Esra Özyürek
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691162782
- eISBN:
- 9781400852710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691162782.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter takes a look at the Muslimische Jugend Deutschland (Muslim Youth of Germany, or MJD), a small organization of not more than 1200 registered members. The MJD promotes Muslim youths of ...
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This chapter takes a look at the Muslimische Jugend Deutschland (Muslim Youth of Germany, or MJD), a small organization of not more than 1200 registered members. The MJD promotes Muslim youths of diverse backgrounds coming together to discover ways of becoming active and desirable members of German society. Young members of the MJD participate in discussions about how to represent Muslims and immigrants in the general elections; arrange trips to Auschwitz in order to shoulder the weight of German history and talk about its meaning for contemporary German society; and organize New Year's evening celebrations along with hip-hop concerts that are Islamically proper. Many born Muslim members confirm that through their participation in the MJD, they start to embrace their German identity in a wholehearted way and define themselves primarily as German rather than Turkish or Arab.Less
This chapter takes a look at the Muslimische Jugend Deutschland (Muslim Youth of Germany, or MJD), a small organization of not more than 1200 registered members. The MJD promotes Muslim youths of diverse backgrounds coming together to discover ways of becoming active and desirable members of German society. Young members of the MJD participate in discussions about how to represent Muslims and immigrants in the general elections; arrange trips to Auschwitz in order to shoulder the weight of German history and talk about its meaning for contemporary German society; and organize New Year's evening celebrations along with hip-hop concerts that are Islamically proper. Many born Muslim members confirm that through their participation in the MJD, they start to embrace their German identity in a wholehearted way and define themselves primarily as German rather than Turkish or Arab.
Anthony Kauders
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206316
- eISBN:
- 9780191677076
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206316.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book is a scholarly reassessment of the ‘Jewish Question’ in Germany (1910–1933). It challenges the view that, following Hitler's rise to power, anti-Semitism radically increased among the ...
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This book is a scholarly reassessment of the ‘Jewish Question’ in Germany (1910–1933). It challenges the view that, following Hitler's rise to power, anti-Semitism radically increased among the majority of Germans. It argues that the Weimar Republic was also very influential in changing people's attitudes towards the Jews and their place in German society. Through a study of Düsseldorf and Nuremberg, two German cities of comparable size but disparate regional, religious, and economic characteristics, it explores the attitudes of journalists, politicians, clerics, and ordinary people. Using local and national archival material, the book is able to show that, whereas before the First World War most Germans would distance themselves from racial anti-Semitism, after 1918 many Germans agreed with völkisch agitators that Jews were, in a variety of ways, alien to the national community.Less
This book is a scholarly reassessment of the ‘Jewish Question’ in Germany (1910–1933). It challenges the view that, following Hitler's rise to power, anti-Semitism radically increased among the majority of Germans. It argues that the Weimar Republic was also very influential in changing people's attitudes towards the Jews and their place in German society. Through a study of Düsseldorf and Nuremberg, two German cities of comparable size but disparate regional, religious, and economic characteristics, it explores the attitudes of journalists, politicians, clerics, and ordinary people. Using local and national archival material, the book is able to show that, whereas before the First World War most Germans would distance themselves from racial anti-Semitism, after 1918 many Germans agreed with völkisch agitators that Jews were, in a variety of ways, alien to the national community.
Esra Özyürek
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691162782
- eISBN:
- 9781400852710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691162782.003.0007
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter offers some concluding thoughts on how German converts to Islam apply different and at times conflicting strategies in order to demonstrate how Islam is a perfect—and indeed better—fit ...
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This chapter offers some concluding thoughts on how German converts to Islam apply different and at times conflicting strategies in order to demonstrate how Islam is a perfect—and indeed better—fit for German/European society. It also briefly discusses the significance of Salafi communities in this context. In addition, the chapter tells the story of a moral panic over converts to Islam that swept Germany in the 2000s, which suddenly moved German converts from their previously invisible position to center stage in the media. This account highlights the most novel aspects of Islamophobia, with the reason for the panic being the fear of a potential terrorist attack.Less
This chapter offers some concluding thoughts on how German converts to Islam apply different and at times conflicting strategies in order to demonstrate how Islam is a perfect—and indeed better—fit for German/European society. It also briefly discusses the significance of Salafi communities in this context. In addition, the chapter tells the story of a moral panic over converts to Islam that swept Germany in the 2000s, which suddenly moved German converts from their previously invisible position to center stage in the media. This account highlights the most novel aspects of Islamophobia, with the reason for the panic being the fear of a potential terrorist attack.
