Marah Gubar
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195336252
- eISBN:
- 9780199868490
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195336252.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This introduction proposes that Golden Age children’s authors and members of the cult of the child were at best ambivalent and often hostile to the growing cultural pressure to conceive of children ...
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This introduction proposes that Golden Age children’s authors and members of the cult of the child were at best ambivalent and often hostile to the growing cultural pressure to conceive of children as a separate species from adults. Rather than wholeheartedly embracing the “Child of Nature” paradigm, figures such as Lewis Carroll and Kenneth Grahame conceived of children as socially saturated, highly acculturated beings—and, unlike Dickens and other chroniclers of childhood writing primarily for adults, these and other children’s authors refused to assume that precocious exposure to the civilized world would doom the child to a depressing fate. Contemporary reviews of Golden Age children’s classics and 19th-century discourse about the cult of the child reveal that Golden Age commentators recognized this: ironically, the two groups most strongly faulted by recent critics for portraying childhood as a static, remote, and idealized state—children’s authors and members of the cult—were censured in their own time for failing to promote a Romantic ideal of primitive simplicity.Less
This introduction proposes that Golden Age children’s authors and members of the cult of the child were at best ambivalent and often hostile to the growing cultural pressure to conceive of children as a separate species from adults. Rather than wholeheartedly embracing the “Child of Nature” paradigm, figures such as Lewis Carroll and Kenneth Grahame conceived of children as socially saturated, highly acculturated beings—and, unlike Dickens and other chroniclers of childhood writing primarily for adults, these and other children’s authors refused to assume that precocious exposure to the civilized world would doom the child to a depressing fate. Contemporary reviews of Golden Age children’s classics and 19th-century discourse about the cult of the child reveal that Golden Age commentators recognized this: ironically, the two groups most strongly faulted by recent critics for portraying childhood as a static, remote, and idealized state—children’s authors and members of the cult—were censured in their own time for failing to promote a Romantic ideal of primitive simplicity.
Marah Gubar
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195336252
- eISBN:
- 9780199868490
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195336252.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This book proposes a fundamental reconception of the 19th-century attitude toward the child. The Romantic ideology of innocence spread more slowly than we think, it contends, and the people whom we ...
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This book proposes a fundamental reconception of the 19th-century attitude toward the child. The Romantic ideology of innocence spread more slowly than we think, it contends, and the people whom we assume were most committed to it—children’s authors and members of the infamous “cult of the child”—were actually deeply ambivalent. Writers such as Lewis Carroll, Frances Hodgson Burnett, and J. M. Barrie often resisted the growing cultural pressure to erect a strict barrier between child and adult, innocence and experience. Instead of urging young people to mold themselves to match a static ideal of artless simplicity, they frequently conceived of children as precociously literate, highly socialized beings who—though indisputably shaped by the strictures of civilized life—could nevertheless cope with such influences in creative ways. By entertaining the idea that contact with the adult world does not necessarily victimize children, these authors reacted against Dickensian plots which imply that youngsters who work and play alongside adults (including the so-called Artful Dodger) are not in fact inventive or ingenious enough to avoid a sad fate. To find the truly artful child characters from this era, the book maintains, we must turn to children’s literature, a genre that celebrates the canny resourcefulness of young protagonists without claiming that they enjoy unlimited power and autonomy.Less
This book proposes a fundamental reconception of the 19th-century attitude toward the child. The Romantic ideology of innocence spread more slowly than we think, it contends, and the people whom we assume were most committed to it—children’s authors and members of the infamous “cult of the child”—were actually deeply ambivalent. Writers such as Lewis Carroll, Frances Hodgson Burnett, and J. M. Barrie often resisted the growing cultural pressure to erect a strict barrier between child and adult, innocence and experience. Instead of urging young people to mold themselves to match a static ideal of artless simplicity, they frequently conceived of children as precociously literate, highly socialized beings who—though indisputably shaped by the strictures of civilized life—could nevertheless cope with such influences in creative ways. By entertaining the idea that contact with the adult world does not necessarily victimize children, these authors reacted against Dickensian plots which imply that youngsters who work and play alongside adults (including the so-called Artful Dodger) are not in fact inventive or ingenious enough to avoid a sad fate. To find the truly artful child characters from this era, the book maintains, we must turn to children’s literature, a genre that celebrates the canny resourcefulness of young protagonists without claiming that they enjoy unlimited power and autonomy.
