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The Council

Philipp Dann

in Oxford Principles Of European Union Law: The European Union Legal Order: Volume I

The Council is the indispensable institution of the European Union (EU). Its importance is based on its ubiquity in the EU’s exercises of public authority, which in turn rests on its functional and ... More

The Council is the indispensable institution of the European Union (EU). Its importance is based on its ubiquity in the EU’s exercises of public authority, which in turn rests on its functional and institutional complexity and hybridity. For the Council is neither only a legislature nor an executive; neither simply a meeting of state parties nor a regular second chamber of parliament; neither just political nor administrative, neither clearly national nor supranational—but it is all of these aspects at different points. It has fittingly been called a chameleon. Less

The European Council

Wolfgang Wessels

in Oxford Principles Of European Union Law: The European Union Legal Order: Volume I

The European Council is an intriguing institution to study. From the early summits onwards, the heads of state or government prepared and concluded many history-making decisions that shaped the ... More

The European Council is an intriguing institution to study. From the early summits onwards, the heads of state or government prepared and concluded many history-making decisions that shaped the Union’s constitutional and geographic architecture. Since its creation in 1974, the European Council has regularly exercised major functions of system- and policy-making. In this institution, national leaders have agreed on treaty revisions, on accession agreements, and have also acted as the ultimate decision-makers on a state-like agenda of public policies. The European Council’s activities, agreements, and acts have thus dealt with the most contested issues of Europe’s history from the 1970s onwards. Since 2008, the ‘Union’s highest executive leaders’ have once more increased the institution’s authority, using it to react to global financial crises and stabilize the eurozone, as well as to deal with the refugee waves and the Brexit. Less

Article 16 TEU

Paul-John Loewenthal

in The EU Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights: A Commentary

A blocking minority must include at least four Council members, failing which the qualified majority shall be deemed attained.

Article 236 TFEU

Paul-John Loewenthal

in The EU Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights: A Commentary

The European Council shall adopt by a qualified majority a decision establishing the list of Council configurations, other than those of the General Affairs Council and of the Foreign Affairs ... More

The European Council shall adopt by a qualified majority a decision establishing the list of Council configurations, other than those of the General Affairs Council and of the Foreign Affairs Council, in accordance with Article 16(6) of the Treaty on European Union; Less

The Union Budget And The Budgetary Procedure

Cristina Fasone and Nicola Lupo

in Oxford Principles Of European Union Law: The European Union Legal Order: Volume I

The shape and content of the EU budget define what the EU wants to be, what it can actually do, its nature, and its aspirations. As often happens with the EU, much depends on the terms of ... More

The shape and content of the EU budget define what the EU wants to be, what it can actually do, its nature, and its aspirations. As often happens with the EU, much depends on the terms of comparison: the Union budget, which is slightly higher than 1 per cent of the EU Gross National Income (GNI), is much smaller than the budgets of most Member States but, at the same time, it is three times bigger than that of the United Nations. Its size and, even more so, the EU procedures which set its expenditures—apart from its revenues—reveal that the EU aims to be something different from a mere international organization. Less

The Open Method Of Coordination: Obstinate Or Obsolete?

Kenneth A. Armstrong

in Oxford Principles Of European Union Law: The European Union Legal Order: Volume I

Policy coordination in one form or another has been a feature of EU governance for the past two decades. Developing initially as a mechanism through which to coordinate national economic policies ... More

Policy coordination in one form or another has been a feature of EU governance for the past two decades. Developing initially as a mechanism through which to coordinate national economic policies in the shadow of economic and monetary union (EMU), and extending to the coordination of employment policies through the European Employment Strategy, by the 2000s, policy coordination was being heralded as a new form of governance to be deployed to achieve the aims of the Lisbon Strategy of economic and social reform. Indeed, such was the interest in this new form of EU governance, it even acquired its own distinctive nomenclature—the ‘open method of coordination’ (OMC). Less