Joachim Whaley
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199693078
- eISBN:
- 9780191732256
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693078.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Joseph I and Charles VI had to deal with the turbulence arising from the War of Spanish Succession and faced significant challenges in Italy, the Low Countries and Spain. Confessional tensions ...
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Joseph I and Charles VI had to deal with the turbulence arising from the War of Spanish Succession and faced significant challenges in Italy, the Low Countries and Spain. Confessional tensions increased over differing interpretations of the terms of the Peace of Westphalia and of the Treaty of Rijswijk (1697). Joseph I died after barely five years on the throne but Charles VI successfully exercised the imperial prerogatives established by Leopold I. He lacked an heir, however, and this gradually undermined his authority in the 1730s. Many have argued that these events reflected the decay and imminent collapse of the Reich, but in fact writing about the Reich in the print media, the production of JJ Moser's classic study of the Reichs constitution and an upsurge in patriotism (Gottsched and the ‘German Societies’) suggests that, while the dynasty faltered in 1740, the Reich itself was in good repair.Less
Joseph I and Charles VI had to deal with the turbulence arising from the War of Spanish Succession and faced significant challenges in Italy, the Low Countries and Spain. Confessional tensions increased over differing interpretations of the terms of the Peace of Westphalia and of the Treaty of Rijswijk (1697). Joseph I died after barely five years on the throne but Charles VI successfully exercised the imperial prerogatives established by Leopold I. He lacked an heir, however, and this gradually undermined his authority in the 1730s. Many have argued that these events reflected the decay and imminent collapse of the Reich, but in fact writing about the Reich in the print media, the production of JJ Moser's classic study of the Reichs constitution and an upsurge in patriotism (Gottsched and the ‘German Societies’) suggests that, while the dynasty faltered in 1740, the Reich itself was in good repair.
Roman Szporluk
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195051032
- eISBN:
- 9780199854417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195051032.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
According to Engels, Marx was a “Marxist” when he wrote the “Hegel Critique”. Marx diagnosed the anatomy, morphology, and the dynamics of German society and drew specific guidelines to be used there. ...
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According to Engels, Marx was a “Marxist” when he wrote the “Hegel Critique”. Marx diagnosed the anatomy, morphology, and the dynamics of German society and drew specific guidelines to be used there. He was able to formulate a program that would launch a new stage in the history of humanity. As per Evans, Marx wrote his critique of List in March 1845. It was only at that time that Marx began to study the problems of the political economy. The “Hegel Critique” is the first work of Marx that did not mention the Friedrich List. It was where Marx spoke of the proletarian class for the first time. He was concerned with the backwardness of Germany. He dealt with anachronism. He linked the German Revolution to the French Revolution. He was after the abolition of the state. The “Hegel Critique” was the closest amongst all his works to advancing the idea of national communism.Less
According to Engels, Marx was a “Marxist” when he wrote the “Hegel Critique”. Marx diagnosed the anatomy, morphology, and the dynamics of German society and drew specific guidelines to be used there. He was able to formulate a program that would launch a new stage in the history of humanity. As per Evans, Marx wrote his critique of List in March 1845. It was only at that time that Marx began to study the problems of the political economy. The “Hegel Critique” is the first work of Marx that did not mention the Friedrich List. It was where Marx spoke of the proletarian class for the first time. He was concerned with the backwardness of Germany. He dealt with anachronism. He linked the German Revolution to the French Revolution. He was after the abolition of the state. The “Hegel Critique” was the closest amongst all his works to advancing the idea of national communism.
