commitment account is offered. Given this account, the members of a political society are jointly committed to uphold its institutions of governance. By the argument of the previous chapters, they will then be obligated to uphold the institutions in question. This is the gist of the plural subject theory of political obligation.Less
A political society was defined in Chapter 1 as a society with institutions of governance. These institutions are its institutions. Three kinds of institution of governance are discussed, all involving social rules of one kind or another: governing rules, personal rule, and rules of governance or constitutional rules. The nature of social rules is explored in counterpoint to the classical account of H.L.A. Hart, and an alternative joint commitment account is offered. Given this account, the members of a political society are jointly committed to uphold its institutions of governance. By the argument of the previous chapters, they will then be obligated to uphold the institutions in question. This is the gist of the plural subject theory of political obligation.
Lesley J. Gordon
Carol K. Bleser (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195330854
- eISBN:
- 9780199851393
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195330854.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
From Robert E. and Mary Lee to Ulysses S. and Julia Grant, this book examines the marriages of twelve prominent military commanders, highlighting the impact wives had on their famous husbands' ...
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From Robert E. and Mary Lee to Ulysses S. and Julia Grant, this book examines the marriages of twelve prominent military commanders, highlighting the impact wives had on their famous husbands' careers. The authors assemble an array of scholars to explore the marriages of six Confederate and six Union commanders. Contributors reveal that, for many of these men, the matrimonial bond was the most important relationship in their lives, one that shaped (and was shaped by) their military experience. In some cases, the commanders' spouses proved relentless and skillful promoters of their husbands' careers. Jessie Frémont drew on all of her connections as the daughter of former Senator Thomas Hart Benton to aid her modestly talented husband John. Others bolstered their military spouses in less direct ways. For example, Ulysses S. Grant's relationship with Julia (a Southerner and former slave owner herself) kept him anchored in stormy times. Here, too, are tense and tempestuous pairings, such as William Tecumseh Sherman and his wife Ellen — his foster sister before becoming his wife — and Jefferson Davis's complex bond with Varina, further complicated by the hostile rumors about the two in Richmond society.Less
From Robert E. and Mary Lee to Ulysses S. and Julia Grant, this book examines the marriages of twelve prominent military commanders, highlighting the impact wives had on their famous husbands' careers. The authors assemble an array of scholars to explore the marriages of six Confederate and six Union commanders. Contributors reveal that, for many of these men, the matrimonial bond was the most important relationship in their lives, one that shaped (and was shaped by) their military experience. In some cases, the commanders' spouses proved relentless and skillful promoters of their husbands' careers. Jessie Frémont drew on all of her connections as the daughter of former Senator Thomas Hart Benton to aid her modestly talented husband John. Others bolstered their military spouses in less direct ways. For example, Ulysses S. Grant's relationship with Julia (a Southerner and former slave owner herself) kept him anchored in stormy times. Here, too, are tense and tempestuous pairings, such as William Tecumseh Sherman and his wife Ellen — his foster sister before becoming his wife — and Jefferson Davis's complex bond with Varina, further complicated by the hostile rumors about the two in Richmond society.
A. W. Brian Simpson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199693320
- eISBN:
- 9780191731983
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693320.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
HLA Hart's The Concept of Law is one of the most influential works of philosophy of the 20th century, redefining the field of legal philosophy and introducing generations of students to philosophical ...