Dimitri El Murr
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199236343
- eISBN:
- 9780191717130
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199236343.003.0015
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
The central myth of the Politicus, concerning the cyclical nature of the cosmos, has been the subject of much exegetical controversy. This chapter explores the passage within the wider context of ...
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The central myth of the Politicus, concerning the cyclical nature of the cosmos, has been the subject of much exegetical controversy. This chapter explores the passage within the wider context of Greek Golden Age imagery (from Hesiod to Attic Comedy), and defends the view that Plato's myth describes two (not three) stages of cosmic development. Plato's message is that in neither state of the cosmos can the art of statesmanship be perfectly exemplified.Less
The central myth of the Politicus, concerning the cyclical nature of the cosmos, has been the subject of much exegetical controversy. This chapter explores the passage within the wider context of Greek Golden Age imagery (from Hesiod to Attic Comedy), and defends the view that Plato's myth describes two (not three) stages of cosmic development. Plato's message is that in neither state of the cosmos can the art of statesmanship be perfectly exemplified.
Christopher Dow
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199241231
- eISBN:
- 9780191596179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199241236.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics
The quarter‐century or so after World War II was a period when growth was relatively fast, demand was high, and unemployment was low, and when there were no large fluctuations as defined in this ...
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The quarter‐century or so after World War II was a period when growth was relatively fast, demand was high, and unemployment was low, and when there were no large fluctuations as defined in this book; it is referred to as the Golden Age, and raises large questions of a sort central to the purpose of the book. Section 7.1 gives an overview of the period, and Sect. 7.2 then considers the main questions raised: what caused fast growth and high demand to continue for so long, or prevented small recessions from developing (as in other periods) into big ones; were the conditions that produced the Golden Age simply exceptional in the history of developed economies and something we are unlikely to see again; and if so what did this lucky chance consist of? While there were no large fluctuations, there was a succession of small ones, and in Sect. 7.3, these are compared with the larger fluctuations that occurred in other periods, and the question of whether they were due to mistaken policy or to something more basic is looked at. Section 7.4 comes back to the larger issues: did this Golden Age contain within itself the seeds of its own destruction; were there developments in the period (such as accelerating inflation, or the flagging of investment demand) which would have brought the long period of fast growth and high demand to an end without an exogenous shock? Finally, Sect. 7.5 draws some general conclusions about the behaviour of the economy.Less
The quarter‐century or so after World War II was a period when growth was relatively fast, demand was high, and unemployment was low, and when there were no large fluctuations as defined in this book; it is referred to as the Golden Age, and raises large questions of a sort central to the purpose of the book. Section 7.1 gives an overview of the period, and Sect. 7.2 then considers the main questions raised: what caused fast growth and high demand to continue for so long, or prevented small recessions from developing (as in other periods) into big ones; were the conditions that produced the Golden Age simply exceptional in the history of developed economies and something we are unlikely to see again; and if so what did this lucky chance consist of? While there were no large fluctuations, there was a succession of small ones, and in Sect. 7.3, these are compared with the larger fluctuations that occurred in other periods, and the question of whether they were due to mistaken policy or to something more basic is looked at. Section 7.4 comes back to the larger issues: did this Golden Age contain within itself the seeds of its own destruction; were there developments in the period (such as accelerating inflation, or the flagging of investment demand) which would have brought the long period of fast growth and high demand to an end without an exogenous shock? Finally, Sect. 7.5 draws some general conclusions about the behaviour of the economy.
Anthony Close
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198159988
- eISBN:
- 9780191673733
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159988.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This book relates Cervantes' poetics of comic fiction to the common framework of assumptions, values, and ideas held by Spaniards of the Golden Age about the comic and the kinds of writing which ...
