Victoria Harris
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199578573
- eISBN:
- 9780191722936
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199578573.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book examines the German sex trade from the lowest level upwards, focusing on the voices and experiences of the prostitutes. The book moves telescopically through four chapters. It begins with ...
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This book examines the German sex trade from the lowest level upwards, focusing on the voices and experiences of the prostitutes. The book moves telescopically through four chapters. It begins with the the prostitute herself, then turns to the wider community in which she operated, before discussing her interactions with German society more widely, and finishing with a discussion of the prostitute's relationship to the larger, bureaucratic workings of the nation‐state. In doing this, the book uses prostitution to help recast our understanding of sexuality and ethics in twentieth‐century Germany. It demonstrates the difficult relationship between criminality, marginality, and deviance, teaching us much about how German society defined itself by determining who did not belong within it. Finally, the book challenges our conception of the relationship between the type of government in power and official attitudes towards sexuality, arguing that the prevalent desire to control citizens' sexuality transcended traditional left–right divides and intensified with economic and political modernization. Throughout, the study notes the important continuities and breaks across this difficult thirty‐year period of Germany's history. Despite the inherent problems in doing so, in studying prostitution it is first necessary to try to understand prostitutes, as well as the other individuals who ensured the continued operation of the sex trade. The title of this book, Prostitutes in German Society, is more than simply a semantic choice. It encapsulates its focus on the individual human actors at the centre of the sex trade.Less
This book examines the German sex trade from the lowest level upwards, focusing on the voices and experiences of the prostitutes. The book moves telescopically through four chapters. It begins with the the prostitute herself, then turns to the wider community in which she operated, before discussing her interactions with German society more widely, and finishing with a discussion of the prostitute's relationship to the larger, bureaucratic workings of the nation‐state. In doing this, the book uses prostitution to help recast our understanding of sexuality and ethics in twentieth‐century Germany. It demonstrates the difficult relationship between criminality, marginality, and deviance, teaching us much about how German society defined itself by determining who did not belong within it. Finally, the book challenges our conception of the relationship between the type of government in power and official attitudes towards sexuality, arguing that the prevalent desire to control citizens' sexuality transcended traditional left–right divides and intensified with economic and political modernization. Throughout, the study notes the important continuities and breaks across this difficult thirty‐year period of Germany's history. Despite the inherent problems in doing so, in studying prostitution it is first necessary to try to understand prostitutes, as well as the other individuals who ensured the continued operation of the sex trade. The title of this book, Prostitutes in German Society, is more than simply a semantic choice. It encapsulates its focus on the individual human actors at the centre of the sex trade.
Michael H. Kater
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195165531
- eISBN:
- 9780199872237
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195165531.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
Nazi faithfuls who might have thought that jazz music had vanished from the Reich could be proven wrong just a few weeks into World War II. These Nazis were deploring a state of affairs which, ...
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Nazi faithfuls who might have thought that jazz music had vanished from the Reich could be proven wrong just a few weeks into World War II. These Nazis were deploring a state of affairs which, unbeknownst to them, was in perfect accord with Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels's own directives. For the sake of social peace, but initially also because the war had been planned as a short interlude, Goebbels conjured up a myth of continuity, of normalcy, from peace to wartime. By blanking out the unaccustomed consciousness of stress and pain, the hardships of this new war could be more easily legitimized. Toward that goal, cultural events of all kinds, in content and in form not significantly different from their prewar proportions, would help the propaganda machinery that was busily at work on so many other facets of the nation's collective life.Less
Nazi faithfuls who might have thought that jazz music had vanished from the Reich could be proven wrong just a few weeks into World War II. These Nazis were deploring a state of affairs which, unbeknownst to them, was in perfect accord with Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels's own directives. For the sake of social peace, but initially also because the war had been planned as a short interlude, Goebbels conjured up a myth of continuity, of normalcy, from peace to wartime. By blanking out the unaccustomed consciousness of stress and pain, the hardships of this new war could be more easily legitimized. Toward that goal, cultural events of all kinds, in content and in form not significantly different from their prewar proportions, would help the propaganda machinery that was busily at work on so many other facets of the nation's collective life.
