Jeffrey Magee
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195090222
- eISBN:
- 9780199871469
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195090222.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
If Benny Goodman was the “King of Swing”, then Fletcher Henderson might be considered the power behind the throne. Not only did Henderson arrange the music that fueled Goodman's success, he also ...
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If Benny Goodman was the “King of Swing”, then Fletcher Henderson might be considered the power behind the throne. Not only did Henderson arrange the music that fueled Goodman's success, he also helped to launch the careers of several other key figures in jazz history, including Louis Armstrong and Coleman Hawkins, and their work, in turn, shaped Henderson's. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, including sound recordings, stock arrangements, and score manuscripts available only since Goodman's death, this book traces Henderson's life and work from his youth in the deep South, to his early work as a New York bandleader, to his pivotal role in building the Kingdom of Swing. Henderson, standing at the forefront of the New York jazz scene in the 1920s and 1930s, assembled many of the era's best musicians, forging a distinctive jazz style within the stylistic framework of popular song and dance music. Henderson's style grew out of collaboration with many key players. It also grew out of a deft combination of written and improvised music, of commercial and artistic impulses, and of racial cooperation and competition, and thus stands as an exemplar of musical activity in the Harlem Renaissance. As Henderson's career stalled in the midst of the Depression, record producer John Hammond brought together Henderson and Goodman in a fortuitous collaboration that shaped the history of American music.Less
If Benny Goodman was the “King of Swing”, then Fletcher Henderson might be considered the power behind the throne. Not only did Henderson arrange the music that fueled Goodman's success, he also helped to launch the careers of several other key figures in jazz history, including Louis Armstrong and Coleman Hawkins, and their work, in turn, shaped Henderson's. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, including sound recordings, stock arrangements, and score manuscripts available only since Goodman's death, this book traces Henderson's life and work from his youth in the deep South, to his early work as a New York bandleader, to his pivotal role in building the Kingdom of Swing. Henderson, standing at the forefront of the New York jazz scene in the 1920s and 1930s, assembled many of the era's best musicians, forging a distinctive jazz style within the stylistic framework of popular song and dance music. Henderson's style grew out of collaboration with many key players. It also grew out of a deft combination of written and improvised music, of commercial and artistic impulses, and of racial cooperation and competition, and thus stands as an exemplar of musical activity in the Harlem Renaissance. As Henderson's career stalled in the midst of the Depression, record producer John Hammond brought together Henderson and Goodman in a fortuitous collaboration that shaped the history of American music.
Richard Ellis E.
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195323566
- eISBN:
- 9780199788705
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195323566.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter analyzes Ohio's vigorous opposition to the decision handed down in McCulloch v. Maryland, and how the state defended its forceful removal of the $100,000 tax it levied on the branches of ...
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This chapter analyzes Ohio's vigorous opposition to the decision handed down in McCulloch v. Maryland, and how the state defended its forceful removal of the $100,000 tax it levied on the branches of the 2BUS. This controversy revealed in a clear and direct manner the basic economic and constitutional issues in the controversy between the states and the 2 BUS as well as how these developments led to the U.S. Supreme Court case of Osborn et. al. v. The Bank of the United States which was, in effect, a rehearing of many of the same issues that had been decided in McCulloch v. Maryland.Less
This chapter analyzes Ohio's vigorous opposition to the decision handed down in McCulloch v. Maryland, and how the state defended its forceful removal of the $100,000 tax it levied on the branches of the 2BUS. This controversy revealed in a clear and direct manner the basic economic and constitutional issues in the controversy between the states and the 2 BUS as well as how these developments led to the U.S. Supreme Court case of Osborn et. al. v. The Bank of the United States which was, in effect, a rehearing of many of the same issues that had been decided in McCulloch v. Maryland.
Richard Ellis E.
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195323566
- eISBN:
- 9780199788705
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195323566.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter examines the US Supreme Court's decision in Osborn et. al. v. The Bank of the United States (1824). It also treats developments in the state of Georgia which culminated in another US ...
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This chapter examines the US Supreme Court's decision in Osborn et. al. v. The Bank of the United States (1824). It also treats developments in the state of Georgia which culminated in another US Supreme Court decision at the same term: The Bank of the United States v. The Planters' Bank of Georgia (1824) in which John Marshall delivered an opinion that contradicted in an important way the position he had taken in the McCulloch and Osborn cases.Less
This chapter examines the US Supreme Court's decision in Osborn et. al. v. The Bank of the United States (1824). It also treats developments in the state of Georgia which culminated in another US Supreme Court decision at the same term: The Bank of the United States v. The Planters' Bank of Georgia (1824) in which John Marshall delivered an opinion that contradicted in an important way the position he had taken in the McCulloch and Osborn cases.
Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitrick
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195093810
- eISBN:
- 9780199854127
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195093810.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
When Thomas Jefferson took the oath of office for the presidency in 1801, America had just passed through twelve critical years, dominated by some of the towering figures of our history and by the ...
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When Thomas Jefferson took the oath of office for the presidency in 1801, America had just passed through twelve critical years, dominated by some of the towering figures of our history and by the challenge of having to do everything for the first time. George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Adams, and Jefferson himself each had a share in shaping that remarkable era. This book provides an analytical survey of this extraordinary period. Ranging over the widest variety of concerns—political, cultural, economic, diplomatic, and military—it provides a sweeping historical account of the problems the new nation faced as well as the particular individuals who tried to solve them. As it moves through the Federalist era, the book draws character sketches not only of the great figures—Washington and Jefferson, Talleyrand and Napoleon Bonaparte—but also of lesser ones, such as George Hammond, Britain's frustrated minister to the United States, James McHenry, Adams's hapless Secretary of War, the pre-Chief Justice version of John Marshall, and others.Less
When Thomas Jefferson took the oath of office for the presidency in 1801, America had just passed through twelve critical years, dominated by some of the towering figures of our history and by the challenge of having to do everything for the first time. George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Adams, and Jefferson himself each had a share in shaping that remarkable era. This book provides an analytical survey of this extraordinary period. Ranging over the widest variety of concerns—political, cultural, economic, diplomatic, and military—it provides a sweeping historical account of the problems the new nation faced as well as the particular individuals who tried to solve them. As it moves through the Federalist era, the book draws character sketches not only of the great figures—Washington and Jefferson, Talleyrand and Napoleon Bonaparte—but also of lesser ones, such as George Hammond, Britain's frustrated minister to the United States, James McHenry, Adams's hapless Secretary of War, the pre-Chief Justice version of John Marshall, and others.
James Weinstein
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199548781
- eISBN:
- 9780191720673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548781.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter attempts to identify a core free speech principle that must be respected in any democratic society and against which the free speech restrictions can be measured. It argues that two ...
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This chapter attempts to identify a core free speech principle that must be respected in any democratic society and against which the free speech restrictions can be measured. It argues that two essential components of democracy — popular sovereignty and the individual right of political participation — generate a right of every citizen to participate in the discussion by which public opinion is formed. It concludes that this core norm was breached in Hammond v. DPP, and arguably violated in Norwood v. DPP. These two decisions and the precedent that they follow render insecure the right of British citizens to voice views that offend dominant opinion. The chapter suggests several reasons for this state of affairs, including the British judiciary's view that free speech is instrumental to, rather than constitutive of, democracy, and the excessive deference afforded lower court findings in free speech cases. These mistakes are remarkably similar to those made by the U.S. Supreme Court when it first started to develop free speech doctrine in the early 20th century.Less
This chapter attempts to identify a core free speech principle that must be respected in any democratic society and against which the free speech restrictions can be measured. It argues that two essential components of democracy — popular sovereignty and the individual right of political participation — generate a right of every citizen to participate in the discussion by which public opinion is formed. It concludes that this core norm was breached in Hammond v. DPP, and arguably violated in Norwood v. DPP. These two decisions and the precedent that they follow render insecure the right of British citizens to voice views that offend dominant opinion. The chapter suggests several reasons for this state of affairs, including the British judiciary's view that free speech is instrumental to, rather than constitutive of, democracy, and the excessive deference afforded lower court findings in free speech cases. These mistakes are remarkably similar to those made by the U.S. Supreme Court when it first started to develop free speech doctrine in the early 20th century.
Nicholas Roe
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198186298
- eISBN:
- 9780191674495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198186298.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
This chapter explores how Keats's medical training may have contributed to his vision of a landscape ‘budding patiently’. Keats began his formal training at Guy's Hospital as an apprentice to ...
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This chapter explores how Keats's medical training may have contributed to his vision of a landscape ‘budding patiently’. Keats began his formal training at Guy's Hospital as an apprentice to Edmonton physician Thomas Hammond from summer 1811 until October 1815. His duties as apprentice have given him an introduction to basic skills in medical practice. Family circumstances, the dissenting culture of Enfield School, and Keats's political radicalism all make his choice of a medical career understandable since universities and many professions were closed to dissenters during the 18th century.Less
This chapter explores how Keats's medical training may have contributed to his vision of a landscape ‘budding patiently’. Keats began his formal training at Guy's Hospital as an apprentice to Edmonton physician Thomas Hammond from summer 1811 until October 1815. His duties as apprentice have given him an introduction to basic skills in medical practice. Family circumstances, the dissenting culture of Enfield School, and Keats's political radicalism all make his choice of a medical career understandable since universities and many professions were closed to dissenters during the 18th century.