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This book relates Cervantes' poetics of comic fiction to the common framework of assumptions, values, and ideas held by Spaniards of the Golden Age about the comic and the kinds of writing which expressed it. This collective mentality underwent significant evolution in the period 1500 to 1630, and the factors which caused it are reflected in the ways in which the major comic genres (satire, the picaresque, the comedia, the novella) are re-launched, transformed, and theoretically rationalized around 1600, the time when Don Quixote and Cervantes' most famous novellas were written. Though Cervantes is universally acknowledged to be a master of comic fiction, his poetics have never before been considered from that specific angle, nor in such ample scope. In particular, the book sets out to identify the differences between Cervantes' poetics and the conceptions of comic fiction of his contemporaries, including Mateo Alemán.Less
This book relates Cervantes' poetics of comic fiction to the common framework of assumptions, values, and ideas held by Spaniards of the Golden Age about the comic and the kinds of writing which expressed it. This collective mentality underwent significant evolution in the period 1500 to 1630, and the factors which caused it are reflected in the ways in which the major comic genres (satire, the picaresque, the comedia, the novella) are re-launched, transformed, and theoretically rationalized around 1600, the time when Don Quixote and Cervantes' most famous novellas were written. Though Cervantes is universally acknowledged to be a master of comic fiction, his poetics have never before been considered from that specific angle, nor in such ample scope. In particular, the book sets out to identify the differences between Cervantes' poetics and the conceptions of comic fiction of his contemporaries, including Mateo Alemán.
Sidney Pollard
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206385
- eISBN:
- 9780191677106
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206385.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
The momentum of the British industrial revolution arose mostly in regions that were poorly endowed by nature, badly located, and considered backward and poor by contemporaries. This book examines the ...
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The momentum of the British industrial revolution arose mostly in regions that were poorly endowed by nature, badly located, and considered backward and poor by contemporaries. This book examines the initially surprising contribution made by the population of these and other ‘marginal areas’ (mountains, forests, and marshes) to the economic development of Europe since the Middle Ages. The author provides case studies of periods in which marginal areas took the lead in economic development, such as the Dutch economy in its Golden Age and the British industrial revolution. The traditional perception of the populations inhabiting these regions was that they were poor, backward, and intellectually inferior; but the author shows how they also had certain peculiar qualities which predisposed them to initiate progress. Healthy living, freedom, a martial spirit, and the hardiness to survive in harsh conditions enabled them to contribute a unique pioneering ability to pivotal economic periods, illustrating some of the effects of geography upon the development of societies.Less
The momentum of the British industrial revolution arose mostly in regions that were poorly endowed by nature, badly located, and considered backward and poor by contemporaries. This book examines the initially surprising contribution made by the population of these and other ‘marginal areas’ (mountains, forests, and marshes) to the economic development of Europe since the Middle Ages. The author provides case studies of periods in which marginal areas took the lead in economic development, such as the Dutch economy in its Golden Age and the British industrial revolution. The traditional perception of the populations inhabiting these regions was that they were poor, backward, and intellectually inferior; but the author shows how they also had certain peculiar qualities which predisposed them to initiate progress. Healthy living, freedom, a martial spirit, and the hardiness to survive in harsh conditions enabled them to contribute a unique pioneering ability to pivotal economic periods, illustrating some of the effects of geography upon the development of societies.
Janice Ross
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300207637
- eISBN:
- 9780300210644
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207637.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, Dance
This chapter recalls how ballet was used as a political instrument at the end of the Bolshevik Revolution. Yakobson became a critic and then a supporter of ballet despite Stalin's purges. The guiding ...
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This chapter recalls how ballet was used as a political instrument at the end of the Bolshevik Revolution. Yakobson became a critic and then a supporter of ballet despite Stalin's purges. The guiding motto for art at that time was that it should be natural in form and socialist in content. Yakobson learned from his experience performing his first major work “The Golden Age,” that working from a clearly written plot helped ease the anxieties regarding censorship. He became more confident in developing his art. He created dances that expressed human emotions and social exigencies. Also, as a choreographer, he learned about making and unmaking his art under Soviet rule. He used ballet to show nationality, identity, and ethnicity through his performances.Less
This chapter recalls how ballet was used as a political instrument at the end of the Bolshevik Revolution. Yakobson became a critic and then a supporter of ballet despite Stalin's purges. The guiding motto for art at that time was that it should be natural in form and socialist in content. Yakobson learned from his experience performing his first major work “The Golden Age,” that working from a clearly written plot helped ease the anxieties regarding censorship. He became more confident in developing his art. He created dances that expressed human emotions and social exigencies. Also, as a choreographer, he learned about making and unmaking his art under Soviet rule. He used ballet to show nationality, identity, and ethnicity through his performances.