David F. Crew
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195053111
- eISBN:
- 9780199854479
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195053111.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter goes inside the Weimar welfare offices by exploring the identities and interests of the major players of the Hamburg's Welfare System. The Hamburg's Welfare System provided social ...
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This chapter goes inside the Weimar welfare offices by exploring the identities and interests of the major players of the Hamburg's Welfare System. The Hamburg's Welfare System provided social services that went beyond the minimum prescribed by national welfare regulations. It developed specialized areas of welfare. It was headed by Social Democratic political appointees, Paul Hoffman, Paul Neumann, and Oskar Martini. Other personnel came from existing public and private welfare agencies of the Hamburg administration. However, the Weimar welfare systems had a gendered boundary line between female and male as female social workers worked in the field while male administrative officials worked inside welfare offices. The welfare system after the war appointed or nominated volunteers as it needed more professional social workers and welfare officials than were employed. Thus, there was a new need for training as only five out of twenty people were competent so the welfare offices needed to train the voluntary workers.Less
This chapter goes inside the Weimar welfare offices by exploring the identities and interests of the major players of the Hamburg's Welfare System. The Hamburg's Welfare System provided social services that went beyond the minimum prescribed by national welfare regulations. It developed specialized areas of welfare. It was headed by Social Democratic political appointees, Paul Hoffman, Paul Neumann, and Oskar Martini. Other personnel came from existing public and private welfare agencies of the Hamburg administration. However, the Weimar welfare systems had a gendered boundary line between female and male as female social workers worked in the field while male administrative officials worked inside welfare offices. The welfare system after the war appointed or nominated volunteers as it needed more professional social workers and welfare officials than were employed. Thus, there was a new need for training as only five out of twenty people were competent so the welfare offices needed to train the voluntary workers.
Renee Levine Melammed
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195170719
- eISBN:
- 9780199835416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195170717.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
Four destinations in Western Europe are under consideration here, namely Amsterdam, France, London, and Italy. While Hamburg and Antwerp attracted some emigrants, the majority of whom were merchants, ...
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Four destinations in Western Europe are under consideration here, namely Amsterdam, France, London, and Italy. While Hamburg and Antwerp attracted some emigrants, the majority of whom were merchants, Amsterdam proved to be more attractive economically and because it had just freed itself from Catholic Spain. The members of the Nation who settled here began to build a Jewish community despite the fact that they had no previous experience as Jews; in essence they were "New Jews." The fact that so many of these conversos were able to make this transition, and that their newly formed community would later serve as an example for other developing converso communities, is a marvel unto itself.Less
Four destinations in Western Europe are under consideration here, namely Amsterdam, France, London, and Italy. While Hamburg and Antwerp attracted some emigrants, the majority of whom were merchants, Amsterdam proved to be more attractive economically and because it had just freed itself from Catholic Spain. The members of the Nation who settled here began to build a Jewish community despite the fact that they had no previous experience as Jews; in essence they were "New Jews." The fact that so many of these conversos were able to make this transition, and that their newly formed community would later serve as an example for other developing converso communities, is a marvel unto itself.
Erika Lorraine Milam
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691181882
- eISBN:
- 9780691185095
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691181882.003.0016
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter looks at the scientific revelations produced by Jane Goodall's studies on great apes and the effects these studies had on the contentious field of sociobiology. When Jane Goodall and ...
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This chapter looks at the scientific revelations produced by Jane Goodall's studies on great apes and the effects these studies had on the contentious field of sociobiology. When Jane Goodall and David Hamburg argued for the biological similarities shared by humans and chimpanzees, they also articulated a vision of human nature. They based this vision on biological relatedness rather than on ecological sympathy and implicitly questioned the gendered roles and social hierarchies that characterized baboon behavior as the most appropriate primate model for reconstructing the social and behavioral norms that might have characterized early human life on the savannah. Goodall's early discoveries that chimpanzees manufactured tools, sticks with which to eat termites and masticated leaves with which to sponge up water, fit well with hypotheses that the origins of tool use lay in manufacturing aids for “gathering and processing food” rather than as weapons. But one of Hamburg's graduate students later recalled him warning her not to go overboard with sociobiology.Less
This chapter looks at the scientific revelations produced by Jane Goodall's studies on great apes and the effects these studies had on the contentious field of sociobiology. When Jane Goodall and David Hamburg argued for the biological similarities shared by humans and chimpanzees, they also articulated a vision of human nature. They based this vision on biological relatedness rather than on ecological sympathy and implicitly questioned the gendered roles and social hierarchies that characterized baboon behavior as the most appropriate primate model for reconstructing the social and behavioral norms that might have characterized early human life on the savannah. Goodall's early discoveries that chimpanzees manufactured tools, sticks with which to eat termites and masticated leaves with which to sponge up water, fit well with hypotheses that the origins of tool use lay in manufacturing aids for “gathering and processing food” rather than as weapons. But one of Hamburg's graduate students later recalled him warning her not to go overboard with sociobiology.