Nicholas Roe
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198186298
- eISBN:
- 9780191674495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198186298.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
The chapter discusses Keats's poetry drawing extensively on his medical training with Hammond and at Guy's, seeking to identify a role for the poet in a world where the revolutionary idealism ...
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The chapter discusses Keats's poetry drawing extensively on his medical training with Hammond and at Guy's, seeking to identify a role for the poet in a world where the revolutionary idealism formerly shared by Thelwall and Cooper seemed banished to a ‘faery land forlorn’.‘Gentle wrists’ is the choice of a poet who knew how to feel for a patient's pulse and, appropriately, the cure subsequently effected by Endymion is likened to the inspiring moment of ‘Apollo's touch’.Less
The chapter discusses Keats's poetry drawing extensively on his medical training with Hammond and at Guy's, seeking to identify a role for the poet in a world where the revolutionary idealism formerly shared by Thelwall and Cooper seemed banished to a ‘faery land forlorn’.‘Gentle wrists’ is the choice of a poet who knew how to feel for a patient's pulse and, appropriately, the cure subsequently effected by Endymion is likened to the inspiring moment of ‘Apollo's touch’.
Richard Tuck
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198227366
- eISBN:
- 9780191678684
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198227366.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas, History of Religion
This chapter explores the overt expression of the religious ideas of Thomas Hobbes. His religious views expressed in Leviathan have been subjected to extensive debate. The discussion argues that, in ...
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This chapter explores the overt expression of the religious ideas of Thomas Hobbes. His religious views expressed in Leviathan have been subjected to extensive debate. The discussion argues that, in his De cive, Hobbes subscribed to the tradition stretching from Italian humanism to the Enlightenment that allied essentially deistic philosophical attitudes with the advocacy of civil religion. Such ideas were quite orthodox, as seen from authors like Hugo Grotius and Henry Hammond, who combined such philosophy with the belief that the Church should have an authoritative role in the interpretation of the revealed truth. This chapter suggests that Hobbes's change in position should be read in the context of the state of affairs in England after the Civil War, when monarchial authority was toppled and many traditional values were brought into question.Less
This chapter explores the overt expression of the religious ideas of Thomas Hobbes. His religious views expressed in Leviathan have been subjected to extensive debate. The discussion argues that, in his De cive, Hobbes subscribed to the tradition stretching from Italian humanism to the Enlightenment that allied essentially deistic philosophical attitudes with the advocacy of civil religion. Such ideas were quite orthodox, as seen from authors like Hugo Grotius and Henry Hammond, who combined such philosophy with the belief that the Church should have an authoritative role in the interpretation of the revealed truth. This chapter suggests that Hobbes's change in position should be read in the context of the state of affairs in England after the Civil War, when monarchial authority was toppled and many traditional values were brought into question.
Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitrick
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195093810
- eISBN:
- 9780199854127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195093810.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter discusses Thomas Jefferson's road to becoming the Secretary of State, the accusation that Alexander Hamilton supposedly preempted Jefferson's functions as Secretary of State, as well as ...
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This chapter discusses Thomas Jefferson's road to becoming the Secretary of State, the accusation that Alexander Hamilton supposedly preempted Jefferson's functions as Secretary of State, as well as George Hammond's hope for a general settlement. Jefferson, on the contrary, did not want a general settlement. What it came down to was that Jefferson could not conceive the ordinary arts of diplomacy as applying to anything he wanted from England. He did not want a commercial arrangement, because he thought the United States could force its own terms upon England later on, through some form of coercion and perhaps a favorable treaty with France. However, he seems to have persuaded himself that the only honorable way of going about this was to convince the adversary of how wrong his home government was; the United States by right ought to have them without paying any kind of price.Less
This chapter discusses Thomas Jefferson's road to becoming the Secretary of State, the accusation that Alexander Hamilton supposedly preempted Jefferson's functions as Secretary of State, as well as George Hammond's hope for a general settlement. Jefferson, on the contrary, did not want a general settlement. What it came down to was that Jefferson could not conceive the ordinary arts of diplomacy as applying to anything he wanted from England. He did not want a commercial arrangement, because he thought the United States could force its own terms upon England later on, through some form of coercion and perhaps a favorable treaty with France. However, he seems to have persuaded himself that the only honorable way of going about this was to convince the adversary of how wrong his home government was; the United States by right ought to have them without paying any kind of price.
Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitrick
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195093810
- eISBN:
- 9780199854127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195093810.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
The twelve-month period from the fall of 1791 to the fall of 1792 was marked by the emergence of what could for the first time be clearly discerned as an opposition. The opposition impulse was in ...