Stephen Backhouse
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199604722
- eISBN:
- 9780191729324
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199604722.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society, Philosophy of Religion
The book draws out the critique of Christian nationalism that is implicit throughout the thought of Søren Kierkegaard, an analysis that is inseparable from his wider aim of reintroducing Christianity ...
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The book draws out the critique of Christian nationalism that is implicit throughout the thought of Søren Kierkegaard, an analysis that is inseparable from his wider aim of reintroducing Christianity into Christendom. ‘Christian nationalism’ refers to the set of ideas in which belief in the development and superiority of one's national group is combined with, or underwritten by, Christian theology and practice. The book examines the nationalist theologies of H. L. Martensen and N. F. S. Grundtvig, important cultural leaders and contemporaries of Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard's response to their thought forms the backbone of his own philosophical and theological project, namely his attempt to form authentic Christian individuals through the use of ‘the moment’, ‘the leap’ and ‘contemporaneity’. This Kierkegaardian critique is brought into conversation with current political science theories of religious nationalism, and is expanded to address movements and theologies beyond the historical context of Kierkegaard's Golden Age Denmark. The implications of Kierkegaard's approach are undoubtedly radical and unsettling to politicians and church leaders alike, yet there is much to commend it to the reality of modern religious and social life. As a theological thinker keenly aware of the unique problems posed by Christendom, Kierkegaard's critique is timely for any Christian culture that is tempted to confuse its faith with patriotism or national affiliation.Less
The book draws out the critique of Christian nationalism that is implicit throughout the thought of Søren Kierkegaard, an analysis that is inseparable from his wider aim of reintroducing Christianity into Christendom. ‘Christian nationalism’ refers to the set of ideas in which belief in the development and superiority of one's national group is combined with, or underwritten by, Christian theology and practice. The book examines the nationalist theologies of H. L. Martensen and N. F. S. Grundtvig, important cultural leaders and contemporaries of Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard's response to their thought forms the backbone of his own philosophical and theological project, namely his attempt to form authentic Christian individuals through the use of ‘the moment’, ‘the leap’ and ‘contemporaneity’. This Kierkegaardian critique is brought into conversation with current political science theories of religious nationalism, and is expanded to address movements and theologies beyond the historical context of Kierkegaard's Golden Age Denmark. The implications of Kierkegaard's approach are undoubtedly radical and unsettling to politicians and church leaders alike, yet there is much to commend it to the reality of modern religious and social life. As a theological thinker keenly aware of the unique problems posed by Christendom, Kierkegaard's critique is timely for any Christian culture that is tempted to confuse its faith with patriotism or national affiliation.
Andrew R. Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195321289
- eISBN:
- 9780199869855
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195321289.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter attends more closely to the competing ways of constructing and drawing on the past that each type of jeremiad employs. The chapter opens with a consideration of the U. S. Supreme Court's ...
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This chapter attends more closely to the competing ways of constructing and drawing on the past that each type of jeremiad employs. The chapter opens with a consideration of the U. S. Supreme Court's decision in Abington v. Schempp(1963), which outlawed public school prayer. It goes on to explore the uses of the past in traditionalist jeremiads, focusing on traditionalist appeals to nostalgia and an American Golden Age. The progressive jeremiad looks to the past as well, seeking to renarrate founding principles in language appropriate to changing times. Thus the progressive jeremiad is not concerned so much with the way “things really were” in the past, and even less in casting the future into the mold of the past. But the progressive jeremiad's past, containing such a powerful founding promise, is equally constructed, and equally mythic. Both types of jeremiads construct a past in accord with their fundamental political values and agenda, and in doing so call forth critical counternarratives from their political opponents.Less
This chapter attends more closely to the competing ways of constructing and drawing on the past that each type of jeremiad employs. The chapter opens with a consideration of the U. S. Supreme Court's decision in Abington v. Schempp(1963), which outlawed public school prayer. It goes on to explore the uses of the past in traditionalist jeremiads, focusing on traditionalist appeals to nostalgia and an American Golden Age. The progressive jeremiad looks to the past as well, seeking to renarrate founding principles in language appropriate to changing times. Thus the progressive jeremiad is not concerned so much with the way “things really were” in the past, and even less in casting the future into the mold of the past. But the progressive jeremiad's past, containing such a powerful founding promise, is equally constructed, and equally mythic. Both types of jeremiads construct a past in accord with their fundamental political values and agenda, and in doing so call forth critical counternarratives from their political opponents.