Maiken Umbach
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199557394
- eISBN:
- 9780191721564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557394.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History, European Modern History
This chapter analyses changing configurations of the past around 1900. It analyses the embeddedness of German bourgeois modernism in mainstream bourgeois culture of the earlier 19th century, notably ...
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This chapter analyses changing configurations of the past around 1900. It analyses the embeddedness of German bourgeois modernism in mainstream bourgeois culture of the earlier 19th century, notably historicism. As a brainchild of 19th‐century positivism, Rankean academic historicism treated the past as objectively knowable. Historicism in architecture, or Beaux Arts, echoed this epistemological optimism. Modernists, by contrast, focused on subjective memories and narrative modes that replaced chronological classification with long duration. Yet this break was not clear‐cut. A close analysis of paradigmatic buildings and spaces shows how German bourgeois modernists transformed historical precedents into cultural archetypes, which could be experienced rather than just deciphered, and used them to root urban mass society in an organic sense of the past. Yet history was never jettisoned, because it offered a sense of structure and social order, which remained vital to the material assertion of bourgeois hegemony.Less
This chapter analyses changing configurations of the past around 1900. It analyses the embeddedness of German bourgeois modernism in mainstream bourgeois culture of the earlier 19th century, notably historicism. As a brainchild of 19th‐century positivism, Rankean academic historicism treated the past as objectively knowable. Historicism in architecture, or Beaux Arts, echoed this epistemological optimism. Modernists, by contrast, focused on subjective memories and narrative modes that replaced chronological classification with long duration. Yet this break was not clear‐cut. A close analysis of paradigmatic buildings and spaces shows how German bourgeois modernists transformed historical precedents into cultural archetypes, which could be experienced rather than just deciphered, and used them to root urban mass society in an organic sense of the past. Yet history was never jettisoned, because it offered a sense of structure and social order, which remained vital to the material assertion of bourgeois hegemony.
Maiken Umbach
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199557394
- eISBN:
- 9780191721564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557394.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History, European Modern History
This chapter argues that Heimat, the cultivation of a local sense of belonging, was integral not only to German nationalism, but also to German bourgeois modernism. It traces how markers of ...
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This chapter argues that Heimat, the cultivation of a local sense of belonging, was integral not only to German nationalism, but also to German bourgeois modernism. It traces how markers of place‐based sentiment were re‐moulded to suit distinctly modernist sensibilities, and then employed in a variety of urban settings. In Hamburg, reformers such as Fritz Schumacher transformed the iconography of the patrician city‐republic into a more sentimental rhetoric of place, capable of reaching out to new political constituencies. Although they had fewer distinctive local precedents to draw on, in Berlin, architects such as Hermann Muthesius, using English inspirations, created a modernist vernacular iconography, which came to dominate the new suburbs. The third case study explored here is the (partial) failure of attempts by reformers such as Karl Ernst Osthaus to transform the new industrial city of Hagen into the regional heart of the Ruhrgebiet.Less
This chapter argues that Heimat, the cultivation of a local sense of belonging, was integral not only to German nationalism, but also to German bourgeois modernism. It traces how markers of place‐based sentiment were re‐moulded to suit distinctly modernist sensibilities, and then employed in a variety of urban settings. In Hamburg, reformers such as Fritz Schumacher transformed the iconography of the patrician city‐republic into a more sentimental rhetoric of place, capable of reaching out to new political constituencies. Although they had fewer distinctive local precedents to draw on, in Berlin, architects such as Hermann Muthesius, using English inspirations, created a modernist vernacular iconography, which came to dominate the new suburbs. The third case study explored here is the (partial) failure of attempts by reformers such as Karl Ernst Osthaus to transform the new industrial city of Hagen into the regional heart of the Ruhrgebiet.