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The twelve-month period from the fall of 1791 to the fall of 1792 was marked by the emergence of what could for the first time be clearly discerned as an opposition. The opposition impulse was in reaction to the rising influence of the Treasury over administration policy, and to the fierce urge of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to prevent the completion of Alexander Hamilton's grand design. They would partially succeed, and in the course of their efforts all the hostilities that had been accumulating since Hamilton's plans first began unfolding late in 1789 would burst fully into the open in bitter partisan warfare. Madison's attempt to prevent the establishment of a national bank had been no more fruitful than his effort to discriminate between original and current holders of Continental securities or his campaign to kill assumption. Hamilton had as of yet no idea of the frustrations George Hammond would encounter at the hands of Secretary Jefferson.Less
The twelve-month period from the fall of 1791 to the fall of 1792 was marked by the emergence of what could for the first time be clearly discerned as an opposition. The opposition impulse was in reaction to the rising influence of the Treasury over administration policy, and to the fierce urge of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to prevent the completion of Alexander Hamilton's grand design. They would partially succeed, and in the course of their efforts all the hostilities that had been accumulating since Hamilton's plans first began unfolding late in 1789 would burst fully into the open in bitter partisan warfare. Madison's attempt to prevent the establishment of a national bank had been no more fruitful than his effort to discriminate between original and current holders of Continental securities or his campaign to kill assumption. Hamilton had as of yet no idea of the frustrations George Hammond would encounter at the hands of Secretary Jefferson.
Anne Stott
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199699391
- eISBN:
- 9780191739132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199699391.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter introduces the second part of the book, which deals with the courtships of Wilberforce, Henry Thornton, and Zachary Macaulay. It discusses Wilberforce’s personal and political life in ...
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This chapter introduces the second part of the book, which deals with the courtships of Wilberforce, Henry Thornton, and Zachary Macaulay. It discusses Wilberforce’s personal and political life in the period 1793-96. It covers the familiar story of his ambivalent attitude to the Revolutionary war and the consequent straining of his friendship with Pitt, which recovered after his defence of the Gagging Acts of 1795. Using archive material that has up to now not been fully exploited it shows the turmoil in his personal life. His ineffectual and inconsistent courtship of Mary Ann Hammond, the sister-in-law of Henry Addington, then Commons’ speaker was followed by other semi-courtships, all equally abortive. The chapter sheds a new light on Wilberforce’s character, in particular his troubled relationship with his sexuality.Less
This chapter introduces the second part of the book, which deals with the courtships of Wilberforce, Henry Thornton, and Zachary Macaulay. It discusses Wilberforce’s personal and political life in the period 1793-96. It covers the familiar story of his ambivalent attitude to the Revolutionary war and the consequent straining of his friendship with Pitt, which recovered after his defence of the Gagging Acts of 1795. Using archive material that has up to now not been fully exploited it shows the turmoil in his personal life. His ineffectual and inconsistent courtship of Mary Ann Hammond, the sister-in-law of Henry Addington, then Commons’ speaker was followed by other semi-courtships, all equally abortive. The chapter sheds a new light on Wilberforce’s character, in particular his troubled relationship with his sexuality.
J. K. DAVIES
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199258109
- eISBN:
- 9780191717697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199258109.003.0013
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, World History: BCE to 500CE
The history of the Molossians features all too rarely in the textbooks. Yet the increase in relevant epigraphic documentation, and the quality of loving scholarly attention which it has recently been ...
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The history of the Molossians features all too rarely in the textbooks. Yet the increase in relevant epigraphic documentation, and the quality of loving scholarly attention which it has recently been receiving, have combined to shed such extra light on the region's affairs and political articulation that it is becoming possible to recognize that it provides a valuable case study of the themes and preoccupations of the present volume. This chapter brings the evidence before a wider audience which may not be fully aware of recent and current work, especially that of Nicholas Hammond and Pierre Cabanes. It focuses on the 4th century bc rather than on Epirus in Pyrrhus' time or on its 3rd-century vicissitudes and the shift to republic c.232, since it seems to have been in the late 5th and the 4th centuries that the main work of political creativity in the region was being carried forward.Less
The history of the Molossians features all too rarely in the textbooks. Yet the increase in relevant epigraphic documentation, and the quality of loving scholarly attention which it has recently been receiving, have combined to shed such extra light on the region's affairs and political articulation that it is becoming possible to recognize that it provides a valuable case study of the themes and preoccupations of the present volume. This chapter brings the evidence before a wider audience which may not be fully aware of recent and current work, especially that of Nicholas Hammond and Pierre Cabanes. It focuses on the 4th century bc rather than on Epirus in Pyrrhus' time or on its 3rd-century vicissitudes and the shift to republic c.232, since it seems to have been in the late 5th and the 4th centuries that the main work of political creativity in the region was being carried forward.