David Midgley
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198151791
- eISBN:
- 9780191672835
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198151791.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to examine how the changing nature of German society is critically reflected in the literature of the Weimar period, and how ...
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This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to examine how the changing nature of German society is critically reflected in the literature of the Weimar period, and how changing perceptions of the function of literature are reflected in literary texts. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.Less
This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to examine how the changing nature of German society is critically reflected in the literature of the Weimar period, and how changing perceptions of the function of literature are reflected in literary texts. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
Willem J.M. Levelt
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199653669
- eISBN:
- 9780191742040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199653669.003.0014
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter shows how events during Adolf Hitler's regime interrupted the study of the psychology of language. It focuses on the contributors to the psychology of language and the neurologists who ...
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This chapter shows how events during Adolf Hitler's regime interrupted the study of the psychology of language. It focuses on the contributors to the psychology of language and the neurologists who had previously contributed to the field of aphasiology. The first section discusses the psycholinguistic issues of language, race, and the world view, while the second and third sections study the 1931 Hamburg Congress of the German Psychological Society and the 1933 Leipzig Congress of the German Psychological Society. It then examines the effects of the ‘restauration’ of the German universities and some key individuals who contributed to the psychology of language. It also explores some developments on German psychology that emerged from 1933 to 1938. This chapter ends with a discussion of the fates of some notable contributors to linguistics.Less
This chapter shows how events during Adolf Hitler's regime interrupted the study of the psychology of language. It focuses on the contributors to the psychology of language and the neurologists who had previously contributed to the field of aphasiology. The first section discusses the psycholinguistic issues of language, race, and the world view, while the second and third sections study the 1931 Hamburg Congress of the German Psychological Society and the 1933 Leipzig Congress of the German Psychological Society. It then examines the effects of the ‘restauration’ of the German universities and some key individuals who contributed to the psychology of language. It also explores some developments on German psychology that emerged from 1933 to 1938. This chapter ends with a discussion of the fates of some notable contributors to linguistics.
Anna von der Goltz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199570324
- eISBN:
- 9780191722240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570324.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines the fate of the Hindenburg myth during the period of relative stabilization of German politics and society. The author shows that Hindenburg's first term witnessed profound ...
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This chapter examines the fate of the Hindenburg myth during the period of relative stabilization of German politics and society. The author shows that Hindenburg's first term witnessed profound changes in attitude among his followers and former opponents. Although he had largely owed his presidential victory to the political right, radical right-wingers such as Heinrich Claβ and Joseph Goebbels started to turn their back on the President for his failure to overturn the republican order. Republicans, on the other hand, began to sing his praises for his constitutional stance and backing of crucial foreign policy initiatives. However, there was a considerable, if momentary, overlap of republican and anti-republican Hindenburg-worship, most evident during the near-regal festivities of his eightieth birthday in 1927. The chapter charts the mythical narrative as a multi-layered phenomenon appealing to different groups simultaneously, which helps to understand Hindenburg's remarkably broad and enduring appeal.Less
This chapter examines the fate of the Hindenburg myth during the period of relative stabilization of German politics and society. The author shows that Hindenburg's first term witnessed profound changes in attitude among his followers and former opponents. Although he had largely owed his presidential victory to the political right, radical right-wingers such as Heinrich Claβ and Joseph Goebbels started to turn their back on the President for his failure to overturn the republican order. Republicans, on the other hand, began to sing his praises for his constitutional stance and backing of crucial foreign policy initiatives. However, there was a considerable, if momentary, overlap of republican and anti-republican Hindenburg-worship, most evident during the near-regal festivities of his eightieth birthday in 1927. The chapter charts the mythical narrative as a multi-layered phenomenon appealing to different groups simultaneously, which helps to understand Hindenburg's remarkably broad and enduring appeal.
Robert Gellately
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198228691
- eISBN:
- 9780191678806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198228691.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The Gestapo or the Secret State Police emerged from a set of complex set of interacting social forces, personalities, and traditions. In early 1933, from one state to another, the tightening of the ...
