Leah Feldman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781501726507
- eISBN:
- 9781501726514
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501726507.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
On the Threshold of Eurasia: Revolutionary Poetics in the Caucasus explores the idea of the Russian and Soviet “East” as a political, aesthetic and scientific system of ideas that contributed to the ...
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On the Threshold of Eurasia: Revolutionary Poetics in the Caucasus explores the idea of the Russian and Soviet “East” as a political, aesthetic and scientific system of ideas that contributed to the construction of Soviet discourses of ethnicity, empire, and literary modernity during the tumultuous first two decades of the twentieth century, from 1905 to 1929. It exposes connections between literary works, political essays, and orientalist history, geography, and ethnology written by Russian and Azeri Turkic Muslim writers and thinkers, many of whom have been unknown to Anglophone readers until now. Tracing translations and intertextual engagements across Russia, the Caucasus and western Europe, this book offers an alternative vision of empire, modernity and anti-imperialism from the vantage point of cosmopolitan centers in the Russian empire and Soviet Union. In this way, On the Threshold of Eurasia illustrates the pivotal impact of the literature of the Caucasus and the former Soviet periphery more broadly on the monumental aesthetic and political shifts of the early twentieth century.Less
On the Threshold of Eurasia: Revolutionary Poetics in the Caucasus explores the idea of the Russian and Soviet “East” as a political, aesthetic and scientific system of ideas that contributed to the construction of Soviet discourses of ethnicity, empire, and literary modernity during the tumultuous first two decades of the twentieth century, from 1905 to 1929. It exposes connections between literary works, political essays, and orientalist history, geography, and ethnology written by Russian and Azeri Turkic Muslim writers and thinkers, many of whom have been unknown to Anglophone readers until now. Tracing translations and intertextual engagements across Russia, the Caucasus and western Europe, this book offers an alternative vision of empire, modernity and anti-imperialism from the vantage point of cosmopolitan centers in the Russian empire and Soviet Union. In this way, On the Threshold of Eurasia illustrates the pivotal impact of the literature of the Caucasus and the former Soviet periphery more broadly on the monumental aesthetic and political shifts of the early twentieth century.
Sean L. Yom
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231175647
- eISBN:
- 9780231540278
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231175647.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
This chapter presents a new theoretical framework about state-building and authoritarian regimes in the Middle East. Linking coalitions to institutions, and then institutions to outcomes, it explains ...
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This chapter presents a new theoretical framework about state-building and authoritarian regimes in the Middle East. Linking coalitions to institutions, and then institutions to outcomes, it explains why the coalitional choices made during the critical junctures of national conflicts were so pivotal to the longevity and stability of their regimes. The geopolitical context of this process, which differed from past periods of state formation, clarifies why foreign powers would intervene during those periods of early struggle and in turn how hegemonic support would have powerful long-term effects by shaping early coalitional decisionsLess
This chapter presents a new theoretical framework about state-building and authoritarian regimes in the Middle East. Linking coalitions to institutions, and then institutions to outcomes, it explains why the coalitional choices made during the critical junctures of national conflicts were so pivotal to the longevity and stability of their regimes. The geopolitical context of this process, which differed from past periods of state formation, clarifies why foreign powers would intervene during those periods of early struggle and in turn how hegemonic support would have powerful long-term effects by shaping early coalitional decisions
Stuart Schaar
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171564
- eISBN:
- 9780231539920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171564.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas
Eqbal and Edward W. Said engaged in several polemics with adversaries. These include Ernest Gellner, world renowed Philosopher and Anthropologist,the Iraqi author and teacher, Kanan Makiya, and the ...
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Eqbal and Edward W. Said engaged in several polemics with adversaries. These include Ernest Gellner, world renowed Philosopher and Anthropologist,the Iraqi author and teacher, Kanan Makiya, and the editors of the British journal Race and Class, with whom he broke after having edited the journal.Less
Eqbal and Edward W. Said engaged in several polemics with adversaries. These include Ernest Gellner, world renowed Philosopher and Anthropologist,the Iraqi author and teacher, Kanan Makiya, and the editors of the British journal Race and Class, with whom he broke after having edited the journal.