CHRISTINE GERRARD
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198183884
- eISBN:
- 9780191714122
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198183884.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
The chapter discusses the author's interest on Aaron Hill, which began when he was a graduate student in mid-1980s, working on the relationship between patriotism and poetry in the Walpole era. Hill ...
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The chapter discusses the author's interest on Aaron Hill, which began when he was a graduate student in mid-1980s, working on the relationship between patriotism and poetry in the Walpole era. Hill seemed to be an ambivalent figure, linked to Pope in his prognostications of cultural doom and national decline, yet wedded to an entirely different poetic derived from a critically marginalized tradition of enthusiasm and sublimity: a poetic associated before the middle of the 18th century with writers such as John Dennis, Isaac Watts, and James Thomson. Critical scholarship of the 1980s and beyond has challenged and reconfigured the so-called ‘Augustan’ literary canon, shedding light on neglected authors and scrutinising the processes of canon-formation which shape our perception of 18th-century writing. Brean Hammond's Professional Imaginative Writing questioned Pope's own adjudication of literary values, particularly his suspicious dismissal of professional writers such as Colley Cibber, Eliza Haywood, and Aaron Hill.Less
The chapter discusses the author's interest on Aaron Hill, which began when he was a graduate student in mid-1980s, working on the relationship between patriotism and poetry in the Walpole era. Hill seemed to be an ambivalent figure, linked to Pope in his prognostications of cultural doom and national decline, yet wedded to an entirely different poetic derived from a critically marginalized tradition of enthusiasm and sublimity: a poetic associated before the middle of the 18th century with writers such as John Dennis, Isaac Watts, and James Thomson. Critical scholarship of the 1980s and beyond has challenged and reconfigured the so-called ‘Augustan’ literary canon, shedding light on neglected authors and scrutinising the processes of canon-formation which shape our perception of 18th-century writing. Brean Hammond's Professional Imaginative Writing questioned Pope's own adjudication of literary values, particularly his suspicious dismissal of professional writers such as Colley Cibber, Eliza Haywood, and Aaron Hill.
Ivan Gaskell
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526118196
- eISBN:
- 9781526142016
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526118196.003.0012
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
This chapter examines the place of Oceanic clubs in New England collections. During the nineteenth century, they occupied an equivocal position in the New England mental repertory as indices of ...
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This chapter examines the place of Oceanic clubs in New England collections. During the nineteenth century, they occupied an equivocal position in the New England mental repertory as indices of savage sophistication, and as souvenirs of colonial childhood or travel. Focusing on a Tongan ‘akau tau in the collection of the Chatham Historical Society on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, this chapter traces what can be known of its history as a highly regarded prestige gift item among New Englanders from the middle of the nineteenth century until its entry into the museum. As a thing that an early owner could alienate legitimately, its presence in Chatham is not unethical, yet it nonetheless imposes stewardship responsibilities—consultation with the originating community—that such a small institution is poorly placed to meet. This requires understanding and patience rather than disapprobation.Less
This chapter examines the place of Oceanic clubs in New England collections. During the nineteenth century, they occupied an equivocal position in the New England mental repertory as indices of savage sophistication, and as souvenirs of colonial childhood or travel. Focusing on a Tongan ‘akau tau in the collection of the Chatham Historical Society on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, this chapter traces what can be known of its history as a highly regarded prestige gift item among New Englanders from the middle of the nineteenth century until its entry into the museum. As a thing that an early owner could alienate legitimately, its presence in Chatham is not unethical, yet it nonetheless imposes stewardship responsibilities—consultation with the originating community—that such a small institution is poorly placed to meet. This requires understanding and patience rather than disapprobation.
Peter Ramsay
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199581061
- eISBN:
- 9780191741005
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199581061.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter demonstrates that the protection of the interest in subjective security by the substantive law of the Anti-Social Behaviour Order (ASBO) and by Section 5 of the Public Order Act 1986 is ...
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This chapter demonstrates that the protection of the interest in subjective security by the substantive law of the Anti-Social Behaviour Order (ASBO) and by Section 5 of the Public Order Act 1986 is for the most part consistent with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It argues that while it is not formally a human right, the right to security is recognized as fundamental in the scheme of the ECHR. It explores the theoretical problem presented by the human rights of those individuals made subject to ASBOs. It distinguishes between two different senses of vulnerability — universal and particular — and accounts for the apparent denial of human rights to the particularly vulnerable through a critique of Bryan Turner's vulnerability theory of human rights. This theory is shown to give no definitive answer to the imposition of liabilities for failure to reassure such as those found in the ASBO, and to offer no theoretical resources to resist them.Less
This chapter demonstrates that the protection of the interest in subjective security by the substantive law of the Anti-Social Behaviour Order (ASBO) and by Section 5 of the Public Order Act 1986 is for the most part consistent with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It argues that while it is not formally a human right, the right to security is recognized as fundamental in the scheme of the ECHR. It explores the theoretical problem presented by the human rights of those individuals made subject to ASBOs. It distinguishes between two different senses of vulnerability — universal and particular — and accounts for the apparent denial of human rights to the particularly vulnerable through a critique of Bryan Turner's vulnerability theory of human rights. This theory is shown to give no definitive answer to the imposition of liabilities for failure to reassure such as those found in the ASBO, and to offer no theoretical resources to resist them.