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The Gestapo or the Secret State Police emerged from a set of complex set of interacting social forces, personalities, and traditions. In early 1933, from one state to another, the tightening of the organization of the police was taking form. This was due to the claims of the dire necessity to assure the existence and safety of the state from battles and threats directed against it. Driven by these aims, the Gestapo vigorously exercised their power and invaded the lives of the citizens. Their powers were unchecked wherein the legal and civil rights were disregarded. They became the foremost enforcer of policy and at times they acted as lawgiver, jury, and executioner. This chapter discusses the emergence of the Gestapo within the German society during the 1930s. In this chapter, the patterns of continuities and discontinuities from the earlier periods are discussed. The limits and possibilities of the new police powers and the expanding spheres of activities are also discussed. The chapter concludes with the nationalization of the political police.Less
The Gestapo or the Secret State Police emerged from a set of complex set of interacting social forces, personalities, and traditions. In early 1933, from one state to another, the tightening of the organization of the police was taking form. This was due to the claims of the dire necessity to assure the existence and safety of the state from battles and threats directed against it. Driven by these aims, the Gestapo vigorously exercised their power and invaded the lives of the citizens. Their powers were unchecked wherein the legal and civil rights were disregarded. They became the foremost enforcer of policy and at times they acted as lawgiver, jury, and executioner. This chapter discusses the emergence of the Gestapo within the German society during the 1930s. In this chapter, the patterns of continuities and discontinuities from the earlier periods are discussed. The limits and possibilities of the new police powers and the expanding spheres of activities are also discussed. The chapter concludes with the nationalization of the political police.
Katrin Schreiter
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190877279
- eISBN:
- 9780190877309
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190877279.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Social History
This chapter focuses on the role of functionalism on living space in East and West Germany. Implementation of modernization in everyday life happened gradually in the postwar German countries and ...
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This chapter focuses on the role of functionalism on living space in East and West Germany. Implementation of modernization in everyday life happened gradually in the postwar German countries and there were a host of reasons for this. Thee analysis in this chapter suggests that functionalist discourse diffused German society, yet not with the consistency that the disciples of modernism would have liked. It was a conservative modernity that showed widespread awareness of the right materials, the wrong embellishments, and the need for the emotional comfort of traditions and social relations. The population accepted the practicality of functionalism's clear lines and rectangular shapes for small apartments. However, it did not accept the emotional emptiness of the functionalist extreme.Less
This chapter focuses on the role of functionalism on living space in East and West Germany. Implementation of modernization in everyday life happened gradually in the postwar German countries and there were a host of reasons for this. Thee analysis in this chapter suggests that functionalist discourse diffused German society, yet not with the consistency that the disciples of modernism would have liked. It was a conservative modernity that showed widespread awareness of the right materials, the wrong embellishments, and the need for the emotional comfort of traditions and social relations. The population accepted the practicality of functionalism's clear lines and rectangular shapes for small apartments. However, it did not accept the emotional emptiness of the functionalist extreme.
Sean Andrew Wempe
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190907211
- eISBN:
- 9780190907242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190907211.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Chapter 4 examines fragmentation within the colonial lobbies in Germany and their efforts to unify the language of imperial internationalism by the Colonial German bloc in the interwar period during ...
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Chapter 4 examines fragmentation within the colonial lobbies in Germany and their efforts to unify the language of imperial internationalism by the Colonial German bloc in the interwar period during the lead-up to the Locarno Conferences of 1925. What follows is an analysis of the adaptation and reimagining of the three largest and most vocal of the German colonial societies in the Weimar period: the German Colonial Society, the Women’s League, and the Kolonial Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft (Imperial Working Group on the Colonies, KoRAG). Each of these organizations made an effort at retooling itself to serve the needs of Colonial Germans in the Weimar era. Yet despite all their efforts, the DKG and other colonialist organizations in Germany never managed to unite the German colonial bloc. Former officials, missionaries, and German settlers in and from Africa opportunistically adapted their understandings of nationality in pursuit of their own self-interests. The most difficult challenges that the German colonial lobbies faced in the wake of the loss of the empire did not come from the German government or even from the League and the new mandatory powers, but rather from the cacophony of demands placed upon them by a diverse constituency.Less
Chapter 4 examines fragmentation within the colonial lobbies in Germany and their efforts to unify the language of imperial internationalism by the Colonial German bloc in the interwar period during the lead-up to the Locarno Conferences of 1925. What follows is an analysis of the adaptation and reimagining of the three largest and most vocal of the German colonial societies in the Weimar period: the German Colonial Society, the Women’s League, and the Kolonial Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft (Imperial Working Group on the Colonies, KoRAG). Each of these organizations made an effort at retooling itself to serve the needs of Colonial Germans in the Weimar era. Yet despite all their efforts, the DKG and other colonialist organizations in Germany never managed to unite the German colonial bloc. Former officials, missionaries, and German settlers in and from Africa opportunistically adapted their understandings of nationality in pursuit of their own self-interests. The most difficult challenges that the German colonial lobbies faced in the wake of the loss of the empire did not come from the German government or even from the League and the new mandatory powers, but rather from the cacophony of demands placed upon them by a diverse constituency.