Stuart Schaar
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171564
- eISBN:
- 9780231539920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171564.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas
Eqbal's analysis of Islam and Islamic history. He had studied the corpus, could hold his own in debates on Islamic dogma and history; Although seemingly secular, he appreciated the wonderous nature ...
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Eqbal's analysis of Islam and Islamic history. He had studied the corpus, could hold his own in debates on Islamic dogma and history; Although seemingly secular, he appreciated the wonderous nature of Islam and felt attached to the culture and religion. Throughout his life, this mitigated his outsider status.Less
Eqbal's analysis of Islam and Islamic history. He had studied the corpus, could hold his own in debates on Islamic dogma and history; Although seemingly secular, he appreciated the wonderous nature of Islam and felt attached to the culture and religion. Throughout his life, this mitigated his outsider status.
Stuart Schaar
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171564
- eISBN:
- 9780231539920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171564.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas
During the period of the Cold War, while most analysts reduced intertnational relations to the conflict between the USSR and the US, Eqbal argued that insurgency and revolutionary warfare better ...
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During the period of the Cold War, while most analysts reduced intertnational relations to the conflict between the USSR and the US, Eqbal argued that insurgency and revolutionary warfare better defined the post 1945 era. Many proxy wars took the lives of millions of Third World citizens; He also saw Imperialism as a dying phenomenon, but wanted to speed up the porocesses of decolonization.Less
During the period of the Cold War, while most analysts reduced intertnational relations to the conflict between the USSR and the US, Eqbal argued that insurgency and revolutionary warfare better defined the post 1945 era. Many proxy wars took the lives of millions of Third World citizens; He also saw Imperialism as a dying phenomenon, but wanted to speed up the porocesses of decolonization.
Stuart Schaar
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171564
- eISBN:
- 9780231539920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171564.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas
Opposition to partitioning states, especiually dividing Pakistan, and Bagladesh from India, and creating a separate Palestinian state, which he saw emerging as another "Zionist entity".
Opposition to partitioning states, especiually dividing Pakistan, and Bagladesh from India, and creating a separate Palestinian state, which he saw emerging as another "Zionist entity".
Stuart Schaar
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171564
- eISBN:
- 9780231539920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171564.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas
Cold War seen from the vantage of its victims in the Third World who were surrogates of the USSR and the US; millions dead in proxy wars; lack of precise definitions of terrorists and terrorism; Good ...
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Cold War seen from the vantage of its victims in the Third World who were surrogates of the USSR and the US; millions dead in proxy wars; lack of precise definitions of terrorists and terrorism; Good terrorists (allies of the US) vs. bad ones who opposed the West; necessity to define teroirism and see the roots of the problems producing terrorists.Less
Cold War seen from the vantage of its victims in the Third World who were surrogates of the USSR and the US; millions dead in proxy wars; lack of precise definitions of terrorists and terrorism; Good terrorists (allies of the US) vs. bad ones who opposed the West; necessity to define teroirism and see the roots of the problems producing terrorists.
Benjamin H. Bratton
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029575
- eISBN:
- 9780262330183
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029575.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Planetary-scale computation presents a fundamental challenge to Modern geopolitical architectures. As calculative reason and as global infrastructure, it not only deforms and distorts Westphalian ...