ANDREW GLYN
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199226795
- eISBN:
- 9780191710544
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226795.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
This chapter discusses challenges faced by the capital system. It begins with a description of the unprecedented boom of the economies of the most developed capitalist countries (North America, ...
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This chapter discusses challenges faced by the capital system. It begins with a description of the unprecedented boom of the economies of the most developed capitalist countries (North America, Western Europe, Japan, and Australasia) in the 1950s and 1960s, dubbed as the ‘Golden Age’, characterized by low unemployment, low inflation, and rapidly growing living standards. This was followed by the apparent decline of the capitalist system during the second half of the 1960s and through the 1970s, characterized by the emergence of organized labour, international disorganization, and productivity slowdown.Less
This chapter discusses challenges faced by the capital system. It begins with a description of the unprecedented boom of the economies of the most developed capitalist countries (North America, Western Europe, Japan, and Australasia) in the 1950s and 1960s, dubbed as the ‘Golden Age’, characterized by low unemployment, low inflation, and rapidly growing living standards. This was followed by the apparent decline of the capitalist system during the second half of the 1960s and through the 1970s, characterized by the emergence of organized labour, international disorganization, and productivity slowdown.
Liam Burke
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628462036
- eISBN:
- 9781626745193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628462036.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Comics Studies
The Golden Age of Comic Book Filmmaking saw filmmakers engaging with the language of comics with unprecedented enthusiasm, often by utilizing the control offered by digital technologies. Bullet-time, ...
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The Golden Age of Comic Book Filmmaking saw filmmakers engaging with the language of comics with unprecedented enthusiasm, often by utilizing the control offered by digital technologies. Bullet-time, which was innovated for The Matrix as a means to approximate the limitless discourse time of comics, probably proliferated most widely. However, there were many further efforts to adapt the language of comics to cinema. For instance, filmmakers often went beyond ready-made equivalents in their desire to create comic book-like panels and transitions, visualize sound, and bring previously specific codes to the screen. The enthusiasm for the comic language, coupled with the plasticity of the digital film image, even led to a measure of comic book graphiation seeping into cinema. Although many of these techniques did not enjoy the success of bullet-time, collectively they testify to a concerted effort to achieve a comic aesthetic, which has served to enrich the expressivity of mainstream cinema.Less
The Golden Age of Comic Book Filmmaking saw filmmakers engaging with the language of comics with unprecedented enthusiasm, often by utilizing the control offered by digital technologies. Bullet-time, which was innovated for The Matrix as a means to approximate the limitless discourse time of comics, probably proliferated most widely. However, there were many further efforts to adapt the language of comics to cinema. For instance, filmmakers often went beyond ready-made equivalents in their desire to create comic book-like panels and transitions, visualize sound, and bring previously specific codes to the screen. The enthusiasm for the comic language, coupled with the plasticity of the digital film image, even led to a measure of comic book graphiation seeping into cinema. Although many of these techniques did not enjoy the success of bullet-time, collectively they testify to a concerted effort to achieve a comic aesthetic, which has served to enrich the expressivity of mainstream cinema.
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235484
- eISBN:
- 9781846313967
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853235484.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama
This chapter examines Guillén de Castro's comedy La fuerza de la costumbre in order to define the kind of acting that is expected in the society usually portrayed in the comedia nueva. It suggests ...