Andreas Killen
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520243620
- eISBN:
- 9780520931633
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520243620.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This introductory chapter first sets out the purpose of the book, which is to study the dialogue between the German state and its citizens about the “hidden costs” of the modernization process, a ...
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This introductory chapter first sets out the purpose of the book, which is to study the dialogue between the German state and its citizens about the “hidden costs” of the modernization process, a dialogue conducted in the specialized new idiom of “nerves.” Charting the emergence and decline in German society of a new conception of the nervous self between 1870 and 1930, it sets these developments against the backdrop of the rapidly modernizing German capital, which during this period became arguably the most advanced metropolis in Europe. The discussion then turns to how late nineteenth-century Germans came to analyze themselves and the shocks and afflictions of industrial society in terms of this idiom of “nerves”, and the history of nervousness. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.Less
This introductory chapter first sets out the purpose of the book, which is to study the dialogue between the German state and its citizens about the “hidden costs” of the modernization process, a dialogue conducted in the specialized new idiom of “nerves.” Charting the emergence and decline in German society of a new conception of the nervous self between 1870 and 1930, it sets these developments against the backdrop of the rapidly modernizing German capital, which during this period became arguably the most advanced metropolis in Europe. The discussion then turns to how late nineteenth-century Germans came to analyze themselves and the shocks and afflictions of industrial society in terms of this idiom of “nerves”, and the history of nervousness. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
Natalie Naimark-Goldberg
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781904113539
- eISBN:
- 9781800340473
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781904113539.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter focuses on the gatherings that took place in private homes, which provide a setting for social interaction and cultural exchange among enlightened Jewish women, with other members of the ...
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This chapter focuses on the gatherings that took place in private homes, which provide a setting for social interaction and cultural exchange among enlightened Jewish women, with other members of the Jewish community, and, significantly, with non-Jews. Receiving guests and visiting others' homes was an activity of threefold significance in the life of enlightened Jewish women. It was important to them as members of the cultured strata of German society, in that it offered them the opportunity to engage in cultivated conversation, and by extension to inform themselves and develop their intellectual powers. It had a particular significance for them as Jews, in bringing them into contact not only with members of their own religious community but also with non-Jews, thus strengthening their connections to the German and European world. And it had a further implication for them as women, in offering them an accessible forum for discussion at a time when communication was valued as an important means to foster enlightenment and human progress but women were excluded from many of the formal structures created to facilitate it. This less institutionalized form of sociability thus joined the practices of visiting the spas and exchanging letters as a viable option for female participation in cultural and conversational activity.Less
This chapter focuses on the gatherings that took place in private homes, which provide a setting for social interaction and cultural exchange among enlightened Jewish women, with other members of the Jewish community, and, significantly, with non-Jews. Receiving guests and visiting others' homes was an activity of threefold significance in the life of enlightened Jewish women. It was important to them as members of the cultured strata of German society, in that it offered them the opportunity to engage in cultivated conversation, and by extension to inform themselves and develop their intellectual powers. It had a particular significance for them as Jews, in bringing them into contact not only with members of their own religious community but also with non-Jews, thus strengthening their connections to the German and European world. And it had a further implication for them as women, in offering them an accessible forum for discussion at a time when communication was valued as an important means to foster enlightenment and human progress but women were excluded from many of the formal structures created to facilitate it. This less institutionalized form of sociability thus joined the practices of visiting the spas and exchanging letters as a viable option for female participation in cultural and conversational activity.