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Planetary-scale computation presents a fundamental challenge to Modern geopolitical architectures. As calculative reason and as global infrastructure, it not only deforms and distorts Westphalian political geography it creates new territories in its own image, ones that don’t necessarily replace the old but which are superimposed on them, each grinding against the other. These thickened and noisy jurisdictions are our new normal. They are the scaffolds through which our cultures evolve through them, and they represent our most difficult and important design challenge. Computation is changing not only how governments govern, but what government even is in the first place: less governance of computation than computation as governance. Global cloud platforms take on roles that have traditionally been the domain of States, cities become hardware/software platforms organized by physical and virtual interfaces, and strange new political subjects (some not even human) gain unforeseen sovereignties as the users of those interfaces. To understand (and to design) these transformations, we need to see them as part of a whole, an accidental megastructure called The Stack. This book examines each layer of The Stack–Earth, Cloud, City, Address, Interface, and User—as a dynamic technology that is re-structuring some part of our world at its particular scale and as part of the whole. The Stack is a platform, and so combines logics of both States and Markets, and produces forms of sovereignty that are unique to this technical and institutional form. Fortunately, stack platforms are made to be re-made. How the Stack-we-have becomes the Stack-to-come depends on how well we understand it as a totality, By seeing the whole we stand a better chance of designing a system we will want to inhabit. To formulate the “design brief” for that project, as this book does, requires a perspective that blends philosophical, geopolitical and technological understandings and methods.Less
Planetary-scale computation presents a fundamental challenge to Modern geopolitical architectures. As calculative reason and as global infrastructure, it not only deforms and distorts Westphalian political geography it creates new territories in its own image, ones that don’t necessarily replace the old but which are superimposed on them, each grinding against the other. These thickened and noisy jurisdictions are our new normal. They are the scaffolds through which our cultures evolve through them, and they represent our most difficult and important design challenge. Computation is changing not only how governments govern, but what government even is in the first place: less governance of computation than computation as governance. Global cloud platforms take on roles that have traditionally been the domain of States, cities become hardware/software platforms organized by physical and virtual interfaces, and strange new political subjects (some not even human) gain unforeseen sovereignties as the users of those interfaces. To understand (and to design) these transformations, we need to see them as part of a whole, an accidental megastructure called The Stack. This book examines each layer of The Stack–Earth, Cloud, City, Address, Interface, and User—as a dynamic technology that is re-structuring some part of our world at its particular scale and as part of the whole. The Stack is a platform, and so combines logics of both States and Markets, and produces forms of sovereignty that are unique to this technical and institutional form. Fortunately, stack platforms are made to be re-made. How the Stack-we-have becomes the Stack-to-come depends on how well we understand it as a totality, By seeing the whole we stand a better chance of designing a system we will want to inhabit. To formulate the “design brief” for that project, as this book does, requires a perspective that blends philosophical, geopolitical and technological understandings and methods.
Stuart Schaar
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171564
- eISBN:
- 9780231539920
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171564.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas
Eqbal Ahmad (1930?–1999) was a bold and original activist, journalist, and theorist who brought uncommon perspective to the rise of militant Islam, the conflict in Kashmir, the involvement of the ...
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Eqbal Ahmad (1930?–1999) was a bold and original activist, journalist, and theorist who brought uncommon perspective to the rise of militant Islam, the conflict in Kashmir, the involvement of the United States in Vietnam, and the geopolitics of the Cold War. A long-time friend and intellectual collaborator of Ahmad, Stuart Schaar presents in this book previously unseen materials by and about his colleague, having traveled through the United States, India, Pakistan, western Europe, and North Africa to connect Ahmad’s experiences to the major currents of modern history. Ahmad was the first to recognize that former ally Osama bin Laden would turn against the United States. He anticipated the rapidly shifting loyalties of terrorists and understood that overthrowing Saddam Hussein would provoke violence and sectarian strife in Iraq. Ahmad had great compassion for the victims of the proxy wars waged by the leading Cold War powers, and he frequently championed unpopular causes, such as the need to extend the rights of Palestinians and protect Bosnians and Kosovars in a disintegrating Yugoslavia. Toward the end of his life, Ahmad worked tirelessly to broker a peace between India and Pakistan and to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons throughout the subcontinent. As novel and necessary as ever, Ahmad’s remarkable vision is here preserved and extended to reveal the extent to which he was involved in the political and historical conflicts of his time.Less
Eqbal Ahmad (1930?–1999) was a bold and original activist, journalist, and theorist who brought uncommon perspective to the rise of militant Islam, the conflict in Kashmir, the involvement of the United States in Vietnam, and the geopolitics of the Cold War. A long-time friend and intellectual collaborator of Ahmad, Stuart Schaar presents in this book previously unseen materials by and about his colleague, having traveled through the United States, India, Pakistan, western Europe, and North Africa to connect Ahmad’s experiences to the major currents of modern history. Ahmad was the first to recognize that former ally Osama bin Laden would turn against the United States. He anticipated the rapidly shifting loyalties of terrorists and understood that overthrowing Saddam Hussein would provoke violence and sectarian strife in Iraq. Ahmad had great compassion for the victims of the proxy wars waged by the leading Cold War powers, and he frequently championed unpopular causes, such as the need to extend the rights of Palestinians and protect Bosnians and Kosovars in a disintegrating Yugoslavia. Toward the end of his life, Ahmad worked tirelessly to broker a peace between India and Pakistan and to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons throughout the subcontinent. As novel and necessary as ever, Ahmad’s remarkable vision is here preserved and extended to reveal the extent to which he was involved in the political and historical conflicts of his time.