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HLA Hart's The Concept of Law is one of the most influential works of philosophy of the 20th century, redefining the field of legal philosophy and introducing generations of students to philosophical reflection on the nature of law. Since its publication in 1961 an industry of academic research and debate has grown up around the book, disputing, refining, and developing Hart's work. Under the sheer volume of competing interpretations of the book the original contexts — cultural and intellectual — that shaped Hart's project can be obscured. This book attempts to sweep aside the volumes of academic criticism and return to ‘Troy I’, revealing the world of post-war Oxford that produced Hart and his famous book. Drawing on personal experience of studying and teaching in Oxford at the time Hart developed The Concept of Law, this book recreates the social and intellectual culture of Oxford philosophy and the law faculty in the 1950s. It traces Hart's early work and influences, within and outside Oxford, showing how Hart developed his picture of philosophy and its potential for enriching the understanding of law. It also lays bare the painful shortcomings of post-war Oxford academia, depicting a world of eccentric dons and intellectual Cyclopses — isolated and closed to broad, interdisciplinary exchange — arguing that Hart did not escape from the limitations of his intellectual world.Less
HLA Hart's The Concept of Law is one of the most influential works of philosophy of the 20th century, redefining the field of legal philosophy and introducing generations of students to philosophical reflection on the nature of law. Since its publication in 1961 an industry of academic research and debate has grown up around the book, disputing, refining, and developing Hart's work. Under the sheer volume of competing interpretations of the book the original contexts — cultural and intellectual — that shaped Hart's project can be obscured. This book attempts to sweep aside the volumes of academic criticism and return to ‘Troy I’, revealing the world of post-war Oxford that produced Hart and his famous book. Drawing on personal experience of studying and teaching in Oxford at the time Hart developed The Concept of Law, this book recreates the social and intellectual culture of Oxford philosophy and the law faculty in the 1950s. It traces Hart's early work and influences, within and outside Oxford, showing how Hart developed his picture of philosophy and its potential for enriching the understanding of law. It also lays bare the painful shortcomings of post-war Oxford academia, depicting a world of eccentric dons and intellectual Cyclopses — isolated and closed to broad, interdisciplinary exchange — arguing that Hart did not escape from the limitations of his intellectual world.
Matthew H. Kramer
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199264834
- eISBN:
- 9780191705229
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264834.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
As an uncompromising defense of legal positivism, this book insists on the separability of law and morality. After distinguishing among three main dimensions of morality, the book explores a variety ...
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As an uncompromising defense of legal positivism, this book insists on the separability of law and morality. After distinguishing among three main dimensions of morality, the book explores a variety of ways in which law has been perceived by natural-law theorists as integrally connected to each of those dimensions. Some of the chapters pose arguments against major philosophers who have written on these issues, including David Lyons, Lon Fuller, Antony Duff, Joseph Raz, Ronald Dworkin, John Finnis, Philip Soper, Neil MacCormick, Robert Alexy, Gerald Postema, Stephen Perry, and Michael Moore. Several other chapters extend rather than defend legal positivism; they refine the insights of positivism and develop the implications of those insights in strikingly novel directions. The book concludes with a long discussion of the obligation to obey the law — a discussion that highlights the strengths of legal positivism in the domain of political philosophy as much as in the domain of jurisprudence.Less
As an uncompromising defense of legal positivism, this book insists on the separability of law and morality. After distinguishing among three main dimensions of morality, the book explores a variety of ways in which law has been perceived by natural-law theorists as integrally connected to each of those dimensions. Some of the chapters pose arguments against major philosophers who have written on these issues, including David Lyons, Lon Fuller, Antony Duff, Joseph Raz, Ronald Dworkin, John Finnis, Philip Soper, Neil MacCormick, Robert Alexy, Gerald Postema, Stephen Perry, and Michael Moore. Several other chapters extend rather than defend legal positivism; they refine the insights of positivism and develop the implications of those insights in strikingly novel directions. The book concludes with a long discussion of the obligation to obey the law — a discussion that highlights the strengths of legal positivism in the domain of political philosophy as much as in the domain of jurisprudence.
Hew Strachan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199599486
- eISBN:
- 9780191595806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199599486.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Political Theory
This chapter examines the origins, development, and implications of operational art in the British armed forces. The Field Service Regulations of 1909 represented the first official attempt to ...