Lawrence A. Zeidman
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- June 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198728634
- eISBN:
- 9780191882951
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198728634.003.0013
- Subject:
- Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology, Social Psychology
The first postwar period (1945–50) consisted, importantly, of the Nuremberg Medical Trial and formation of the Nuremberg Code for medical ethics. During the initial period most collaborator ...
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The first postwar period (1945–50) consisted, importantly, of the Nuremberg Medical Trial and formation of the Nuremberg Code for medical ethics. During the initial period most collaborator neuroscientists, even those involved in patient selection for euthanasia, escaped largely unscathed. The latter faced temporary career setbacks but re-emerged in the next decade professionally. The second period (1950–70) included a seminal event, the Hallervorden Affair, which pertained to the 1953 International Neuropathology Conference in Lisbon. Former Dutch neuroscientist resistor Rademaker and the Dutch delegation withdrew when they found out Hallervorden was presenting, leading to Hallervorden and Spatz’s withdrawal but only after fiery correspondence on both sides of the argument. Some collaborator neuroscientists continued to support sterilization, and even spoke against victims’ rights. Overall, only three of 25 (12%) of collaborators ever publicly repented for their involvement in Nazi programs, suggesting against an ability to rehabilitate for this directly involved group.Less
The first postwar period (1945–50) consisted, importantly, of the Nuremberg Medical Trial and formation of the Nuremberg Code for medical ethics. During the initial period most collaborator neuroscientists, even those involved in patient selection for euthanasia, escaped largely unscathed. The latter faced temporary career setbacks but re-emerged in the next decade professionally. The second period (1950–70) included a seminal event, the Hallervorden Affair, which pertained to the 1953 International Neuropathology Conference in Lisbon. Former Dutch neuroscientist resistor Rademaker and the Dutch delegation withdrew when they found out Hallervorden was presenting, leading to Hallervorden and Spatz’s withdrawal but only after fiery correspondence on both sides of the argument. Some collaborator neuroscientists continued to support sterilization, and even spoke against victims’ rights. Overall, only three of 25 (12%) of collaborators ever publicly repented for their involvement in Nazi programs, suggesting against an ability to rehabilitate for this directly involved group.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226610894
- eISBN:
- 9780226610924
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226610924.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This book addresses the relationship of the emergence of modern society to the construction of a modern vision of nature. It argues that the biological perspective embodied both the challenges and ...
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This book addresses the relationship of the emergence of modern society to the construction of a modern vision of nature. It argues that the biological perspective embodied both the challenges and the opportunities presented by modern German society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It demonstrates that this biological perspective provided the conceptual foundation for the German version of animal ecology that developed in the early twentieth century. Moreover, it tries to illuminate the history of popular natural history in Germany by situating it in relation to the elite ideas understood to constitute “science” and the relations among the communities that produced both popular and elite knowledge of nature. The importance of Charles Darwin, Alexander von Humboldt, and Rudolf Leuckart is then discussed. An overview of the chapters included in this book is finally given.Less
This book addresses the relationship of the emergence of modern society to the construction of a modern vision of nature. It argues that the biological perspective embodied both the challenges and the opportunities presented by modern German society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It demonstrates that this biological perspective provided the conceptual foundation for the German version of animal ecology that developed in the early twentieth century. Moreover, it tries to illuminate the history of popular natural history in Germany by situating it in relation to the elite ideas understood to constitute “science” and the relations among the communities that produced both popular and elite knowledge of nature. The importance of Charles Darwin, Alexander von Humboldt, and Rudolf Leuckart is then discussed. An overview of the chapters included in this book is finally given.
Natalie Naimark-Goldberg
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781904113539
- eISBN:
- 9781800340473
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781904113539.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter describes the relationship of the enlightened Jewish women to Judaism and to religion in general, including their attitude to conversion to Christianity. One of the most significant ...