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This chapter examines Guillén de Castro's comedy La fuerza de la costumbre in order to define the kind of acting that is expected in the society usually portrayed in the comedia nueva. It suggests that aside from its amusing plot developments, the play also illustrates not only some of the norms of the dramatic society but also the methods by which they are reproduced. The chapter also considers the relationship between the role played by an individual and that individual's notion of self, and how students of Golden Age drama have dealt with these issues of role and self.Less
This chapter examines Guillén de Castro's comedy La fuerza de la costumbre in order to define the kind of acting that is expected in the society usually portrayed in the comedia nueva. It suggests that aside from its amusing plot developments, the play also illustrates not only some of the norms of the dramatic society but also the methods by which they are reproduced. The chapter also considers the relationship between the role played by an individual and that individual's notion of self, and how students of Golden Age drama have dealt with these issues of role and self.
John L. Campbell and Ove K. Pedersen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150314
- eISBN:
- 9781400850365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150314.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter demonstrates that in every country, policy research organizations began to converge on similar dissemination practices, such as use of the Internet and new media, by which they channeled ...
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This chapter demonstrates that in every country, policy research organizations began to converge on similar dissemination practices, such as use of the Internet and new media, by which they channeled their analysis and recommendations to policymakers and others—practices that tended to resemble those of American advocacy organizations. Both trends were evident within and across knowledge regimes. However, convergence was extremely uneven and partial because there were significant obstacles to the wholesale diffusion of these practices across countries and organizations. As a result, although each knowledge regime underwent significant change, national differences persisted in how each one was organized and operated. In short, the chapter found patterns of only limited convergence that were at odds with what many organizational and economic sociologists and others would have expected, especially during times of great uncertainty like the end of the Golden Age and the rise of globalization.Less
This chapter demonstrates that in every country, policy research organizations began to converge on similar dissemination practices, such as use of the Internet and new media, by which they channeled their analysis and recommendations to policymakers and others—practices that tended to resemble those of American advocacy organizations. Both trends were evident within and across knowledge regimes. However, convergence was extremely uneven and partial because there were significant obstacles to the wholesale diffusion of these practices across countries and organizations. As a result, although each knowledge regime underwent significant change, national differences persisted in how each one was organized and operated. In short, the chapter found patterns of only limited convergence that were at odds with what many organizational and economic sociologists and others would have expected, especially during times of great uncertainty like the end of the Golden Age and the rise of globalization.
Kacey Link and Kristin Wendland
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199348220
- eISBN:
- 9780199348268
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199348220.003.0003
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter offers a historical trajectory of Argentine tango music and the genre’s stylistic development from its origins to today. The chapter frames the discussion of tango style into the ...
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This chapter offers a historical trajectory of Argentine tango music and the genre’s stylistic development from its origins to today. The chapter frames the discussion of tango style into the accepted categories among tango musicians and historians of the guardia vieja (old guard), the guardia nueva (new guard), Golden Age (1925–1955), post–Golden Age (1955–1990), and the “Music of Buenos Aires” (1990–present). Each section offers a broad historical context. Then, it places tango within this context and discusses the development of tango orchestras and ensembles. Finally, it provides a brief analysis of defining tango musical elements.Less
This chapter offers a historical trajectory of Argentine tango music and the genre’s stylistic development from its origins to today. The chapter frames the discussion of tango style into the accepted categories among tango musicians and historians of the guardia vieja (old guard), the guardia nueva (new guard), Golden Age (1925–1955), post–Golden Age (1955–1990), and the “Music of Buenos Aires” (1990–present). Each section offers a broad historical context. Then, it places tango within this context and discusses the development of tango orchestras and ensembles. Finally, it provides a brief analysis of defining tango musical elements.
Alison Sinclair
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198151906
- eISBN:
- 9780191672880
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198151906.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
A different, and complementary, view of the wronged husband is presented by the concept of the man of honour. To distinguish in general terms between the two, this chapter highlights the respective ...
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A different, and complementary, view of the wronged husband is presented by the concept of the man of honour. To distinguish in general terms between the two, this chapter highlights the respective attributes of the cuckold and the man of honour, taking as paradigms for this the characterisation of the cuckold as he has emerged from Geoffrey Chaucer and Giovanni Boccaccio, and the man of honour as he is generally conceived in the Spanish Golden Age drama. In the case of each type, there is a question of identity at stake. The husband who is a cuckold is automatically removed from centre-stage and placed firmly in an ancillary role. His identity has depended upon his status as a husband who could assert his patriarchal rights in marriage, and this identity disappears with his failure to do so.Less
A different, and complementary, view of the wronged husband is presented by the concept of the man of honour. To distinguish in general terms between the two, this chapter highlights the respective attributes of the cuckold and the man of honour, taking as paradigms for this the characterisation of the cuckold as he has emerged from Geoffrey Chaucer and Giovanni Boccaccio, and the man of honour as he is generally conceived in the Spanish Golden Age drama. In the case of each type, there is a question of identity at stake. The husband who is a cuckold is automatically removed from centre-stage and placed firmly in an ancillary role. His identity has depended upon his status as a husband who could assert his patriarchal rights in marriage, and this identity disappears with his failure to do so.
