Mark Mc Neilly
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195189780
- eISBN:
- 9780199851584
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189780.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This introductory chapter explains the reasons for writing a book about George Washington in relation to business leadership. It explains that though Washington was primarily a general and a ...
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This introductory chapter explains the reasons for writing a book about George Washington in relation to business leadership. It explains that though Washington was primarily a general and a politician, not a business leader, his accomplishments put him in a class that few other leaders in history can match. This book discusses the foundation of Washington's leadership principles and explores his success in organizing a revolution and securing liberty through a strong alliance.Less
This introductory chapter explains the reasons for writing a book about George Washington in relation to business leadership. It explains that though Washington was primarily a general and a politician, not a business leader, his accomplishments put him in a class that few other leaders in history can match. This book discusses the foundation of Washington's leadership principles and explores his success in organizing a revolution and securing liberty through a strong alliance.
Mark Mc Neilly
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195189780
- eISBN:
- 9780199851584
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189780.003.0011
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter discusses the general and business leadership principles that can be learned by understanding the life and career of General, and then later President, George Washington. It describes ...
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This chapter discusses the general and business leadership principles that can be learned by understanding the life and career of General, and then later President, George Washington. It describes the importance of Washington’s development of self-discipline, strong character, courage, a desire to learn, and a bent for innovative ideas. It also highlights Washington’s development of organizational abilities and his persistence to continue the fight despite numerous setbacks and mistakes during the American Revolution.Less
This chapter discusses the general and business leadership principles that can be learned by understanding the life and career of General, and then later President, George Washington. It describes the importance of Washington’s development of self-discipline, strong character, courage, a desire to learn, and a bent for innovative ideas. It also highlights Washington’s development of organizational abilities and his persistence to continue the fight despite numerous setbacks and mistakes during the American Revolution.
Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitrick
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195093810
- eISBN:
- 9780199854127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195093810.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter discusses the ratification of the new Constitution of the United States and the role several people played during the process including the first President of the United States, George ...
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This chapter discusses the ratification of the new Constitution of the United States and the role several people played during the process including the first President of the United States, George Washington. The Continental Congress did its last business on October 10th, 1788, and went out of existence forever. The change was not “revolutionary” in any obvious sense; it had occurred without upheaval. The initial call for a constitutional convention had been represented as being merely “for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation,” not of doing away with them. When the Convention did meet, its sessions were conducted in utter secrecy, by delegates from twelve of the thirteen states. The procedure for ratifying the new Constitution was cleverly devised and quite outside legal boundaries, as the law then stood. However, there was a formidable anti-federalist opposition.Less
This chapter discusses the ratification of the new Constitution of the United States and the role several people played during the process including the first President of the United States, George Washington. The Continental Congress did its last business on October 10th, 1788, and went out of existence forever. The change was not “revolutionary” in any obvious sense; it had occurred without upheaval. The initial call for a constitutional convention had been represented as being merely “for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation,” not of doing away with them. When the Convention did meet, its sessions were conducted in utter secrecy, by delegates from twelve of the thirteen states. The procedure for ratifying the new Constitution was cleverly devised and quite outside legal boundaries, as the law then stood. However, there was a formidable anti-federalist opposition.
Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitrick
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195093810
- eISBN:
- 9780199854127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195093810.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter discusses George Washington's Farewell Address first given to the public through the newspapers in September 1796, prior to that year's presidential election. The Address excited a ...