James R. Skillen
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197500699
- eISBN:
- 9780197500729
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197500699.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
In the Bunkerville standoff, Cliven Bundy initially served as a symbol of a conservative American under attack by a runaway government. Two years later, Ammon Bundy and Ryan Bundy joined with a ...
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In the Bunkerville standoff, Cliven Bundy initially served as a symbol of a conservative American under attack by a runaway government. Two years later, Ammon Bundy and Ryan Bundy joined with a number of militia members in an offensive operation to take back federal land in Oregon, ostensibly for “we the people.” The Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Occupation showed how far the Patriot Movement would go in challenging federal authority, and it showed the insurrectionist tendency in the Patriot Movement’s civil religious constitutionalism. It also showed the limits of conservative support. In this case, the occupiers said that they went to the Malheur refuge to defend the people of Harney County, but most of them were from out of state, and they repeatedly ignored requests to leave from county officials. The occupation ended with one fatality and numerous arrests, but the federal government’s prosecution largely failed in court.Less
In the Bunkerville standoff, Cliven Bundy initially served as a symbol of a conservative American under attack by a runaway government. Two years later, Ammon Bundy and Ryan Bundy joined with a number of militia members in an offensive operation to take back federal land in Oregon, ostensibly for “we the people.” The Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Occupation showed how far the Patriot Movement would go in challenging federal authority, and it showed the insurrectionist tendency in the Patriot Movement’s civil religious constitutionalism. It also showed the limits of conservative support. In this case, the occupiers said that they went to the Malheur refuge to defend the people of Harney County, but most of them were from out of state, and they repeatedly ignored requests to leave from county officials. The occupation ended with one fatality and numerous arrests, but the federal government’s prosecution largely failed in court.
Alex Kirlik
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195374827
- eISBN:
- 9780199847693
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374827.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
In everyday life, and particularly in the modern workplace, information technology and automation increasingly mediate, augment, and sometimes even interfere with how humans interact with their ...
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In everyday life, and particularly in the modern workplace, information technology and automation increasingly mediate, augment, and sometimes even interfere with how humans interact with their environment. How to understand and support cognition in human–technology interaction is both a practically and socially relevant problem. The chapters in this volume frame this problem in adaptive terms: How are behavior and cognition adapted, or perhaps ill-adapted, to the demands and opportunities of an environment where interaction is mediated by tools and technology? The text draws heavily on the work of Egon Brunswik, a pioneer in ecological and cognitive psychology, as well as on modern refinements and extensions of Brunswikian ideas, including Hammond's Social Judgment Theory, Gigerenzer's Ecological Rationality and Anderson's Rational Analysis. Inspired by Brunswik's view of cognition as “coming to terms” with the “casual texture” of the external world, the chapters here provide quantitative and computational models and measures for studying how people come to terms with an increasingly technological ecology, and provide insights for supporting cognition and performance through design, training, and other interventions.Less
In everyday life, and particularly in the modern workplace, information technology and automation increasingly mediate, augment, and sometimes even interfere with how humans interact with their environment. How to understand and support cognition in human–technology interaction is both a practically and socially relevant problem. The chapters in this volume frame this problem in adaptive terms: How are behavior and cognition adapted, or perhaps ill-adapted, to the demands and opportunities of an environment where interaction is mediated by tools and technology? The text draws heavily on the work of Egon Brunswik, a pioneer in ecological and cognitive psychology, as well as on modern refinements and extensions of Brunswikian ideas, including Hammond's Social Judgment Theory, Gigerenzer's Ecological Rationality and Anderson's Rational Analysis. Inspired by Brunswik's view of cognition as “coming to terms” with the “casual texture” of the external world, the chapters here provide quantitative and computational models and measures for studying how people come to terms with an increasingly technological ecology, and provide insights for supporting cognition and performance through design, training, and other interventions.
Douglass F. Taber
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190200794
- eISBN:
- 9780197559475
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0020
- Subject:
- Chemistry, Organic Chemistry
John F. Hartwig of the University of California, Berkeley showed (Nature 2012, 483, 70) that intramolecular C–H silylation of 1 selectively gave, after oxidation and ...