Rainer Liedtke
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207238
- eISBN:
- 9780191677564
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207238.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This comparative history of Jewish welfare in Hamburg and Manchester highlights Jewish integration and identity formation in 19th-century Europe. Despite their fundamentally different historical ...
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This comparative history of Jewish welfare in Hamburg and Manchester highlights Jewish integration and identity formation in 19th-century Europe. Despite their fundamentally different historical experiences, the Jews of both cities displayed very similar patterns of welfare organization. This is illustrated by an analysis of community-wide Jewish welfare bodies and institutions, provisions for Eastern European Jewish immigrants and transmigrants, the importance of women in Jewish welfare, and the function of specialized Jewish voluntary welfare associations. The realm of welfare was vital for the preservation of secular Jewish identities and the maintenance of internal social balances. The book demonstrates how these virtually self-sufficient Jewish welfare systems became important components of distinctive Jewish subcultures. It shows that, though it was intended to promote Jewish integration, the separate organization of welfare in practice served to segregate Jews from non-Jews in this very important sphere of everyday life.Less
This comparative history of Jewish welfare in Hamburg and Manchester highlights Jewish integration and identity formation in 19th-century Europe. Despite their fundamentally different historical experiences, the Jews of both cities displayed very similar patterns of welfare organization. This is illustrated by an analysis of community-wide Jewish welfare bodies and institutions, provisions for Eastern European Jewish immigrants and transmigrants, the importance of women in Jewish welfare, and the function of specialized Jewish voluntary welfare associations. The realm of welfare was vital for the preservation of secular Jewish identities and the maintenance of internal social balances. The book demonstrates how these virtually self-sufficient Jewish welfare systems became important components of distinctive Jewish subcultures. It shows that, though it was intended to promote Jewish integration, the separate organization of welfare in practice served to segregate Jews from non-Jews in this very important sphere of everyday life.
Volker R. Berghahn
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691179636
- eISBN:
- 9780691185071
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691179636.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter analyzes the broader context of the three journalists' work in Hamburg as one of several media centers in West Germany. It also explores the question of press freedom during the Cold War ...
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This chapter analyzes the broader context of the three journalists' work in Hamburg as one of several media centers in West Germany. It also explores the question of press freedom during the Cold War and of how far journalists were able to enjoy it. After all, the West German Basic Law guaranteed the freedom to write and speak, within the limits of the law, without fear of being arrested and imprisoned. The Nazi era, when these freedoms had been suppressed, was over. Yet there was another constraint: after the war the Federal Republic, having abolished Nazi regimentation of the press, adopted a capitalist economy. This meant that the ultimate freedom to publish rested with the publishers and owners of a particular paper. This is the legal background of the emergence of a free press in West Germany. Many journalists who had experienced “un-freedom” and brutal censorship during the Nazi period now found themselves in the era of the Cold War, with its new conformist pressures, which were personified by Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, for he in many ways embodied the autocratic style that continued to pervade post-1945 West German political culture.Less
This chapter analyzes the broader context of the three journalists' work in Hamburg as one of several media centers in West Germany. It also explores the question of press freedom during the Cold War and of how far journalists were able to enjoy it. After all, the West German Basic Law guaranteed the freedom to write and speak, within the limits of the law, without fear of being arrested and imprisoned. The Nazi era, when these freedoms had been suppressed, was over. Yet there was another constraint: after the war the Federal Republic, having abolished Nazi regimentation of the press, adopted a capitalist economy. This meant that the ultimate freedom to publish rested with the publishers and owners of a particular paper. This is the legal background of the emergence of a free press in West Germany. Many journalists who had experienced “un-freedom” and brutal censorship during the Nazi period now found themselves in the era of the Cold War, with its new conformist pressures, which were personified by Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, for he in many ways embodied the autocratic style that continued to pervade post-1945 West German political culture.