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This chapter discusses George Washington's Farewell Address first given to the public through the newspapers in September 1796, prior to that year's presidential election. The Address excited a variety of responses from the very beginning, not all of them favorable. Perhaps too much attention has been given to the explicit principles which Washington was affirming, or seemed to be affirming, for the guidance of his fellow citizens and their posterity. Then, following a transitional passage on the importance of religion, public morality, maintenance of the public credit, and the cheerful payment of taxes, Washington moved to the final section of his message, which was on foreign affairs. Washington indicated how he himself had tried to follow certain rules, the basis for his policy having been the Neutrality Proclamation of April 1793.Less
This chapter discusses George Washington's Farewell Address first given to the public through the newspapers in September 1796, prior to that year's presidential election. The Address excited a variety of responses from the very beginning, not all of them favorable. Perhaps too much attention has been given to the explicit principles which Washington was affirming, or seemed to be affirming, for the guidance of his fellow citizens and their posterity. Then, following a transitional passage on the importance of religion, public morality, maintenance of the public credit, and the cheerful payment of taxes, Washington moved to the final section of his message, which was on foreign affairs. Washington indicated how he himself had tried to follow certain rules, the basis for his policy having been the Neutrality Proclamation of April 1793.
Jeffrey F. Meyer
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520214811
- eISBN:
- 9780520921344
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520214811.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
This chapter discusses the architectural monument of George Washington. Washington was the subject of countless popular images, book and magazine illustrations, almanacs, broadside cuts, and ...
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This chapter discusses the architectural monument of George Washington. Washington was the subject of countless popular images, book and magazine illustrations, almanacs, broadside cuts, and ornamented music. Horatio Greenough tried to create an idealized image of Washington that would transcend time. The enigma of Washington is rooted not in the absence of a perfect likeness, but in two other factors. Washington's character is opaque because he was by nature and intention reserved, stiff, and somewhat remote even to those who knew him. However, he is vital to Americans as their central figure of self-understanding, the mythic embodiment of the ideals Americans consider their highest and best. The power of Washington as a symbol is directly associated with overt and covert religious models that have lifted him above the human realm. The monument retains its value as a steady corrective, recalling qualities that require neither “text nor apology”.Less
This chapter discusses the architectural monument of George Washington. Washington was the subject of countless popular images, book and magazine illustrations, almanacs, broadside cuts, and ornamented music. Horatio Greenough tried to create an idealized image of Washington that would transcend time. The enigma of Washington is rooted not in the absence of a perfect likeness, but in two other factors. Washington's character is opaque because he was by nature and intention reserved, stiff, and somewhat remote even to those who knew him. However, he is vital to Americans as their central figure of self-understanding, the mythic embodiment of the ideals Americans consider their highest and best. The power of Washington as a symbol is directly associated with overt and covert religious models that have lifted him above the human realm. The monument retains its value as a steady corrective, recalling qualities that require neither “text nor apology”.
John Saillant
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195157178
- eISBN:
- 9780199834617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195157176.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Support of the Federalist Party and opposition to the Democratic‐Republicans afforded Lemuel Haynes his first engagement with a public sphere beyond church congregations and revival audiences. He ...
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Support of the Federalist Party and opposition to the Democratic‐Republicans afforded Lemuel Haynes his first engagement with a public sphere beyond church congregations and revival audiences. He supported Federalists George Washington and John Adams, both of whom had some reputation in the early republic as enemies of slaveholding. New Englanders Ezra Stiles and Timothy Dwight, each man a president of Yale College, articulated a vision of blacks and whites united in a Christian postslavery society. This was a patrician vision that Haynes and black contemporaries like Richard Allen, leader of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, found convincing insofar as it suggested that a class of social and religious leaders would act to protect black rights. However, Jeffersonian ideology spread even into western Vermont; in 1818, Haynes was dismissed from his pulpit because of his Federalism and his criticism of the War of 1812.Less
Support of the Federalist Party and opposition to the Democratic‐Republicans afforded Lemuel Haynes his first engagement with a public sphere beyond church congregations and revival audiences. He supported Federalists George Washington and John Adams, both of whom had some reputation in the early republic as enemies of slaveholding. New Englanders Ezra Stiles and Timothy Dwight, each man a president of Yale College, articulated a vision of blacks and whites united in a Christian postslavery society. This was a patrician vision that Haynes and black contemporaries like Richard Allen, leader of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, found convincing insofar as it suggested that a class of social and religious leaders would act to protect black rights. However, Jeffersonian ideology spread even into western Vermont; in 1818, Haynes was dismissed from his pulpit because of his Federalism and his criticism of the War of 1812.