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This chapter examines the origins, development, and implications of operational art in the British armed forces. The Field Service Regulations of 1909 represented the first official attempt to encapsulate this approach within operational art. Nonetheless, establishment of doctrine remained an anathema, and without it operational art was driven by tactics rather than by strategy. This, according to the author, was a key reason why the British army tended to perform poorly at the operational level in the Second World War. When the operational level of war re-emerged in Great Britain during the 1980s, it was accompanied by doctrine for the first time. The linkage between doctrine and operational art was inspired less by the US army's response to Vietnam than by responses to Soviet and German practice and theory going back to lessons from the First and Second World Wars.Less
This chapter examines the origins, development, and implications of operational art in the British armed forces. The Field Service Regulations of 1909 represented the first official attempt to encapsulate this approach within operational art. Nonetheless, establishment of doctrine remained an anathema, and without it operational art was driven by tactics rather than by strategy. This, according to the author, was a key reason why the British army tended to perform poorly at the operational level in the Second World War. When the operational level of war re-emerged in Great Britain during the 1980s, it was accompanied by doctrine for the first time. The linkage between doctrine and operational art was inspired less by the US army's response to Vietnam than by responses to Soviet and German practice and theory going back to lessons from the First and Second World Wars.
Jesse Zuba
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164472
- eISBN:
- 9781400873791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164472.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter explores representations of career in Harmonium (Wallace Stevens), Observations (Marianne Moore), and White Buildings (Hart Crane) that resist the normative course of development that ...
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This chapter explores representations of career in Harmonium (Wallace Stevens), Observations (Marianne Moore), and White Buildings (Hart Crane) that resist the normative course of development that underpins the professional ideal of regular production. The indeterminacy of representations of career in nineteenth-century poetry is pressed to an extreme in modernist debuts, which are burdened not only with evoking the uncertainty that confirms vocational integrity and the intermittency that signals autonomy from the market, but also with evoking those ideas in new ways. This last challenge, necessitated by the demand that every artistic generation make it new, is made still more daunting by the rise of a culture of professionalism in which writing poetry was apt to appear as childish, effeminate, escapist, elitist, and generally absurd.Less
This chapter explores representations of career in Harmonium (Wallace Stevens), Observations (Marianne Moore), and White Buildings (Hart Crane) that resist the normative course of development that underpins the professional ideal of regular production. The indeterminacy of representations of career in nineteenth-century poetry is pressed to an extreme in modernist debuts, which are burdened not only with evoking the uncertainty that confirms vocational integrity and the intermittency that signals autonomy from the market, but also with evoking those ideas in new ways. This last challenge, necessitated by the demand that every artistic generation make it new, is made still more daunting by the rise of a culture of professionalism in which writing poetry was apt to appear as childish, effeminate, escapist, elitist, and generally absurd.
MATTHEW D. ADLER and KENNETH EINAR HIMMA
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195343298
- eISBN:
- 9780199867806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343298.003.0014
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of H. L. A. Hart's rule of recognition model of a legal system which remains the center for nearly all contemporary work in analytic jurisprudence. ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of H. L. A. Hart's rule of recognition model of a legal system which remains the center for nearly all contemporary work in analytic jurisprudence. It briefly considers the Hart/Dworkin debate. An overview of the subsequent chapters is then presented.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of H. L. A. Hart's rule of recognition model of a legal system which remains the center for nearly all contemporary work in analytic jurisprudence. It briefly considers the Hart/Dworkin debate. An overview of the subsequent chapters is then presented.
Richard Barrios
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195377347
- eISBN:
- 9780199864577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377347.003.0016
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
In the mainly non-musical years of 1931 and 1932, a few filmmakers attempted to disregard the moratorium, sometimes with success. Among them was Ernst Lubitsch and Maurice Chevalier with The Smiling ...