Mary Oleskiewicz (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041488
- eISBN:
- 9780252050084
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041488.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This volume investigates topics surrounding Johann Sebastian Bach and his five musically gifted sons. Robert Marshall takes on a deeply psychological perspective by examining how each of the Bach ...
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This volume investigates topics surrounding Johann Sebastian Bach and his five musically gifted sons. Robert Marshall takes on a deeply psychological perspective by examining how each of the Bach sons personally dealt with Sebastian’s imposing legacy. Mary Oleskiewicz investigates the Bach family’s connections to historical keyboard instruments and musical venues at the Prussian court of Frederick “the Great.” David Schulenberg argues that Emanuel Bach’s most significant contribution to European music is the large and diverse body of keyboard music he composed for harpsichord, fortepiano, organ and the clavichord. Evan Cortens’s chapter takes a detailed view of Emanuel Bach’s singers, vocal performance materials, and pay records in Hamburg and concludes that, as in most other parts of Germany at that time, one singer per part was the norm for Emanuel’s liturgical music after 1767. Finally, Christine Blanken’s essay continues research into Breitkopf’s publishing firm. Her discovery of unknown manuscripts by several members of the Bach family demonstrates much about what we can still learn about musical transmission, performance practice, and concert life in Bach’s Leipzig.Less
This volume investigates topics surrounding Johann Sebastian Bach and his five musically gifted sons. Robert Marshall takes on a deeply psychological perspective by examining how each of the Bach sons personally dealt with Sebastian’s imposing legacy. Mary Oleskiewicz investigates the Bach family’s connections to historical keyboard instruments and musical venues at the Prussian court of Frederick “the Great.” David Schulenberg argues that Emanuel Bach’s most significant contribution to European music is the large and diverse body of keyboard music he composed for harpsichord, fortepiano, organ and the clavichord. Evan Cortens’s chapter takes a detailed view of Emanuel Bach’s singers, vocal performance materials, and pay records in Hamburg and concludes that, as in most other parts of Germany at that time, one singer per part was the norm for Emanuel’s liturgical music after 1767. Finally, Christine Blanken’s essay continues research into Breitkopf’s publishing firm. Her discovery of unknown manuscripts by several members of the Bach family demonstrates much about what we can still learn about musical transmission, performance practice, and concert life in Bach’s Leipzig.
Rainer Liedtke
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207238
- eISBN:
- 9780191677564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207238.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the social, economic, and cultural transformation Jewish society underwent by looking into the organization of welfare in two different European cities, Hamburg and Manchester. ...
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This chapter examines the social, economic, and cultural transformation Jewish society underwent by looking into the organization of welfare in two different European cities, Hamburg and Manchester. It investigates the ‘long 19th century’ and focuses particularly on the half-century from about the late 1850s to the beginning of the First World War, i.e. the period during which the Jews' legal emancipation was accomplished practically everywhere in Central and Western Europe. It notes that elaborate systems of separate Jewish welfare organized to function as a mechanism to preserve Jewish identity and this was regarded by Jews and non-Jews as a catalyst or obstacle to the minority's integration into society at large.Less
This chapter examines the social, economic, and cultural transformation Jewish society underwent by looking into the organization of welfare in two different European cities, Hamburg and Manchester. It investigates the ‘long 19th century’ and focuses particularly on the half-century from about the late 1850s to the beginning of the First World War, i.e. the period during which the Jews' legal emancipation was accomplished practically everywhere in Central and Western Europe. It notes that elaborate systems of separate Jewish welfare organized to function as a mechanism to preserve Jewish identity and this was regarded by Jews and non-Jews as a catalyst or obstacle to the minority's integration into society at large.
Rainer Liedtke
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207238
- eISBN:
- 9780191677564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207238.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter provides a detailed picture of the internal workings of Jewish welfare organizations through primary sources. It analyses Jewish welfare by providing a comparative description of Hamburg ...