Mark Mc Neilly
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195189780
- eISBN:
- 9780199851584
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189780.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter examines the foundation of the leadership principles of George Washington. It highlights the difficulties of Washington's early experiences in leadership and how he reacted to and ...
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This chapter examines the foundation of the leadership principles of George Washington. It highlights the difficulties of Washington's early experiences in leadership and how he reacted to and learned from his failures. It describes parallels between Washington's life and those who work in today's business world and gives examples of leadership in business that reflects some of the principles Washington learned including the need to be organized, make sound decisions, and implement those decisions.Less
This chapter examines the foundation of the leadership principles of George Washington. It highlights the difficulties of Washington's early experiences in leadership and how he reacted to and learned from his failures. It describes parallels between Washington's life and those who work in today's business world and gives examples of leadership in business that reflects some of the principles Washington learned including the need to be organized, make sound decisions, and implement those decisions.
Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitrick
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195093810
- eISBN:
- 9780199854127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195093810.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
In early 19th-century America, the foremost talents in politics and government had no specific setting in place or time in which they could act upon each other in any way. That the seat chosen in ...
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In early 19th-century America, the foremost talents in politics and government had no specific setting in place or time in which they could act upon each other in any way. That the seat chosen in 1790 for the federal government would not have such a center was evident almost from the first. In this determination, the leading spirit was no less a figure than Thomas Jefferson. The prestige of George Washington and the knowledge of Washington's long-cherished desire to have the capital of the Republic seated on the banks of the Potomac had had little to do with the Virginians' eventual success in putting it there. However the decision made in 1790 to remove the capital from New York and subsequently from Philadelphia entailed a renunciation of whatever moral authority the national government might have had over the public imagination in matters of urban development and design.Less
In early 19th-century America, the foremost talents in politics and government had no specific setting in place or time in which they could act upon each other in any way. That the seat chosen in 1790 for the federal government would not have such a center was evident almost from the first. In this determination, the leading spirit was no less a figure than Thomas Jefferson. The prestige of George Washington and the knowledge of Washington's long-cherished desire to have the capital of the Republic seated on the banks of the Potomac had had little to do with the Virginians' eventual success in putting it there. However the decision made in 1790 to remove the capital from New York and subsequently from Philadelphia entailed a renunciation of whatever moral authority the national government might have had over the public imagination in matters of urban development and design.
Justin Crowe
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691152936
- eISBN:
- 9781400842575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691152936.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines the establishment of the federal judiciary from the beginning of George Washington's first term as president in 1789 to the end of Thomas Jefferson's first term in 1805. It ...
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This chapter examines the establishment of the federal judiciary from the beginning of George Washington's first term as president in 1789 to the end of Thomas Jefferson's first term in 1805. It considers three questions about the tumultuous politics of institutional design that followed the ratification of the Constitution: first, why judicial institution building was pursued; second, how it was accomplished; and third, what it achieved. It also discusses the three stages in which judicial institution building during this era occurred: stages: the policy compromise of 1789, the stalemate preventing large-scale judicial reform in the 1790s, and the flurry of policy and political initiatives of the early 1800s. The chapter concludes with an assessment of how Oliver Ellsworth's political entrepreneurship paved the way for a landmark, precedent-setting episode of judicial institution building that extended judicial power and expanded the judicial apparatus beyond simply the Supreme Court.Less
This chapter examines the establishment of the federal judiciary from the beginning of George Washington's first term as president in 1789 to the end of Thomas Jefferson's first term in 1805. It considers three questions about the tumultuous politics of institutional design that followed the ratification of the Constitution: first, why judicial institution building was pursued; second, how it was accomplished; and third, what it achieved. It also discusses the three stages in which judicial institution building during this era occurred: stages: the policy compromise of 1789, the stalemate preventing large-scale judicial reform in the 1790s, and the flurry of policy and political initiatives of the early 1800s. The chapter concludes with an assessment of how Oliver Ellsworth's political entrepreneurship paved the way for a landmark, precedent-setting episode of judicial institution building that extended judicial power and expanded the judicial apparatus beyond simply the Supreme Court.