Simon Tate
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719083716
- eISBN:
- 9781781706237
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719083716.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This book addresses the Anglo-American special relationship from the perspective of post-Second World War British governments. Drawing upon original research, it investigates how these governments ...
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This book addresses the Anglo-American special relationship from the perspective of post-Second World War British governments. Drawing upon original research, it investigates how these governments have perceived the special relationship and attempted to perform a foreign policy role within it. In so doing, the book explores how the British foreign policy making process has repeatedly challenged the dominant idea that Britain's ability to influence international affairs has been waning and that British governments have accepted a position of subservience to the hegemony of the US. The book also argues that, at key moments of post-War international crisis, successive British governments have attempted to re-play the same foreign policy role within the special relationship that Churchill's government defined in 1945. By setting contemporary British foreign policy into its historical context, it offers fresh insights into why Tony Blair's government felt it must participate in the Iraq war and questions anew why this decision was flawed. The book contends that the foreign policy failure that Blair experienced during the Iraq war was both inevitable the legacy of successive British governments’ inertia towards Britain's role in the special relationship. It concludes that these failings are likely to be re-played and demonstrates how and why the role of the special relationship in British foreign policy must be urgently rethought. Written from an interdisciplinary perspective, this book will appeal to students, academics and a wider readership with an interest in politics, geopolitics, geography, international relations, British foreign policy and post-Second World War British history.Less
This book addresses the Anglo-American special relationship from the perspective of post-Second World War British governments. Drawing upon original research, it investigates how these governments have perceived the special relationship and attempted to perform a foreign policy role within it. In so doing, the book explores how the British foreign policy making process has repeatedly challenged the dominant idea that Britain's ability to influence international affairs has been waning and that British governments have accepted a position of subservience to the hegemony of the US. The book also argues that, at key moments of post-War international crisis, successive British governments have attempted to re-play the same foreign policy role within the special relationship that Churchill's government defined in 1945. By setting contemporary British foreign policy into its historical context, it offers fresh insights into why Tony Blair's government felt it must participate in the Iraq war and questions anew why this decision was flawed. The book contends that the foreign policy failure that Blair experienced during the Iraq war was both inevitable the legacy of successive British governments’ inertia towards Britain's role in the special relationship. It concludes that these failings are likely to be re-played and demonstrates how and why the role of the special relationship in British foreign policy must be urgently rethought. Written from an interdisciplinary perspective, this book will appeal to students, academics and a wider readership with an interest in politics, geopolitics, geography, international relations, British foreign policy and post-Second World War British history.
Tessa Dwyer
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474410946
- eISBN:
- 9781474434720
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474410946.003.0008
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
In summary, this book proposes that improper sites of subtitling and dubbing provide a key to revaluing translation’s role within screen culture broadly. By analysing a range of emergent practices, ...