Norman Birnbaum
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195158595
- eISBN:
- 9780199849352
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158595.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Political History
Eric Hobsbawm has characterized the postwar years of economic growth, the consolidation of democracy in Western Europe (and its extension to southern Europe), and the institutionalization of the ...
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Eric Hobsbawm has characterized the postwar years of economic growth, the consolidation of democracy in Western Europe (and its extension to southern Europe), and the institutionalization of the welfare state as the Golden Age. The difficulty with this characterization is that ages always appear more golden when they recede. The economic sources of the end of the Golden Age were several. One was that the enormous needs of the Western societies for social infrastructure, industrial investment, and consumer goods were so satisfied in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, that, by the 1970s, replacement alone would not do. New wants could not be generated in the public fast enough to stimulate new growth, no matter what the advertising industry did or said.Less
Eric Hobsbawm has characterized the postwar years of economic growth, the consolidation of democracy in Western Europe (and its extension to southern Europe), and the institutionalization of the welfare state as the Golden Age. The difficulty with this characterization is that ages always appear more golden when they recede. The economic sources of the end of the Golden Age were several. One was that the enormous needs of the Western societies for social infrastructure, industrial investment, and consumer goods were so satisfied in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, that, by the 1970s, replacement alone would not do. New wants could not be generated in the public fast enough to stimulate new growth, no matter what the advertising industry did or said.
A. B. Atkinson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199532438
- eISBN:
- 9780191714559
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532438.003.0018
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, International
This chapter presents tables of data on Canada and an account of its increased earnings distribution. It highlights the difficulties in reaching conclusions about the changes in earnings dispersion ...
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This chapter presents tables of data on Canada and an account of its increased earnings distribution. It highlights the difficulties in reaching conclusions about the changes in earnings dispersion in Canada in recent decades. The pictures drawn here underscore the problems associated with the absence of a single, authoritative series covering the past twenty-five years. The graphs also underline the fact that the changes in recent decades — a fall in the bottom decile in the early 1980s, and a rise in the top decile in the later 1980s (and possibly after 2000) — are smaller in magnitude than the ‘dramatic’ reduction in dispersion from 1931 to 1951, and are not dissimilar to the widening that characterized the Golden Age of the 1950s and early 1960s.Less
This chapter presents tables of data on Canada and an account of its increased earnings distribution. It highlights the difficulties in reaching conclusions about the changes in earnings dispersion in Canada in recent decades. The pictures drawn here underscore the problems associated with the absence of a single, authoritative series covering the past twenty-five years. The graphs also underline the fact that the changes in recent decades — a fall in the bottom decile in the early 1980s, and a rise in the top decile in the later 1980s (and possibly after 2000) — are smaller in magnitude than the ‘dramatic’ reduction in dispersion from 1931 to 1951, and are not dissimilar to the widening that characterized the Golden Age of the 1950s and early 1960s.
A. B. Atkinson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199532438
- eISBN:
- 9780191714559
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532438.003.0028
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, International
This chapter presents tables of data on New Zealand and an account of its increased earnings distribution. It shows that although New Zealand is often presented as having experienced dramatic ...
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This chapter presents tables of data on New Zealand and an account of its increased earnings distribution. It shows that although New Zealand is often presented as having experienced dramatic distributional changes, the evidence on the distribution of earnings is limited in its coverage of the post-war period. Estimates exist for the period 1984 to 1997, during which the bottom decile fell and the top decile rose significantly. Going back to the 1970s and earlier, there is some indication that the Golden Age in New Zealand benefited the top decile relative to the median.Less
This chapter presents tables of data on New Zealand and an account of its increased earnings distribution. It shows that although New Zealand is often presented as having experienced dramatic distributional changes, the evidence on the distribution of earnings is limited in its coverage of the post-war period. Estimates exist for the period 1984 to 1997, during which the bottom decile fell and the top decile rose significantly. Going back to the 1970s and earlier, there is some indication that the Golden Age in New Zealand benefited the top decile relative to the median.