Mark McNeilly
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195189780
- eISBN:
- 9780199851584
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189780.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
George Washington ranks as one of the great military leaders in history. The character traits he exemplified, and the leadership skills he employed, enabled him to defeat what was then the world's ...
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George Washington ranks as one of the great military leaders in history. The character traits he exemplified, and the leadership skills he employed, enabled him to defeat what was then the world's most powerful nation. This book shows today's managers how they can learn from Washington's career—both his triumphs and setbacks—to succeed as leaders in their chosen field. The book paints vivid portraits of some of the crucial moments in Washington's military career, from the early debacle on Long Island Heights to the masterstroke at Trenton. There Washington, aided by his use of intelligence and disinformation, and by his great fortitude in the face of truly daunting conditions, routed the Hessians. The book uses these stirring military encounters to underscore Washington's managerial genius: to persuade and inspire, to open up the decision-making process, to seize opportunities when they arise, to persevere when setbacks occurred, and to learn from his mistakes. Indeed, the book's true value lies in its ability to link military and business strategy, revealing that successful corporate leaders must possess many of the same traits that Washington did. Using examples from the NFL, Cadillac, Coke, Samsung, Embraer, IBM and others, the book shows how business leaders can apply Washington's principles for success.Less
George Washington ranks as one of the great military leaders in history. The character traits he exemplified, and the leadership skills he employed, enabled him to defeat what was then the world's most powerful nation. This book shows today's managers how they can learn from Washington's career—both his triumphs and setbacks—to succeed as leaders in their chosen field. The book paints vivid portraits of some of the crucial moments in Washington's military career, from the early debacle on Long Island Heights to the masterstroke at Trenton. There Washington, aided by his use of intelligence and disinformation, and by his great fortitude in the face of truly daunting conditions, routed the Hessians. The book uses these stirring military encounters to underscore Washington's managerial genius: to persuade and inspire, to open up the decision-making process, to seize opportunities when they arise, to persevere when setbacks occurred, and to learn from his mistakes. Indeed, the book's true value lies in its ability to link military and business strategy, revealing that successful corporate leaders must possess many of the same traits that Washington did. Using examples from the NFL, Cadillac, Coke, Samsung, Embraer, IBM and others, the book shows how business leaders can apply Washington's principles for success.
Mark Mc Neilly
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195189780
- eISBN:
- 9780199851584
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189780.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter discusses the tough beginning George Washington had in organizing a revolution and its relevance to business leadership. Though Washington was a loyal subject of the crown, he had doubts ...
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This chapter discusses the tough beginning George Washington had in organizing a revolution and its relevance to business leadership. Though Washington was a loyal subject of the crown, he had doubts about new British laws such as the Stamp Act. He supported the 1765 Virginia House of Burgesses’ resolutions to the home country denouncing taxes and infringements on colonists’ rights. When all possible peaceful resolutions to the conflict were exhausted, Washington organized a revolution against the British colonial government.Less
This chapter discusses the tough beginning George Washington had in organizing a revolution and its relevance to business leadership. Though Washington was a loyal subject of the crown, he had doubts about new British laws such as the Stamp Act. He supported the 1765 Virginia House of Burgesses’ resolutions to the home country denouncing taxes and infringements on colonists’ rights. When all possible peaceful resolutions to the conflict were exhausted, Washington organized a revolution against the British colonial government.
Roger G. Kennedy
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195140552
- eISBN:
- 9780199848775
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195140552.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
In the early spring of 1794, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, once a bishop and stockjobber, then an ambassador, left France, bearing a letter of introduction from Lord Shelborne to George Washington ...
