Maureen McKelvey
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198297246
- eISBN:
- 9780191685316
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198297246.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation, Knowledge Management
This book examines the initial commercial uses of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is one of the most modern, controversial and dynamic of the science-based technologies. It is not an object, ...
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This book examines the initial commercial uses of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is one of the most modern, controversial and dynamic of the science-based technologies. It is not an object, but a set of techniques or way of doing things. The development of these technologies from the 1970s onwards illustrates the changing relationships between universities and firms, and between basic science and research oriented towards commercial uses. The main focus of the book is on two firms — DS Genentech in the United States and Kabi in Sweden — and their activities and ‘knowledge-seeking’ behaviour in the development of human growth hormone and how those ran in parallel with university science. This book was awarded the Schumpeter Society book prize in 1996. This paperback edition includes a new introduction in which the author reflects upon the most recent developments in biotechnology. The book will interest those who wish to understand the complexities of innovation processes in the ‘knowledge society’, for example, management and organisation researchers, economists, policy advisors, and managers and strategists responsible for turning knowledge into product and profit.Less
This book examines the initial commercial uses of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is one of the most modern, controversial and dynamic of the science-based technologies. It is not an object, but a set of techniques or way of doing things. The development of these technologies from the 1970s onwards illustrates the changing relationships between universities and firms, and between basic science and research oriented towards commercial uses. The main focus of the book is on two firms — DS Genentech in the United States and Kabi in Sweden — and their activities and ‘knowledge-seeking’ behaviour in the development of human growth hormone and how those ran in parallel with university science. This book was awarded the Schumpeter Society book prize in 1996. This paperback edition includes a new introduction in which the author reflects upon the most recent developments in biotechnology. The book will interest those who wish to understand the complexities of innovation processes in the ‘knowledge society’, for example, management and organisation researchers, economists, policy advisors, and managers and strategists responsible for turning knowledge into product and profit.
Maureen D. McKelvey
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198297246
- eISBN:
- 9780191685316
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198297246.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation, Knowledge Management
This chapter continues the analysis of early scientific and technological activities in the late 1970s which is now relevant to the commercial uses of genetic engineering. In late 1977, the ...
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This chapter continues the analysis of early scientific and technological activities in the late 1970s which is now relevant to the commercial uses of genetic engineering. In late 1977, the somatostatin experiment described in the previous chapter indicated the potential feasibility and applicability of using genetic engineering techniques as a method of producing human proteins. This chapter follows the strategies and actions of the three firms, Lilly, Genentech, and Kabi in their attempts to generate and access scientific and technological knowledge and techniques for the economic environments in 1978. These three firms clearly affected the growth rate and direction of the scientific environment by developing closely related activities for other environments. The focus of this chapter is on scientific and technological activities for using genetic engineering to express insulin and human growth hormone in bacteria. It also shows that perceptions were based on ideas which could not be immediately realized because the necessary knowledge and/or techniques were not available.Less
This chapter continues the analysis of early scientific and technological activities in the late 1970s which is now relevant to the commercial uses of genetic engineering. In late 1977, the somatostatin experiment described in the previous chapter indicated the potential feasibility and applicability of using genetic engineering techniques as a method of producing human proteins. This chapter follows the strategies and actions of the three firms, Lilly, Genentech, and Kabi in their attempts to generate and access scientific and technological knowledge and techniques for the economic environments in 1978. These three firms clearly affected the growth rate and direction of the scientific environment by developing closely related activities for other environments. The focus of this chapter is on scientific and technological activities for using genetic engineering to express insulin and human growth hormone in bacteria. It also shows that perceptions were based on ideas which could not be immediately realized because the necessary knowledge and/or techniques were not available.
Michael Storper, Thomas Kemeny, Naji Philip Makarem, and Taner Osman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780804789400
- eISBN:
- 9780804796026
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804789400.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
The sources of economic divergence lie in their divergent levels and types of economic specialization. Specialization is caused by many forces, including lucky breakthroughs in technology, particular ...
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The sources of economic divergence lie in their divergent levels and types of economic specialization. Specialization is caused by many forces, including lucky breakthroughs in technology, particular powerful individuals, decisions of key firms at critical turning points, and lock-in effects from initial advantages. Most of these forces cannot be predicted or created. But they must find fertile ground, and this ground is prepared by the ability of the regional economy’s firms, leaders, and workers to create and absorb the organizational change that is key to new, high-wage industries. Los Angeles and San Francisco are a striking contrast in these abilities, with Los Angeles’s firms and leaders persistently returning to Old Economy organizational forms and San Francisco’s firms and leaders consistently inventing the organizational forms of the New Economy that become models for the American and world economies as a whole.Less
The sources of economic divergence lie in their divergent levels and types of economic specialization. Specialization is caused by many forces, including lucky breakthroughs in technology, particular powerful individuals, decisions of key firms at critical turning points, and lock-in effects from initial advantages. Most of these forces cannot be predicted or created. But they must find fertile ground, and this ground is prepared by the ability of the regional economy’s firms, leaders, and workers to create and absorb the organizational change that is key to new, high-wage industries. Los Angeles and San Francisco are a striking contrast in these abilities, with Los Angeles’s firms and leaders persistently returning to Old Economy organizational forms and San Francisco’s firms and leaders consistently inventing the organizational forms of the New Economy that become models for the American and world economies as a whole.