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This chapter describes the relationship of the enlightened Jewish women to Judaism and to religion in general, including their attitude to conversion to Christianity. One of the most significant features of the act of conversion in the case of these Jewish women is the fact that, for them, it came in most cases at a relatively advanced age, despite the fact that their close involvement with German society and culture had started years before, in their teens or early twenties. All these women, then, spent many years distancing themselves in practice from the traditional Jewish way of life, blurring the borders that separated the Jewish and Christian worlds. During those years, they usually lived as non-observant Jews, who gradually abandoned Jewish practices but nevertheless remained affiliated to the Jewish people. As such, despite the indisputable importance of religious conversion, in most cases, the act itself did not mark a decisive point of departure in either the social life or the world-view of these women. The act of conversion constituted not a sudden leap from one world to another so much as one more step in a continuing process of acculturation in German society and alienation from the Jewish world.Less
This chapter describes the relationship of the enlightened Jewish women to Judaism and to religion in general, including their attitude to conversion to Christianity. One of the most significant features of the act of conversion in the case of these Jewish women is the fact that, for them, it came in most cases at a relatively advanced age, despite the fact that their close involvement with German society and culture had started years before, in their teens or early twenties. All these women, then, spent many years distancing themselves in practice from the traditional Jewish way of life, blurring the borders that separated the Jewish and Christian worlds. During those years, they usually lived as non-observant Jews, who gradually abandoned Jewish practices but nevertheless remained affiliated to the Jewish people. As such, despite the indisputable importance of religious conversion, in most cases, the act itself did not mark a decisive point of departure in either the social life or the world-view of these women. The act of conversion constituted not a sudden leap from one world to another so much as one more step in a continuing process of acculturation in German society and alienation from the Jewish world.
Beth A. Griech-Polelle
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300092233
- eISBN:
- 9780300131970
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300092233.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter is concerned with the Kulturkampf, which is argued to have had a successful effect on the internalization of fears that Catholics would once more be considered as outsiders. It looks at ...
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This chapter is concerned with the Kulturkampf, which is argued to have had a successful effect on the internalization of fears that Catholics would once more be considered as outsiders. It looks at the legacy of the Kulturkampf, in terms of the fact that von Galen used the language of an arriving Kulturkampf to keep the Catholic community together. It looks at the different divisions of German society that influenced how Protestants and Catholics viewed their national identity, as well as the works of Catholic writers such as Alban Stolz who showed Catholics as outsiders. The next section demonstrates the Catholic and Jews' ways of being accepted by the German nation, including setting aside their own traditions. This chapter also looks at the Concordat, which served as a medium for protest rather than a plan for resistance, and the wide-scale persecution of Jews thanks to a racial definition of Jewishness.Less
This chapter is concerned with the Kulturkampf, which is argued to have had a successful effect on the internalization of fears that Catholics would once more be considered as outsiders. It looks at the legacy of the Kulturkampf, in terms of the fact that von Galen used the language of an arriving Kulturkampf to keep the Catholic community together. It looks at the different divisions of German society that influenced how Protestants and Catholics viewed their national identity, as well as the works of Catholic writers such as Alban Stolz who showed Catholics as outsiders. The next section demonstrates the Catholic and Jews' ways of being accepted by the German nation, including setting aside their own traditions. This chapter also looks at the Concordat, which served as a medium for protest rather than a plan for resistance, and the wide-scale persecution of Jews thanks to a racial definition of Jewishness.
J. Leonard Levy
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781906764401
- eISBN:
- 9781800340848
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781906764401.003.0019
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter investigates a sermon by J. Leonard Levy, delivered immediately after American entry into World War I. Despite his German sympathies, he supported Wilson's call for American neutrality ...