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In the early spring of 1794, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, once a bishop and stockjobber, then an ambassador, left France, bearing a letter of introduction from Lord Shelborne to George Washington and thus to the new Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton succeeded Thomas Jefferson at the turn of the year as the government's chief theoretician. Washington declined to meet Talleyrand, but Hamilton did not, and the two became cronies. Talleyrand knew both Hamilton and Aaron Burr, whom he refused to see. This chapter discusses John Jay's failure to open Mississippi by diplomacy and the westerners' allegation that he caved in to Spain; Albert Gallatin's role in the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania; the incident at Braddock's Field; Hamilton's appearance at the head of the army to prevent the secession of western Pennsylvania; the despatch of General Georges Collot in March 1796 to see if there was any further hope of secessionism in Pennsylvania; and the election of 1800.Less
In the early spring of 1794, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, once a bishop and stockjobber, then an ambassador, left France, bearing a letter of introduction from Lord Shelborne to George Washington and thus to the new Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton succeeded Thomas Jefferson at the turn of the year as the government's chief theoretician. Washington declined to meet Talleyrand, but Hamilton did not, and the two became cronies. Talleyrand knew both Hamilton and Aaron Burr, whom he refused to see. This chapter discusses John Jay's failure to open Mississippi by diplomacy and the westerners' allegation that he caved in to Spain; Albert Gallatin's role in the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania; the incident at Braddock's Field; Hamilton's appearance at the head of the army to prevent the secession of western Pennsylvania; the despatch of General Georges Collot in March 1796 to see if there was any further hope of secessionism in Pennsylvania; and the election of 1800.
Hans L. Trefousse
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823224685
- eISBN:
- 9780823234936
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823224685.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
One hundred and forty years after his assassination on April 14, 1865, Abraham Lincoln towers more than ever above the landscape of American politics. In myth and memory, he is always the Great ...
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One hundred and forty years after his assassination on April 14, 1865, Abraham Lincoln towers more than ever above the landscape of American politics. In myth and memory, he is always the Great Emancipator and savior of the Union, second in stature only to George Washington. But was Lincoln always so exalted? Was he, as some historians argue, a poor President, deeply disliked, whose legacy was ennobled only by John Wilkes Booth's bullet? In this fascinating book, a leading historian finally takes the full measure of Lincoln's reputation. Drawing on a remarkable range of primary documents—speeches, newspaper accounts and editorials, private letters, memoirs, and other sources—the book gives us the voices of Lincoln's own time. From North and South, at home and abroad, here are politicians and ordinary people, soldiers and statesmen, abolitionists and slaveholders alike, in a rich chorus of American opinion. The result is a masterly portrait of Lincoln the President in the eyes of his fellow Americans.Less
One hundred and forty years after his assassination on April 14, 1865, Abraham Lincoln towers more than ever above the landscape of American politics. In myth and memory, he is always the Great Emancipator and savior of the Union, second in stature only to George Washington. But was Lincoln always so exalted? Was he, as some historians argue, a poor President, deeply disliked, whose legacy was ennobled only by John Wilkes Booth's bullet? In this fascinating book, a leading historian finally takes the full measure of Lincoln's reputation. Drawing on a remarkable range of primary documents—speeches, newspaper accounts and editorials, private letters, memoirs, and other sources—the book gives us the voices of Lincoln's own time. From North and South, at home and abroad, here are politicians and ordinary people, soldiers and statesmen, abolitionists and slaveholders alike, in a rich chorus of American opinion. The result is a masterly portrait of Lincoln the President in the eyes of his fellow Americans.
James A. Nyman and Brooke Kenline
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061559
- eISBN:
- 9780813051468
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061559.003.0004
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Ferry Farm is perhaps best known as the site of George Washington’s boyhood home. However, between the early eighteenth century and the Civil War, it was intermittently the site of multiple ...