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In the mainly non-musical years of 1931 and 1932, a few filmmakers attempted to disregard the moratorium, sometimes with success. Among them was Ernst Lubitsch and Maurice Chevalier with The Smiling Lieutenant and One Hour With You and Fox with Gershwin's Delicious. The team of Eddie Cantor and Busby Berkeley also fared well, while Rouben Mamoulian directed the sublime Love Me Tonight — not a financial success but still a high-water mark for musical cinema. Other films — The Phantom President, The Big Broadcast, Hallelujah, I'm A Bum — seemed to herald the fact that musicals might return.Less
In the mainly non-musical years of 1931 and 1932, a few filmmakers attempted to disregard the moratorium, sometimes with success. Among them was Ernst Lubitsch and Maurice Chevalier with The Smiling Lieutenant and One Hour With You and Fox with Gershwin's Delicious. The team of Eddie Cantor and Busby Berkeley also fared well, while Rouben Mamoulian directed the sublime Love Me Tonight — not a financial success but still a high-water mark for musical cinema. Other films — The Phantom President, The Big Broadcast, Hallelujah, I'm A Bum — seemed to herald the fact that musicals might return.
KEITH CULVER and MICHAEL GIUDICE
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195370751
- eISBN:
- 9780199775903
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195370751.003.001
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
This chapter analyzes the limits to Hart's account of an official-operated rule of recognition as an account of the existence and borders of legal systems. The argument is developed via assessment of ...
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This chapter analyzes the limits to Hart's account of an official-operated rule of recognition as an account of the existence and borders of legal systems. The argument is developed via assessment of the success of the account's solutions to problems of circularity and indeterminacy in the identification of a distinct class of legal officials whose practices constitute the rule of recognition. It is shown that while the problem of circularity may have been adequately addressed in explanation of state legal systems, its solutions leave intact the problem of indeterminacy and reveal a strong presumption of hierarchy which threatens to run past rather than solve issues at the borders of legality. This is true in explanation of state legal systems, but the difficulties are particularly troubling in explanation of international law, as analysis of Hart's view of international law makes plain.Less
This chapter analyzes the limits to Hart's account of an official-operated rule of recognition as an account of the existence and borders of legal systems. The argument is developed via assessment of the success of the account's solutions to problems of circularity and indeterminacy in the identification of a distinct class of legal officials whose practices constitute the rule of recognition. It is shown that while the problem of circularity may have been adequately addressed in explanation of state legal systems, its solutions leave intact the problem of indeterminacy and reveal a strong presumption of hierarchy which threatens to run past rather than solve issues at the borders of legality. This is true in explanation of state legal systems, but the difficulties are particularly troubling in explanation of international law, as analysis of Hart's view of international law makes plain.
André Béteille
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198080961
- eISBN:
- 9780199082049
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198080961.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
Some disjunction seems to exist between law and custom, especially in societies that are in transition or are undergoing rapid social change. This is the case in India today, where laws have been ...
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Some disjunction seems to exist between law and custom, especially in societies that are in transition or are undergoing rapid social change. This is the case in India today, where laws have been created based on the principle of equality whereas customs are permeated by hierarchical beliefs, ideas, and values. This article argues that the rhythms of change for customs are not the same as they are for law, particularly in the contemporary world. It discusses the approach to law associated with legal positivism, whose attempt to maintain a strict separation between law and morality has been condemned as sterile. It also examines the concept of law as elaborated by H. L. A. Hart, the attitude of modern Indian law to discrimination on social grounds, whether of gender or of caste, and the legal order created by the Indian constitution.Less
Some disjunction seems to exist between law and custom, especially in societies that are in transition or are undergoing rapid social change. This is the case in India today, where laws have been created based on the principle of equality whereas customs are permeated by hierarchical beliefs, ideas, and values. This article argues that the rhythms of change for customs are not the same as they are for law, particularly in the contemporary world. It discusses the approach to law associated with legal positivism, whose attempt to maintain a strict separation between law and morality has been condemned as sterile. It also examines the concept of law as elaborated by H. L. A. Hart, the attitude of modern Indian law to discrimination on social grounds, whether of gender or of caste, and the legal order created by the Indian constitution.
Azar Gat
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207153
- eISBN:
- 9780191677519
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207153.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History, History of Ideas
In this study, the author examines how the theories of mechanized war developed throughout the industrial world in the first decades of the twentieth century. He explains why the most famous pioneers ...