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John F. Hartwig of the University of California, Berkeley showed (Nature 2012, 483, 70) that intramolecular C–H silylation of 1 selectively gave, after oxidation and acetylation, the bis acetate 2. Gong Chen of Pennsylvania State University coupled (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7313) 3 with 4 to give the ether 5. M. Christina White of the University of Illinois effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 9721) selective oxidation of the taxane derivative 6 to the lactone 7. Most of the work on C–H functionalization has focused on the formation of C–C, C–O, and C–N bonds. Donald A. Watson of the University of Delaware developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 3663) conditions for the complementary conversion of an alkene 8 to the allyl silane 9, a powerful and versatile nucleophile. Kilian Muniz of ICIQ Tarragona oxidized (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7242) the enyne 10 selectively to the amine 11. Phil S. Baran of Scripps/La Jolla devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2547) a protocol for the OH-directed amination of 12 to 13. Professor White developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2036) a related OH-directed amination of 14 to 15 that proceeded with retention of absolute configuration. Tom G. Driver of the University of Illinois, Chicago showed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7262) that the aryl azide 16 could be cyclized directly to the amine, which was protected to give 17. As illustrated by the conversion of 18 to 20 devised (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012, 354, 701) by Martin Klussmann of the Max-Planck-Institut, Mülheim, C–H functionalization can be accomplished by hydride abstraction followed by coupling of the resulting carbocation with a nucleophile. Olafs Daugulis of the University of Houston used (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 5188) a Pd catalyst to couple 21 with 22 to give 23 with high diastereocontrol. Yoshiji Takemoto of Kyoto University cyclized (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 2763) the chloroformate 24 directly to the oxindole 25.
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John F. Hartwig of the University of California, Berkeley showed (Nature 2012, 483, 70) that intramolecular C–H silylation of 1 selectively gave, after oxidation and acetylation, the bis acetate 2. Gong Chen of Pennsylvania State University coupled (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7313) 3 with 4 to give the ether 5. M. Christina White of the University of Illinois effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 9721) selective oxidation of the taxane derivative 6 to the lactone 7. Most of the work on C–H functionalization has focused on the formation of C–C, C–O, and C–N bonds. Donald A. Watson of the University of Delaware developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 3663) conditions for the complementary conversion of an alkene 8 to the allyl silane 9, a powerful and versatile nucleophile. Kilian Muniz of ICIQ Tarragona oxidized (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7242) the enyne 10 selectively to the amine 11. Phil S. Baran of Scripps/La Jolla devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2547) a protocol for the OH-directed amination of 12 to 13. Professor White developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2036) a related OH-directed amination of 14 to 15 that proceeded with retention of absolute configuration. Tom G. Driver of the University of Illinois, Chicago showed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7262) that the aryl azide 16 could be cyclized directly to the amine, which was protected to give 17. As illustrated by the conversion of 18 to 20 devised (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012, 354, 701) by Martin Klussmann of the Max-Planck-Institut, Mülheim, C–H functionalization can be accomplished by hydride abstraction followed by coupling of the resulting carbocation with a nucleophile. Olafs Daugulis of the University of Houston used (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 5188) a Pd catalyst to couple 21 with 22 to give 23 with high diastereocontrol. Yoshiji Takemoto of Kyoto University cyclized (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 2763) the chloroformate 24 directly to the oxindole 25.
Perry A. Frey and Adrian D. Hegeman
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195122589
- eISBN:
- 9780197565469
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195122589.003.0005
- Subject:
- Chemistry, Organic Chemistry
Enzymes catalyze the biochemical reactions in cells of all organisms. These reactions constitute the chemical basis of life. Most enzymes are proteins—a few are ...
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Enzymes catalyze the biochemical reactions in cells of all organisms. These reactions constitute the chemical basis of life. Most enzymes are proteins—a few are ribonucleic acids or ribonucleoproteins—and the catalytic machinery is located in a relatively small active site, where substrates bind and are chemically processed into products. Illustrations of the molecular structure of chymotrypsin, a typical enzyme, and the location of its active site appear in figs. 1-1A and B. The polypeptide chain is shown as a ribbon diagram, and the active site is the region in which an inhibitor, the black ball-and-stick model, is bound. The gray ball-and-stick structures are amino acid side chains at the active site that participate in catalysis. The ribbon diagram shows the individual chains and the α-helices and β-strands as if there were vacant spaces between them; however, very little free space exists in the interior of an enzyme. The packing density in the interior of a protein is typically 0.7 to 0.8, meaning that 70% to 80% of the space is filled and only 20% to 30% is interstitial space (Richards, 1974). That the packing density in hexagonally closest packed spheres is 0.75, similar to a protein, conveys a concept of the interior. The free space inside a protein is so little that in a space-filling model, the polypeptide chain cannot be discerned, and interactions between active sites and substrate or inhibitors cannot be seen. For this reason, we display structures as ribbon diagrams to facilitate the discussion of ligand binding interactions within an active site. Chymotrypsin is the most widely studied and one of the best-understood enzymes. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins at the carboxamide groups of hydrophobic amino acid residues, principally phenylalanyl, tyrosyl, and tryptophanyl residues. It also catalyzes the hydrolysis of small substrates, such as acetyltyrosine ethyl ester (ATEE) or acetyltyrosine p-nitroanilide (ATNA). These reactions are practically irreversible, their rates can be measured spectrophotometrically, and they behave kinetically as one-substrate enzymatic reactions. The overall reaction of ATEE can be written as ATEE → Acetyltyrosine + Ethanol, where the participation of water as a substrate is understood.