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Ferry Farm is perhaps best known as the site of George Washington’s boyhood home. However, between the early eighteenth century and the Civil War, it was intermittently the site of multiple occupations, including the home of a former indentured servant, the home of an overseer and his enslaved wife, and the habitations of their and the Washington's enslaved domestic servants. The homes these families constructed were part of a dynamic cultural landscape that shifted meaning and context throughout time. In chapter 4, Nyman and Kenline pursue how these disparate households--their orientations, demographies, and material conditions--illustrate landschaft, the link between community, custom, and identity that defines a sense of land as a relative space. Emphasizing the multivalence of place-making, this analysis reveals the shifting variables and multiscalar dimensions of how activities and social relations within and around these households were inscribed on the Ferry Farm landscape with a shifting sense of place for the different occupants across time.Less
Ferry Farm is perhaps best known as the site of George Washington’s boyhood home. However, between the early eighteenth century and the Civil War, it was intermittently the site of multiple occupations, including the home of a former indentured servant, the home of an overseer and his enslaved wife, and the habitations of their and the Washington's enslaved domestic servants. The homes these families constructed were part of a dynamic cultural landscape that shifted meaning and context throughout time. In chapter 4, Nyman and Kenline pursue how these disparate households--their orientations, demographies, and material conditions--illustrate landschaft, the link between community, custom, and identity that defines a sense of land as a relative space. Emphasizing the multivalence of place-making, this analysis reveals the shifting variables and multiscalar dimensions of how activities and social relations within and around these households were inscribed on the Ferry Farm landscape with a shifting sense of place for the different occupants across time.
Monica M. White
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469643694
- eISBN:
- 9781469643717
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643694.003.0028
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter analyses the theoretical and applied contributions to Black agriculture of three influential African American intellectuals of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Booker ...
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This chapter analyses the theoretical and applied contributions to Black agriculture of three influential African American intellectuals of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Booker T. Washington built institutions, developed agricultural extension services, and organized conferences for Black farmers. George Washington Carver produced, systematized, and disseminated scientific agricultural knowledge. W. E. B. Du Bois focused on strengthening Black communities by advocating agricultural cooperatives as an economic and political strategy. While the three had different – and sometimes controversial – approaches, all saw agriculture as a strategy of resistance and community building. Through a historical analysis of these thinkers’ ideas about Black agriculture, this chapter offers fresh perspectives on classical African American intellectual traditions. This history challenges contemporary ideas that community agriculture is new, unearthing Black intellectual contributions to current conversations about sustainable, organic, and local food, as well as food security and food sovereignty. In doing so, it offers a historical precedent and framework for contemporary food justice movements for enacting the connection between agriculture and freedom.Less
This chapter analyses the theoretical and applied contributions to Black agriculture of three influential African American intellectuals of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Booker T. Washington built institutions, developed agricultural extension services, and organized conferences for Black farmers. George Washington Carver produced, systematized, and disseminated scientific agricultural knowledge. W. E. B. Du Bois focused on strengthening Black communities by advocating agricultural cooperatives as an economic and political strategy. While the three had different – and sometimes controversial – approaches, all saw agriculture as a strategy of resistance and community building. Through a historical analysis of these thinkers’ ideas about Black agriculture, this chapter offers fresh perspectives on classical African American intellectual traditions. This history challenges contemporary ideas that community agriculture is new, unearthing Black intellectual contributions to current conversations about sustainable, organic, and local food, as well as food security and food sovereignty. In doing so, it offers a historical precedent and framework for contemporary food justice movements for enacting the connection between agriculture and freedom.
Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitrick
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195093810
- eISBN:
- 9780199854127
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195093810.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
When Thomas Jefferson took the oath of office for the presidency in 1801, America had just passed through twelve critical years, dominated by some of the towering figures of our history and by the ...