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In this study, the author examines how the theories of mechanized war developed throughout the industrial world in the first decades of the twentieth century. He explains why the most famous pioneers of these theories were associated with proto-fascism. He then re-evaluates B.H. Liddell Hart's contribution to strategic theory, overturning much of the criticism recently levelled against him. He argues that, in the wake of the trauma of the First World War, and in response to the Axis challenge, Liddell Hart developed the doctrine of containment and cold war long before the advent of nuclear weapons. He reveals Liddell Hart as a pioneer of the modern western liberal way in warfare which is still with us today.Less
In this study, the author examines how the theories of mechanized war developed throughout the industrial world in the first decades of the twentieth century. He explains why the most famous pioneers of these theories were associated with proto-fascism. He then re-evaluates B.H. Liddell Hart's contribution to strategic theory, overturning much of the criticism recently levelled against him. He argues that, in the wake of the trauma of the First World War, and in response to the Axis challenge, Liddell Hart developed the doctrine of containment and cold war long before the advent of nuclear weapons. He reveals Liddell Hart as a pioneer of the modern western liberal way in warfare which is still with us today.
Richard A. Posner
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198264712
- eISBN:
- 9780191682773
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198264712.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Comparative Law
This book explores the relationship between the legal systems of the UK and USA. The chapters in this volume range widely over themes. The first chapter compares the work of the two most prominent ...
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This book explores the relationship between the legal systems of the UK and USA. The chapters in this volume range widely over themes. The first chapter compares the work of the two most prominent writers on jurisprudence in the second half of this century, one English (H. L. A. Hart) and one American (Ronald Dworkin). The chapter has a controversial conclusion that trying to define ‘law’ is futile, distracting, and illustrative of the impoverishment of traditional legal theory. The second chapter examines a number of English cases drawn primarily from the two fields in which English and American law overlap most completely — torts and contracts. Here the chapter argues that while in general English judges use their common sense effectively to approximate the results that an economic analyst would recommend they would do even better if they were more receptive to the economic approach to the common law — if they were, in other words, a little more like American judges. The next chapter examines the differences between the English and American legal systems at the administrative or operational level as distinct from the jurisprudential and doctrinal levels. The conclusions drawn from this analysis challenge traditional orthodoxy. The concluding advice to law reformers in both jurisdictions is that piecemeal reform of either system is to be avoided.Less
This book explores the relationship between the legal systems of the UK and USA. The chapters in this volume range widely over themes. The first chapter compares the work of the two most prominent writers on jurisprudence in the second half of this century, one English (H. L. A. Hart) and one American (Ronald Dworkin). The chapter has a controversial conclusion that trying to define ‘law’ is futile, distracting, and illustrative of the impoverishment of traditional legal theory. The second chapter examines a number of English cases drawn primarily from the two fields in which English and American law overlap most completely — torts and contracts. Here the chapter argues that while in general English judges use their common sense effectively to approximate the results that an economic analyst would recommend they would do even better if they were more receptive to the economic approach to the common law — if they were, in other words, a little more like American judges. The next chapter examines the differences between the English and American legal systems at the administrative or operational level as distinct from the jurisprudential and doctrinal levels. The conclusions drawn from this analysis challenge traditional orthodoxy. The concluding advice to law reformers in both jurisdictions is that piecemeal reform of either system is to be avoided.
Frederick Nolan
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195102895
- eISBN:
- 9780199853212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195102895.003.0008
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers, and Herbert Fields had been working intermittently on a show called Winkle Town, in which a fellow invents an electronic system that renders electric wires obsolete and ...