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In summary, this book proposes that improper sites of subtitling and dubbing provide a key to revaluing translation’s role within screen culture broadly. By analysing a range of emergent practices, Speaking in Subtitles has explored ‘errancy’ as a fault line rapidly spreading across the surface of contemporary screen translation, transferring attention away from endless, unresolvable debates on ‘quality’ towards the geopolitics that determine and delimit value systems in the first place. The concrete translation practices explored in this book identify language diversity as a major trajectory within digital and online modes of media engagement. Paying attention to improper sites of subtitling and dubbing provides a crucial key, it argues, to revaluing translation’s role within screen culture broadly—these ‘error screens’ are central, not peripheral, to screen culture as the risks of linguistic and cultural mutation that attend interlingual translation keep films, TV programs and other forms of screen media circulating, evolving and living-on.Less
In summary, this book proposes that improper sites of subtitling and dubbing provide a key to revaluing translation’s role within screen culture broadly. By analysing a range of emergent practices, Speaking in Subtitles has explored ‘errancy’ as a fault line rapidly spreading across the surface of contemporary screen translation, transferring attention away from endless, unresolvable debates on ‘quality’ towards the geopolitics that determine and delimit value systems in the first place. The concrete translation practices explored in this book identify language diversity as a major trajectory within digital and online modes of media engagement. Paying attention to improper sites of subtitling and dubbing provides a crucial key, it argues, to revaluing translation’s role within screen culture broadly—these ‘error screens’ are central, not peripheral, to screen culture as the risks of linguistic and cultural mutation that attend interlingual translation keep films, TV programs and other forms of screen media circulating, evolving and living-on.
Tanisha C. Ford
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469625157
- eISBN:
- 9781469625171
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469625157.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This concluding chapter lays the groundwork for further work in the field of black fashion studies. It argues that future scholarship will have to grapple with the geopolitics of the United States’ ...
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This concluding chapter lays the groundwork for further work in the field of black fashion studies. It argues that future scholarship will have to grapple with the geopolitics of the United States’ relationship with the burgeoning African fashion industry and how such politics ultimately grow America’s empire. The United States has dominated other African markets—oil, copper, and diamonds—for centuries. Fashion is the new frontier. Some activists are already concerned about labor exploitation now that economists are predicting that “the next Asia is Africa” as multinational companies scurry to find cheap labor. These economic factors are unfolding as celebrities such as R&B singer Beyoncé and first Lady Michelle Obama are popularizing African fashion in the realm of social media.Less
This concluding chapter lays the groundwork for further work in the field of black fashion studies. It argues that future scholarship will have to grapple with the geopolitics of the United States’ relationship with the burgeoning African fashion industry and how such politics ultimately grow America’s empire. The United States has dominated other African markets—oil, copper, and diamonds—for centuries. Fashion is the new frontier. Some activists are already concerned about labor exploitation now that economists are predicting that “the next Asia is Africa” as multinational companies scurry to find cheap labor. These economic factors are unfolding as celebrities such as R&B singer Beyoncé and first Lady Michelle Obama are popularizing African fashion in the realm of social media.
Suparno Banerjee
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496811523
- eISBN:
- 9781496811561
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496811523.003.0016
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
With “India, Geopolitics, and Future Wars,” Suparno Banerjee demonstrates the importance of future-war narratives in the shifting geopolitical posture of India by exploring the genre, origins, and ...
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With “India, Geopolitics, and Future Wars,” Suparno Banerjee demonstrates the importance of future-war narratives in the shifting geopolitical posture of India by exploring the genre, origins, and patterns of this SF motif. With particular attention paid to Humphrey Hawksley’s Dragon Fire (2000) and Ruchir Joshi’s The Last Jet-Engine Laugh (2001), Banerjee focuses on perceptions of India by Western as well as Indian authors as they speculate about future-wars, highlighting the disillusionment of a postcolonial nation discarding its utopian ideals by involving itself in regional power-struggles. Banerjee effectively illustrates the different patterns that such contemporary future-war narratives create.Less
With “India, Geopolitics, and Future Wars,” Suparno Banerjee demonstrates the importance of future-war narratives in the shifting geopolitical posture of India by exploring the genre, origins, and patterns of this SF motif. With particular attention paid to Humphrey Hawksley’s Dragon Fire (2000) and Ruchir Joshi’s The Last Jet-Engine Laugh (2001), Banerjee focuses on perceptions of India by Western as well as Indian authors as they speculate about future-wars, highlighting the disillusionment of a postcolonial nation discarding its utopian ideals by involving itself in regional power-struggles. Banerjee effectively illustrates the different patterns that such contemporary future-war narratives create.