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When Thomas Jefferson took the oath of office for the presidency in 1801, America had just passed through twelve critical years, dominated by some of the towering figures of our history and by the challenge of having to do everything for the first time. George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Adams, and Jefferson himself each had a share in shaping that remarkable era. This book provides an analytical survey of this extraordinary period. Ranging over the widest variety of concerns—political, cultural, economic, diplomatic, and military—it provides a sweeping historical account of the problems the new nation faced as well as the particular individuals who tried to solve them. As it moves through the Federalist era, the book draws character sketches not only of the great figures—Washington and Jefferson, Talleyrand and Napoleon Bonaparte—but also of lesser ones, such as George Hammond, Britain's frustrated minister to the United States, James McHenry, Adams's hapless Secretary of War, the pre-Chief Justice version of John Marshall, and others.Less
When Thomas Jefferson took the oath of office for the presidency in 1801, America had just passed through twelve critical years, dominated by some of the towering figures of our history and by the challenge of having to do everything for the first time. George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Adams, and Jefferson himself each had a share in shaping that remarkable era. This book provides an analytical survey of this extraordinary period. Ranging over the widest variety of concerns—political, cultural, economic, diplomatic, and military—it provides a sweeping historical account of the problems the new nation faced as well as the particular individuals who tried to solve them. As it moves through the Federalist era, the book draws character sketches not only of the great figures—Washington and Jefferson, Talleyrand and Napoleon Bonaparte—but also of lesser ones, such as George Hammond, Britain's frustrated minister to the United States, James McHenry, Adams's hapless Secretary of War, the pre-Chief Justice version of John Marshall, and others.
Mark Mc Neilly
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195189780
- eISBN:
- 9780199851584
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189780.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter examines how George Washington preserved the promoted the cause of the American Revolution. It suggests that Washington’s victory at Trenton, New Jersey, not only had a material impact ...
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This chapter examines how George Washington preserved the promoted the cause of the American Revolution. It suggests that Washington’s victory at Trenton, New Jersey, not only had a material impact on the enemy, it also proved to be a major victory for propaganda. It explained that this victory raised the spirits of Washington’s army and patriots throughout the colonies and there was a newfound confidence in Washington’s leadership.Less
This chapter examines how George Washington preserved the promoted the cause of the American Revolution. It suggests that Washington’s victory at Trenton, New Jersey, not only had a material impact on the enemy, it also proved to be a major victory for propaganda. It explained that this victory raised the spirits of Washington’s army and patriots throughout the colonies and there was a newfound confidence in Washington’s leadership.
Mark Mc Neilly
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195189780
- eISBN:
- 9780199851584
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189780.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter examines the fundamentals of George Washington’s succcess in the building of a winning team and its relevance to business leadership. It describes the challenges faced by Washington ...
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This chapter examines the fundamentals of George Washington’s succcess in the building of a winning team and its relevance to business leadership. It describes the challenges faced by Washington against efforts to seek his removal from Congress, which came to be known as the Conway Cabal. His major opponents included Generals Thomas Conway and Horatio Gates. Washington managed to overcome this challenge by gaining the support of other legislators and his wartime colleagues.Less
This chapter examines the fundamentals of George Washington’s succcess in the building of a winning team and its relevance to business leadership. It describes the challenges faced by Washington against efforts to seek his removal from Congress, which came to be known as the Conway Cabal. His major opponents included Generals Thomas Conway and Horatio Gates. Washington managed to overcome this challenge by gaining the support of other legislators and his wartime colleagues.
Ann Fairfax Withington
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195068351
- eISBN:
- 9780199853984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195068351.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter explains the similarities and likeness of tragedies and executions as agents and catalysts of moral reformation. The chapter also discusses the 1774 Continental Congress' step to create ...