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This chapter provides a detailed picture of the internal workings of Jewish welfare organizations through primary sources. It analyses Jewish welfare by providing a comparative description of Hamburg and Manchester which charts key aspects of each cities' 19th-century historical development, their general welfare provisions, and the histories of their Jewish communities. The chapter contains a brief sketch of some political, demographic, and socio-economic characteristics of the two cities between 1850 and 1914; a more extensive description of the historical experience of their Jewries in the context of the development of Jewish minorities in Germany and England generally; and a survey of statutory, voluntary, and denominational welfare provisions in the societies of Hamburg and Manchester as a whole and of the opportunities these relief systems offered to Jews.Less
This chapter provides a detailed picture of the internal workings of Jewish welfare organizations through primary sources. It analyses Jewish welfare by providing a comparative description of Hamburg and Manchester which charts key aspects of each cities' 19th-century historical development, their general welfare provisions, and the histories of their Jewish communities. The chapter contains a brief sketch of some political, demographic, and socio-economic characteristics of the two cities between 1850 and 1914; a more extensive description of the historical experience of their Jewries in the context of the development of Jewish minorities in Germany and England generally; and a survey of statutory, voluntary, and denominational welfare provisions in the societies of Hamburg and Manchester as a whole and of the opportunities these relief systems offered to Jews.
Rainer Liedtke
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207238
- eISBN:
- 9780191677564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207238.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter distinguishes analytically between Jewish welfare at the level of the entire community in the sense of either the DIG in Hamburg or the Manchester congregations on the one side, and on ...
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This chapter distinguishes analytically between Jewish welfare at the level of the entire community in the sense of either the DIG in Hamburg or the Manchester congregations on the one side, and on the other the multitude of smaller Jewish welfare associations that are an element of the buoyant Jewish associational life in both cities. It notes that in the case of Hamburg, many of these associations only developed in the second half of the 19th century when the community-wide system had already been in place for some decades. It further notes that the smaller Manchester Jewry was content with a relief system on the level of individual congregations until the 1860s; its associational life developed parallel to a centralized communal welfare organization in the second half of the century.Less
This chapter distinguishes analytically between Jewish welfare at the level of the entire community in the sense of either the DIG in Hamburg or the Manchester congregations on the one side, and on the other the multitude of smaller Jewish welfare associations that are an element of the buoyant Jewish associational life in both cities. It notes that in the case of Hamburg, many of these associations only developed in the second half of the 19th century when the community-wide system had already been in place for some decades. It further notes that the smaller Manchester Jewry was content with a relief system on the level of individual congregations until the 1860s; its associational life developed parallel to a centralized communal welfare organization in the second half of the century.
Rainer Liedtke
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207238
- eISBN:
- 9780191677564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207238.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter focuses on co-operation between the community-wide Jewish welfare bodies — regarded by non-Jews as ‘official’ — and the institutions of poor relief in the wider society. It notes that ...
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This chapter focuses on co-operation between the community-wide Jewish welfare bodies — regarded by non-Jews as ‘official’ — and the institutions of poor relief in the wider society. It notes that this sheds light, in particular, on the relevance of religious observance in Jewish welfare work. It also inquires what these contacts say about the image Jewish welfare organizations in Hamburg and Manchester convey to larger society and how they perceive themselves.Less
This chapter focuses on co-operation between the community-wide Jewish welfare bodies — regarded by non-Jews as ‘official’ — and the institutions of poor relief in the wider society. It notes that this sheds light, in particular, on the relevance of religious observance in Jewish welfare work. It also inquires what these contacts say about the image Jewish welfare organizations in Hamburg and Manchester convey to larger society and how they perceive themselves.
Rainer Liedtke
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207238
- eISBN:
- 9780191677564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207238.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter focuses on the Jewish schools and hospitals which exist in both communities and then examines the institutions for orphans, the aged, and the chronically sick, which only Hamburg Jewry ...