Patrick Milton, Michael Axworthy, and Brendan Simms
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190947897
- eISBN:
- 9780190055912
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190947897.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
It was the original forever war, which went on interminably, fueled by religious fanaticism, personal ambition, fear of hegemony, and communal suspicion. It dragged in all the neighboring powers. It ...
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It was the original forever war, which went on interminably, fueled by religious fanaticism, personal ambition, fear of hegemony, and communal suspicion. It dragged in all the neighboring powers. It was punctuated by repeated failed ceasefires. It inflicted suffering beyond belief and generated waves of refugees. No, this is not Syria today, but the Thirty Years' War (1618-48), which turned Germany and much of central Europe into a disaster zone.
The Thirty Years' War is often cited as a parallel in discussions of the Middle East. The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the conflict in 1648, has featured strongly in such discussions, usually with the observation that recent events in some parts of the region have seen the collapse of ideas of state sovereignty--ideas that supposedly originated with the 1648 settlement.
Axworthy, Milton and Simms argue that the Westphalian treaties, far from enshrining state sovereignty, in fact reconfigured and strengthened a structure for legal resolution of disputes, and provided for intervention by outside guarantor powers to uphold the peace settlement. This book argues that the history of Westphalia may hold the key to resolving the new long wars in the Middle East today.Less
It was the original forever war, which went on interminably, fueled by religious fanaticism, personal ambition, fear of hegemony, and communal suspicion. It dragged in all the neighboring powers. It was punctuated by repeated failed ceasefires. It inflicted suffering beyond belief and generated waves of refugees. No, this is not Syria today, but the Thirty Years' War (1618-48), which turned Germany and much of central Europe into a disaster zone.
The Thirty Years' War is often cited as a parallel in discussions of the Middle East. The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the conflict in 1648, has featured strongly in such discussions, usually with the observation that recent events in some parts of the region have seen the collapse of ideas of state sovereignty--ideas that supposedly originated with the 1648 settlement.
Axworthy, Milton and Simms argue that the Westphalian treaties, far from enshrining state sovereignty, in fact reconfigured and strengthened a structure for legal resolution of disputes, and provided for intervention by outside guarantor powers to uphold the peace settlement. This book argues that the history of Westphalia may hold the key to resolving the new long wars in the Middle East today.
Heung-wah Wong and Hoi-yan Yau
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789888208562
- eISBN:
- 9789888313716
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208562.003.0013
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
The aim of this chapter is to spell out the differences in the characteristics of manhood in the Chines societies of Taiwan and Hong Kong. We argue that there are different Chinese masculinities in ...
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The aim of this chapter is to spell out the differences in the characteristics of manhood in the Chines societies of Taiwan and Hong Kong. We argue that there are different Chinese masculinities in Taiwan and Hong Kong that are resulted from complex articulations between Chinese kinship systems, geopolitics, and other factors and therefore conclude that there is certainly no single essentialized Chinese masculinity. This chapter raises two questions. The first is: can we still say that there is a form of manhood that is applicable to all Chinese societies? The second question is if masculinity is just a dependent variable in the chain of social explanation, should the form of research be relocated to the geopolitics, the family system, and their interrelations?Less
The aim of this chapter is to spell out the differences in the characteristics of manhood in the Chines societies of Taiwan and Hong Kong. We argue that there are different Chinese masculinities in Taiwan and Hong Kong that are resulted from complex articulations between Chinese kinship systems, geopolitics, and other factors and therefore conclude that there is certainly no single essentialized Chinese masculinity. This chapter raises two questions. The first is: can we still say that there is a form of manhood that is applicable to all Chinese societies? The second question is if masculinity is just a dependent variable in the chain of social explanation, should the form of research be relocated to the geopolitics, the family system, and their interrelations?