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This chapter explains the similarities and likeness of tragedies and executions as agents and catalysts of moral reformation. The chapter also discusses the 1774 Continental Congress' step to create an intercolonial morality which would draw the colonies together in resisting British rule. While tragedies conform in so many ways to the rites of execution, the tragedies make the audience relate to the characters on the stage and not to each other. Unlike in executions, people who witness such events identify with each other as people who abided laws and he, the condemned one, as a defiant member of the society. Executions are affirmation of the community while plays are breeding ground for private emotions and perceptions. Driven by political needs and the political events in 1774, Congress banned plays and turned executions and the imposition of moral conducts from which all members of the society could identify into a political scheme. In addition, Congress also banned antisocial activities that isolated people in their personal emotions and perceptions. Instead, Congress devised a program which could be used politically to draw people together and give them identity as people. Congress implicitly banned private morality and opted for public morality that applied to everyone. This austere morality, oriented towards abnegation and insulation from heroism created a corporate and anonymous resistance which gave birth to a republican ideology. The chapter also discusses the plight and the manner with which the three stalwarts of republican ideology had to face after the granting of American Independence. It talks about the constraints placed by republican ideology on the leadership of George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams.Less
This chapter explains the similarities and likeness of tragedies and executions as agents and catalysts of moral reformation. The chapter also discusses the 1774 Continental Congress' step to create an intercolonial morality which would draw the colonies together in resisting British rule. While tragedies conform in so many ways to the rites of execution, the tragedies make the audience relate to the characters on the stage and not to each other. Unlike in executions, people who witness such events identify with each other as people who abided laws and he, the condemned one, as a defiant member of the society. Executions are affirmation of the community while plays are breeding ground for private emotions and perceptions. Driven by political needs and the political events in 1774, Congress banned plays and turned executions and the imposition of moral conducts from which all members of the society could identify into a political scheme. In addition, Congress also banned antisocial activities that isolated people in their personal emotions and perceptions. Instead, Congress devised a program which could be used politically to draw people together and give them identity as people. Congress implicitly banned private morality and opted for public morality that applied to everyone. This austere morality, oriented towards abnegation and insulation from heroism created a corporate and anonymous resistance which gave birth to a republican ideology. The chapter also discusses the plight and the manner with which the three stalwarts of republican ideology had to face after the granting of American Independence. It talks about the constraints placed by republican ideology on the leadership of George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams.
Roger G. Kennedy
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195140552
- eISBN:
- 9780199848775
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195140552.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This book restores Aaron Burr to his place as a central figure in the founding of the American Republic. Abolitionist, proto-feminist, friend to such Indian leaders as Joseph Brant, Burr was ...
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This book restores Aaron Burr to his place as a central figure in the founding of the American Republic. Abolitionist, proto-feminist, friend to such Indian leaders as Joseph Brant, Burr was personally acquainted with a wider range of Americans, and of the American continent, than any other Founder except George Washington. He contested for power with Alexander Hamilton and then with Thomas Jefferson on a continental scale. The book does not sentimentalize any of its three protagonists, neither does it derogate their extraordinary qualities. They were all great men, all flawed, and all three failed to achieve their full aspirations. But their struggles make for an epic tale. Written from the perspective of a historian and administrator who, over nearly fifty years in public life, has served six presidents, this book penetrates into the personal qualities of its three central figures. In telling the tale of their shifting power relationships and their antipathies, it reassesses their policies and the consequences of their successes and failures. Fresh information about the careers of Hamilton and Burr is derived from newly-discovered sources, and a supporting cast of secondary figures emerges to give depth and irony to the principal narrative.Less
This book restores Aaron Burr to his place as a central figure in the founding of the American Republic. Abolitionist, proto-feminist, friend to such Indian leaders as Joseph Brant, Burr was personally acquainted with a wider range of Americans, and of the American continent, than any other Founder except George Washington. He contested for power with Alexander Hamilton and then with Thomas Jefferson on a continental scale. The book does not sentimentalize any of its three protagonists, neither does it derogate their extraordinary qualities. They were all great men, all flawed, and all three failed to achieve their full aspirations. But their struggles make for an epic tale. Written from the perspective of a historian and administrator who, over nearly fifty years in public life, has served six presidents, this book penetrates into the personal qualities of its three central figures. In telling the tale of their shifting power relationships and their antipathies, it reassesses their policies and the consequences of their successes and failures. Fresh information about the careers of Hamilton and Burr is derived from newly-discovered sources, and a supporting cast of secondary figures emerges to give depth and irony to the principal narrative.