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This chapter focuses on the Jewish schools and hospitals which exist in both communities and then examines the institutions for orphans, the aged, and the chronically sick, which only Hamburg Jewry had at its disposal. It notes that the educational, medical, and other similar welfare institutions of Hamburg and Manchester Jewries are usually community-wide in orientation but are only rarely administered by the Germeinde or a single synagogue, though personal and financial connections to those bodies often exist. The chapter observes that they display, much more than charitable organizations operating out of committee meetings, the achievements of a community in the welfare sector.Less
This chapter focuses on the Jewish schools and hospitals which exist in both communities and then examines the institutions for orphans, the aged, and the chronically sick, which only Hamburg Jewry had at its disposal. It notes that the educational, medical, and other similar welfare institutions of Hamburg and Manchester Jewries are usually community-wide in orientation but are only rarely administered by the Germeinde or a single synagogue, though personal and financial connections to those bodies often exist. The chapter observes that they display, much more than charitable organizations operating out of committee meetings, the achievements of a community in the welfare sector.
Rainer Liedtke
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207238
- eISBN:
- 9780191677564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207238.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter aims to highlight further issues which demonstrate the kind of problems faced by the welfare system of the Jewish establishment of Manchester when it dealt with co-religionists from the ...
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This chapter aims to highlight further issues which demonstrate the kind of problems faced by the welfare system of the Jewish establishment of Manchester when it dealt with co-religionists from the east. It notes that it is difficult to single out welfare provisions for Eastern European immigrant Jews in Manchester since most of the organizations and associations of the second half of the 19th century catered almost exclusively for them. It further notes that some aspects of the Anglicization and acculturation of the immigrants have already been analyzed. It reveals that an analysis of how Hamburg's Jewish establishment regarded Jewish and non-Jewish Eastern Europeans' transmigration through the city and devised support institutions highlights that, a number of underlying attitudes and reactions are very similar to those displayed by Manchester's Jewish elite.Less
This chapter aims to highlight further issues which demonstrate the kind of problems faced by the welfare system of the Jewish establishment of Manchester when it dealt with co-religionists from the east. It notes that it is difficult to single out welfare provisions for Eastern European immigrant Jews in Manchester since most of the organizations and associations of the second half of the 19th century catered almost exclusively for them. It further notes that some aspects of the Anglicization and acculturation of the immigrants have already been analyzed. It reveals that an analysis of how Hamburg's Jewish establishment regarded Jewish and non-Jewish Eastern Europeans' transmigration through the city and devised support institutions highlights that, a number of underlying attitudes and reactions are very similar to those displayed by Manchester's Jewish elite.
Rainer Liedtke
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207238
- eISBN:
- 9780191677564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207238.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter charts the role Jewish women play in the welfare systems of Hamburg and Manchester. It notes that Jewish women participate in a number of different associations and form organizations ...
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This chapter charts the role Jewish women play in the welfare systems of Hamburg and Manchester. It notes that Jewish women participate in a number of different associations and form organizations for charitable purposes considerably earlier than non-Jewish women. It demonstrates that organizations with a background in traditional Jewish charity enjoy considerable support from Hamburg Jewry towards the end of the 19th century. However, in Manchester, it notes that there is comparatively little organized welfare involvement by Jewish women in their own societies in the mid-19th century, apart from the clothing societies attached to Jewish schools. It explains that due to the late initial settlement of Jews in Manchester and the subsequent steady but slow influx of Jewish immigrants from diverse backgrounds, there is not much tradition the community could hark back to.Less
This chapter charts the role Jewish women play in the welfare systems of Hamburg and Manchester. It notes that Jewish women participate in a number of different associations and form organizations for charitable purposes considerably earlier than non-Jewish women. It demonstrates that organizations with a background in traditional Jewish charity enjoy considerable support from Hamburg Jewry towards the end of the 19th century. However, in Manchester, it notes that there is comparatively little organized welfare involvement by Jewish women in their own societies in the mid-19th century, apart from the clothing societies attached to Jewish schools. It explains that due to the late initial settlement of Jews in Manchester and the subsequent steady but slow influx of Jewish immigrants from diverse backgrounds, there is not much tradition the community could hark back to.
Rainer Liedtke
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207238
- eISBN:
- 9780191677564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207238.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter concentrates on a multitude of smaller Jewish charities and self-help institutions for a variety of purposes. It deals with subjects which are either unique to one city, such as the ...