Edith Hall
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780195392890
- eISBN:
- 9780199979257
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195392890.003.0013
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Thoas and the Taurians have been central to the 20th- and 21st-century reception of Iphigenia in Tauris, especially in anti-imperial and postcolonial writers such as the Mexican writer Alfonso Reyes. ...
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Thoas and the Taurians have been central to the 20th- and 21st-century reception of Iphigenia in Tauris, especially in anti-imperial and postcolonial writers such as the Mexican writer Alfonso Reyes. In Yannis Ritsos' ‘The Return of Iphigenia’, written in 1971-1972 under the Greek dictatorship, Iphigenia comes home to the Peloponnese, but cannot escape her memories of persecution. Ritsos' Taurians have here metamorphosed into the ‘internal barbarians’ of the Greek state regime. The play has struck chords in Australia, in relation to the colonial persecution of the Aboriginal population, in Louis Nowra's contemporary classic The Golden Age (1985). Wlodzimierz Staniewski's Polish production, a work-in-progress which opened in 2010, uses ethnographic traditions and ritual to read the play creatively against a history of the invasion of lands and peoples subjected to Russian and German invasion and persecution, in Poland, Georgia, and Thoas' homeland in the Ukraine.Less
Thoas and the Taurians have been central to the 20th- and 21st-century reception of Iphigenia in Tauris, especially in anti-imperial and postcolonial writers such as the Mexican writer Alfonso Reyes. In Yannis Ritsos' ‘The Return of Iphigenia’, written in 1971-1972 under the Greek dictatorship, Iphigenia comes home to the Peloponnese, but cannot escape her memories of persecution. Ritsos' Taurians have here metamorphosed into the ‘internal barbarians’ of the Greek state regime. The play has struck chords in Australia, in relation to the colonial persecution of the Aboriginal population, in Louis Nowra's contemporary classic The Golden Age (1985). Wlodzimierz Staniewski's Polish production, a work-in-progress which opened in 2010, uses ethnographic traditions and ritual to read the play creatively against a history of the invasion of lands and peoples subjected to Russian and German invasion and persecution, in Poland, Georgia, and Thoas' homeland in the Ukraine.
Jonathan Morton
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- March 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198816669
- eISBN:
- 9780191858314
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198816669.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
The Rose uses pagan myths of a prehistoric Golden Age as a necessarily artificial way of approaching the unthinkable period, a state of pure nature, that pre-existed humans’ entry into culture. The ...
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The Rose uses pagan myths of a prehistoric Golden Age as a necessarily artificial way of approaching the unthinkable period, a state of pure nature, that pre-existed humans’ entry into culture. The incompatibility of the different poetic versions of primitive myth, taken especially from Ovid and Virgil, suggests their own status as imperfect, artificial epistemological prostheses. The end of the Golden Age is used to understand the emergence of the ego out of a state of communality understood as purely natural, drawing both on natural law and the Christian doctrine of the Fall. Genius’s speech, which plays off different myths of the Golden Age against each other, makes it impossible to overlook the compromised artificiality which necessarily renders all of the Rose’s accounts of the Golden Age fundamentally contingent.Less
The Rose uses pagan myths of a prehistoric Golden Age as a necessarily artificial way of approaching the unthinkable period, a state of pure nature, that pre-existed humans’ entry into culture. The incompatibility of the different poetic versions of primitive myth, taken especially from Ovid and Virgil, suggests their own status as imperfect, artificial epistemological prostheses. The end of the Golden Age is used to understand the emergence of the ego out of a state of communality understood as purely natural, drawing both on natural law and the Christian doctrine of the Fall. Genius’s speech, which plays off different myths of the Golden Age against each other, makes it impossible to overlook the compromised artificiality which necessarily renders all of the Rose’s accounts of the Golden Age fundamentally contingent.