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Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers, and Herbert Fields had been working intermittently on a show called Winkle Town, in which a fellow invents an electronic system that renders electric wires obsolete and tries to sell the idea to the city fathers of the eponymous town. Taking their chutzpah in both hands, they decided to ask their old pal Oscar Hammerstein II for help. When the triumvirate got through with it, the story had turned into a satire on Tin Pan Alley called The Jazz King. To their delight, Lew Fields not only liked the play but decided to put it into production. The authorship of the play was attributed to Herbert Richard Lorenz, a pseudonym which seems to have succeeded in fooling hardly anyone. The critics split: Woollcott liked the show, and Quinn Martin thought it “tremendously funny.” However vitriol-tongued George Jean Nathan put an end to the newborn career of Herbert Richard Lorenz.Less
Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers, and Herbert Fields had been working intermittently on a show called Winkle Town, in which a fellow invents an electronic system that renders electric wires obsolete and tries to sell the idea to the city fathers of the eponymous town. Taking their chutzpah in both hands, they decided to ask their old pal Oscar Hammerstein II for help. When the triumvirate got through with it, the story had turned into a satire on Tin Pan Alley called The Jazz King. To their delight, Lew Fields not only liked the play but decided to put it into production. The authorship of the play was attributed to Herbert Richard Lorenz, a pseudonym which seems to have succeeded in fooling hardly anyone. The critics split: Woollcott liked the show, and Quinn Martin thought it “tremendously funny.” However vitriol-tongued George Jean Nathan put an end to the newborn career of Herbert Richard Lorenz.
Azar Gat
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207153
- eISBN:
- 9780191677519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207153.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Military History, History of Ideas
The First World War was a landmark in Western consciousness, yet its significance in the several nations involved differed greatly. In the mid-1920s a formal and vague consensus in favour of ...
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The First World War was a landmark in Western consciousness, yet its significance in the several nations involved differed greatly. In the mid-1920s a formal and vague consensus in favour of international reconciliation was formed however it proved to be too fragile and short-lived. With the downfall of the international economic system, the international reconciliation was faced with the difficulties brought about by the differences of interests within countries and the differing stand and acceptance of the Locarno Treaty. Rather than generating new fundamentals, the war accentuated the long-standing differences between national attitudes causing them to move in different directions, mentally and geographically. This chapter is primarily concerned with the westernmost parts of the Western World. This chapter discusses the emergence of new and liberal attitudes against war. While pacifism became stronger and vocal compared to earlier times, it remained a marginal phenomenon which was later sought to be replaced by cooperation and collective security. This chapter also discusses Liddell Hart's biography and his growing distance and change of attitude to the precepts of war.Less
The First World War was a landmark in Western consciousness, yet its significance in the several nations involved differed greatly. In the mid-1920s a formal and vague consensus in favour of international reconciliation was formed however it proved to be too fragile and short-lived. With the downfall of the international economic system, the international reconciliation was faced with the difficulties brought about by the differences of interests within countries and the differing stand and acceptance of the Locarno Treaty. Rather than generating new fundamentals, the war accentuated the long-standing differences between national attitudes causing them to move in different directions, mentally and geographically. This chapter is primarily concerned with the westernmost parts of the Western World. This chapter discusses the emergence of new and liberal attitudes against war. While pacifism became stronger and vocal compared to earlier times, it remained a marginal phenomenon which was later sought to be replaced by cooperation and collective security. This chapter also discusses Liddell Hart's biography and his growing distance and change of attitude to the precepts of war.
Madeline Y. Hsu
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164021
- eISBN:
- 9781400866373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164021.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter describes how international war compelled repeal of the Chinese exclusion laws, which were seen as unacceptable insults to a wartime ally. As the first liberalization of immigration law ...