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This chapter investigates a sermon by J. Leonard Levy, delivered immediately after American entry into World War I. Despite his German sympathies, he supported Wilson's call for American neutrality as one that ‘reveals his wisdom and splendid statesmanship’. Yet his sermon contains a resounding paean to the achievements of German science, culture, and society. However, when the United States declared war against the Central Powers, Levy followed the pattern of anti-militarists (and even many pacifists) among the clergy in expressing his apparently unreserved support for the policy of the Wilson administration, in a long, somewhat sprawling, Sunday discourse delivered the following weekend. Here, he presents two themes of the biblical text in counterpoint: ‘The time for peace will come… The time for war is here’.Less
This chapter investigates a sermon by J. Leonard Levy, delivered immediately after American entry into World War I. Despite his German sympathies, he supported Wilson's call for American neutrality as one that ‘reveals his wisdom and splendid statesmanship’. Yet his sermon contains a resounding paean to the achievements of German science, culture, and society. However, when the United States declared war against the Central Powers, Levy followed the pattern of anti-militarists (and even many pacifists) among the clergy in expressing his apparently unreserved support for the policy of the Wilson administration, in a long, somewhat sprawling, Sunday discourse delivered the following weekend. Here, he presents two themes of the biblical text in counterpoint: ‘The time for peace will come… The time for war is here’.
Michael D Birnhack
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199661138
- eISBN:
- 9780191746147
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199661138.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
The law was activated in the 1930s. New technologies enabled public performance of music, the development of local culture(s), and emergence of a cafe/entertainment culture, placed copyright in the ...
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The law was activated in the 1930s. New technologies enabled public performance of music, the development of local culture(s), and emergence of a cafe/entertainment culture, placed copyright in the spotlight. The first plaintiffs were foreign: the European performing rights societies, first the German society (GEMA) and then the English Performing Rights Society (PRS), operating through a local agent, Meir Kovalsky and his lawyer, Shimon Agranat. This fits a general pattern of colonial copyright, that foreign players are the first to use the colonial law. The discussion traces the first steps of copyright law in courts, the issues addressed, the challenges, litigation strategies, and the judicial response. The process is conceptualized in the framework of glocalization. The foreign players also inspired local entrepreneurs to establish a local, Hebrew performing rights society, ACUM, in the mid 1930sLess
The law was activated in the 1930s. New technologies enabled public performance of music, the development of local culture(s), and emergence of a cafe/entertainment culture, placed copyright in the spotlight. The first plaintiffs were foreign: the European performing rights societies, first the German society (GEMA) and then the English Performing Rights Society (PRS), operating through a local agent, Meir Kovalsky and his lawyer, Shimon Agranat. This fits a general pattern of colonial copyright, that foreign players are the first to use the colonial law. The discussion traces the first steps of copyright law in courts, the issues addressed, the challenges, litigation strategies, and the judicial response. The process is conceptualized in the framework of glocalization. The foreign players also inspired local entrepreneurs to establish a local, Hebrew performing rights society, ACUM, in the mid 1930s
Jason D. Hansen
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198714392
- eISBN:
- 9780191782800
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198714392.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Networks are the focus of the fourth chapter, with a particular eye to the circuitry that connected the creators of these images of the national community with the public sphere. This circulation, ...
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Networks are the focus of the fourth chapter, with a particular eye to the circuitry that connected the creators of these images of the national community with the public sphere. This circulation, this chapter argues, played a critical role in legitimizing and authenticating maps and statistics of nationality as “scientific” and “accurate” documents. Once again technology also plays a role in the story, as the increasingly lower cost of printing enabled the foundation of geographic journals such as Petermanns Mitteilungen and Globus, who brought “serious” maps of nationality to the public sphere. By the 1880s, the school system, reference works and nationalist pressure groups also helped further build the credibility of these images.Less
Networks are the focus of the fourth chapter, with a particular eye to the circuitry that connected the creators of these images of the national community with the public sphere. This circulation, this chapter argues, played a critical role in legitimizing and authenticating maps and statistics of nationality as “scientific” and “accurate” documents. Once again technology also plays a role in the story, as the increasingly lower cost of printing enabled the foundation of geographic journals such as Petermanns Mitteilungen and Globus, who brought “serious” maps of nationality to the public sphere. By the 1880s, the school system, reference works and nationalist pressure groups also helped further build the credibility of these images.