Itty Abraham
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804791632
- eISBN:
- 9780804792684
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804791632.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Why do countries go to war over disputed lands? This revisionist study identifies the process of decolonization as the root of contemporary Asian interstate territorial conflicts. It does so by ...
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Why do countries go to war over disputed lands? This revisionist study identifies the process of decolonization as the root of contemporary Asian interstate territorial conflicts. It does so by foregrounding the political implications of identifying a fixed territorial homeland as a necessary starting point for international recognition as well as establishing national identity. It concludes that, rather than potential economic gains or historic grievances, disputed lands are important because territorial conflicts expose contradictions in the body of the assumed-to-be unitary nation-state, namely, that fixed territorial borders inevitably incorporate non-national communities into new states while leaving other national entities outside it.Less
Why do countries go to war over disputed lands? This revisionist study identifies the process of decolonization as the root of contemporary Asian interstate territorial conflicts. It does so by foregrounding the political implications of identifying a fixed territorial homeland as a necessary starting point for international recognition as well as establishing national identity. It concludes that, rather than potential economic gains or historic grievances, disputed lands are important because territorial conflicts expose contradictions in the body of the assumed-to-be unitary nation-state, namely, that fixed territorial borders inevitably incorporate non-national communities into new states while leaving other national entities outside it.
Richard L. Bernal
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781479899289
- eISBN:
- 9781479811588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479899289.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The United States has been and continues to be the dominant and unchallenged global power in Central America and the Caribbean. Meanwhile, China’s economic, diplomatic, and psychological presence in ...
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The United States has been and continues to be the dominant and unchallenged global power in Central America and the Caribbean. Meanwhile, China’s economic, diplomatic, and psychological presence in the Caribbean and to a lesser extent in Costa Rica has increased during the last decade. This economic rise of China and its growing involvement in international affairs has prompted a discussion about whether China’s growing presence in the Caribbean is a trend about which the U.S. should be concerned and whether it portends a challenge by China in the way that it is jousting with the U.S. over influence in the Pacific Ocean and Asia. This chapter begins with a brief review of U.S.-China relations and the Obama administration’s China policy, and then examines the diplomatic, economic, and cultural relations between Central America and the Caribbean and China. It concludes that China’s increased presence in the Central America and the Caribbean and the deepening of its relations with some of these countries does represent a challenge to the position and traditional role of the United States in this region.Less
The United States has been and continues to be the dominant and unchallenged global power in Central America and the Caribbean. Meanwhile, China’s economic, diplomatic, and psychological presence in the Caribbean and to a lesser extent in Costa Rica has increased during the last decade. This economic rise of China and its growing involvement in international affairs has prompted a discussion about whether China’s growing presence in the Caribbean is a trend about which the U.S. should be concerned and whether it portends a challenge by China in the way that it is jousting with the U.S. over influence in the Pacific Ocean and Asia. This chapter begins with a brief review of U.S.-China relations and the Obama administration’s China policy, and then examines the diplomatic, economic, and cultural relations between Central America and the Caribbean and China. It concludes that China’s increased presence in the Central America and the Caribbean and the deepening of its relations with some of these countries does represent a challenge to the position and traditional role of the United States in this region.
Benjamin H. Bratton
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029575
- eISBN:
- 9780262330183
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029575.003.0010
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Stack architectures are designed to be remade. Each modular layer can contain any technology able to communicate with the layer above and below it. This chapter examines not the Stack-we-have but the ...