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Enzymes catalyze the biochemical reactions in cells of all organisms. These reactions constitute the chemical basis of life. Most enzymes are proteins—a few are ribonucleic acids or ribonucleoproteins—and the catalytic machinery is located in a relatively small active site, where substrates bind and are chemically processed into products. Illustrations of the molecular structure of chymotrypsin, a typical enzyme, and the location of its active site appear in figs. 1-1A and B. The polypeptide chain is shown as a ribbon diagram, and the active site is the region in which an inhibitor, the black ball-and-stick model, is bound. The gray ball-and-stick structures are amino acid side chains at the active site that participate in catalysis. The ribbon diagram shows the individual chains and the α-helices and β-strands as if there were vacant spaces between them; however, very little free space exists in the interior of an enzyme. The packing density in the interior of a protein is typically 0.7 to 0.8, meaning that 70% to 80% of the space is filled and only 20% to 30% is interstitial space (Richards, 1974). That the packing density in hexagonally closest packed spheres is 0.75, similar to a protein, conveys a concept of the interior. The free space inside a protein is so little that in a space-filling model, the polypeptide chain cannot be discerned, and interactions between active sites and substrate or inhibitors cannot be seen. For this reason, we display structures as ribbon diagrams to facilitate the discussion of ligand binding interactions within an active site. Chymotrypsin is the most widely studied and one of the best-understood enzymes. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins at the carboxamide groups of hydrophobic amino acid residues, principally phenylalanyl, tyrosyl, and tryptophanyl residues. It also catalyzes the hydrolysis of small substrates, such as acetyltyrosine ethyl ester (ATEE) or acetyltyrosine p-nitroanilide (ATNA). These reactions are practically irreversible, their rates can be measured spectrophotometrically, and they behave kinetically as one-substrate enzymatic reactions. The overall reaction of ATEE can be written as ATEE → Acetyltyrosine + Ethanol, where the participation of water as a substrate is understood.
Peter Green
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520255074
- eISBN:
- 9780520934719
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520255074.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter explores Prof. N.G.L. Hammond' the History of Greece, first published just over a decade ago and since purged of some of its wilder flights of fancy in its second edition. It observes ...
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This chapter explores Prof. N.G.L. Hammond' the History of Greece, first published just over a decade ago and since purged of some of its wilder flights of fancy in its second edition. It observes that, paradoxically, despite his up-to-date knowledge—including his familiarity with the language and topography of modern Greece in peace and war—Professor Hammond remains a kind of High Tory Hellenist, and his work a good deal more reactionary in tone than the third edition of Bury. The chapter notes that the first thing that is bound to strike the reader is Hammond's scale of values, as demonstrated quantitatively in the space which he allots to various topics; the second is the overall planning by chapters. It observes that Hammond, like Bury and his predecessors, tucks away such matters as art, religion, philosophy, and literature in rather perfunctory chapters on their own—a habit which still exercises its lure on the historian of antiquity, despite persistent criticism over many years.Less
This chapter explores Prof. N.G.L. Hammond' the History of Greece, first published just over a decade ago and since purged of some of its wilder flights of fancy in its second edition. It observes that, paradoxically, despite his up-to-date knowledge—including his familiarity with the language and topography of modern Greece in peace and war—Professor Hammond remains a kind of High Tory Hellenist, and his work a good deal more reactionary in tone than the third edition of Bury. The chapter notes that the first thing that is bound to strike the reader is Hammond's scale of values, as demonstrated quantitatively in the space which he allots to various topics; the second is the overall planning by chapters. It observes that Hammond, like Bury and his predecessors, tucks away such matters as art, religion, philosophy, and literature in rather perfunctory chapters on their own—a habit which still exercises its lure on the historian of antiquity, despite persistent criticism over many years.