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This chapter concentrates on a multitude of smaller Jewish charities and self-help institutions for a variety of purposes. It deals with subjects which are either unique to one city, such as the organization of welfare by Eastern European Jews in Manchester, or which are only documented for one place, such as the numerous ‘traditional’ Jewish charitable associations which tried to find their place in the Hamburg Jewish community of the second half of the 19th century that was undergoing transformation.Less
This chapter concentrates on a multitude of smaller Jewish charities and self-help institutions for a variety of purposes. It deals with subjects which are either unique to one city, such as the organization of welfare by Eastern European Jews in Manchester, or which are only documented for one place, such as the numerous ‘traditional’ Jewish charitable associations which tried to find their place in the Hamburg Jewish community of the second half of the 19th century that was undergoing transformation.
Rainer Liedtke
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207238
- eISBN:
- 9780191677564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207238.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter concludes that the comparison between Hamburg and Manchester underlines the importance of structure over culture. It observes that the variety of historical circumstance is far more ...
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This chapter concludes that the comparison between Hamburg and Manchester underlines the importance of structure over culture. It observes that the variety of historical circumstance is far more significant than traditions and customs in the build-up and maintenance of Jewish welfare. It notes that when compared with each other, Jewish social services in Hamburg and Manchester are fairly different, but many similarities become apparent if one juxtaposes the Jewish and non-Jewish provisions of each city. It determines the role welfare played in Jewish life in Hamburg and Manchester and explains the existence of separate Jewish charitable and self-help networks. It also emphasizes the importance of the vital role Jewish welfare plays in the preservation and redefinition of a post-emancipation Jewish identity in Hamburg and Manchester.Less
This chapter concludes that the comparison between Hamburg and Manchester underlines the importance of structure over culture. It observes that the variety of historical circumstance is far more significant than traditions and customs in the build-up and maintenance of Jewish welfare. It notes that when compared with each other, Jewish social services in Hamburg and Manchester are fairly different, but many similarities become apparent if one juxtaposes the Jewish and non-Jewish provisions of each city. It determines the role welfare played in Jewish life in Hamburg and Manchester and explains the existence of separate Jewish charitable and self-help networks. It also emphasizes the importance of the vital role Jewish welfare plays in the preservation and redefinition of a post-emancipation Jewish identity in Hamburg and Manchester.
Torsten Feys
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781927869000
- eISBN:
- 9781786944443
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869000.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to ...
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This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to demonstrate that maritime and migration histories are interlinked and dependent on a deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political factors at work in the nineteenth century Atlantic community. It centres on both the evolution of the port of Rotterdam as a migration gateway, and the crucial role of the Holland-America line as a regulator of the North American passenger trade. The first part of the book explores the simultaneous rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870. The second part, divided into five chapters, explores how mass migration became a big business between 1870 and 1914, and scrutinises how steamship companies organised and provided initiatives for transoceanic migration, plus the role of shipping agents and agent-networks, and how passenger services were constructed within transatlantic networks. Over the course of the text it becomes increasingly clear that by approaching mass migration as a trade issue, the role of steamship companies in the facilitation of transatlantic migration is rendered both intrinsic and pivotal. It consists of an introduction containing contextual information, two sections providing historical overviews, five chapters exploring different aspects of the shipping industry’s response to mass migration, conclusion, bibliography, and six appendices of passenger, destination, agent, and advertising statistics.Less
This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to demonstrate that maritime and migration histories are interlinked and dependent on a deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political factors at work in the nineteenth century Atlantic community. It centres on both the evolution of the port of Rotterdam as a migration gateway, and the crucial role of the Holland-America line as a regulator of the North American passenger trade. The first part of the book explores the simultaneous rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870. The second part, divided into five chapters, explores how mass migration became a big business between 1870 and 1914, and scrutinises how steamship companies organised and provided initiatives for transoceanic migration, plus the role of shipping agents and agent-networks, and how passenger services were constructed within transatlantic networks. Over the course of the text it becomes increasingly clear that by approaching mass migration as a trade issue, the role of steamship companies in the facilitation of transatlantic migration is rendered both intrinsic and pivotal. It consists of an introduction containing contextual information, two sections providing historical overviews, five chapters exploring different aspects of the shipping industry’s response to mass migration, conclusion, bibliography, and six appendices of passenger, destination, agent, and advertising statistics.