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Stack architectures are designed to be remade. Each modular layer can contain any technology able to communicate with the layer above and below it. This chapter examines not the Stack-we-have but the Stack-to-come. It considers possible futures for each of the six layers, recognizing both the potential and the risks that each may bring. As each layer is considered in relation to its own potential accidents, as The Stack as a whole is a composite accident. Some scenarios suggest further ecological calamity, Cloud Feudalism, and revitalized political theological fundamentalisms. Others may suggest instead robust ecological polities, rationalized algorithmic governance, and a vibrant proliferation of human and non-human agents. Whether the latter wins out over the former depends on how well we cope with the Copernican traumas of planetary-scale computation.Less
Stack architectures are designed to be remade. Each modular layer can contain any technology able to communicate with the layer above and below it. This chapter examines not the Stack-we-have but the Stack-to-come. It considers possible futures for each of the six layers, recognizing both the potential and the risks that each may bring. As each layer is considered in relation to its own potential accidents, as The Stack as a whole is a composite accident. Some scenarios suggest further ecological calamity, Cloud Feudalism, and revitalized political theological fundamentalisms. Others may suggest instead robust ecological polities, rationalized algorithmic governance, and a vibrant proliferation of human and non-human agents. Whether the latter wins out over the former depends on how well we cope with the Copernican traumas of planetary-scale computation.
Evan Hillebrand and Stacy Closson
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028899
- eISBN:
- 9780262328722
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028899.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Among the questions tackled by Evan Hillebrand and Stacy Closson in this book are the following: Will there be more wars or peace? What country or countries will dominate, and which ones will fade in ...
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Among the questions tackled by Evan Hillebrand and Stacy Closson in this book are the following: Will there be more wars or peace? What country or countries will dominate, and which ones will fade in geopolitical significance? Will the unprecedented sixty year surge in world economic growth continue or come to an end? And will shortages of energy or other resources constrain the global future? This book offers a new approach to creating outlooks that consider the interconnectedness of three key drivers—economic growth, energy abundance, and geopolitics. Using the quantitative assist of the International Futures Model results in eight quite different scenarios to 2050. In each, a change in any one driver affects the outcome of the other two, and combinations of the three drivers interact to create varying outcomes. The book offers scholars the chance to create their own futures using the model. It offers policy makers probabilities of which combination of variables is more likely to result in a favorable outcome. In the end, strong economic growth in both China and the United States leads to the most harmonious global future. However, policy mistakes or exogenous shocks that leads to sharply lower growth in either point the globe in a less benign direction. Even with good economic growth, however, divergent trends in energy security in the United States and China could make the world more unsafe.Less
Among the questions tackled by Evan Hillebrand and Stacy Closson in this book are the following: Will there be more wars or peace? What country or countries will dominate, and which ones will fade in geopolitical significance? Will the unprecedented sixty year surge in world economic growth continue or come to an end? And will shortages of energy or other resources constrain the global future? This book offers a new approach to creating outlooks that consider the interconnectedness of three key drivers—economic growth, energy abundance, and geopolitics. Using the quantitative assist of the International Futures Model results in eight quite different scenarios to 2050. In each, a change in any one driver affects the outcome of the other two, and combinations of the three drivers interact to create varying outcomes. The book offers scholars the chance to create their own futures using the model. It offers policy makers probabilities of which combination of variables is more likely to result in a favorable outcome. In the end, strong economic growth in both China and the United States leads to the most harmonious global future. However, policy mistakes or exogenous shocks that leads to sharply lower growth in either point the globe in a less benign direction. Even with good economic growth, however, divergent trends in energy security in the United States and China could make the world more unsafe.
Muhammad Idrees Ahmad
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780748693023
- eISBN:
- 9781474406086
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748693023.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter looks at the various explanations that have been offered over the years for the Iraq war. It argues that common explanations like oil, free markets, military-industrial complex, and ...
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This chapter looks at the various explanations that have been offered over the years for the Iraq war. It argues that common explanations like oil, free markets, military-industrial complex, and geopolitical rivalry are inadequate explanations for the war. The war did not have a single cause; but not all of its causes are equally significant.Less
This chapter looks at the various explanations that have been offered over the years for the Iraq war. It argues that common explanations like oil, free markets, military-industrial complex, and geopolitical rivalry are inadequate explanations for the war. The war did not have a single cause; but not all of its causes are equally significant.