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This chapter describes how international war compelled repeal of the Chinese exclusion laws, which were seen as unacceptable insults to a wartime ally. As the first liberalization of immigration law since 1924, the campaign for repeal showcased long-simmering contradictions between foreign policy agendas, nativist racism, ethnic and religious groups, organized labor, and economic priorities that would channel and distort the long struggle for immigration reform and eventual passage of the Hart–Celler Act of 1965. With her Christian upbringing, American education, and proximity to power in China, Madame Chiang Kai-shek served as a potent symbol of the humanity and assimilability of Chinese as well as the possibility that long-cherished missionary dreams for the transformation of China into a Christian, democratic nation might be realized.Less
This chapter describes how international war compelled repeal of the Chinese exclusion laws, which were seen as unacceptable insults to a wartime ally. As the first liberalization of immigration law since 1924, the campaign for repeal showcased long-simmering contradictions between foreign policy agendas, nativist racism, ethnic and religious groups, organized labor, and economic priorities that would channel and distort the long struggle for immigration reform and eventual passage of the Hart–Celler Act of 1965. With her Christian upbringing, American education, and proximity to power in China, Madame Chiang Kai-shek served as a potent symbol of the humanity and assimilability of Chinese as well as the possibility that long-cherished missionary dreams for the transformation of China into a Christian, democratic nation might be realized.
Madeline Y. Hsu
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164021
- eISBN:
- 9781400866373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164021.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter analyzes immigration reform and the knowledge worker recruitment aspects of the Hart–Celler Act of 1965 to track the intensifying convergence of educational exchange programs, economic ...
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This chapter analyzes immigration reform and the knowledge worker recruitment aspects of the Hart–Celler Act of 1965 to track the intensifying convergence of educational exchange programs, economic nationalism, and immigration reform. During the Cold War, the State Department expanded cultural diplomacy programs so that the numbers of international students burgeoned, particularly in the fields of science. Although the programs were initially conceived as a way of instilling influence over the future leaders of developing nations, international students, particularly from Taiwan, India, and South Korea, took advantage of minor changes in immigration laws and bureaucratic procedures that allowed students, skilled workers, and technical trainees to gain legal employment and eventually permanent residency and thereby remain in the United States.Less
This chapter analyzes immigration reform and the knowledge worker recruitment aspects of the Hart–Celler Act of 1965 to track the intensifying convergence of educational exchange programs, economic nationalism, and immigration reform. During the Cold War, the State Department expanded cultural diplomacy programs so that the numbers of international students burgeoned, particularly in the fields of science. Although the programs were initially conceived as a way of instilling influence over the future leaders of developing nations, international students, particularly from Taiwan, India, and South Korea, took advantage of minor changes in immigration laws and bureaucratic procedures that allowed students, skilled workers, and technical trainees to gain legal employment and eventually permanent residency and thereby remain in the United States.
Denis Galligan
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199291830
- eISBN:
- 9780191700675
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199291830.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
This book considers how legal theory, and particularly H. L. A Hart's The Concept of Law, has developed the idea of law as a highly developed social system, which has a distinctive character and ...
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This book considers how legal theory, and particularly H. L. A Hart's The Concept of Law, has developed the idea of law as a highly developed social system, which has a distinctive character and structure, and which shapes and influences people's behaviour. The concept of law as a distinct social phenomenon is examined through reference to, and analysis of, the works of M. Weber, E. Durkheim, and N. Luhmann. The book is guided by the idea that the law is a social formation with its own character and features, and that it is interrelated with other aspects of society. A general framework for law and society considers various aspects including: the nature of social rules and the concept of law as a system of rules; whether law has particular social functions and how legal orders run in parallel; coercion; the characteristic form of modern law; implementation and compliance; and laws aimed at bringing about change in society.Less
This book considers how legal theory, and particularly H. L. A Hart's The Concept of Law, has developed the idea of law as a highly developed social system, which has a distinctive character and structure, and which shapes and influences people's behaviour. The concept of law as a distinct social phenomenon is examined through reference to, and analysis of, the works of M. Weber, E. Durkheim, and N. Luhmann. The book is guided by the idea that the law is a social formation with its own character and features, and that it is interrelated with other aspects of society. A general framework for law and society considers various aspects including: the nature of social rules and the concept of law as a system of rules; whether law has particular social functions and how legal orders run in parallel; coercion; the characteristic form of modern law; implementation and compliance; and laws aimed at bringing about change in society.
